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UNIVERSAL FORMULARY 

BY 

H. EGLESFELD GRIFFITH, M. D. 



UNIVERSAL FORMULARY: 



CONTAINING THE METHODS OF 



PREPARING AND ADMINISTERING 



OFFICINAL AND OTHER MEDICINES, 



THE WHOLE ADAPTED TO 



PHYSICIANS AND PHARMACEUTISTS. 



BY 



IQ 



R. EGLESFELD GRIFFITH, M.D 



jleet.-i sunt qure medicum nobilitant. — Linxjeos 




„*•• of Co,- ~ 

I 71 j 

c - . -^ 



PHILADELPHIA: 
LEA AND BLANCHARD. 

1850. 






Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1850, by 
LEA AND BLANCHARD, 
the Office of the Clerk of the District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 



PHILADELPHIA : 
T. K. AND P. G. COLLINS, PRINTERS. 



TO 



GEORGE B. WOOD, 11. D., 



<r 



PROFESSOR OF MATERIA MEDICA AND PHARMACY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, ETC. 
AND 

FRANKLIN BACHE, M.D., 

PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY IN JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PHILADELPHIA, ETC. 

AUTHORS OF 

"THE DISPENSATORY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 

THIS WORK 

IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, 

BY THEIR FRIEND, 

R. E. G. 



PREFACE 



The design of this work is to present a compendious collection of formulae and 
pharmaceutic processes, with such additional information as may render it useful to 
the physician and apothecary; and the principal aim has been to select materials 
most generally applicable, and of practical utility. The sources from which they have 
been derived are very numerous, as will be seen by a reference to the various 
authorities cited. 

The introduction contains tables and observations on the weights and measures 
employed for pharmaceutical purposes in the United States and in foreign countries; 
and an explanation or vocabulary of the principal abbreviations and Latin terms 
used by physicians in writing prescriptions, followed by observations on the manage- 
ment of the sick-room, with rules for the administration of the different classes of 
medicines. 

The formulary is arranged alphabetically, according to the pharmaceutic names 
adopted in the United States Pharmacopoeia; but in each formula, the English appel- 
lations for the articles composing it are used, and the quantities of these ingredients 
are expressed in words, and not in the usual pharmaceutic signs. 

These innovations may, and probably will, be objected to by many; but we feel 
convinced that a change has become requisite, and that fewer mistakes would be com- 
mitted by physicians in writing prescriptions, both in the names of the ingredients 
and in the quantities, were they given at length, and in common language, instead of 
in the abbreviated cabalistic terms now used. In France this change has been made- 
and it is full time that other countries should follow her example. 

In this portion of the work, the compiler has derived much important assistance 
from several of his friends, and is under great obligation to Mr. Wm. Procter, Jr., for 
numerous formulas and many useful suggestions. He, also, is much indebted to Dr. 
Robert Bridges for his attentive revision of the sheets, as well as for some important 
corrections. 



PREFACE. 



The various tables which follow, it is hoped, will add to the value of the work. 
The observations and directions on officinal preparations are given in as concise a form 
as possible; and are, for the most part, condensed from the excellent edition of Mohr 
and Redioood's Pharmacy, as edited by Mr. Wm. Procter. To this is added a short 
view of the action of poisons, with the best means of obviating their effects. 

To facilitate a reference to the contents of the work, copious indices have been 
added, not only of the formulae, but of the diseases for which they have been advised. 

Notwithstanding the care with which the sheets have been revised, a few typo- 
graphical errors have escaped notice; but, so far as observed, they are of but little 
consequence. Should any important ones be noticed, or any articles of practical utility 
have been omitted, the author would be pleased to be informed of them, that they 
may be noticed in a new edition, should one be called for. 

In the botanical portion, the author has been obliged to cite, in almost every 
instance, his " Medical Botany." This has arisen from the fact, that no other work 
of a general character on medicinal plants has been issued from the American press. 

Philadelphia, 
March, 1850. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 



PAGi. 

PREFACE . . . vii 

INTRODUCTION 9 

Weights and Measures . . " . . . . .9 

Weights of the United States and Great Britain .... 9 

Foreign Weights . . . . . . . .12 

Measures ......... 16 

Specific Gravity . . . . , . . ... 20 

Temperatures for certain Pharmaceutical Operations ... 26 

Hydrometrical Equivalents . . . . . . .26 

Specific Gravities op some of the Preparations of the Pharmacopoeias . 31 

Relation between different Thermometrical Scales . . . .32 

Explanation of principal Abbreviations used in Formulae . . 33 

Vocabulary of Words employed in Prescriptions . . . .34 

Observations on toe Management of the Sick Room ... 45 

Ventilation of the Sick Room . . . . . . .45 

Temperature of the Sick Room . . . . . 46 

Cleanliness in the Sick Room . . . . . . .46 

Quiet in the Sick Room ....... 47 

Examination and Preservation of the Excretions . . . .47 

Administration of Medicine ...... 47 

Furniture of a Sick Room . . . . . . .48 

Proper use of Utensils for Evacuations ..... 49 

Doses of Medicines ........ 50 

Age 50 

Sex 51 

Temperament ........ 51 

Idiosyncrasy ......... 51 

Habit ......... 51 

State of the System ...... .51 

Time of Day ........ 52 

Intervals between Doses . . . . . . .52 

Rules for Administration of Medicines ..... 53 

Acids .......... 53 

Antacids ......... 53 

Antilithics and Lithontriptics . . . . . . .54 

Antispasmodics ........ 54 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Anthelmintics 
Cathartics 
Enemata 
Suppositories 
Demulcents or Emollients 
Diaphoretics 
Diluents 
Diuretics 
Emetics . 
Emmenagogues 
Epispastics 
Errhines 
Escharotics 
Expectorants 
Narcotics 
Refrigerants 
Sedatives 
Sialagogues 
Stimulants 
Tonics 
Management of Convalescence and Relapses 

UNIVERSAL FORMULARY 

DIETETIC PREPARATIONS NOT INCLUDED AMONG THE PREVIOUS 
PRESCRIPTIONS 

LIST OF INCOMPATIBLES 

POSOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT MEDICINES 

TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES WHICH DIFFER IN THE 
UNITED STATES AND BRITISH PHARMACOPOEIAS 

OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS 

Internal Remedies 
Powders 

Pills and Boluses 
Extracts 

Confections, Conserves, Electuaries 
Pulps 

Syrups .... 
Mellites or Honeys 
Infusions 
Decoctions 
Tinctures 
"Wines 
Vinegars 
Mixtures 

Medicated Waters 
Distilled, Essential, or Volatile Oils 
Fixed Oils and Fats 
Alkaloids 
Spirits .... 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Mi 



Troches or Lozenges 
Inhalations 

External Remedies 
Baths 

Cold Bath 

Cool Bath 

Temperate Bath 

Tepid Bath 

Warm Bath 

Hot Bath 

Shower Bath 

Local Baths 

Vapor Bath 

Warm Air Bath 

Douches 

Medicated Baths 

Affusion 

Sponging 
Fomentations 
Cataplasms, or Poultices 
Lotions, Liniments, Embrocations 
Vesicatories, or Blisters 



Setons 
Ointments 
Cerates 
Plasters 
Fumigations 
Blood-letting 

General Blood-letting 

Venesection 

Arteriotomy 
Topical Blood-letting 

Cupping 

Leeching . 

Scarifications 

POISONS 

INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES 

INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES 

GENERAL INDEX 



INTRODUCTION 



Before entering upon the main object of the work, some introductory observations 
are required, on the forms in which remedial substances are administered, the pro- 
cesses to be pursued in their preparation, and on the weights and measures employed 
in the proper apportionment of the ingredients, and in the regulation of the doses to 
be administered. 

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

These vary much in different countries, and even in the same country. Thus, in 
Great Britain and the United States, there are three standards of weight recognized 
and employed : the Avoirdupois, the Troy, and the Apothecaries. 

Weights oe the United States and Great Britain. 

Avoirdupois Weight. 
This is the common standard employed in the selling or buying of such articles 
as are measured by weight, and is also in use among apothecaries in this country, 
except in the compounding and dispensing of medicines. 

Equal to troy grains. 

1 drachm 27.34375 

16= 1 ounce ------ 437.5 

256= 16= 1 pound 7000. 

3584= 224= 14= 1 stone - 98000. 

28672= 1792= 112= 8= 1 hundred weight - 784000. 

473440=35840=2240=160=20=1 ton - - 15680000. 

In weighing many articles, what is called the short ton, or 2000 pounds, is em- 
ployed 

Troy Weight 
Is used in the sale of gold, silver, platina, and precious stones. 
1 grain 
24= 1 pennyweight 
480= 20= 1 ounce 
5700=240=12=1 pound. 
The following are the relative proportions between the troy and the avoirdupois : — 
One pound troy is equivalent to 0.822857 pound avoirdupois, or 13 ounces, 2 
drachms, 1 scruple, 9.5 grains. 

One ounce troy is equivalent to 1 ounce, 1 drachm, 1 scruple, 6.225 grains avoir- 
dupois. 

One pound avoirdupois is equivalent to 1.21577 pound troy, or 1 pound, 2 ounces, 
4 drachms, and 2 scruples. 

One ounce avoirdupois is equivalent to 7 drachms, 17.5 grains troy. 
144 pounds avoirdupois are equivalent to 175 pounds troy. 
175 ounces troy are equivalent to 192 ounces avoirdupois. 

The following table of equivalents in troy and avoirdupois weight, derived from 
Redwood's edition of Gray's Supplement to the Pharmacopoeia, will be found useful in 
making these calculations. 



10 



INTRODUCTION. 



EQUIVALENTS IN TROY AND AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 









TROT. 






AVOIRDUPOIS. 


Troy grains. 


















lbs. 


oz. 


drs. 


grs. 


lbs. 


OZ. 


grs. 


60 






1 








60 


120 






2 








120 


240 






4 








240 


437.5 






7 


17.5 




1 




480 




1 








1 


42.5 


875 




1 


6 


35 




2 




960 




2 








2 


85 


1312.5 




2 


5 


52.5 




3 




1440. 




3 








3 


127.5 


1750. 




3 


5 


10 




4 




1920. 




4 








4 


170 


2187.5 




4 


4 


27.5 




5 




2400 




5 








5 


212.5 


2625.0 




5 


3 


45. 




6 




2880. 




6 








6 


255 


3062.5 




6 


3 


2.5 




7 




3360 




7 








7 


297.5 


3500 




7 


2 


20. 




8 




3840 




8 








8 


340 


3937.5 




8 


1 


37.5 




9 




4320. 




9 








9 


382.5 


4375. 




9 





55. 




10 




4800 




10 








10 


425 


4812.5 




10 




12.5 




11 




5250 




10 


7 


30. 




12 




5280 




11 








12 


30 


5687.5 




11 


6 


47.5 




13 




5760. 




12 








13 


72.5 


6125. 







6 


5. 




14 




6562.5 




1 


5 


22.5 




15 




7000 




2 


4 


40. 




16 




7680 




4 








1 


242.5 


9600 




8 








5 


422.5 


10500 




9 


7 






8 




11520 


O 










10 


145 


14000 


2 


5 


1 


20 


2 






17280 


3 








2 


7 


217.5 


21000 


3 


7 


6 





3 






23040 


4 








3 


4 


290 


28000 


4 


10 


2 


40 


4 






28800 


5 








4 


1 


362.5 


34560 


6 








4 


14 


435 


35000 


6 





7 


20 


5 






40320 


7 








5 


12 


70 


42000 


7 


3 


4 





6 






46080 


8 








6 


9 


142.5 


49000 


8 


6 





40 


7 






51840 


9 








7 


6 


215 


56000 


9 


8 


5 


20 


8 






57600 


10 








8 


3 


287.5 


63000 


10 


11 


2 





9 







INTRODUCTION. 



11 









TKOY. 






AVOIRDUPOIS. 


Troy grains. 


















lbs. 


oz. 


drs. 


grs. 


lbs. 


OZ. 


grs. 


63360 


11 








9 





360 


69120 


12 








9 


13 


432.5 


70000 


12 


1 


6 


40 


10 






74880 


13 








10 


11 


67.5 


77000 


13 


4 


3 


20 


11 






80640 


14 








11 


8 


140 


84000 


14 


7 








12 






86400 


15 








12 


5 


212.5 


91000 


15 


9 


4 


40 


13 






92160 


16 








13 


2 


285 


97920 


17 








13 


15 


357.5 


98000 


17 





1 


20 


14 






103680 


18 








14 


12 


430 


105000 


18 


2 


6 





15 






109440 


19 








15 


10 


65 


112000 


19 


5 


2 


40 


16 






115200 


20 








16 


7 


137.5 


119000 


20 


7 


7 


20 


17 






120960 


21 








17 , 


4 


210 


126000 


21 


10 


4 





18 






126720 


22 








18 


1 


282.5 


132480 


23 








18 


14 


355 


133000 


23 


1 





40 


19 






138240 


24 








19 


11 


427.5 


140000 


24 


3 


5 


20 


20 






144000 


25 








20 


9 


62.5 


147000 


25 


6 


2 





21 






149760 


26 








21 


6 


135 


151000 


26 


8 


6 


40 


22 






155520 


27 








22 


3 


207.5 


161000 


27 


11 


3 


20 


23 






161280 


28 








23 





280 


167040 


29 








23 


13 


352.5 


168000 


29 


2 








24 






172800 


30 








24 


10 


425 


175000 


30 


4 


4 


40 


25 






178560 


31 








25 


8 


59 


182000 


31 


7 


1 


20 


26 






184320 


32 








26 


5 


131.5 


189000 


32 


9 


6 





27 






190080 


33 








27 


2 


204 


195840 


34 








27 


15 


276.5 


196000 


34 





2 


40 


28 






201600 


35 








28 


12 


149 


203000 


35 


2 


7 


20 


29 






207360 


36 








29 


9 


421.5 


210000 


36 


5 


4 





30 






230400 


40 








32 


14 


275 


280000 


48 


7 


2 


40 


40 






288000 


50 








41 


2 


125 


345600 


60 








49 


5 


412.5 


350000 


60 


9 


1 


20 


50 






403200 


70 








57 


9 


262.5 


420000 


72 


11 








60 







12 



INTRODUCTION. 









TROY. 






AVOIRDUPOIS. 


Troy srrains. 


















lbs. 


oz. 


drs. 


grs. 


lbs. 


OZ. 


grs. 


460800 


80 








65 . 


13 


113 


490000 


85 





6 


40 


70 






518400 


90 








74 





400.5 


560000 


97 


o 


5 


20 


80 






576000 


100 








82 


4 


250.5 


630000 


109 


4 


4 





90 






645120 


112 








92 


2 


245 


700000 


121 


6 


o 


40 


100 






784000 


136 


1 


2 


40 


112 







"When applied to the compounding or dispensing of medicines, this standard of 
weight is known as Apothecaries' weight ; and differs from the last in the subdivision 
of the ounce. 

Apothecaries' Weight. 
1 grain 
20= 1 scruple 
60= 3= 1 drachm 
480= 24= 8= 1 ounce 
. ^760 = 288 = 96 = 12 = 1 pound. 

To designate these divisions, the following marks are generally used in prescrip- 
tions : a grain, gr. ; a scruple, 9; a drachm, 3; an ounce, 5; a pound, lb. 

Foreign Weights. 

France. — Anterior to the French Eevolution'of 1789, the scale of weight used 
was the jwids de marc, the unit of which was the pound of Charlemagne, which was 
equivalent to 7561 troy grains, and was divided as follows: 

Poids de Marc. 





Troy grains. Grammes. 


1 grain - 


- = 0.8203= 0.0531 


24= 1 scruple ... - 


- = 19.687 = 1.274 


72= 3= 1 gros 


- = 59.070 = 3.824 


576= 24= 8= 1 once 


- = 472.542 = 30.594 


4608 = 192= 64= 8 = 1 marc - 


- =3780.500 =244.750 


6612=288= 96 = 12 = 1 livre medicinal - 


- =5670.750 =367.125 


9216=384 = 128 = 16 = 1 livre marchand or poid 


de 


marc - - - - - 


- =7561.000 =489.500 



When the decimal system was introduced by the National Assembly, a new series 
of measures was adopted, termed the metrical, in which the metre, or the ten-millionth 
part of a quarter of the meridian of the earth, is taken as the" unit; this is divided into 
ten parts, each of which is called a decimetre, which in turn is divided into ten centi- 
metres. A cubic decimetre is assumed as the unit of measures of capacity, and termed 
a litre. The unit of weight is called a gramme, and is a cubic centimetre of distilled 
water at 39.5 Fahr. 



Metrical Weight. 



1 milli 

10 = 

100 = 

1000 = 

10000 = 

100000 = 



gr;ii 



1 centigramme - - - - = 

10 = 1 decigramme - - - = 

100 = 10 = 1 gramme - - - = 

1000 = 100 = 10 = 1 decagramme - = 

10000 = 1000 = 100 = 10 = 1 hectogramme = 



1000000 = 100000 = 10000 = 1000 = 100 = 10 = 1 kilogram. 



Troy grains. 

.015444 
.15444 
1.5444 
15.444 
154.44 
1544.4 
15444. 



INTRODUCTION. 13 



This system of weights, although adopted by the scientific men of France, was 
not favorably received by the people generally, who obstinately adhered to the old 
system of the poicls de marc ; and, although many stringent laws were passed, from 
time to time, to render the metrical system obligatory, the government in 1812 was 
forced to make an attempt to amalgamate the two systems, by altering the Uvre, and 
making it equal to half a kilogramme, assuming this as the unit, and calculating the 
other divisions from it, according to the old nomenclature. The following table 
shows the equivalent of the two scales and of avoirdupois : — 

French "Weights op 1812. 



;nch weights Metrical weight 




English avoirdi 


lpois. 


of 1812. 


grammes. 


lb. 


oz. 


dr. 


grains. 


1 livre 


= 500 


= 1 


1 


10 


11.07 


§ " 


= 250 


= 


8 


13 


5.53 


i " 


= 125 


= 


4 


6 


16.18 


2 once 


= 62.5 


_ 


2 


3 


8.9 


1 " 


= 31.25 


= 


1 


1 


17.71 


i " 


= 15.625 


= 




8 


22.52 


2 2T0S 


= 7.812 


= 




4 


11.26 


1 " 


= 3.906 


— 




2 


5.63 


i « 


= 1.9021 


= 




1 


2.81 


1 grain 


= 0.0542 


= 






0.90 



The adoption of this system was not made obligatory upon the pharmaciens by law 
until the year 1827; and indeed it appears never to have been generally adopted, the 
greatest confusion having prevailed with regard to the weights and measures used in 
the preparation of medicine, as well as in commerce generally, up to the year 1840. 
In July, 1837, a law was passed which definitively abolished the use of all other 
weights and measures, excepting those of the metrical or decimal system, from and 
after August, 1840. The Metrical Weight, therefore, is now the only one per- 
mitted to be used throughout France. 

The exact proportion of troy weight to the metrical standard has never been fully 
and exactly ascertained. In the table previously given, the kilogramme has been 
considered as equivalent to 15444 grains troy, which is the usual estimation of it. 
Francoeur, however, estimates the pound troy as equal to 392.9986 grammes; 
Matthieu, Legendre, and Duborg, as equal to 373.0956 grammes; Chelius and 
Ilouschild to 373.243 grammes. But the most correct estimation appears to be that 
of Lochman, who considers 9216 grains poicl de marc as equivalent to 7555 grains 
troy; the pound troy as equal to 7026.320 grains marc; and the kilogramme as 
equal to 15434 grains troy. The subjoined tables are calculated on this estimation : — 

Value oe Troy Weight in Metrical Weight. 

One pound - - - = 373.202 grammes 

One ounce - - - = 31.10017 " 

One drachm - - - = 3.887521 " 

One scruple - - - = 1.295840 " 

One grain - - - = 0.06479201 " 

Value op Troy Weight in Marc Weight. 

One pound = 12 ounces, 1 drachm, 42.33 grains 

One ounce = 1 ounce 9.53 " 

One drachm = 1 « 1.19 " 

One scruple = 24.40 " 

One grain = 1.2203 " 

The other European States differ much in their medicinal weights from the troy 
standard; but it is superfluous to examine each in detail, the following synopsis and 
tabic being sufficient to show the variations. 



14 INTRODUCTION. 

— ♦ 

1. The medicinal pound, except in Turkey, and by the old poids de marc, is in all 
of them divided into 12 ounces. 

2. In all of them, the ounce is divided into 8 drachms, except in Naples, where it 
contains 10. 

3. In all, the ounce is divided into 3 scruples. 

4. But the value of the scruple differs. It is composed of 21 grains at Bologna, 
Goni, Lucca, Modena, Parma, Rome, and in Spain, France, Portugal, Tuscany, and 
Sardinia. 

Of 20 grains in Great Britain, the United States, Austria, Bavaria, Holland, Po- 
land, Prussia, and Sweden; at Lubeck, Naples, Nuremberg, and Venice. 

5. Consequently, the pound consists of 

5760 grains in the United States, Great Britain, Austria, Bavaria, Holland, Poland, 
Prussia, and Sweden ; at Lubeck, Nuremberg, Naples, and Venice. 

6400 grains in Turkey. 

6912 grains in Spain, Portugal, Tuscany, Sardinia, Bologna, Lucca, Modena, 
Parma, Bome, and Coni. 

7200 grains at Naples. 

9216 grains in France by the poids de marc. 

The subjoined table shows the differential values between the troy weight and the 
medicinal weights of the countries of Europe calculated in grains : — 





Value of the 


Value of the 


Value of the 


Value of the 


Value of the 


COUNTRIES, &c. 


pound, 


ounce, 


drachm, 


scruple, 




5700 grains. 


4S0 grains. 


60 grains. 


20 grains. 


° 


Austria (*) . . 


5118.09 


426.51 


53.31 


17.77 


0.89 


Bavaria ( 3 ) . . 


5971.23 


497.60 


62.20 


20.73 


1.04 


Bologna . . . 


7920.93 


660.08 


82.51 


27.50 


1.38 


Coni .... 


8392.40 


699.37 


87.42 


29.14 


1.46 


Corte .... 


7807.42 


650.62 


81.33 


27.11 


1.36 


Holland ( 3 ) . . 


5732.38 


477.70 


59.71 


19.90 


1.00 


Lubeck . . . 


5823.60 


485.30 


60.66 


20.22 


1.01 


Lucca .... 


7711.73 


642.64 


80.33 


26.78 


1.34 


Modena . . . 


7576.80 


631.40 


78.92 


26.31 


1.32 


Monticelli (f) . 


8334.04 


694.55 


86.82 


28.94 


1.45 


Naples ( 5 ) . . 


8377.11 


698.09 


87.26 


29.09 


1.46 


Nuremberg (°) . 


6007.22 


500.60 


62.58 


20.86 


1.04 


Parma ( 7 ) . . 


7864.55 


655.38 


81.92 


27.31 


1.37 


Piacenza ( s ) . . 


8124.20 


677.02 


84.63 


28.21 


1.41 


Poland . . . 


5996.04 


499.67 


62.46 


20.82 


1.04 


Portugal . . . 


7494.62 


624.55 


78.07 


26.02 


1.30 


Prussia (") . . 


6128.12 


510.68 


63.83 


21.28 


1.06 


Bome .... 


7607.72 


633.98 


79.25 


26.42 


1.32 


Spain .... 


7475.46 


622.96 


77.87 


25.96 


1.30 


Sweden . 


6034.48 


502.87 


62.86 


20.95 


1.05 


Turin .... 


7770.71 


647.56 


80.94 


20.98 


1.35 


Turkey . . . 


7436.78 


619 73 


77.47 


25.82 


1.29 


Tuscany . 


7597.21 


633.10 


79.14 


26.38 


1.32 


Venice . . . 


7136.23 


594.69 


74.34 


24.78 


1.24 



(!) This weight is used in Austria Proper, Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary, Transylvania, Tyrol, 
and the Lombardo- Venetian kingdom, with the exception of the city of Venice. 

( 2 ) This weight has been adopted in Greece. 

( 3 ) This weight is also used in Belgium. 
(•*) Monticelli, Castelvetro, and Polesine. 
( 6 ) Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. 

( G ) This weight is no longer used in Nuremberg; this city, being now incorporated in the king- 
dom of Bavaria, has adopted the Bavarian standard. But the Nuremberg weight is still exten- 
sively used in Germany and other countries. In Germany, we find it in the duchies of Saxe- 



INTRODUCTION. 



15 



The value of these various pounds in gr 


t 

ammes is thus calculated by Jourdain : — 


The pound of 5760 grains. 












Venice - - - = 301.230 grammes 


Piacenza 


- 


- - = 317.577 gramme 


Prussia - - - = 350.761 


it 


Bologna 


- 


. . =325.665 


it 


Sweden - - - = 356.227 


a 


Soragna 


- 


. . =325.800 


tt 


Nuremberg - - =357.843 


tt 


Parma - 


- 


- - =328.000 


it 


Poland - - - - = 358.510 


it 


Corte - 


- 


- - =330.400 


it 


Bavaria - - - =360.000 


it 


Turin - 


- 


. . =331.961 


it 


Lubeck - - - =369.126 


a 


Lucca - 


. 


- - =334.500 


a 


United States and ) oyo onr> 

G-reat Britain j • 


tt 


Rome - 


- 


. . = 339.073 


it 




Tuscany 


- 


- - =339.542 


a 


Holland - - - =375.000 


a 


Modena 


- 


- - =340.457 


it 


Austria - - - =420.009 


a 


Portugal 


- 


- - =344.190 


u 


The pound of 6400 grains. 




Spain - 


- 


- - =345.072 


it 


Turkey - - - =321.317 


" 


The pound of 7200 grains. 




The pound of 6912 grains. 




Naples - 


- 


- - =320.230 


a 


Coni .... =307.370 


a 


The pound 


of 9216 grains. 




Monticelli - - = 307.370 


a 


France 


- 


- - =489.503 


a 



Liquid Measures of the United States and Great Britain. 

The liquid measures employed by the apothecaries in the United States and Ireland, 
are the wine gallon and its sub-divisions. 



Altenbnrg, and of Anhalt Bernburg ; grand duchy of Baden ; city of Bremen ; duchies of Brunswick, 
Saxe Meiningen, and Saxe Coburg Gotha ; cities of Frankfort-on-the-Maine and Hamburg ; kingdom 
of Hanover ; electorate of Hesse, grand duchy of Hesse, landgraviate of Hesse Homburg ; princi- 
pality of Hohenzollern Sigmaringen; duchy of Nassau; grand duchy of Oldenburg; principalities 
of Reuss-Plauen and Reuss-Schleitz, of Schwartzburg-Rudolstadt, and Schwartzburg-Sonderhausen ; 
duchy of Sleswick-Holstein ; principality of Waldeck ; grand duchy of Saxe-Weimar ; and kingdom 
of Wirtemberg. 

The Nuremberg standard is also adopted in Denmark, Norway, Finland, Russia, and Switzer- 
land. 

( 7 ) Parma, Borgo San-Donnino, Pellegrino, San-Secondo, Fontanellato, and Bussetto. 

( 8 ) Piacenza, Fiorenzola, and Carpaneta. 

( 9 ) This standard has been adopted in the kingdom of Saxony, the principalities of Lippe- 
Detmold and Lippe-Schaumburg, and the duchy of Anhalt-Dessau. It differs so little from those 
of Anhalt-Coethen and the grand duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 
that the standard of these three territories may be considered identical with that of Prussia. 

This table needs hardly any explanation: it will enable the pharmaceutist — in all cases of 
foreign formulae — to calculate the foreign weight in troy weight ; thus, e. g. — one grain troy being 
equal to 0.S9 grain of Austria — the value of one grain Austrian weight in troy weight may be 
readily ascertained by a simple rule of three example : — 
0.89 : 1 : : 1 

1 x 1 = X 1 = 0.100 
0.89)0.100(1.1235 
S9 

110 
89 

210 

178 

320 
2.67 

530 
445 



65 



16 INTRODUCTION. 



Wine Measure. 
1 minim 
60 = 1 fluidrachni - - = 0.2254 cubic incbes. 

480 = 8 = 1 fluidounce - - = 1.8047 " 

7680 = 128 = 16 = 1 pint - = 28.875 " 

61440 = 1024 = 128 = 8 =1 gallon - = 231 " 

For a long time, tbe Royal Colleges of Pbysicians in England, Scotland, and Ire- 
land declined to recognize tbe use of measures in preparing and dispensing medicines, 
on tbe ground tbat tbe varying densities of different fluids rendered it difficult to use 
one common measure for all witbout risk of serious errors. But as druggists and 
medical practitioners constantly employed measures, in defiance of tbe probibition, and 
as tbe practice, besides being attended with great and obvious convenience, was found 
to be less fraught with danger than had been conceived, the London College in the 
first instance, and subsequently tbe other colleges also, recognized a system of mea- 
sures of their own, founded on tbe standard measures of tbe country. The Colleges 
of London and Edinburgh, adopting the imperial pint of 1826 as tbe basis, divide 
it into twenty parts, called fluidounces; each of which corresponds exactly with an 
avoirdupois ounce of distilled water at 62° F. and 30° B., and therefore contains 437.5 
grains troy. The fluidounce is subdivided into eight parts of 54.6875 grains, termed 
fluidraehms ; and each of these consists of sixty parts, called minims, which therefore 
amount each in weight to 0.91146 troy grain of distilled water. 

The last edition of the Dublin Pharmacopoeia having been published immediately 
before the passing of the Act of 1826, the imperial standard measures could not be 
adopted in tbat work as the basis of apothecaries' measure. The College, however, 
recognized a system adopted in a previous edition of the London Pharmacopoeia, and 
founded on the wine measure, in general use in Britain prior to the legislative alter- 
ations of 1826. According to this system, the old wine gallon of 231 cubic incbes, 
or 58317.8 troy grains of distilled water at 62° F. and 30° B., is divided into eight 
" pounds by measure" or old wine pints, each containing 7289.725 grains of water. 
The pint is subdivided into sixteen " ounces by measure," containing each 455.6075 
grains; the ounce is divided into eight " drachms by measure" of 56.95 grains each ; 
and the drachm is divided into three " scruples by measure," each of which contains 
nineteen grains troy, and consists of twenty "grains by measure." Care must be 
taken, therefore, not to confound the Dublin apothecaries' measure with that more 
recently adopted by the two British Colleges. 

Imperial Measure. 

Grains troy. 

1 minim = 0.91 

60 = 1 fluidracbm = 54.7 

480 — '8 " 1 fluidounce = 437.5= 1 oz. 

9600 = 160 " = 20 " =lpint = 8750 = 1.25 1b. 

76800 = 1280 " =160 " =8 " =1 gallon = 70000 = 10 lbs. 

Value or Wine or Apothecaries' Measure in Imperial Measure. 

Wine Measure. Apothecaries' Measure. 

Pints. Fluidounces. Fluidraehms. Minims. 

1 gallon = 6 13 2 23 

1 pint = 16 5 18 

1 fluidounce = 1 20 

1 fluidracbm = 1 2 J 

Value of Imperial Measure in Wine or Apothecaries' Measure. 

Gallon. Tints. Fluidounces. Fluidraehms. Minims. 

1 gallon 119 5 8 

1 pint 1 3 1 58 

1 fluidounce 7 41 

1 fluidracbm 58 



INTRODUCTION. 17 

Besides these regular and authorized measures, there are others constantly used in 
the preparation and administration of medicines, which require notice. These, which 
have been adopted for convenience, are far from being uniform, but may be used 
without danger for ordinary purposes. Drs. Wood and Bache estimate the 

Teacup as containing about four fluidounces. 

Wineglass " " two fluidounces. 

Tablespoon " " a half a fluidounce. 

Teaspoon " " a fluidrachm. 

Dr. Christison gives a somewhat different calculation ; he considers 

A Tumbler to contain eight fluidounces. 

Breakfast cup " do do 

Teacup " five fluidounces. 

Wineglass " two fluidounces. 

Tablespoon " half a fluidounce. 

Dessertspoon " two fluidrachms. 

Teaspoon " one fluidrachm. 

In both these estimates, the teaspoon is rated too low; they apply very well to the 
teaspoonful formerly used, but not to the much larger kind now in general use, which 
approaches the dessertspoon in capacity. Quart and pint bottles are also some- 
times employed as measures of capacity for medical purposes ; but they are very falla- 
cious guides of quantity, as the so called quart bottle never holds a quart, nor the 
misnamed pint bottle a pint. The first seldom holds more than twenty-six to twenty- 
seven fluidounces, and the latter from thirteen to fourteen. 

It is still more common to estimate small quantities or doses of medicine by drops, 
as representing, and equivalent to, minims. This is so convenient, that it is not likely 
to be abandoned, though nothing can be more erroneous, as the size of the drop of the 
same fluid varies much with the form of the mouth of the bottle, its size, the mode 
in which the operation is performed, and still more from the nature of the fluid thus 
attempted to be measured. Numerous experiments have been made on the subject, 
but can only be considered as approximate estimates, though sufficiently accurate for 
practical purposes. 

Mr. Alsop, of London, some years since, published the result of some experiments 
made by him, which show the great variation to which this mode of measuring is 
liable. The following proves that the number of drops required to measure a fluidrachm 
are widely different when dropped from a large or a small bottle. 



One fluidrachm. 




Large bottle. 


Small bottle 


Diluted sulphuric acid 


- 


- 24 


drops 


84 drops 


Scheele's hydrocyanic acid 


- 35 


a 


60 " 


Distilled water 


. 


- 31 


u 


54 « 


Solution of ammonia 


- 


- 40 


u 


48 " 


Tincture of opium - 


- 


- 84 


u 


135 " 


Kectified spirit 


- 


- 100 


a 


130 " 


Tincture of" muriate of 


iron 


- 100 


a 


150 « 



Mr. Durand, of Philadelphia, in an able paper on the subject (Journ. PJiila. Col 
of Pharm., vol. i. p. 165), says, "The bulk of drops depends not only on the density 
of the liquids which furnish them, and the cohesion of the constituent particles of 
that liquid, but also on the shape of the mouth of the vessel from which they are 
poured. An open vessel with a beak, such as the common graduated measure, affords 
a larger drop than a bottle with the stopper half drawn out; a mode commonly prac- 
ticed. That furnished by the dropping tube is still smaller, and is ever liable to vary 
with the greater or lesser diameter of its extremity. Besides, in every instance, the 
first drops poured from any vessel are always smaller than those subsequently obtained." 
He goes on to say that the following may be considered as established: — 
1. That liquids which contain a small proportion of water afford a small drop; 
while, on the contrary, liquids containing a large quantity of water furnish a large 



18 INTRODUCTION. 

— ♦ 

drop. For instance, concentrated acids, ethers, rectified alcohol, fixed and essential 
oils, &c, which contain a very small proportion of water, yield a smaller drop than 
diluted acids, weak alcohol, wine, &c. 

2. That, among liquids containing a large proportion of water, those which are not 
charged with remedial substances give a larger and heavier drop than those same 
liquids containing extraneous bodies in solution. Thus, weak alcohol, wine, vinegar, 
and water furnish a larger and heavier drop than the tinctures prepared from them. 

The following table illustrates his remarks : — 



TABLE 



Showing the Differences between Minims, Drops, and Grains of various Medicinal 
Liquid Preparations of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, &c. 



PREPARATIONS. 



c .5 


IS" 

6°" 

£.2 


°.s 

c w 


30 


13.3 


25 


50 


8 


60 


46 


8.6 


57 


28 


14.2 


22.2 


40 


10 


40 


18 


22.2 


18.1 


40 


10 


50 


40 


10 


43.5 


40 


10 


36 


40 


10 


32 


40 


10 


40 


40 


10 


42 


40 


10 


43 


40 


10 


50 


44 


9.1 


50 


26 


15.3 


25 


24 


16.6 


26 


26 


15.3 


29 


25 


16 


29 


19 


21 


20 


26 


15.3 


25 


15 


26.6 


17.5 


15 


26.6 


17.5 


17 


23.5 


17 


17 


23.5 


17 


IS 


22.2 


18.5 


15 


26.6 


20 


18 


22.2 


20 


19 


21 


20 



fc.S 



Sulphuric acid 

Sulphuric ether 

Rectified alcohol 

Nitric acid 

Acetic acid (crystallizable) .... 

Muriatic acid 

Oil of wormseed (chenopod, anthelminticum) 
of peppermint, aniseed, sweet almond, olive, 

palma christi 

of cloves 

of cinnamon 

Copaiba 

Diluted alcohol 

Tincture of hydriodate of potassa, cantharides, 
kino, digitalis, assafetida, sulphuric acid, 
colchicum, opium, valerian, guaiacum 
of valerian, guaiacum (volatile) ... 

of muriate of iron 

Wine, Teneriffe 

antimonial 

of opium (Sydenham's laudanum) 
of colchicum root and seeds 

Vinegar, distilled 

of opium (black drop) ") 
of colchicum > 

of squill - - j 

Water, distilled 

solution of hydrocyanic acid - 

sulphuric acid (1 to 7) - 
nitric " " - 

ammonia (strong) - 
" (weak) - 
hydriodate of potassa 
arsenite of potassa - 



16 
6 
7.1 

18 
10 

99 



9 
11 
12.5 
10 

9.5 



8 
16 
15.3 
13.7 
13.7 
20 

16 

24.5 

24.5 

23.5 

23.5 

22 

20 

20 

20 



The only mode to obviate these discrepancies is for the physician to order the 
administration of small quantities of fluid medicines in minims, and not in drops, 
which would induce the use of a minim measure in every sick room. 



INTRODUCTION. 19 

French Measures of Capacity. 



1 mi 


llilitre 


- 


- 


.' 


- 


22= 


16.2318 minims. 


10 = 


1 centilitre 


. 




- 


2=2 


2.7053 fl. dr. 


100 = 


10= 


1 decilitre 


. 


- 


2=2 


3.3816 fl. ounces 


1000 = 


100= 


10 = 


= 1 litre 




- 


2= 


2.1135 pints. 


10000 = 


1000 = 


100 = 


= 10 = 


1 decalitre 


2=2 


2.6419 gallons. 


100000 = 


10000 = 


1000 = 


= 100= 10 = 


1 hectolitre 


2== 


26.4190 " 


.000000 = 


100000=10000, 


=1000=100 = 


10=lkiloliti 


■e=! 


264.1900 " 


Litres. Eng. cubic inches. 


Imperial pints, 




Wine pints. 


Troy ounces of water. 


1 = 


61.028 


— 


1.7608 


— 


2.1135 


2=2 


31.104 


2 = 


122.056 


= 


3.5216 


— 


4.2270 


=2 


62.208 


3 = 


183.084 


= 


5.2822 


= 


6.3405 


22= 


96.312 


4 = 


244.112 


= 


7.0430 


— 


8.4541 


2= 


128.416 


5 = 


305.140 


— 


8.8038 





10.5476 


=2 


160.520 


6 = 


366.168 


— 


10.5646 


222 


12.6811 


=2 


192.624 


7 = 


427.196 


— 


12.3253 


2=2 


14.7947 


2=2 


224.728 


8 = 


488.224 


= 


14.0861 


— 


16.9082 


2=2 


256.832 


9 = 


549.252 


= 


15.8469 


= 


19.0217 





288.936 



litre 


decilitre 


1 centilitre. 


« 


1 


u 


2 " 


« 


2 


it 


5 " 


" 


5 


« 





1 " 





a 


" 



The former measure in use before the introduction of the metrical system was the 
pint, and its subdivisions; and it still continues to be employed in some parts. It 
agrees with the metrical measure as follows : — 

1 demi-poisson = 62.50 grammes = 

1 poisson =125 = 

1 demi-setier =250 = 

1 chopine =500 = 

1 pinte = 1000 = 

The subjoined is a list of the principal liquid measures of Europe, with their cor- 
responding value in the metrical measure of France : — 

Austria. — The fundamental unity is the mass or Jeanne = 71.3343 Par. cubic 
inches, or 1.415015 litre. The mass is divided into 3 seidel, and 40 mass make one 
eimer. 

Baden. — The fundamental unity is the mass = 1.5 decimetre cubic, and accord- 
ingly equivalent to 1.5 litre. 

Bavaria. — The fundamental unity is the mass = 43 decimal cubic inches of 
Bavaria, or 1.06921728 litre. The mass is divided into 4 schoppen. 

Denmark. — The fundamental unity is the pott ( -^d part of a cubic foot Danish), 
equivalent to 0.96529 litre. The pott is divided into four pegel, and 2 potts make a 
kanne. 

Grand Duciiy op Hesse. — The fundamental unity is the mass, which corresponds 
exactly to 2 litres. The mass is divided into 4 schoppen. 

Naples. — The unity is the harile, equivalent to 43.6216 litres. 

Portugal. — The unity is the almude, equivalent to 16.451 litres. 

Prussia. — The unity is the quart. This measure has a capacity of 64 cubic inches 
of distilled water, at 61.25 Fahr. and 27° 10' barom., = 57.724 cubic inches of Paris, 
or 1.145 litre. 

Bome. — The unity is the harile, equivalent to 58.3416 litres. 

BussiA. — The unity is the wedro, which contains 750 cubic inches of distilled 
water at 50° Fahr. and 30° barom., = 30 pounds Bussian. The wedro is equivalent 
to 12.28963047 litres, and one litre is accordingly equivalent to 0.081369410776019 
wedro. The wedro is divided into 10 stof, and the stof into 10 tscharh. 

Spain. — The unity is the arroba, equivalent to 16.073 litres. 

Sweden. — The fundamental unity is the hanna, which contains 100 cubic decimal 
inches of pure water at 62° Fahr., m vacuo, equivalent to 6.151951 pounds Swedish. 
One pound Swedish of pure water at 62° Fahr. in vacuo, is equal to 0.4250104 litre ; 



20 INTRODUCTION. 

the kanna is consequently equivalent to 2,6146431552904 litres, or, calculated upon 
the maximum density of water, 2.617341607120 litres, or, in shorter terms, 2.62 
litres. The kanna is divided into 2 stop, the stop into 4 quarter, and the quarter into 
^.jungfrus. 

Turin. — The unity is the brenta, divided into 36 pints, and equivalent to 49.28468 
litres. 

Tuscany. — The unity is the barile, equivalent to 45.584 litres. 

Wirtemberg. — The unity is the mass, which contains 78.125 cubic inches (Wir- 
temberg measure), and is equivalent to 1.83705 litre. The mass is divided into four 
schoppen. 

SPECIFIC GRAVITY. 

The following remarks on Specific Gravity have been taken from Redwood's edition 
to Gray's Supplement, and comprise in a condensed form much useful information. 

The determination of the specific gravity of a body consists in estimating the weight 
of a given volume of it, as compared with an equal volume of some other body. The 
bodies usually taken as the standard of comparison are pure water for solids and 
liquids, and atmospheric air for gases. 

The specific gravity of a solid is determined by first weighing it in the ordinary 
manner with an accurate balance suspended in the air ; then attaching a horse-hair, 
or fine silken thread to the solid body, immersing it in pure distilled water, and 
weighing it while thus immersed. The weight of the body in air, divided by the 
difference between its weight in air and its weight in water, will be its specific gravity. 
Thus a piece of lead is found to weigh 398 grains in air. When immersed in water, 
its weight is 302.4 grains; and the difference between these two weights, namely, 
35.6, is the weight of the volume of water displaced by the lead, or of a volume of 
water equal to that of the lead. The volume of water being taken as unity, the specific 
gravity of the lead is found by the following rule of three sum : — 

35.6 : 1 : : 398 : 11.176, the specific gravity of the lead. 

In taking the specific gravity of a solid substance lighter than water, some modifi- 
cation of the process is required : but we have, nevertheless, the same preliminary 
points to determine; first, the weight of the substance in air; and secondly, the weight 
of an equal volume of water. This may be illustrated by taking the specific gravity 
of a piece of was. The weight of the wax in air is 105.4 grains. On immersing 
the wax in water, two pressures are exerted — a pressure downwards, equal to the 
gravity or weight of the wax, and a pressure upwards, equal to the weight of the 
volume of water displaced by the wax; but the specific gravity of water being greater 
than that of wax, the upward pressure preponderates, and the wax rises to the surface. 
Thus, we find that a volume of water equal to that of the wax weighs as much as 
the wax, and something more. We must ascertain how much more ; and this is done 
in the following manner : Some body heavier than water, and the weight of which 
in water is known, is attached to the wax, and the two bodies are weighed in water 
together. A piece of lead may be used for this purpose. The lead, alone, weighs 
378 grains in water; with the wax attached to it, the weight in water is 372.4 grains, 
making a difference of 5.6 grains; and this 5.6 grains is equal to the excess of the 
upward over the downward pressure on the wax, when immersed in water. Thus, a 
volume of water equal to that of the wax weighs 5.6 grains more than the wax, or 
105.4 + 5.6=111 grains. 

Then, 111 : 1 : : 105.5 : 0.949, the specific gravity of the wax. 

It sometimes happens that the solid substance, the specific gravity of which is to be 
determined, is in powder, or in several small particles. In such cases, it is found 
convenient to proceed as in the following method of taking the specific gravity of 
calomel : — 

100 grains of calomel are introduced into a specific gravity bottle, which holds 
1000 grains of distilled water; the bottle is filled up with water, and the weight of 
the contents is found to be 1083.7 grains; deducting the weight of the calomel (100 
grains) from this, the remainder (983.7 grains) will be the weight of the water in the 



INTRODUCTION. 21 

bottle, and the difference (16.3 grains) between this and 1000 grains, the weight of 
the whole contents of the bottle when filled with distilled water, is the weight of a 
volume of water equal to the volume of the calomel. 

Then, 16.3 : 1 : : 100 : 6.03, the specific gravity of the calomel. 

In taking the specific gravity of substances soluble in water, other modifications of 
the process are required. Sometimes the substance may be covered with a thin coat- 
ing of varnish, so as to protect it from the action of the water. This method answers 
very well for blue pill, which may be brushed over with a strong tincture of mastic, 
and then proceeded with as in the case of the lead. In other instances, however, it 
is necessary to pursue a different course. Thus, any powder that is soluble in water 
must have its specific gravity taken, in the first instance, with reference to some liquid 
in which it is not soluble. Spirit of wine, oil of turpentine, or olive oil, may be used 
in such cases. The process may be illustrated by describing the method of taking 
the specific gravity of guano in oil of turpentine. 

In the first place, the specific gravity of the oil of turpentine is ascertained to be 
0.874. Then 100 grains of guano are introduced into a specific gravity bottle, as in 
the case of the calomel ; and the bottle being filled up with oil of turpentine, the 
weight of the contents is found to be 922.7 grains, from which, deducting 100 grains, 
the remainder (842.7 grains) will represent the oil not displaced by the guano; and 
this, deducted from 874 grains, the quantity of oil the bottle is capable of holding, 
leaves 51.3 grains as the weight of a volume of oil of turpentine equal to that of the 
guano. Now, 874 : 51.3 : : 1000 : 58.7, the weight of a volume of water equal 
to that of the guano. 

Then, 58.7 : 1 : : 100 : 1.7, the specific gravity of the guano. 

The methods by which the specific gravities of liquids are usually determined may 
be divided into two classes : — 

1st. Those which consist in filling any suitable vessel with the liquid to be esti- 
mated, ascertaining the weight of the contents, and dividing this by the weight of 
the same volume of water. 

2d. Those which consist in displacing a portion of the liquid by some solid body 
floating in it, and estimating the specific gravity according to the weight and volume 
of the substance immersed, as compared with its immersion in water. 

In the first case, the instruments employed are a specific gravity bottle and an 
ordinary balance. 

In the second case, the instruments used may be comprehended under the general 
terms of hydrometers or areometers. These, however, are distinguished from each 
other, for there are many varieties of them, by different names, according to the par- 
ticular purpose for which they are respectively intended, or from some peculiarity in 
their construction. 

The specific gravity bottle affords the most accurate means of determining the com- 
parative densities of liquids. It consists, usually, of a globular bottle with a flat bot- 
tom and a slender neck, which holds exactly 1000 grains of distilled water at a cer- 
tain fixed temperature. It is very easy at any time to test the accuracy of one of 
these bottles by a single experiment ; and, having ascertained that the bottle is cor- 
rectly adjusted with regard to distilled water, the indications afforded with any other 
liquid will be equally trustworthy. The weight in grains of the quantity of any 
liquid filling such bottle will indicate its specific gravity. 

Hydrometers, or areometers, are floating instruments, and their application for the 
purpose of determining the specific gravities of liquids depends upon the fact that a 
body immersed in any liquid sustains a pressure from below upwards equal to the 
weight of the volume of the liquid displaced by such body. 

The use of hydrometers for determining the specific gravities of liquids has been 
traced back to a period about 300 years before Christ ; an instrument of this kind 
being described as the invention of Archimedes, the Sicilian mathematician. It sub- 
sequently fell into disuse, but was again brought into notice by Basil Valentine. 

There are two kinds of hydrometers, which may be taken as the types of all the 
different varieties in regard to construction : — 

1st. Those which are always immersed in the liquids to be tried, to the same 



22 INTRODUCTION. 

depth, and to which weights are added to adjust the instrument to the density of any 
particular liquid. Of this description are Fahrenheit's, Nicholson's, and Guyton de 
Morveau's hydrometers. 

2d. Those which are always used with the same weight, but which sink into the 
liquids to be tried to different depths, according to the densities of the liquids. 
These usually have graduated scales attached to their stems. Of this description are 
the common glass hydrometers, generally including those of Baunie, Cartier, Gray 
Lussac, Twaddle, Zanetti, &c, and the specific gravity beads. 

Sikes's and Dicas's hydrometers combine the principles of both types, having mov- 
able weights and graduated scales. 

Hydrometers may also be divided into two classes, as follows : — 

First. Those having a general application, for determining the comparative densi- 
ties of any liquids. 

Second. Those intended for special application; as for estimating the comparative 
strengths of spirits, or the comparative densities of syrups, oils, &c. 

Fahrenheit's, Nicholson's, G-uyton de Morveau's, and the common glass hydrome- 
ters, including Baume's, Cartier' s, Zanetti' s, and the specific gravity beads, belong to 
the first class. 

Gay Lussac's, Sikes's, and Dicas's hydrometers, the saccharometer, urinometer, 
and elaeometer, belong to the second class. 

Fahrenheit's hydrometer consists of two glass bulbs blown in a glass tube, like a 
common hydrometer, excepting that the upper bulb is larger, and the stem, which is 
small, is terminated at the top in a cup or funnel. It has a mark on the middle of 
the stem, indicating the point at which the instrument is to be made to float, by 
means of weights put into the cup. 

Nicholson's hydrometer is a modification of Fahrenheit's. It is made of brass, 
and consists of a hollow globe, to which is fixed a slender stem surmounted by a cup ; 
on the opposite side of the globe is another cup fixed in a kind of stirrup, and loaded, 
so that this may always form the lowest point of the instrument when immersed in 
any liquid. There is a mark on the middle of the upper stem, indicating the point 
at which the instrument is to be made to float. A certain weight is introduced into 
the cup, to cause the instrument to sink to the proper mark in distilled water. On 
immersing the hydrometer into any other liquid, more or less weight will have to be 
put into the cup, according as such liquid is more or less dense than water. Thus 
the relative densities of liquids are determined. 

This instrument is also applicable for taking the specific gravities of solids. If the 
solid substance be put into the cup as part of the weight required to sink the hy- 
drometer in distilled water, the weight of the substance in air is ascertained ; and if 
it be then put into the lower cup, immersed in the water, and the instrument again 
adjusted, its weight in water is ascertained; and from these its specific gravity is 
calculated. 

Guyton de Morveau's hydrometer is similar to Fahrenheit's. 

Baume's hydrometers are used extensively in this country, as well as in France, 
and are applicable for all kinds of liquids. There are two distinct instruments : one 
for liquids lighter than water, and the other for liquids heavier than water. The 
latter is, for distinction, called the acidometer or saccharometer (pese-acide or pese- 
sirop) ; the former, the spirit hydrometer (pese-esprit). 

Baume's acidometer is made in the form of the common hydrometers. It con- 
sists of a glass tube terminated at the lower end by two bulbs, the lowest bulb being 
much smaller than the other, and intended to contain the ballast with which the in- 
strument is loaded. The scale is marked on a slip of paper, or of ivory, fixed in the 
tube, and is adjusted in the following manner : The top of the tube being open, the 
slip of paper on which the scale is to be marked is put into the stem, and the instru- 
ment is then immersed in pure distilled water ; quicksilver is now dropped into the 
lower ball until the instrument sinks so low in the water that only the top of the 
stem remains above the surface, and a mark is made on the glass denoting exactly 
the point to which it sinks. The instrument is now taken out of the pure water and 
put into a solution of fifteen parts of common salt in eighty-five parts of distilled 



INTRODUCTION. 23 



water, this solution being at the same temperature as the water in which the instru- 
ment was previously immersed ; the point to which it sinks in this solution is to be 
marked on the stem as before, and the distance between the two marks being taken 
with a pair of compasses, and transferred to the slip of paper, the first is made the 
zero or 0, and the other the 15th degree of the scale. This distance being divided 
into fifteen equal parts or divisions, each division is called a degree, and the scale is 
completed by adding as many more degrees as the length of the stem will admit of. 
This being done, the slip of paper is again introduced into its place, and so fixed that 
the zero (0) of the scale shall be exactly opposite the first mark made on the glass. 
The end of the stem is now sealed with the flame of a blowpipe. 

Baume's spirit hydrometer is similar in form to the acidometer ; but the weight of 
the instrument, and the scale, are different. In this case, the hydrometer is first 
immersed, as before, in pure distilled water ; but it is made to float, so that the greater 
part of the stem shall be above the surface of the water. This point is marked, and 
the instrument is then transferred to a solution of ten parts of common salt in ninety 
parts of water, when another mark is made. The distance between these marks is 
made ten degrees of the scale, which are divided with the compasses, and marked on 
the slip of paper, as in the other case, the floating point in the solution of salt being 
made the zero, and the degrees carried upwards from this point. 

The temperature at which these instruments were originally adjusted by Baume, 
was 10° Reaumur, or 12.5 Centigrade; but those made in England are usually adjusted 
at 60° Fahrenheit. It is sometimes important to be aware of this difference. 

Carrier's hydrometer is much used in France. It is only applicable for liquids 
lighter than water. This instrument is a modification of Baume's spirit hydrometer, 
the form of the instrument being the same, and the same point being taken as the 
zero of the scale ; but the space which, in Baume's scale, is divided into 32°, is in 
Carder's divided into 30°. 

It is becoming the common practice in this country to have the scales of hydrome- 
ters marked with the specific gravities intended to be indicated, and this is by far the 
most convenient kind of hydrometer for general use. 

Tiraddh's hydrometers are much used in Scotland, and occasionally in England. 
They are made of glass like the common hydrometers, and are sold in sets of six. 
Each degree on the scale is equal to 0.005 of specific gravity, so that the specific 
gravity of a liquid is found, with these hydrometers, by multiplying the number of 
degrees indicated by 5, and adding 1000. Thus, 10° by Twaddle's hydrometer, 
X 5 + 1000=1.050 specific gravity. 

Zanetti's hydrometers, which are made at Manchester, are also sold in sets of six. 
"With these the specific gravity is got by adding a cipher to the number of degrees 
indicated. 

Specific gravity beads, sometimes called Lovi's beads, are hollow sealed globes of 
glass, about the size of small pistol-bullets. Each bead is a small hydrometer, in- 
tended to indicate one fixed density, by its remaining half way between the top and 
bottom of the liquid into which it is introduced. These beads are sold in sets, each 
one being marked with the specific gravity it is to indicate at a certain fixed tempera- 
ture. They are very useful in making mixtures of any required densities, as, for in- 
stance, in making test acids. 

Gay Lussac's alcolometre is frequently employed in France; it is adapted only for 
estimating the strength of spirits. The instrument is made like a common glass 
hydrometer, the scale of which is divided into 100 parts or degrees. The lowest 
division marked 0, at the bottom of the scale, denotes the specific gravity of pure 
water at a temperature of 15° cent., and the highest division, at the top of the scale, 
the specific gravity of absolute alcohol at the same temperature. The intermediate 
degrees indicate the number of volumes of absolute alcohol in 100 volumes of the 
spirit tried. The instrument is accompanied by a table for correcting the numbers 
marked on the scale, when it is used at any other temperature than that of 15° cent. 

Siketfi hydrometer is used exclusively in the collection of the spirit revenue. It 
consists of a spherical ball or float, and an upper and a lower stem made of brass ; the 
upper stem has ten principal divisions, numbered 1, 2, 3, &c. ? which are each subdi- 



24 INTRODUCTION. 

— * — 
vided into five parts; the lower stem is made conical, and has a pear-shaped loaded bulb 
at its lower extremity. There are nine movable weights, having the form of circular 
discs, and numbered 10, 20, 30, and so on to 90. Each of the circular weights is 
cut into its centre, so that it can be placed on the inferior conical stem, and slid down 
to the bulb; but, in consequence of the enlargement of the cone, they cannot slip off 
at the bottom, but must be drawn up to the thin part for this purpose. The instru- 
ment is adjusted to strong spirit, specific gravity .825, at 60° Fahr., this being 
reckoned as standard alcohol. In this spirit, the instrument floats at the first division, 
0, or zero, without a weight. In weaker spirit, having a greater density, the hydro- 
meter will not sink so low ; and, if the density be much greater, it will be necessary to 
add one of the weights to cause the entire immersion of the bulb of the instrument. 
Each weight represents as many principal divisions of the stem as its number indi- 
cates : thus, the heaviest weight, marked 90, is equivalent to 90 divisions of the stem, 
and the instrument with this weight added floats at in distilled water. As each 
principal division on the stem is divided into five, the instrument has a range of 500 
degrees between standard alcohol, specific gravity .825, and water. In using this in- 
strument, it is immersed in the spirit, and pressed down by the hand to 0, till the 
whole divided part of the stem be wet. The force of the hand required to sink it will 
be a guide in selecting the proper weight. Having taken one of the circular weights, 
which is necessary for this purpose, it is slipped on the conical stem. The instrument 
is again immersed, and pressed down as before to 0, and is then allowed to rise and 
settle at any point of the scale. The eye is then brought to the level of the surface 
of the" spirit, and the part of the stem cut by the surface, as seen from below, is 
marked. The number thus indicated by the stem is added to the number of the 
weight employed, and with this sum at the side, and the temperature of the spirits 
at the top, the strength per cent, is found in a table which accompanies the hydrome- 
ter. The strength is expressed in numbers denoting the excess or deficiency per cent. 
of proof spirit in any sample; and the number itself, having its decimal point removed 
two places to the left, becomes a factor, whereby the gauged contents of a cask or 
vessel of such spirit being multiplied, and the product being added to the gauged con- 
tents if over proof, or deducted from it if under proof, the result will be the actual 
quantity of proof spirit contained in such cask or vessel. 

Dicas's hydrometer is similar in construction to Sikes's ; and it is used in a similar 
manner, with the same result, indicating the relation of the spirit tried to standard 
proof spirit. 

It is the practice in commerce to designate the strength of spirit as so many degrees 
above or below proof, the government having fixed upon what is called proof spirit 
as the standard in comparison with which the strength of all spirit shall be estimated. 
The term proof is said to have been derived from the ancient practice of trying the 
strength of spirit by pouring it over gunpowder in a cup, and then setting fire to the 
spirit; if, when the spirit had burned away, the gunpowder exploded, the spirit was 
said to be over proof: if, on the other hand, the gunpowder failed to ignite, in conse- 
quence of the water left from the spirit, it was said to be under proof . The weakest 
spirit capable of firing gunpowder in this way was called proof spirit : but it requires 
a spirit nearly of the strength of what is now called rectified spirit to stand this test. 
The standard proof spirit of the excise is defined by law (56 Greo. III. cap. 140) to 
be " that which, at a temperature of 51° by Fahrenheit's thermometer, weighs exactly 
twelve-thirteenth parts of an equal measure of distilled water." This will have a spe- 
cific gravity of .923 at 51° Fahr., or about *.920 at G0° Fahr. The standard alcohol 
of the excise is spirit, the specific gravity of which is .825 at 60° Fahr. By "spirit 
60 degrees over proof," is understood a spirit, 100 measures of 'which, added to 60 
measures of water, will form standard proof sjn'rit, sp. gr. 920. By "spirit 10 de- 
grees under proof," is understood a spirit, 100 measures of which, mixed with 10 
measures of standard alcohol, sp. gr. .825, will form standard proof spirit. 

Saccharometers, which are hydrometers intended for determining the density of 
syrups, are usually made and graduated in the same manner as Baume's acidometers, 
and differ only from these in being made smaller ; but the scale is sometimes graduated 
to indicate the proportion of sugar in the solution. 



INTRODUCTION. 



25 



The urinometer is a small hydrometer, originally suggested by Dr. Prout, for esti- 
mating the density of urine. The scale is divided into 60 degrees, the zero being the 
point at which it floats in distilled water. The numbers on the scale, added to 1000, 
the assumed sp. gr. of water, give the specific gravities at the respective points ; thus, 
supposing the number cut by the surface of the liquid to be 80, this indicates a sp. 
gr. 1030. The letters H. S., on the back of the scale, signify healthy standard, which 
ranges from 10° to 20° of the scale. 

The elaeometer is a very delicate glass hydrometer, intended for testing the purity 
of olive oil or oil of almonds, by determining* their densities. The or zero of the 
scale is the point at which the instrument floats in oil of poppy seeds. The point at 
which it floats in pure olive oil is made the 50th degree, and the space between these 
two points is divided into 50 equal parts, and numbered accordingly. It floats at 38 
or 38^° in pure oil of almonds. 

The following tables have been drawn up for the purpose of showing the relations 
between the indications afforded by some of the foregoing instruments. 



Relation between Specific Gravities, and Degrees of Baume s Hydrometer for Liquids 
heavier than Water. 



Sp. gr. B 


aume. 


Sp. gr. Baume. 


Sp. gr. Baume. 


Sp.gr. Baume. 


Sp. gr. 


3aume. 


1.000 = 


= 


1.116= 


= 15 


1.264 = 


= 30 


1.454 = 


=45 


1.714= 


= 60 


1.007 


1 


1.125 


16 


1.275 


31 


1.470 


46 


1.736 


61 


1.014 


2 


1.134 


17 


1.286 


32 


1.485 


47 


1.758 


62 


1.022 


3 


1.143 


18 


1.298 


33 


1.501 


48 


1.779 


63 


1.029 


4 


1.152 


19 


1.309 


34 


1.526 


49 


1.801 


64 


1.036 


5 


1.161 


20 


1.321 


35 


1.532 


50 


1.823 


65 


1.044 


6 


1.171 


21 


1.334 


36 


1.549 


51 


1.847 


66 


1.052 


7 


1.180 


22 


1.346 


37 


1.566 


52 


1.872 


67 


1.060 


8 


1.190 


23 


1.359 


38 


1.583 


53 


1.897 


68 


1.067 


9 


1.199 


24 


1.372 


39 


1.601 


54 


1.921 


69 


1.075 


10 


1.210 


25 


1.384 


40 


1.618 


55 


1.946 


70 


1.083 


11 


1.221 


26 


1.398 


41 


1.637 


56 


1.974 


71 


1.091 


12 


1.231 


27 


1.412 


42 


1.656 


57 


2.002 


72 


1.100 


13 


1.242 


28 


1.426 


43 


1.676 


58 


2.031 


73 


1.108 


14 


1.252 


29 


1.440 


44 


1.695 


59 


2.059 

2.087 


74 
75 



Relation between Specific Gravities, and Degrees of Baume" s Hydrometer for Liquids 
lighter than Water. 



Sp. gr. Baame. 


Sp. gr. Baume. 


Sp. gr. Baume. 


Sp. gr. Baume. 


Sp.gr. Baume. 


1000 = 


= 10 


0.936 = 


= 20 


0.880= 


= 30 


0.830 = 


= 40 


0.785=50 


0.993 


11 


0.930 


21 


0.874 


31 


0.825 


41 


0.781 51 


0.986 


12 


0.924 


22 


0.869 


32 


0.820 


42 


0.777 52 


0.980 


13 


0.918 


23 


0.864 


33 


0.816 


43 


0.773 53 


0-973 


14 


0.913 


24 


0.859 


34 


0.811 


44 


0.768 54 


0.967 


15 


0.907 


25 


0.854 


35 


0.807 


45 


0.764 55 


0.960 


16 


0.901 


26 


0.849 


36 


0.802 


46 


0.760 56 


0.954 


17 


0.896 


27 


0.844 


37 


0.798 


47 


0.757 57 


0.948 


18 


0.890 


28 


0.839 


38 


0.794 


48 


0.753 58 


0.942 


19 


0.885 


29 


0.834 


39 


0.789 


49 


0.749 59 
0.745 60 



INTRODUCTION. 



TEMPERATURES TO BE OBSERVED IN CERTAIN PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS. 

In the fermentation of saccharine solutions, the highest temperature should not 
e*xceed 86° (Thomson). 

The lowest temperature at which they will ferment is 38° (Thomson). 

The process of acetous fermentation is best conducted at a temperature of 
about 86°. 

The temperature requisite to coagulate albumen varies with the state of dilution. 
If the quantity of albumen be so great that the liquid has a slimy aspect, a heat of 
145° or 150° suffices, but in a very dilute condition boiling is required (Fownes). 

In the London and U. S. Pharmacopoeias: 

When a boiling heat is directed, a temperature is meant of 212° Fahr. 

When a gentle heat is directed, a temperature is meant of from 90° to 100°. 

The specific gravities of substances ordered in the London Pharmacopoeia are to be 
taken at a temperature of 62°. 

A water bath is that by which any substance contained in a proper vessel is exposed 
either to hot water, or the vapor of boiling water. A sand bath is made of sand, to 
be gradually heated, in which anything is placed contained in a proper vessel. 

Syrups are to be kept in a place where the temperature never exceeds 55°. 

Vegetables, shortly after they have been gathered, those excepted which ought to 
be fresh, are to be lightly strewed, and dried as quickly as possible with a gentle heat 
(90° to 100°). They are to be kept afterwards in proper vessels, excluded from the 
access of light and moisture. 

In the Dublin Pharmacopoeia: 

By the term superior heat is meant some degree between 200° and 212°. 

When a medium heat is directed, a temperature is meant between 100° and 200°. 

When an inferior heat is directed, a temperature is meant between 90° and 100°. 

In the process of digestion, an inferior heat is to be applied, unless it should be 
otherwise directed. In the process of maceration, a heat should be applied between 60° 
and 90°. 

In the Dublin, Edinburgh, and U. S. Pharmacopoeias : 

Whenever mention occurs of the specific gravity of any body, its temperature is 
supposed to be at 60°. 



HYDROMETRICAL EQUIVALENTS. 



Sp. gr. at 
60o Fah. 


100 parts contain of 
Alcohol 1 
sp. gr. Water. 

By weight. 


1000 parts 

contain of 

standard 

ale. sp. gr. 

825 


Sikes. 


Baun.e. 


Cartier. 


Per cent, of 

alcohol, 

sp.gr. 796 

by volume. 

Gay Lussac. 


796 


100 









46.5 


43.48 


100 


797 


99.5 


.5 










99.75 


798 


99 


1 






46 


43.06 


99.50 


799 


98.67 


1.33 










99.25 


800 


98.33 


1.67 










99 


801 


98 


2 










98.75 


802 


97.67 


2.33 






45 


42.14 


98.50 


803 


97.33 


2.67 








42 


98.28 


804 


97 


3 










98.15 


805 


96.67 


3.33 










98 


806 


96.33 


3.67 










97.80 


806.5 


96.17 


3.83 






44 


41.22 


97.70 



INTRODUCTION. 



27 



Sp. gr. at 
60O Fah. 


100 parts contain of 
Alcohol 1 
sp. gr. Water. 
796. 

By weight. 


1000 parts 
contain of 
standard 
ale. sp. gr. 
825. 


Sikes. 


Baume. 


Cartier. 


Per cent, of 

alcohol, 

sp.gr. 796 

by volume. 

Gay Lussac. 


807 


96 


4 










97.60 


808 


95.5 


4.5 








41 


97.40 


809 


95 


5 










97.29 


809.5 


94.89 


5.10 










97.10 


810 


94.67 


5.33 










97 


811 


94.33 


5.67 






43 


40.34 


96.75 


812 


94 


6 










96.50 


813 


93.67 


6.33 








40 


96.25 


814 


93.33 


6.67 










96 


815 


93 


7 










95.75 


816 


92.5 


7.5 






42 


39.40 


95.50 


817 


92 


8 










95.25 


818 


91.67 


8.33 










95 


818.6 


91.5 


8.5 








39 


94.90 


819 


91.33 


8.67 










94.75 


820 


91 


9 










94.50 


821 


91.5 


9.5 






41 


38.46 


94.25 


822 


90 


10 










94 


823 


89.67 


10.33 








38 


93.75 


824 


89.33 


10.67 










93.50 


825 


89 


11 


1000 


63 O. P. 


40 


37.55 


93.25 


826 


88.5 


11.5 


993 


62 






93 


827 


88 


12 


988.5 


61.5 




37 


92.6 


828 


87.67 


12.33 


984 


61 


39.5 




92.3 


829 


87.33 


12.67 


979.5 


60.5 


39 


36.63 


91 


830 


87 


13 


975 


60 






91.7 


831 


86.5 


13.5 


970.5 


59.5 


38.5 


36.17 


91.35 


832 


86 


14 


966 


59 




36 


91 


833 


85.67 


14.33 


961.5 


58.3 






90.65 


834 


85.33 


14.67 


957 


58 


38 


35.72 


90.3 


835 


85 


15 


953 


57.5 






90 


836 


84.67 


15.33 


949 


57 


37.5 


35.26 


89.7 


837 


84.33 


15.67 


944.5 


56.5 






89.35 


837.6 


84.25 


15.75 


942.5 


56.3 




35 


89.20 


838 


84 


J 6 


940 


56 






89 


839 


83.5 


16.5 


936 


55.5 


37 


34.80 


88.75 


840 


83 


17 


932 


55 






88.5 


841 


82.67 


17.33 


928 


54.5 


36.5 




88.25 


842 


82.33 


17.67 


924 


54 




34.94 


88 


843 


82 


18 


920 


53.5 




34 


87.65 


844 


81.67 


18.33 


916 


53 


36 


33.88 


87.3 


845 


81.33 


18.67 


912 


52.5 






87 


846 


81 


19 


908 


52 






86.7 


847 


80.5 


19.5 


903 


51 


36.5 


33.42 


86.35 


848 


80 


20 


898 


50 






86 


849 


79.67 


20.33 


893 


49.5 






85.65 


850 


79.33 


20.67 


888 


49 


35 


33 


85.3 


851 


79 


21 


883 


48.5 






85 


852 


78.5 


21.5 


878 


48 


34.5 


32.43 


84.7 


853 


78 


22 


873 


47.5 






84.35 


854 


77.5 


22.5 


868 


47 






84 


855 


77 


23 


862.5 


46.5 


34 


32.04 


83.65 


856 


76.5 


23.5 


857 


46 






83.3 



28 



INTRODUCTION. 



















Sp. gr. at 
D03 Pah. 


100 parts contain of 
Alcohol 1 
sp. gr. Water. 
796. 

By weight. 


J 1000 parts 
coatain of 

standard 

ale. sp. gr. 

825. 


Sikes. 


Baume. 


Cartier. 


Per cent, of 

alcohol, 

sp. gr. 796 

by volume. 

Gay Lussac. 


857 


76 


24 


853 


45.5 O. P. 


33.5 


31.58 


83 


858 


75.67 


24.33 


849 


45 






82.7 


859 


75.33 


24.67 


844.5 


45 






82.35 


860 


75 


25 


840 


45 


33 


31.13 


82 


861 


74.67 


25.33 


836.5 


44.5 




31 


81.7 


862 


74.33 


25.67 


833 


44 






81.3 


862.5 


74.16 


25.84 


830.5 


43.75 


32.5 


30.76 


80 


863 


74 


26 


828 


43.5 






80.8 


864 


73.5 


26.5 


823 


43 






80.3 


865 


73 


27 


818 


42.5 


32 


30.21 


79.95 


866 


72.5 


27.5 


813 


42 






79.6 


867 


72 


28 


810 


41 






79.3 


867.5 


71.83 


28.17 


808.5 


40.5 


31.5 


29.78 


79.15 


868 


71.67 


28.33 


807 


40 






79 


869 


71.33 


28.67 


802.5 


39.5 






78.65 


870 


71 


29 


798 


39 


31 


29.29 


78.3 


871 


70.5 


29.5 


792.5 


38.5 






78 


872 


70 


30 


787 


38 




29 


77.7 


873 


69.5 


30.5 


781.5 


37 


30.5 


28.83 


77.35 


874 


69 


31 


776 


36 






77 


875 


68.67 


31.33 


772 


35 






76.5 


876 


68.33 


31.67 


768 


34 


30 


28.38 


76 


877 


68 


32 


762.5 


33 






75.65 


877.5 


67.75 


32.25 


759.25 


32.5 




28 


75.5 


878 


67.5 


32.5 


757 


32 






75.3 


878.5 


67.25 


32.75 


753.75 


31.5 


29.5 


27.91 


75 


879 


67 


33 


751.5 


31 






74.8 


880 


66.5 


33.5 


746 


30 






74.3 


881 


66 


34 


742 


29.5 


29 


27.44 


74 


882 


65.5 


34.5 


738 


29 






73.7 


883 


65 


35 


733.5 


28.5 




27 


73.35 


883.5 


64.83 


35.17 


731.25 


28.25 


28.5 


26.99 


73.17 


884 


64.67 


35.33 


729 


28 








885 


64.33 


35.67 


724 


27.5 






72.5 


886 


64 


36 


719 


27 


28 


26.53 


72 


887 


63.67 


36.33 


714 


26 






71.5 


888 


63.33 


36.67 


709 


25 






71 


889 


63 


37 


704 


24.5 


27.5 


26.07 


70.65 


890 


62.5 


37.5 


699 


24 






70.3 


891 


62 


38 


694 


23 






69.8 


892 


61.5 


38.5 


689 


22 


27 


25.61 


69.3 


893 


61 


39 


644.5 


21 






69 


894 


60.67 


39.33 


680 


20 






68.7 


895 


60.33 


39.67 


675.5 


19.5 






68.35 


895.5 


60.16 


39.84 


673.25 


19.25 


26.5 


25.15 


68.17 


896 


60 


40 


671 


19 




25 


68 


897 


59.5 


40.5 


666.5 


18 






67.65 


898 


59 


41 


662 


17 


26 


24.69 


67.3 


899 


58.5 


41.5 


655.5 


16 






67 


900 


58 


42 


649 


15 






66.7 


900.5 


57.75 


42.25 


647 


14.75 


25.5 


24.23 


66.52 


901 


57.5 


42.5 


645 


14.5 






66.35 


901.5 


57.25 


42.25 


643 


14.25 




24 


66.17 



INTRODUCTION. 



29 



Sp. gr. at 
603 Fah. 


100 parts contain of 
Alcohol 1 
sp.gr. Water. 
796. 

By weight. 


1000 parts 
contain of 
standard, 
ale. sp. gr. 
825. 


Sikes. 


Baume. 


Cartier. 


Per cent, of 

alcohol, 
sp.gr. 796 
by volume. 

Gay Lussac. 


902 


57 


43 


641 


14 O. P. 






66 


903 


56.5 


43.5 


636 


13 


25 


23.77 


65.5 


904 


56 


44 


631 


12 






65 


905 


55.5 


44.5 


626 


11.5 






64.5 


906 


55 


45 


621 


11 


24.5 


23.31 


64 


907 


54.5 


45.5 


616.5 


10.5 






63.65 


908 


54 


46 


612 


10 




23 


63.3 


909 


53.5 


46.5 


607 


9 


24 


22.85 


62.65 


910 


53 


47 


602 


8 






62.3 


911 


52.5 


47.5 


595.5 


7.5 






61.9 


912 


52 


48 


591 


7 


23.5 


22.39 


61.5 


913 


51.67 


48.33 


586 


6 






61 


914 


51.33 


48.67 


581 


5 






60.5 


915 


51 


49 


576 


4 


23 


21.94 


60 


916 


50.5 


49.5 


571 


3 






59.6 


917 


50 


50 


560.5 


2 






59.3 


918 


49.67 


50.33 


562 


1 


22.5 


21.48 


59 


919 


49.33 


50.67 


554 


.5 






58.5 


920 


49 


51 


550 


Proof 






58 


921 


48.5 


51.5 


545 


1 U. P. 


22 


21.02 


57.5 


922 


48 


52 


540 


2 






57 


923 


47.5 


52.5 


535.5 


3 


21.5 


20.56 


56.5 


924 


47 


53 


531 


4 






56 


925 


46.5 


53.5 


526 


5 






55.5 


926 


46 


54 


521 


6 


21 


20.10 


55 


927 






515.5 


6.5 








928 


45 


55 


510 


7 






54 


929 


44.5 


55.5 


505 


8 






53.5 


929.5 


44.25 


55.75 


502.5 


8.5 


20.5 


19.64 


53.25 


930 


44 


56 


500 


9 






53 


931 


43.67 


56.33 


495.5 


10 






52.5 


932 


43.33 


56.67 


489 


11 






52 


933 


43 


57 


484 


12 


20 


19.18 


51.5 


934 


42.5 


57.5 


479 


13 




19 


51 


935 


42 


58 


472.5 


14 






50.5 


936 


41.5 


58.5 


468 


15 


19.5 


18.72 


50 


937 


41 


59 


462 


16 






49.5 


938 


40.5 


59.5 


456 


17 






49 


939 


40 


60 


450 


18 


19 


18.26 


48.5 


940 


39.5 


60.5 


444 


19 






48 


940.5 


39.25 


60.75 


441 


19.5 




18 


47.63 


941 


39 


61 


438 


20 






47.25 


942 


38.5 


61.5 


432 


21 


18.5 


17.80 


46.5 


943 


38 


62 


426.5 


22 






45 


944 


37.5 


62.5 


421 


23 






45.5 


945 


37 


63 


416 


23.5 


18 


17.35 


44.75 


946 


36.5 


63.5 


411 


24 






44 


947 


36 


64 


399 


25 




17 


43.5 


948 


35.5 


64.5 


397 


26 


17.5 


16.89 


43 


949 


35 


65 


389.5 


27 






42.25 


950 


34.5 


65.5 


382 


28 






41.5 


951 


34 


66 


376 


29.5 


17 


16.43 


40 


952 


33.5 


66.5 


370 


31 






40.5 



30 



INTRODUCTION. 



















Sp. gr. at 

60= Fah. 


100 parts contain of 
Alcohol 1 

sp.gr. Water. 1 
79U. 

By weight. 


1000 parts 
contain of 
standard 
ale. sp. gr. 
825. 


SHces. 


Baunie. 


I Per cent, of 
i alcohol, 
Cartier. sp.gr. 796 
I by volume. 
|Gay Lussac. 


953 


33 


67 ! 


364 


32.5 U. P. 




1 


39.75 


954 


32.5 


67.5 


358 


34 






39 


955 


32 


68 


352 


35 


16.5 


16.3 


38.5 


956 


31.5 


68.5 


346 


36 




16 


38 


957 


31 


69 


339.5 


37.5 






37.25 


958 


30 


70 


333 


39 






36.5 


959 


29.5 


70.5 


324 


40.5 


16 


15.51 


35.75 


960 


29 


71 


315 


42 






35 


961 


28.5 


71.5 


307.5 


43.5 






34.5 


962 


28 


72 


300 


45 


15.5 


15 


34 


963 


27 


73 


292.5 


46.5 






33 


964 


26.5 


73.5 


285 


48 






32 


965 


26 


74 


277.5 


49.5 


15 


14.59 


31 


966 


25.5 


74.5 


270 


51 






30 


967 


25 


75 


261.5 


52.5 






29 


968 


24 


76 


253 


54 






28 


968.5 


23.75 


76.25 






14.5 


14.13 


27.5 


969 


23.5 


76.5 


244.5 


55.5 






27 


970 


23 


77 


236 


57 






26 


971 


22.5 


77.5 


227 


58.5 






25 


972 


22 


78 


218 


60 


14 


13.67 


24 


973 


21 


79 


209 


62 






23 


974 


20 


80 


200 


64 






22 


975 


19 


81 


195 


66 


13.5 


13.21 


21 


976 


18.5 


81.5 


190.5 


68 






20 


977 


18 


82 


183.5 


70 






19 


978 


17 


83 


175 


72 


13 


12.76 


18 


979 


16 


84 


163 


73.5 






17 


980 


15.5 


84.5 


150 


75 






16 


981 


15 


85 


143 


76 






15 


982 


14 


86 


135 


77 


12.5 


12.30 


14 


983 


13.5 


86.5 


128 


78.5 






13 


984 


13 


87 


120 


80 






12 


985 


12.5 


87.5 


112 


81 






11.25 


986 


12 


88 


105 


82 


12 


11.84 


10.5 


987 


11 


89 


98 


83.5 






9.75 


988 


10 


90 


90 


85 






9 


989 


9 


91 


82 


87 


11.5 


11.38 


8 


990 


8 


92 


75 


89 






7 


991 


7 


93 


67.5 


90.5 






6.5 


992 


6 


94 


60 


92 






6 


993 


5.5 


94.5 


52.5 


93.5 


11 


10.92 


5 


994 


5 


95 


45 


95 






4 


995 


4 


96 


37.5 


95.5 






3.5 


996 


3.5 


96.5 


30 


96 


10.5 


10.46 


3 


997 


3 


97 


22.5 


97 






2 


998 


2 


98 


15 


98 






1 


999 


1 


99 


7.5 


99 






.5 


1000 





100 




1 


100 


10 


10 






INTRODUCTION. 



31 



SPECIFIC GRAVITIES OF SOME OF THE PREPARATIONS ORDERED 
IN THE PHARMACOPOEIAS. 



The London Pharmacopoeia directs the Specific Gravity to be taken at a temperature of 62 c 
Fahr. The Edinburgh, Dublin, and U. S. Pharmacopoeias at 60° Fahr. 



Ace turn Destillatum Edin. 

Dublin 

Acidum Aeeticuni London 

U.S. 

Edin. 

- - - - - - Dublin 

Dilutum - Dublin 

Hydrochloricum .... London, U. S. 

. .... Edin. 

.... Dublin 

Dilutum .... Edin. 

.... U.S. 

.... Dublin 

Hydrocyanicum .... Dublin 

Nitricuin London, U. S. 

- - - - Edin. 

Dilutum .... London, U. S. 

- : - - Edin. 

.... Dublin 

Phosphoricuin Dilutum ... London 

Sulphuricum London, U. S. 

Edin. 

Dublin 

Sulphuricum venale ... - Dublin 

Sulphuricum Dilutum ... London 

.... Edin. U. S. 

.... Dublin 

iEther Nitrosus Dublin 

Sulphuricus London, U. S. 

Edin. 

Dublin 

Alcohol London 

U.S. 

Edin. 

- Dublin 

Dilutum U.S. 

Aqua Destillata L. E. D. 

Ammoniae Edin. 

Dublin 

Acetatis Edin. 

Dublin 

Ammoniac Carbonatis .... Dublin 

Barytae Muriatia Dublin 

Calcis Muriatis Dublin 

Aqua Potassae Edin. 

Dublin 

Carbonatis Dublin 

Potassii Sulphureti Dublin 

Sodae Carbonatis - - - -" Dublin 



Sp. gr. 

1.005 
1.005 
1.048 
1.063 

to 
1.068 
1.074 
1.005 
1.160 
1.170 
1.160 
1.050 
1.046 
1.080 

.998 
1.500 
1.500 
1.080 
1.077 
1.280 
1.064 
1.845 
1.845 
1.845 
1.850 
1.110 
1.090 
1.084 
0.900 
0.750 
0.735 
0.766 
0.815 
0.835 
0.796 
0.810 
0.935 
1.000 
0.960 
0.950 
1.011 
1.011 
1.090 
1.230 
1.202 
1.072 
1.080 
1.320 
1.117 
1.024 



32 INTRODUCTION. 



Sp. gr. 

Liquor Ammonias London 0.960 

Fortior London, U. S. 0.882 

Plumbi Diacetatis London 1.260 

Potassas London 1.063 

Carbonatis ... - London 1.473 

Oleum iEthereum London 1.05 

U.S.' 1.096 

Spiritus iEthereus Nitrosus .... Dublin 0.850 

JEtheris Nitrici London, U.S. 0.834 

■ Edin. 0.847 

Sulphurici .... Edin. 0.809 

Ammonias London 0.860 

■ - - - - - - U.S. 0.831 

Aromaticus - London 0.914 

Foetidus .... London 0.861 

Rectificatus London 0.838 

Edin. 0.838 

Dublin 0.840 

Tenuior London 0.920 

Edin. 0.912 

Dublin 0.919 

Tinctura Ferri Sesquichloridi ... - London 0.992 



RELATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT THERMOMETRICAL SCALES. 

The thermometer always used in this country is that of Fahrenheit; it is also used 
in parts of Germany. 

In this instrument, the range between the freezing and boiling points of water is 
divided into 180°, and as the greatest possible degree of cold was supposed to be that 
produced by mixing snow and salt together, it was made the zero. Hence, the freezing 
point became 32°, and the boiling point 212°. 

The Centigrade thermometer places the zero at the freezing point of water, and 
divides the range between the freezing and boiling points into 100°. This scale has 
long been used in Sweden, under the title of Celsius's thermometer, and is generally 
adopted on the Continent. 

Reaumur's thermometer, which was formerly used in France, divides the space 
between the freezing and boiling points of water into 80°, and places the zero at the 
freezing point. It is now little employed. 

Le Lisle's thermometer is used in Russia. The graduation begins at the boiling 
point, and increases towards the freezing point. The boiling point is marked 0°, and 
the freezing point 150°. 

To reduce Centigrade degrees to those of Fahrenheit. 
Rule. — Multiply by 9, divide by 5, and add 32. 

Cent. Fahr. 

Thus, 40 x 9 ~ 5 + 32 = 104. 

To reduce Fahrenheit's degrees to those of Centigrade. 
Rule. — Subtract 32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9. 

Fahr. Cent 

Thus, 104 — 32 x 5-?- 9 = 40. 
To reduce Reaumur's degrees to those of Fahrenheit. 



Rule. — Multiply by 9, divide by 4, and add 32. 

Reaumur. Fahr. 

Thus, 32 X 9 H- 4 + 32 = 104. 



INTRODUCTION. 33 



To reduce Fahrenheit's degrees to those of Reaumur. 
Rule. — Subtract 32, multiply by 4, and divide by 9. 

Fahr. Reaum. 

Thus, 104 — 32 x 4^9 = 32. 

To reduce Reaumur's degrees to those of Centigrade. 
Rule. — Multiply by 5, and divide by 4. 

Reaum. Cent. 

Thus, 32 x 5-f-4 = 40. 
To reduce Centigrade degrees to those of Reaumur. 
Rule. — Multiply by 4, and divide by 5. 

Cent. Reaum. 

Thus, 40 x 4-h5 = 32. 



EXPLANATION OF THE PRINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONS OCCURRING 
IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULA. 

R. Recipe — Take. 

F. S. A. Fiat secundum artem — Let it be made or prepared according to the rules 
of the art. 

M. Misce— Mix. 

M. S. D. Misce, signa, da — Mix the medicine, and deliver it afterwards, with the 
requisite instruction, to the patient (or nurse) in writing. 

M. F. P. Misce fiat pulvis — Mix to form a powder. 

M. F. Mixt. Misce fiat mixtura — Mix to form a liquid mixture. 

M. F. Pil. Misce fiant pilulas— Mix to form pills. 

Div. Divide — Divide. 

Sol. Solve — Dissolve. 

Fasc.j. Fasciculus — An armful. 

Man.j. Manipulus — A handful, a gripe. 

Pugil. j. Pugillus or Pugillum — A pinch. 

Cyat. j. Cyathus — A glassful. 

Cochl. j. Cochlear or cochleare — A spoonful. 

G-utt. Gutta — Drop. 

No. 1, 2, 3, &c. The number of pieces or parts. 

Ana, or aa. Of each. 

P. Ae. Partes sequales — Equal parts. 

Q. S. Quantum sufiicit — As much as will suffice. 

Q. L. Quantum libet — As much as you like. 

Q. V. Quantum volueris — As much as you like. 

ft. Libra — A pound. 

3. Uncia — An ounce. 

5- Drachma — A drachm or dram. 

9- Scrupulus — A scruple. 

Gr. Granum — A grain. 

Pil. Pilula— A pill. 

Pot. Potio — A potion. 

Pulv. Pulvis — A powder. 

Tine. Tinctura — A tincture. 

Ext. Extractum — An extract. 

Chart. Chartula — A small paper. 

Collyr. Collyrium — An eye water. 

Collutor. Collutorium — A mouth wash. 

Cong. Congius — A gallon. 

0. Octarius — A pint. 



34 INTRODUCTION. 

fg. Fluicluncia — A fiuidounce. 
f5- Flui drachma — A fluidrachm. 
rri. Minimum — A minim. 
Decoct. Decoction — A decoction. 
Garg. Gargarisnia — A gargle. 
Haust. Haustus — A draught. 
Infus. Infusum — An infusion. 
Mass. Massa — A mass. 
Mist. Mistura — A mixture. 
Ss. Semis — A half. 

The use of the Latin language for prescriptions and for the accompanying directions 
is universal in Europe, except in France, where, although the prescription itself may 
be in Latin, the directions are usually given in French ; this is also the case in the 
United States, where few, if any, physicians give the directions for the use and mode 
of administration of a formula in any other language than English. As, however, it 
often becomes of importance to refer to the prescriptions of foreign practitioners, the 
following table, from Mowbray's Conspectus, is introduced : — 

A VOCABULARY 

Of the Words most frequently occurring in the Prescriptions of Physicians. 

A. 

A, aa, or ana, of each ingredient ; more promptly expressed by the genitive case 
plural (singulorum) of each ; for instance : 
R. — Aquae cinnamon, tinct. rhei, aa Jij, means 

Take of cinnamon-water, and tincture of rhubarb, of each two drachms. 

Abdomen, the belly. Gen. — inis, of the belly. Dat. — ini, to the belly. 

Absente febre, while the fever is off. 

Accurate (adverb), accurately. Accurate pensi, weighed with the utmost exactness. 
Accurate misceantur, mix very completely. 

Aciditas, sharpness. Ad gratam aciditatem, make it just acid enough to be palatable, 
and not to sour. 

Acme, the height of a fever or any other disease. 

Ad, to. Ad duas vices, at twice taking. Ad libitum, as you like. 

Adde, add. Addantur, let there be added. Addendus, to be added. Addendo, add- 
ing. 

Admoveatur, let there be applied — antur, plural, when more than one is to be applied. 

Adstante febre, while the fever is on. 

iEger, a sick person, a patient. iEgra, a female patient. 

Aggrediente febre, when the fever is coming on. 

Aggressus, an attack. Aggressus febris, the attack of a fever. 

Agitato vase, shaking the phial. 

Albus, white. 

Aliquot, some. Aliquoties, sometimes. 

Alter, altera, alteram, the other. 

Alternus, alternate. Alternis horis, every second hour. Alternis diebus, every alter- 
nate day. 

Aluta, leather. Extende super alutam mollem, spread on soft leather. 

Alvus, the belly, the bowels. Adstricta alvo, when costive. 

Amplus, large. Cochleare amplum, a tablespoonful. 

Ante, before. Ut ante, as before. 

Antemeridianus, in the forenoon ; any time before twelve o'clock at noon. 

Apparatus, any sort of preparation, instruments, or, in short, everything that is re- 
quisite to be had in readiness for performing any sort of operation. Also, the 
more delicate term for a bladder and pipe for 

Aperiens, opening, gently purging. 

Applicetur, let there be applied. 



INTRODUCTION. 35 

Aqua, water. Aquas, of water. Aqua bulliens, Aqua fervens, boiling water. 
Armatus, armed. Fistula armata, an apparatus for clysters; a pipe and bladder. 
Auris, the ear. Auri ; to the ear. Aures, ears. Auribus, to the ears. 
Aut, or. 

B. 

Bene, well. 

Bibat, let him drink. 

Biduum, two days. Omni biduo vel tridu6, every two or three days. 

Bihorium, the space of two hours. Omni bihorio, every two hours. 

Bis, twice ; bis, terve, twice or thrice. 

Bullio, to boil ; bulliens, boiling. Aquae bullientis, of boiling water. 

Bulliant, let them boil. 

C. 

Calefactus, made warm. 

Capiat, let (the patient) take. Capt. cochl. iij magn., three tablespoonfuls to be taken. 

Catharticus, purging. 

Caute, cautiously. 

Cerevisia, beer. Cerevisia Londinensis, porter. 

Charta, paper. Charta caerulea, blue paper. Chartula, a little piece of paper. Cola 
trans chartam, filter through paper. 

Cibus, food. 

Circa, about. Circiter, about. 

Citd, soon, quickly. Citissime (the superlative degree), as quick as possible. 

Clausus, clausa, clausum, covered. Vase clauso, in a covered vessel. 

Cochleare, a spoonful. Coehlearia, spoonfuls. Coch. magnum, amplum, a table- 
spoonful. Co. infantulorum, coch. modicum, child's spoonful, a dessertspoonful. 
Co. parvum, a teaspoonful. 

Coctio, a boiling. Sub finem coctionis, towards the end of the boiling, when almost 
boiled. 

Caeruleus, blue. Charta cgerul., blue paper. Unguentum casruleum, mercurial oint- 
ment. 

Cola (imperat. of Colo), strain, to filter. 

Colatus, strained, filtered. Colato liquori, to the strained liquor. 

Colatura, a straining. Colaturas, to the strained liquor. 

Colatus, let be strained. Colentur, let them be strained. 

Collum, a neck. 

Comp., Compositus, compound. 

Continuo, to continue. Continuantur remedia, go on with the same medicines as last 
prescribed. 

Contundo, to bruise. Contusus, bruised. 

Contusio, a bruise, a contusion. 

Coquo, to boil. Coque, boil. Coque parum, boil a little while. 

Coquantur, let them be boiled. 

Cor, the heart. Scrobiculus cordis, the pit of the stomach. 

Coxa, coxendix, the hip. 

Cras, to-morrow; c. m., eras mane, early to-morrow morning; c. m. s., eras mane 
sumendus, to be taken early to-morrow morning. 

Crastinus (adj.), of to-morrow. In usum crastinum, for to-morrow's use. 

Cribrum, a sieve. Trans cribrum, through a sieve. 

Cujus, of which. Cujus capiat, or sumat, of which (the patient is to) take. 

Cum, with. 

Cyathus, a cup. Cyathus vinarius, a wineglass. Cyath. thcat, a teacup full. 

D. 

Da, give. Detur, dentur (plural), let be given. 

De, of. Be quo, or qua, of which. Dc die, in a day. 



INTRODUCTION. 



Deauratus, gilt. Deaurentur pilulae, let the pills be gilt. 

Debilitas, weakness. 

Decern, ten. Decimus, the tenth. 

Debitus, due. Ad debitam spissitudinein, to a proper degree of thickness, as to con- 
sistence. 

Decubitus, lying down. Hora decubitus, at bedtime. 

Deglutio, to swallow. Deglutiatur, is swallowed — etur, let be swallowed. 

Dein, deinde, then; afterwards. 

Dejectio, a depositing, or putting down, also a going to stool; as, post duas dejectiones 
alvi, after two motions. 

Dejitio, to deposit. Donee alvus bis dejiciat, until the patient shall have had two 
stools. 

Dexter, the right. Manus dextra, the right hand. Auri dextro, to the right ear. 

Dictus, spoken of, said. 

Dies, a day. Die, in a day ; as, bis die, twice a day. Diebus, in days ; as, tertiis 
diebus, every third day. Alternis diebus, every alternate day. 

Dilutum, diluted. 

Dimidium, the half. Dimidius, a, um (adjective), half. 

D.P., Directione propria, with its proper direction. 

Diu, a long time. Tere diu, rub for a long time. 

Diuturnus, long continued. Diuturna trituratione, by long-continued rubbing, or 
grinding in the mortar. Diuturna coctione, by long boiling. 

Dolor, pain. Dolores, pains. Doloris, of the pain. 

Dolens, pained. Parti dolenti, to the pained part. 

Donee, until. Dum, whilst. 

Durante dolore, while the pain continues. 

E. 

Eadem, eandem, the same. Eodem, in the same. 

Effunde, pour out. 

EfFervescentia, the effervescence. 

Effervescet, effervesces. 

Ejusdem, of the same, the genitive case of idem. 

Enema, a clyster. Enemata, clysters. 

Erit, shall be. 

Evanesco, evanui, to disappear. Evanuerit, shall have disappeared. 

Exhibe, exhibeatur, give. Exhibendus, to be given. 

Extendo, to extend, also to spread. Extende super alutam, spread it on leather. 

Extensus, a, um, spread. 

F. 

Fac, make. Fac in pilulas xij, make into twelve pills. 
Farina, flour. Farina seminis lini, linseed meal. 
Febris, a fever. Febre durante, while the fever is on. 
Femur, a thigh. 

Femoribus, to the thighs. Femoribus internis, to the inner sides of the thighs. 
Fervens, boiling. Fervidus fervida, hot. 
Ferventis, of boiling. R aq. ferventis, take of boiling water. 
Finis, the conclusion. Sub finem coctionis, when almost boiled enough. 
Fiat, make (the singular number). Fiant, make (plural). 
Fontana, fountain. Aqua fontana, spring water. 
Formula, prescription. 
Fotus, a fomentation. 

Fuerit, shall have been; as, donee alvus soluta fuerit, until a motion is (or shall have 
been) procured. 

G. 

Gargarisma, a gargle. 

Gelatin a, jelly. Gelatina ribesiorum, currant jelly. Gelatina quo vis, any sort of 



INTRODUCTION. 37 

Globulus, a little ball. G-lobuli Gascoigni, Gascoign's ball. Donee globuli evanue- 

rint, until the globules (of quicksilver) totally disappear (so that they cannot 

be seen even with a microscope). 
Gradatim, by slow degrees. 
Gratus, grata, gratuin, agreeable, pleasant. Ad gratam aciditatem, so as to make it 

pleasantly acid without being too sour. In quovis grato vehiculo, in any 

agreeable vehicle. 
Gutta, a drop. Guttse, drops. Guttas, drops. 
Guttatim, drop by drop. 

H. 

Hac, this. Hac nocte, this night. Hanc, this. Sumat hanc, let him take this. 

Hactenus, hitherto, heretofore, up to the present day. 

Harum, of these. Harum pilularum sumat tres, of these pills let him or her take 
three. 

Haustus, a draught. 

Hebdomada, a week. 

Heri, yesterday. Ut heri, as yesterday. 

Hesternus, of yesterday. Hesterna nocte, last night. 

Hirudo, a leech. Hirudines, leeches. 

His, in these, to these. His adde, add to these. 

Hora, an hour. Horse, of an hour. Horse (plural), hours. 

H.S. (hora somni), at the hour of rest. 

H.S.S. (hora somni sumendus), to be taken at bedtime. Hora decubitus, at the hour 
of going to rest, bedtime. 

Hora vespertina, in the evening. 

Horse unius spatio, in the space of one hour. 

Horse £, horse quadrante, quarter of an hour. 

Horis intermediis, at intermediate hours, when two medicines are to be taken. Horis 
intermediis means that one is to be given exactly at midtime from the 
other: suppose a draught is ordered (to be taken every six hours), and a 
powder horis intermediis, that is every six hours intermediately, then a 
draught will be taken at six o'clock and at twelve, and a powder at three and 
at nine. 

Hujusmodi, of this sort, like these. 

H. p. n., Haustus purgans noster, a formula of purging draught made according to a 
practitioner's own private Pharmacopoeia, and is prepared so as to keep a long 
time without spoiling, that we may not have the trouble of preparing it every 
time a draught is wanted. Mitt. H. p. n. ^ij ad ij Vices c. m. s. Mitte 
Haustus purgantis nostri uncias duas, ad duas Vices eras mane sumendus; 
send two ounces of our purging draught, to be taken to-morrow morning, at 
twice, that is half at first, and the remaining half in an hour if the first do 
not operate. 

I. 

Idoneus, proper, appropriate. 

Idem, eadem, the same. Ejusdem, of the same, the genitive case of idem. 

Imponatur (sing.), let there be put on — nantur (plural). 

Imprimis, first. 

In, in. In die, in a day. 

Indies (an adverb), every day, daily. 

Indicaverit, shows, indicates. 

Infusio, infusum, an infusion. 

Infunde, infundatur, infuse. 

Inter, between. 

Injcctio, injection. 

Inquietudo, restlessness. Ungente inquietudine, if restless. 

Injiciatur, throw in, throw up. Injiciatur enema, let a clyster be administered. 



38 INTRODUCTION. 

Injiciendus, injicienduni, to be administered. 

Instar (an adverb), as big as. Sumat molem instar mucis moschatae, the bigness of 

a nutmeg to be taken. 
Intermedins, intermediate. 
Internus, the inner side. 

J. 

Jam, already. Jampridem, jamdudum, some time ago, heretofore. 
Jugulum, the throat. 

Jusculum, broth. Jusculum ovillum, mutton broth. Jus bovinum, beef tea. 
Juxta, near to. 

L. 

Lac, milk. Lactis, of milk. Lacte, in milk. 

Laevigatas, levigated. 

Lana, flannel. Lana nova, new flannel. 

Languor, faintness, lowness. In languoribus, in the fainting fits, when low and faint. 

Latus, the side. Lateris, of the side. Lateri, to the side. Latus dolens, the pained 

side. Lateri dolenti, to the pained side. 
Latus, lata, latum (adjective), broad. 
Lectus, a bed. In lecto, in bed. 
Liber, a book. 

Libra, a pound. Libris, libras, pounds. 
Linteum, lint ; also linen. 

Liquesco, to liquefy, to melt. Donee liquescat, till it melts. 
Liquidus, liquid. Secies liquidae, loose stools. In quovis liquido, in any liquid. 
Londinensis, of London. Pharmacopoeia Londinensis, the London Dispensatory. 
Lumborum, of the loins. 
Libet (a verb impersonal), it pleases. Ad libitum, just as you please. 

M. 

Magnus, magna, magnum, large. Magnum cochleare, a tablespoonful. 

Major, greater, larger. Cochlearia duo majora, two tablespoonfuls. 

Maximus, the greatest. Maxima cura, with the greatest care. 

Maxime, chiefly. 

Malleolus, the ankle. Malleolus internus, the inner ankle. 

Mane, in the morning. Mane primo ; valde mane, very early in the morning. 

Manus, a hand. Manu calefacta, with a warm hand. 

Massa, a mass. Massa pilularis, a mass fit for forming into pills. 

Matutinus, in the morning or forenoon. 

Mediocris, middle-sized. Pilulae mediocres, middle-sized pills. Cochleare mediocre, 

a dessertspoonful, a pap-spoonful, or a child's spoonful. Mediocris also means 

indifferent, as to quality. 
Medius, middle. Media nocte, in the middle of the night. 
Melior, melius, better. 

Minatur, minaretur, threatens. Minante, threatening. 
Minimus, very small. Cochleare minimum, a teaspoonful. 
Minutum,* a minute. 

Misce, mix. Bene misceatur, let it be well mixed. 
Mite, send. 

Mittatur (singular), let it be sent. Mittantur (plural), let them be sent. 
Mittatur sanguis, take blood away; i. c, bleed the patient. 
Mistura, mixtura, a mixture. 

Mitigatio, mitigation, alleviation. Donee dolor is mitigatio sit, until the pain is easier. 
Mitigatus, a, um, mitigated, lessened. 

* The word minutum, for a minute, is very barbarous Latin; we believe there is no such 
word ; but the right Latin for a minute, Sexagesima pars horse, is as long and as tiresome to write 
as " Semivitreous oxide of lead" for the simple word "Litharge." 



INTRODUCTION. 39 



Modicus, middle-sized. 

Modus, a manner. Modo prsescripto, in the manner directed. 

Moles, a mass, a lump, a piece. Sumat molem instar nucis moschatae, let him (or 
her) take the bigness or size of a nutmeg. 

Mollis, molle, soft. 

Molestus, troublesome. Molestor, to trouble, to be troublesome. Molestante dolore, 
when the pain is troublesome. Molestante tussi, when the cough is trouble- 
some. 

Mora, delay. Sine mora, without delay. 

Mos, moris, manner. More solito, in the usual manner ; also, in the same manner as 
I am in the habit of prescribing it to other people. 

Mortarium, a mortar. Mortario aheneo, in the brass mortar. Mortario marmoreo, 
in the marble mortar. Mort. vitreo, in the glass mortar. 

N. 

Narthecium, a gallipot. 

Nates, the buttocks. 

Ne, lest, also, do not ; as, ne tradas sine nummo, do not deliver the medicine without 
the money. 

Necnon, also. 

Niger, nigra, nigrum, black. 

Ni, nisi, unless. 

Nihil, nothing. 

Nisus, an endeavor, an attempt, a straining, a motion, a straining to vomit, or go to 
stool. 

Nimis, nimium, too much. 

Nodulus, a little knot. Nodulo ligati, tied up in a piece of clean rag. 

Nomen, nominis, a name. Signetur nomine proprio, write its common name upon the 
label. 

Novem, nine. 

Nonus, the ninth. 

Novus, nova, novum, new. 

Novissime, very lately, the last of all. 

Noctc, at night. Noctes, nights. Nocte maneque, night and morning. Alternis 
noctibus, every second night. 

Nuper, lately. Nuperrime, very lately, 

Nucha, the nape of the neck. Nuchaa, to the nape. 

N.M., Nux moschata, a nutmeg. Sumat magnitudinem nucis moschatae, take the big- 
ness of a nutmeg. 

Numeri. Numbers. 

7. or vij. septem, seven. 



or j . unus, una, unum, one. 

unius, of one. 
ij. duo, du93, two. 

duorum, of two. 

duobus, in two, to two. 
iij. tres, tria, three. 

tribus, in three, to three. 

trium, of three. 

ter, three times, 
iv. quatuor, four. 

quartus, a, um, fourth. 

quater, four times. 
v. quinque, five. 

quintus, fifth, 
vj. sex, six. 

sextus, sixth. 



septimus, seventh, 
septimana, or, 
7 mana, a week. 

8. viij. octo, eight. 

octavus, eighth. 

9. ix. novem, nine. 

nonus, ninth. 

10. x. decern, ten. 

decimus, tenth. 

11. xj. undecim, eleven. 

12. xij. duodecim, twelve. 
20. xx. viginti, twenty. 
24. xxiv. viginti quatuor, 

twenty-four. 



40 INTRODUCTION. 

0. 

Obstante, hindering, preventing. 

Occasio, occasion, opportunity. 

Octo, eight. 

Octavus, eighth. Octava quaque hora, every eighth hour. 

Olim, some time ago. 

Olla, a pot, a gallipot. 

Omnis, all. Omni mane, every morning. Omni hora, every hour. Omni bihorio, 
every two hours. Omni nocte, every night. Omni | hora, Omni quadrante 
horse, every quarter of an hour. Tere omnia, rub all together. 

Omnino, quite, wholly, entirely. 

Optimo, very well, as well as possible. 

Optimus, ma, mum, best. 

Opus, need, occasion. Si opus sit, or fuerit, if it be necessary. 

Ovillum jusculum, mutton broth. 

Ovum, an egg. Vitell. ovi, the yolk of an egg. Ovorum, of eggs. 

P. 

Pannus, a rag. Pannus linteus, a linen rag. Pannus laneus, Pannus e lana, a piece 
of flannel. 

Paroxysmus, a paroxysm, a fit, a convulsion fit. 

Pars, a part. Partes, parts. Parti dolenti, to the pained part. 

Partitus, parted. Partitus vicibus means that you are not to give a medicine all at 
once, but divide the dose according to the directions most commonly previously 
given; for example, if a purging or emetic draught, half or a third (as the 
case may be) to be taken at first, and the other half or third at a certain dis- 
tance of time, if the former quantity be not found sufficient to produce the 
desired effect. 

Parvus, little. Cochleare parvum, a teaspoonful. 

Parum, a little. Parumper, a little. 

Pauculum, pauxillum, paululum, a little. 

Pectus, the breast. Pectoris, of the breast. 

Pediluvium, a bath for the feet. 

Per, by, or through. 

Pergo, to go on with. Pergat in usu medicinarum, continue the medicines as before. 

Peractus, f completed, perfected, quite done, gone through with; as, Peracta ope- 

Perfectus, ( ratione emetici, after the emetic has quite done operating. 

Perfricetur, let it be rubbed. Perfricandus, to be rubbed. 

Pensus, weighed. Accurate pensi, exactly weighed. 

Perpetuus, perpetual. Fiat perpetuum, keep it open (when it refers to a blister). 

Pluvialis, also pluviatilis aqua, rain-water. 

Pharmacopoeia, the dispensatory. 

Pollex, the thumb. Pollex pedis, the great toe. 

Pomeridianus, postmeridianus, in the evening or afternoon, time of the day. 

P. R. N., Pro re nata, occasionally, according as circumstances may occur, according 
as the symptoms may require. 

Poculum, a cup. 

Pomum, an apple. Pomi, of an apple. 

Pone, behind. Pondere, by weight. 

Porro, moreover. Post, after. Postea, then, afterwards. 

P. M., Post meridiem, afternoon, in the afternoon, after twelve o'clock at noon. 

Potus, drink, any kind of beverage. 

Postulet, postulent, may require, demand. 

Prsecipue, especially. 

Prseparatus, prepared. 

Praeparo, to prepare. Praeparentur, let them be prepared. 



INTRODUCTION. 41 

Primus, ma, mum, the first. Primo, first of all. Primo mane, very early in the 

morning. 
Prior, prius, the former, the first. 
Priusquam, before that. 
Pro, for. Pro re nata, p. r. n., occasionally, &e. Pro ratione, according to, or, in 

proportion to ; as, pro ratione setatis, according to the age of the patient. 
Proprius, a, um, proper. S. N. P., Signetur nomine proprio, mark it with its proper 

direction. 
Pruritus, an itching. Pruriens, itching. Dolichos pruriens, cowhage. 
Psora, the itch. 

Pulvis, a powder. Pulveres, powders. Pulveribus, in powders. 
Purificatus, a, um, purified. 
Pyxis, pyxidis, a pill-box, or lozenge-box. 



Quadrans, quadrantis, quadrante, quarter. Omni quadrante horas, every quarter of 

an hour. 
Quacum, with which. 

Quamprimum, as soon as possible, without the least delay. 
Quartus, a, um, the fourth. 
Quaqua, every. Quavis (foem), with any. 
Quater, four times. Quatuor, four. Quarta pars, a fourth part. 

que (at the end of any Latin word), and. 

Quern, quam, quod, which (the accusative case). 

Qui, quae, quod, which (the nominative case). 

Quibus, to which, with which. 

Quibusdam, to or with some. Cum guttis quibusdam, with a few drops. 

Quilibet, quaslibet, quodlibet, gen. Cujuslibet, abl. Quolibet, any. 

Quiescat, goes to rest, is easier. 

Quinque, five. Quintus, a, um, the fifth. Quinquies, five times. 

Quinquina (cinchona), Peruvian bark. 

Q. 8. — q. s., Quantum sufficiat, as much as may be sufficient. 

Quorum, quarum, of which. Quos, quas, which. Quocum, quacum, with which. 

Quovis, with any. 

R. 

Ratio, a reason, also a proportion. Pro ratione astatis, according to the age of the 
patient. Pro ratione doloris, according to the urgency of the pain. 

Baucedo, hoarseness. 

Recipe, take. Recipe (taken substantively), a prescription. 

Regio, a region (an anatomical term for certain parts of the body) ; as, regio epigas- 
trica, the epigastric region; regio lumborum, the region of the loins; appl. 
einplastr. regioni umbilicali, to the umbilical region or parts in the neighbor- 
hood of the navel. 

Rcdigo, to reduce. Redige, reduce. Rcdigetur, may be reduced. Redigatur, let it 
be reduced. 

Redactus, a, um, reduced. In pulv. redact., reduced to powder. 

Refrixerit — pi. int — the subjunctive future of refrigesco, to cool. 

Rcliquus, a, um, the rest, the remaining part. 

Remedium, a remedy. Continuandur rcmedia, go on with the same medicines as be- 
fore. 

Repetatur, let be repeated, repeat. 

Itepetendus, to be repeated. 

Rc^pondeo, respondent, shall have answered. Donee alvus ad sedes ij vel iij re- 
spondent, until two or three stools shall have been procured. 

Ribes, currants. Gelatina ribesiorum, currant jelly. 

Ruber, rubra, rubrum, red. 
o 



42 INTRODUCTION. 

Rubus, ida^us, raspberry. 
Retinendus, to be retained, or kept. 

_S. 
S.Y.Fi., Spiritus vinosus rectificatus, rectified spirit of wine. 
S.V., Ten, or tenuis, proof spirit. 
Saspe, often; sa)pius, oftener; saspissiine, very often. 
Saltern, at least. 

Sanguis, blood — inis, of blood. Sanguinis missura, blood-letting. 
Saphena vena, the ankle vein. 

Scapula, the shoulder blade. Inter scapulas, between the shoulders. 
Scilicet, to wit, namely. 
Scrobiculus cordis, the pit of the stomach. 
Secundus, a, um (adjective), second. 
Secundum (preposition), according to. 
S.A., Secundum artem, according to art; that is, you are to use your own ingenuity 

to do it in the most proper and scientific way. 
Sed, but. 

Sedes, a stool — plural, stools. 

Semi, or semis, half. Semihora, half an hour. Semi drachma, half a drachm. 
Sesqui, one and a half, as sesquihora, an hour and a half. Sesquiuncia, or sescuncia, 

an ounce and a half. Sesquidrachma, a drachm and a half. Remember well 

to attend to the difference of these two words, for many young men, by not 

knowing that sesqui means one and a half, but confounding it with semi ; have 

made bad mistakes. 
Semper, always. 
Semel, once. 
Septem, seven. 

Septimana, a week, seven days. Septimus, seventh. 
Sequens, following. 

Serum lactis, whey. In sero lactis vinoso, in wine whey. 
Serum is also the watery part of the blood which separates from the red part, or 

crassamentum, on standing until cold. 
Sex, six ; sextus, sixth. 
Si, if. Sive, or; whether. 
Signatura, a label or direction. 
Signetur, let it be marked, directed, written upon. 

S.N.P., Signetur nomine proprio, mark it with the name it is usually known by. 
Simul, together; as, terantur simul, let them be rubbed together. Simul ac, at the 

same time that. 
Sine, without. Sine mora, without delay. 
Singultus, hiccup. 

Singulus, a, um, each; in singulis, in each; singulorum, of each. 
Sinister, tra, train, the left. Auri sinistro, to the left ear. 
Satis, thirst; si sitiat, if thirsty. 
Solitus, accustomed. 
Solus, alone; only. 
Solutus, a, um, dissolved, also loosened; as, donee alvus soluta fuerit, until a stool is 

procured. 
Solve, dissolve. 

Somnus, sleep. Hora somni, at bed-time. 
Spina, the spine, the backbone; also, a thorn. 
Spissus, thick. Spissitudo, thickness of consistence, 
Statim, directly, immediately. 
Stent, let them stand. Stet, let it stand. 
Sternutatorius pulvis, sneezing powder, snuff. 
Stupa, tow. 
Sub, subter, under. Sub finem coctionis, when the boiling is almost finished. Sub, 



INTRODUCTION. 43 

prefixed to a word, implies diminution, or a process not completed; also, in 
many words has the same signification as the termination ish in English words, 
as sub-niger, blackish, not quite black. Subtepidus, lukewarm. For its 
meaning when applied to terms of chemistry, as subcarbonas, submurias, the 
pupil must study his chemical nomenclature. 

Subactus, a, um, subdued, dissolved. 

Subitus, a, um, Subitaneus, sudden. Subito (adv.), suddenly. 

Subtepidus, a little warm, lukewarm. 

Subige, dissolve it, make it unite. Subdue quicksilver with lard or balsam of sulphur. 

Subinde, frequently, now and then. 

Subtilis, subtile, reduced to fine powder. Pulv. subtilissimus, the very finest powder. 

Sumat, let him take. Sumatur, sumantur, let it be taken, take. 

Sudor, sweat. 

Superbibo, to drink after taking anything ; as, chamomile tea or warm water after an 
emetic; or a cup of water or any liquid medicine to wash down a dose of any 
sort of pills. 

Superinfundo, to pour upon. 

Supra, above. Supradictus, above mentioned. 

Syncope, a fainting fit. 

T. 

Tabellae, tabulae, lozenges. 

Talis, such. Sumat talem, let him take such a one as this. 

Talus, the ankle. 

Tarn, so. Tamen, yet. 

Tactus, the touch. 

Taenia, the tapeworm. 

Tempus, temporis, time. 

Tempora, the temples. Temporibus, to the temples. Tempori dextro,. to the right 
temple. Tempori sinistro, to the left temple. 

Temperies, temperamentum, temperament, degree of .heat. 

Tenacitas, tenacity. Ad debitam tenacitatem, of a proper degree of tenacity or con- 
sistence. 

Teneo, to hold. Tenendus, to be held. 

Tenuis, weak, thin, small, slender. 

Tepefactus, warmed, made warm. 

Ter, three times, thrice. Ter quaterve, three or four times. 

Teres, teretis, round, taper; also, teres is a name for the long and round worm infest- 
ing the human body, qu. d. vermis teres. 

Tergum, the back. A tergo, behind. 

Tero, to rub. Tere (imperative), rub. Terendus, to be rubbed. Terantur, let them 
be rubbed. 

Tertius, tertia, tertium, the third. 

Tcstacea, the prepared powders made of oyster-shells, egg-shells, crabs' claws, &c. 

Thorax, the chest. Thoracis, of the chest. 

Thus, frankincense. 

Tinea capitis, scald head. 

Torrefactus, toasted. 

Tres, tria, three ; tribus, in three, to three. 

Triduum, three days. 

Trituratio, a grinding. Trituratus, triturated, ground. Tritus, ground. 

T.O., Tinctura Opii, what is commonly called Laudanum. 

T.O.C., Tinctura Opii Camphorata, Camphorated Tincture of Opium, called, formerly, 
Paregoric Elixir. This tincture is now called by the London College, in the 
late reform of the Pharmacopoeia, edit. 1809, Tinctura Camphorae Composita. 

Trans, through. Cola trans chartam, filter through filtering-paper. 

Tussis, a cough. Tussi molestante, when the cough is troublesome. 



44 INTRODUCTION. 



Ultimus, ultima, urn, the last. Ultimo prescript, which was last prescribed. 
Umbilicus, the navel. 
Una (an adverb), together. 

Uncia, an ounce. Unciam cum semisse, an ounce and a half. 
Undecim, eleven. 

Unus, una, unum, one. Unius, of one. Uni, to one. 
Urgente tussi, when the cough is troublesome. 
Urgeo, to urge, to oppress, to be troublesome or painful. 

Usus, use. Pergat in usu remedioruin, continue the use of the medicine as before 
TJsque ad, up to, as far as. 
Ut, as, that, so that; in the same manner as. 
Utendus, to be used. 
Utatur, let him make use of. 

Uterque, utraque, utrumque, both. Utriusque, of both. Utrique, to both, to either. 
Admoveantur hirundines ij tempori utrique, apply two leeches to each temple. 
Utriuslibet, of whichever of the two, or more, the patient likes best. 

V. 

Vaccinatio, the act of inoculating for the cowpock. 

Variola? vaccina?, the cowpock. 

Vaccinum lac, cow's milk. 

Valde, very, very much. 

Valeo, to avail ; si non valeat ; if it does not answer. 

Variola?, the smallpox. 

Varicella, the chickenpox. 

Vas, a vessel. Vasis, of a vessel. Vase clauso, in a covered vessel. Agitato vase, 

shaking the vessel. 
Ve, vel, or; either: -ve is never at the beginning, but the end, of a word. 
Vertebra?, the joints of the neck, back, or loins; the vertebra?, altogether, form that 

column of bones which is called the spine. 
Verus, true, real, genuine. 
Vena, vein. Vena saphena, the ankle vein. 
Vensesectio, bleeding. Fiat vena?sectio, bleed him. 
V. S. B., Venresectio brachii, bleeding in the arm. Fiat vena?sectio in vena saphena, 

bleed the patient in the ankle vein — or, it may be understood, to bleed where- 

ever you can find the best vein at the top of the foot to get blood from. 
Vespere, in the evening. 

Vespertinus, in the evening, as hora vi a , vespertina, at six o'clock in the evening. 
Vehiculum, a vehicle ; that is, whatever liquid or any other eatable or drinkable we 

take a medicine in, as barley-water, whey, jelly, or panada, &c. 
Viginti, twenty. Vicesimus, vigesimus, the twentieth. 
Vinosus, vinarius, of wine. Cyathus vinarius, a wine-glass. 
Vices, turns; ad duas vices sumendus, to be taken at twice; that is, half to be 

taken at first, and the other half in some time after. 
Vicibus partitis. See Partitus in P. 
Vice, in the room of. Vix, scarcely, hardly. Ut vix sentiatur, so that it can scarcely 

be perceivable. 
Vitellus, the yolk of an egg. 

V. 0. S., Vitello ovi Solut" 1 ; dissolved in the yolk of an egg. 
Vitrum, a glass. Vitreus, made of glass. 

Vires, strength; si vires permittant, if the strength will bear it. 
Vomitio, a vomiting. Vomitione urgente, when the vomiting is troublesome. 
Vultus, the countenance. 



INTRODUCTION. 45 



OBSERVATIONS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SICK EOOM. 

In the treatment of disease, as much depends on the proper management of the 
patient, or as it is usually called nursing, as on the remedial powers of medicines 
appropriate to the exigencies of the case. How many, in fact, have owed their lives 
to the sedulous and skillful attention of their nurse or friends, wholly independent of 
professional assistance ! and, on the other hand, what numbers have been sacrificed to 
a want of knowledge of the proper government of a sick room, in spite of the most 
judicious treatment on the part of the physician ! This most important subject has 
been strangely overlooked by both lecturers and writers on the practice of medicine. 
We are acquainted with but two treatises on the subject, in our language, that can 
be referred to with confidence — the general observations prefixed to "A Practice of 
Physic/' by the late Dr. Dewees, and "The 'Domestic Management of the Sick Eoom," 
by Dr. A. T. Thomson, of both of which we shall freely avail ourself in the following 



Ventilation in the Sick Eoom. 

Where it is possible, the room in which the patient is confined should be large 
and lofty, and in all cases provided with a chimney; the upper sashes of the windows 
should be capable of being let down, which is not always the case; in a word, the 
room should be of such a construction, as to permit the freest ventilation and renewal 
of the air without injury to the patient. Fortunately, for the comfort as well as for 
the benefit of the sick, a great change has taken place as regards their treatment in 
this respect; at one time, and that not many years since, it was considered essential to 
their recovery that air should be carefully excluded from their apartments, and every 
means was taken to accomplish this result ; but a more rational mode of treatment is 
now generally adopted, though physicians occasionally meet with individuals who 
obstinately adhere to the idea that all access of the outer air is injurious to the sick. 

The air of a sick chamber soon becomes impure, and must be changed by the 
admission of fresh air from without, and not, as is too frequently attempted, by the 
use of disinfecting agents in the chamber itself; which, although they may mask or 
destroy offensive odors, only tend to vitiate the air still more. It may be confidently 
asserted, that no disinfecting or fumigating agent is capable of rendering the air of a 
sick chamber so pure and salutary as it can be made by proper attention to cleanli- 
ness and free ventilation. 

This latter can in most cases be accomplished without risk to the patient, by proper 
management, and should never be neglected. It should be regulated by the season 
of the year, the state of the atmosphere, and the character of the disease. In winter, 
in consequence of the draught occasioned by the fire, a renewal of the air of the room 
takes place to a greater or less degree; but a sick chamber should, if possible, be 
heated by an open fire, and not by a stove, as the air is thus more rapidly changed, 
and the unpleasant emanations caused by a large surface of heated iron is obviated. 
The state of the weather should also influence the mode of ventilation, for it must be 
obvious that, if it is damp, it would be injurious, if admitted into a sick room directty 
or in large quantities. The character of the disease should always be considered; as 
a general rule, all acute affections require more ventilation than those of a chronic 
nature, except such as are attended with offensive discharges. No precise rules, how- 
ever, can be laid down on the subject of ventilation as respects the mode in which it 
is to be attained; this must, in a great measure, be left to the discretion and good 
sense of the attendants. 

Ventilation is especially required in infections and contagious disorders, as, in close, 
ill-ventilated apartments, the power of infection is greatly augmented, and is, as it 
were, concentrated. The, infectious miasm is greatly weakened or diluted by a free 
access of air, and its powers much augmented by a damp, close atmosphere. Next to 
ventilation, and of equal importance, is the 



46 INTRODUCTION. 



Temperature of the Sick Room. 

There is a very general, but erroneous, opinion among nurses, that a sick person 
should be kept very warm, to prevent his taking cold, and, consequently, the tempera- 
ture of the chamber is maintained at a fever heat, to the great inconvenience and posi- 
tive detriment of the patient. The best general temperature of a sick room is from 
00° to 70° F., to be regulated by the thermometer rather than by the sensations of the 
sick person, as these are oftentimes morbid and deceptive, but at the same time are 
not to be wholly disregarded; thus, where the temperature is agreeable to the sen- 
sations of the attendants, and the patient, notwithstanding, complains of chilliness, 
it should be increased a few degrees. 

In febrile complaints, nothing conduces more to the comfort, and nothing is more 
proper than a reduced temperature, as it materially aids the physician in relieving the 
morbid heat of the patient's body, and the increased action of the arterial system. 
Thus, in a patient in the hot stage of fever, it is surprising to see the almost imme- 
diate relief experienced by the admission of cool air into the chamber; a tranquil state 
ensues, replacing his former jactitation and restlessness; his skin becomes cooler; his 
respiration, from being hurried and laborious, becomes calm and gentle ; his pulse less 
frequent and active; and, in many cases, a placid and refreshing sleep conies on; or he 
breaks out into a general perspiration. 

Where, on the other hand, the temperature of the room is maintained at a tem- 
perature equal to, or nearly equal to that of his body, every morbid symptom will be 
much aggravated, and his condition rendered still more deplorable. But, whilst a 
moderately depressed temperature is beneficial in many diseases, it exercises a decidedly 
injurious effect in others; in affections of the lungs, even a slight change in the ther- 
mometer will often cause an attack of cough and an augmentation of the symptoms. 

During convalescence, the air of a sick chamber should be frequently renewed, and 
the temperature kept at about 60° to 65° ; but no sudden transitions permitted, as 
nothing is more essential than a guarded care against extremes and rapid changes of 
heat and cold. 

It is of equal importance that a proper attention should be paid to the temperature 
of the patient as regards the amount of his covering, for constant errors are committed 
by nurses in this respect. When a sick person complains of feeling cold, it is always 
proper to provide him with additional covering : but, if reaction takes place, and heat 
of skin ensues, it is seldom thought advisable by the attendants to remove any of the 
now superfluous clothes, "as he might take cold;" the consequence is that a febrile 
condition is produced, with a dry, hot skin, without a sign of perspiration. If some 
of the bedclothes be removed, however, this will soon make its appearance to the great 
relief of the patient. Every nurse should be aware that there is a sweating tem- 
perature, and that, when this is transcended, perspiration will not take place, and 
will cease if it be present. Attention to a simple rule on this point will obviate any 
difficulty, — to add covering when the patient complains of chilliness, and to remove 
it when he experiences too much heat. 

Cleanliness in the Sick Room. 

Nor is attention to cleanliness of less importance, for, although much is accomplished, 
in preventing a foul and offensive atmosphere, by proper ventilation, this is not suffi- 
cient, and is not always practicable. The observance of this is one of a nurse's most 
important duties; and she should be careful to remove anything that is capable of 
emitting an unpleasant smell, or of giving out an injurious gas, as speedily as possible. 
All evacuations are to be taken from the room at once, and never suffered to taint the 
air, under any pretence whatever. The bedclothes, as well as the personal clothing 
of the patient, should be changed as frequently as circumstances will allow, and no 
dirt suffered to accumulate in any part of the room. All articles used by the patient 
in taking his food, medicine, &c, should be cleaned as soon after they have been 
employed as possible. jMo slop-basin or slop-pail should ever be allowed to remain 
in a sick chamber. 



INTRODUCTION. 47 

A patient's face and hands should be frequently wiped with a towel moistened with 
cold water, or vinegar and water, in all cases in which there is no danger of causing 
chilliness, and he should be allowed to rinse his mouth and clean his teeth, several 
times a-day ; when he is unable to perform the latter office for himself, it should be 
done by the nurse. This is very grateful to patients in fever, when the tongue is 
dry or coated with fur or tenacious mucus. 

Whilst every means of ensuring cleanliness in the sick room should be practiced, it 
is to be accomplished with as little noise and bustle as possible; otherwise it becomes 
annoying and injurious to the patient. It is not requisite that the room should be swept, 
nor that the furniture should be dusted, every day. What is done should always 
be performed in the morning, as the patient is usually better able to bear the little 
noise and bustle necessarily attendant on these operations, after a night's rest and 
quiet. When the carpet is swept, it should be sprinkled with moist tea leaves a short 
time previous, to prevent dust from rising. 

Quiet in the Sick Room. 

In most diseases, and especially in those attended with fever, nothing is more annoy- 
ing and distressing to the patient than noise ; hence, the utmost quiet should be strictly 
maintained. All unnecessary conversation should be avoided, as a sick room is an 
unfit place for gossiping. If conversation be carried on, however, it should be in such 
a tone of voice that the patient may comprehend it, for nothing is more injudicious 
or hurtful to a sick person, especially if of a nervous temperament, than the mode 
usually adopted by the attendants of conversing in whispers, as it leads him to imagine 
that it refers to something they are afraid or unwilling to communicate to him, and 
hence, he fatigues himself by endeavoring to ascertain the purport of conversation, or 
gives way to despondency; on this account, it is better that all talking that is required 
should be carried on in a moderate tone of voice, and not in whispers, as much less 
likely to disturb the patient or to excite his attention. 

In some cases, especially in those of a nervous character, on the contrary, cheerful 
conversation is of much benefit to the patient, provided it is not continued so long as 
to fatigue him. 

A great fault in many nurses is being always in a bustle, "putting things to rights," 
or " fixing the room," thus constantly disturbing the patient, and preventing him from 
sleeping; nothing is more annoying to a sick person than this bustle or this constant 
recurrence of noises, which, however insignificant in themselves, render him nervous 
and impatient, from their repetition. Most of these may be prevented by an attention 
to order and method on the part of the nurse. 

One common source of annoyance to a sick person arises from a frequent opening 
and shutting of his door, more especially if the lock or hinges are not in good order. 
In many cases, the door may be kept permanently open, and the patient protected from 
the light and draught of air by means of a screen. Where this cannot be done, the door 
should never be opened, except where it is absolutely required, and it is by all means 
to be avoided whilst the patient is asleep. One means of avoiding a too frequent 
opening and shutting of the door is to permit no person to enter the room except such 
as are required to assist in attendance on the patient. 

Examination and Preservation of the Excretions. 

This is of much importance in many cases, as it enables the physician to judge with 
some degree of certainty of the condition of the patient and of the progress of the 
disease. It should never be trusted to a nurse, as it is very rarely that their account 
can be depended upon. In all cases where the physician deems it necessary, the nurse 
should be directed to preserve the excretions for his inspection ; but they should never 
be retained in the sick room. • 

Administration of Medicine, &c. 

However skillful the physician may be, and however judicious his treatment, they 
are rendered perfectly nugatory, if the remedies he orders are not administered accord- 



48 INTRODUCTION. 

ing to his directions, as the cure of the patient depends in many cases on the regular 
application of the prescribed remedies. It is, therefore, the duty of the attendant on 
the sick to follow implicitly the directions of the physician, as well in exactly complying 
with his orders, as in doing nothing that she has not been ordered to do. At the 
same time, there are exceptions to this rule, in which a suspension of the remedy, or 
a deviation from the order of the physician, is not only allowable, but is absolutely 
required. Thus, from idiosyncrasy or some other cause, the remedy in the doses 
ordered may have no effect, or may produce one widely different from that intended 
or expected. In such cases, it is evident that a strict adherence to the directions of 
the physician would be productive of evil ; but he should be immediately apprised of 
the circumstance. 

Nurses, however, more frequently commit errors in the administration of drinks and 
nourishment than in that of the prescribed medicines. In the former, they are apt 
to imagine that they are as good, if not better judges than the physician, and, in 
consequence, thwart the best directed treatment. The nurse should as scrupulously 
adhere to the directions of the physician as regards drink and nourishment, as 
with the doses and times of administration of medicines ; nor should the exhibition of 
food or drink be left to her discretion more than that of remedies. 

One error is very common, that of giving them too largely or too frequently; this 
should be guarded against, as far as possible, by the physician prescribing the quantity 
and quality of food or drink, as well as the times of giving it, with as much precision 
as he prescribes doses of medicine and the periods of their exhibition. In fact, in the 
treatment of the sick, as little as possible should be left to the discretion and judg- 
ment of the nurse or attendant of the patient. 

Furniture or a Sick Room. 

Where a disease is of a serious character, or appears likely to be protracted, it be- 
comes of importance that the chamber he is to occupy, if circumstances will admit of 
it, should be selected and arranged in such a manner as will most minister to his com- 
fort, and aid his recovery. It should, if possible, be large and airy, with a northern 
aspect, so as to avoid the glare of the sun; but, in towns, a room exposed to the sun 
is preferable to one on the street, in which the patient is constantly disturbed by the 
noise of passing vehicles, &c. As mentioned under the head of ventilation, it should 
always be provided with an open chimney, that a due circulation of air may take place. 

No article of furniture that is not required should be suffered to remain in the room, 
as the dusting and arranging it will cause unnecessary noise and bustle, annoying to 
the patient. Two tables are wanted in most cases : one of a small size, to stand by 
the side of the bed, to hold such articles as are in immediate use, as the medicines he 
is taking, the spoon or glass in which they are administered, &c. ; but nothing should 
be permitted to remain upon it, except articles frequently wanted. The other table, 
which should be large, and adapted for the reception of medicines not in immediate 
use, such as spare spoons and glasses, should contain a drawer, supplied with a roll 
of old and soft linen, a sponge, scissors, a spatula, a roll of muslin and one of flannel 
bandage, some lint, some adhesive plaster, a pincushion well supplied with pins; in 
fact, all such articles as may be needed. It may appear unnecessary to allude to 
these things; but it has happened to every medical man, to observe that, without such 
previous preparation, much of his time is wasted in the search for what is wanted. 

Where a second table is inconvenient, the top of a chest of drawers can be em- 
ployed instead, for bottles, glasses, &c; and one drawer should be appropriated 
to the reception of the various articles above enumerated ; another should contain 
towels, a free supply of which should always be at hand; but none are ever to 
be used for the reception of dirtied articles of clothing, which should always be at once 
removed from the room. The washstand should be provided with additional basins, 
one of which should be of small size; and a large "pitcher of water should be always 
kept in the room. 

If there is a looking-glass in the room, it should be placed in such a position as not 
to be in view of the patient. A large sofa, or a small additional bed, is constantly re- 
quired, as in certain cases where the patient is unable to sit up, he finds much comfort 



INTRODUCTION, 49 



in being removed to it; it is also required when his bed is to be made. An invalid, or 
easy chair is also productive of much benefit in certain cases; and where it can be 
commanded, it should be of such a construction as will admit of changes, so as to vary 
the position of the patient at pleasure. 

What is called a French bedstead, without curtains, is the best adapted to the sick 
room. The four post bedstead, when used, should not be furnished with curtains, as 
these tend to exclude the air, and to retain smells and a vitiated atmosphere. In all 
cases, a mattress is preferable to a feather-bed; it may be placed over the latter, when 
greater softness is required. The pillows should be elastic, but so firm as not to per- 
mit the head of the patient to sink in them, as this prevents coolness and a due circu- 
lation of air. The bed-coverings should be as light as is consistent with warmth and 
comfort ; hence, Marseilles quilts should not be used, as from their weight they oppress 
the patient, without affording as much warmth as a light blanket. 

The change of bedclothes, and shaking up the bed or mattress, must be regulated 
by the character of the disease and the condition of the patient. In febrile complaints, 
it should be done, if the strength of the patient will admit, twice in the twenty-four 
hours. When there is much restlessness, it will be found advantageous to move him 
night and morning to a large sofa, or to another bed; this tends to promote sleep, and to 
insure a proper airing of the beds. When he is thus moved, the clothes of the bed 
he has left are to be turned down, and fully exposed to the air, which will render so 
frequent a change of the sheets less necessary than would otherwise be required. 
When there is only one bed, and in febrile diseases, the sheets which have been used 
at night are to be replaced by others in the morning, and freely exposed to the air 
during the day, and again used at night. When the patient is too much debilitated 
to be moved from bed to bed, he should be merely removed to the other side of his 
bed, and the one he has left properly arranged by changing the linen, beating up the 
bed, &c. ; but these changes are never to be made whilst he is in a perspiration. 

If a fire in the room is required, it should not be made use of to prepare the food or 
drinks of the patient ; this should be done elsewhere, as well to avoid the smell emitted 
by the heated articles, as the noise and bustle caused in their preparation. 

Proper use of Utensils for Evacuations, &c. 

As it is of the utmost importance to the patient that he should be spared all unne- 
cessary fatigue, some precautions are to be used to prevent this during his evacuations; 
and one of the duties of a nurse is to enable him to perform those offices with the 
least expenditure of strength. When the patient is feeble, he should never be allowed 
to rise to fulfil the calls of nature, and therefore a bed pan and urinal should always 
be provided; by means of these, the evacuations can be performed with ease, and with- 
out exertion. Many persons, it is true, have an aversion to using them; but this diffi- 
culty can generally be overcome by a proper representation of their advantages. One 
of the objections commonly made is that the use of a bed-pan gives them pain in the 
back; and this is often the case, where the patient is not properly supported; but can 
always be prevented by placing a pillow in the hollow of the back, before the pan is 
used. 

In the case of giving drinks or nourishment, much unnecessary fatigue may be 
Bpared to the patient. Owing to the form of the vessels usually employed to admin- 
ister drinks, without the sick person is raised in bed to receive them, much of the fluid 
18 apt to be spilt on the bedclothes, to his great discomfort. Hence, a tumbler, tea- 
cup, or bowl should never be employed for this purpose, whei'e the patient is too feeble 
to raise himself without inconvenience. The sick cup, as it is called, should therefore 
be employed for this purpose, as it spares all fatigue, and prevents any spilling of 
fluid on the patient or on the clothes. 

When the medicine or food is taken in spoonful quantities, and in cases of nau- 
seous medicines to be administered to children, the medicinal spoon will be found 
very useful. This is a spoon with a hollow handle, with an opening at its extremity; 
the bowl is provided with a hinged lid, but is open at the apex. When a fluid is 
poured into it, and the lid closed, the pressure of the air at the opening at the end of 
the bowl will prevent any of the fluid escaping, as long as the orifice at the end of the 



50 INTRODUCTION. 

handle is closed, but is projected with some force when this opening is free. By 
means of this contrivance, medicine or food may he conveniently administered without 
the patient being obliged to be raised in bed, or in spite of resistance on the part of 
a child. 

DOSE OF MEDICINES. 

The doses of medicinal substances, being specific as regards each other, can only be 
learnt by experience ; but their remedial or active powers do not always increase with 
an increase of the dose : thus, if a purgative dose of calomel be ten grains, an increased 
quantity of the medicine will not induce an equivalent increase in the purgation, 
though it may cause other consequences. The dose in which a medicine is given often 
determines its specific action ; two grains of ipecacuanha will usually quiet the sto- 
mach, or act as a diaphoretic, whilst thirty will produce active emesis, and, in like 
manner, almost every medicine displays different powers, according to the dose in 
which it is administered. 

Dr. Paris states " that powerful doses are disposed to produce local rather than gene- 
ral effects." This is proved by experience, in many cases, but does not hold good in 
all ; thus, many of the active poisons cause general effects in both large and small 
doses, and their virulent action is in general proportionate to the quantity taken. In 
most of what are termed the alterative medicines, however, the alterative action is 
only displayed when they are administered in small, but long-continued doses, and 
does not take place when they are taken in such quantities as to excite much local 
action. It is erroneous to suppose that a medicine is devoid of power, or does not 
exert an influence on the system, because no marked effect immediately follows its 
exhibition; for, as is observed by Dr. Barlow, "it is very possible that practitioners 
often err, especially in the treatment of chronic maladies, from requiring an obvious 
effect from each dose administered ; where it is ascertained that a medicine actually 
possesses inherent powers, the slow and almost imperceptible exercise of these powers 
should not be despised. There is often more wisdom in seconding the efforts of na- 
ture than in superseding them." In fully admitting the truth of this remark, we 
are far from advocating the doctrine of Hahnemann, or his invisible doses; nor does 
it, in fact, accord with his views, for he gives a long catalogue of symptoms, caused 
by the administration of the minutest quantity of the articles of his materia medica. 

So many circumstances influence the effects of medicines, that it is almost impos- 
sible to say what dose will produce identical effects in different individuals; but it has 
been sufficiently ascertained that, in the generality of patients, we may reasonably ex- 
pect certain results from certain doses. The circumstances that influence the action 
of medicines, and the doses in which they are to be given, are 

Age. — This exercises much influence ; the young require smaller doses of a medi- 
cine to produce the desired effect than an adult; and the aged, although less suscep- 
tible to impressions than formerly, are unable to bear any forcible shock on their sys- 
tem. Various formulas or tables have been published for the graduation of doses to 
the respective ages; but none of them are as generally adopted as that attributed to 
Gaubius, which is as follows : — 

Dose for a person in adult age being 1 drachm or 1, 

That for a person from 14 to 21 years would be 2 scruples or f . 



7 to 14 


« 


i drachm or i. 


4 to 7 


(C 


1 scruple or J. 


4 


ii 


15 grains or £. 


3 


a 


10 grains or £. 


2 


a 


8 grains or J. 


1 


u 


5 grains or y 1 ^. 



This table, although mainly correct, is often found to be erroneous, when applied 
to particular cases. Dr. Paris, in his Pharmacologia, gives a formula devised by Dr. 
Young, which is simple, and has been found to be generally correct ; this is : — 

For children under twelve years, the doses of most medicines must be diminished 
in the proportion of the age to the age increased by twelve; thus: 



INTRODUCTION. 51 



At two years to |, viz : 

2 
2 + 12 ~ 7? 
At 21 the full close to be given. 

But no scheme can be devised, founded on age alone, to which there are not many ex- 
ceptions. Thus, children require proportionably larger doses of castor oil or calomel 
to affect them than adults, whilst, and especially when very young, they are exceed- 
ingly susceptible to the action of opium and its preparations. 

Sex. — It is generally admitted that females require smaller doses of medicines 
than males, and, as a general rule, this may be correct; but so much depends upon 
habits of life, temperament, &c, that the exceptions are almost as numerous as the 
examples. 

Temperament also exercises much influence on the doses of certain articles of 
the materia medica ; an individual of a nervous temperament is unable to bear with 
impunity doses of opium that scarcely act on the phlegmatic ; the sanguineous are 
readily affected by the action of stimuli, &c. 

Idiosyncrasy, or constitutional peculiarity, has more influence than either sex 
or temperament on the action of medicines. Some of these anomalies are very strik- 
ing, and almost incredible, and evidence the necessity of particular inquiries being 
made by the physician of every patient with whose constitution he is unacquainted. 
In some cases, opium, or any of its preparations, cannot be administered without pro- 
ducing the most distressing symptoms ; in others, the smallest doses of calomel will 
cause salivation; whilst in others again it may be profusely given without inducing 
any effect on the salivary glands. In some persons, the mere vicinity to the poison 
oak (Rhus radicans) will bring on an unpleasant inflammation of the skin; whilst on 
other individuals this plant bas no action whatever. It is often found that copaiba will 
cause a peculiar eruption, and the smell of ipecacuanha induce a distressing dyspnoea. 
So tartar emetic will be productive of ptyalism in some individuals even when applied 
to the surface of the body ; blisters of cantharides will cause strangury in some 
patients, &c. In fact, these idiosyncrasies are so numerous that it would require a 
volume to notice in detail those already recorded. 

Habit exercises an equal influence with idiosyncrasy in modifying the action of 
medicines. The usual consequence of a long-continued use of any remedial or stimu- 
lating substance is to diminish tbe susceptibility of the organs on wbich it acts to 
its impression. Hence, to obtain its effects, it must be given in gradually increased 
quantities. In many cases, however, instead of a diminished, an increased action is 
caused by repetition of certain substances. 

Tbe influence of habit, in diminishing the susceptibility of the system to stimuli, is 
liable to fewer exceptions as regards vegetable than mineral substances, as may be 
daily remarked in the use of opium and tobacco. Dr. Christison accounts for this 
effect of habit in diminishing the influence of vegetable substances, by an increased 
power of the stomach in decomposing them; but it must also be attributed to a dimin- 
ished susceptibility in the nervous system to their influence. But mineral medicines 
appear, in almost every case, to act with increased power by repetition, though the 
converse has been observed in some cases. 

State of the System. — It is well known that, in certain deviations from a 
healthy or normal condition, a remarkable change is often observed in the action of 
remedies on the system. Thus, in severe pain, opium can be administered in doses 
chat cannot be borne with impunity in a state of health; but this is still more the 
case in tetanus, in which scruple doses, frequently repeated, have been administered 
without producing any marked effects. This modifying influence of disease has been 
noticed with regard to many other remedies, as in mercury, which can be given in 
large and repeated doses, in a febrile condition, without causing salivation. Where 
there is a diminished sensibility of a part, or a comatose condition, the pain, or irritation 
caused by the application of stimulating or vesicating applications, not being felt by the 
patient, there is a risk of inducing a sloughing and destruction of the part to which they 
are applied, if care be not taken to remove them in time; so, also, the application of 
ammonia to the nostrils, to relieve fainting, has caused violent irritation, and even 



52 INTRODUCTION. 



inflammation of the trachea, the patient being unable, from his condition, of appreci- 
ating or expressing his sensations. Dr. Christison notices several fatal cases of bron- 
chitis from this cause. 

Time of Day at which medicines are administered also influences their action on 
the system. As a general rule, no medicine should be given soon after a meal, though, 
in the case of some of the irritants, as arsenic, corrosive sublimate, iodine, &c, it is 
often found most expedient to administer them whilst the stomach is filled with food, to 
avoid their local action on that organ. Dr. Paris observes, under this head: "Evacu- 
ating medicines ought to be exhibited late at night, or early in the morning ; thus, 
substances of tardy operation, as calomel, and the resinous purgatives, should be given 
at night, while saline purgatives, senna, &c. may be given in the morning. It would 
seem that during sleep the bowels are not so irritable, and, consequently, not so 
easily acted upon, which allows time for the full solution of the substance." In all 
cases, the exhibition of purgatives should be so timed that their operation may take 
place during the day, so as to avoid an undue disturbance of the patient at night. 
Other directions will be found in a subsequent part of the work. 

Numerous other causes exercise much influence on the action of medicines, as cli- 
mate, the imagination of the patient, the tissue or organ to which they are applied, &c. 

Nor should the variable activity of a medicine be overlooked ; this has occasioned 
more accidents than is generally supposed. Some remedies, and generally those of a 
vegetable nature, lose much of their activity by age, and, therefore, require to be 
given in large doses to produce the desired effect ; hence, where a physician has been 
induced to increase the usual dose of some article, which in a recent or unaltered 
state is active, and even poisonous, but, from age or other deteriorating cause, has 
become weakened, serious accidents may occur, if he persist in administering the same 
doses of a parcel which is fresh, or which is obtained from another apothecary. In 
such cases, the safest plan is always to commence with the usual dose of the medicine, 
and to gradually increase it, if this be found necessary. 

It should also be borne in mind that certain medicines have the power of accumu- 
lating in the system, or, in other words, of not displaying their usual effects when 
given in small and repeated doses, until a certain quantity has been taken, when, on 
a sudden, symptoms resembling those caused by an overdose of the article, make their 
appearance. This has been remarked in relation to mercury, arsenic, and several other 
of the metallic medicines, as well as iodine, digitalis, &c. In giving remedies of this 
character, the physician should always be cautious, and not repeat the dose of them 
too frequently, because no sensible effect is produced at the expected time. 

Intervals between Doses. — As every medicine produces a specific and definite 
action on the system, which, in most cases, continues for a certain time, and then 
ceases, it becomes necessary to renew or maintain the medicinal impression as 
long as is required to counteract the morbid condition of the system. In some 
cases, however, as in the case of an emetic or purgative given for the purpose of 
merely evacuating the stomach and bowels, the single effect produced may be suffi- 
cient, and no repetition of the dose is required. In most attacks of disease, on the 
other hand, the physician is obliged to prescribe medicines in such quantities as to 
produce a certain impression, and to repeat the doses at such intervals as will keep 
up the influence of this impression. "Where, from a want of knowledge of the time 
during which the remedy he has administered will continue to exercise its full action 
on the system, he postpones a repetition of it for too long a period, although a fresh 
impression is made by each dose, but little real good is the result, and, from a 
want of continuity in the remedial impression, no progress is made towards a cure. 
Hence, a physician should be acquainted with the usual duration of the action of the 
medicine he is administering, and order a repetition of the doses so as to keep the 
system under its influence. A nurse should, therefore, in all cases, follow his direc- 
tions implicitly, as regards the periods at which medicines are to be given, for, by in- 
attention to this rule, injustice is done to the physician, and, what is of more import- 
ance, the life of the patient is endangered. Where the diffusible stimulants are 
administered, especially those of an evanescent character, it is of much consequence that 
their influence should be kept up; and hence a neglect on the part of a nurse in giving 



INTRODUCTION". 53 

them at the prescribed periods might cause a fatal collapse of the patient. It should 
be observed, however, that, except in cases where it is necessary thus to maintain the 
vital powers of a patient, this strict observance of the prescribed intervals between the 
doses of medicines is not intended to extend to the night, so as to disturb the invalid, 
as, in most diseases, sleep is one of the best restoratives ; but advantage is to be taken 
of those moments when he is awake, timing the doses as nearly as possible to the 
designated periods. 

Rules for the Administration op Medicines. — As has been stated, fluid 
medicines are usually administered in drops, teaspoonfuls, tablespoonfuls, &c. — an 
approximative measurement, which, although not precise or accurate, is sufficiently so 
in most cases, though not suited to medicines of a very active nature. As the gene- 
rality of medicines are nauseous, it is necessary to modify, as far as possible, their 
disagreeable taste, which renders them so repugnant to patients, and often causes 
much difficulty in their administration, especially to children; but this modification 
must not be of such a character as to alter their properties. As regards young 
children, much difficulty will be obviated by the use of the medicine-spoon already 
described; this will also be found useful in cases of insanity, where patients refuse 
to take medicine or nourishment. 

It is often found that patients experience much difficulty in swallowing pills, espe- 
cially when these are of small size. The usual mode is to place the pill on the 
tongue, and to take a mouthful of water, when, on making an effort to swallow, both 
pass down the throat together; this plan is generally successful; but some persons 
appear to be unable to take a pill in this manner, and gorge themselves with fluid 
without effecting the deglutition of the pilular body; in such cases, by enveloping the 
pill in some bread, or some conserve or sweetmeat, so as to form a bolus, the difficulty 
is obviated. 

Mixtures containing insoluble ingredients should always be shaken up before they 
are administered; otherwise, the first doses will contain but little of the active ingre- 
dients, whilst the last portions will, on the other hand, be more powerful than was 
intended. Where the article administered is of a volatile nature, it should be given 
the moment it is poured out, and the bottle containing the remainder immediately 
closed. 

As each of the classes of medicinal articles requires the observance of certain rules 
to insure its full benefit, these will be briefly noticed in an alphabetical order. 

Acids. — These are given to fulfil various indications ; some acting as tonics, some 
as refrigerants, &e. As those most generally used are corrosive, they require to be 
diluted with some bland fluid, so as not to exercise too powerful a local action on the 
tissues with which they come in contact; nor should they be kept in a metallic vessel, 
nor given by means of a metal spoon. As most of them act on the enamel of the 
teeth in a very rapid and energetic manner, the mouth should be well rinsed with 
water after the administration of each dose; or they may be taken by being sucked 
up by means of a small glass tube, thus avoiding any contact with the teeth : this 
observation applies to many of the acid or super-salts; the usual solution of the sul- 
phate of quinine, which contains free sulphuric acid, is known to act on the teeth very 
rapidly, and, from a constant repetition of the doses, to injure them in a serious manner; 
and hence requires to be given with precaution. 

Antacids are medicines intended to neutralize an undue or morbid acidity of 
the stomach or intestines. Their action is chemical, and they produce an innoxious 
compound which takes the place of the morbid fluid that causes the uneasiness or pain. 
In many cases, they act most efficaciously, when an emetic or cathartic has been pre- 
viously administered. To obtain a permanent benefit from them, they should be 
combined with tonics, aromatics, &c. ; as, when given alone, the relief afforded by them 
is but transient. 

They are most advantageously administered early in the morning, or some time 
previous to a meal during the day. When the salt resulting from the union of the 
antacid and the morbid acid is purgative, the former is better given at bed-time; thus, 
the combination of the solution of potassa, of the carbonates of potassa and soda, or 



54 INTRODUCTION. 

— ♦ 

of magnesia, forms salts with the gastric acid that act with some energy on the bowels; 
but this is not the case with chalk mixture or lime water. 

The patient should be restricted to light animal food and well boiled vegetables, 
avoiding sweets, acids, pastry, and, in fact, everything liable to increase the acescent 
condition of the stomach. 

Antilithics and Lithontriptics are medicines supposed to possess the power 
of obviating or dissolving urinary calculi. That there are remedial agents capable of 
removing or relieving that morbid condition of the system on which a lithic diathesis 
depends, there can be no doubt; but it is very questionable if we possess remedies 
capable of dissolving calculi existing in the urinary organs. Among the antilithic 
remedies, those most generally employed are magnesia and its salts, the alkalies, soap, 
several of the acids, some astringent diuretics, many bitter tonics, &c. In cases of a 
lithic diathesis, however, much depends on the regulation of the diet of the patient; 
thus, when there is a superabundant secretion of uric acid, the food should contain as 
little azote as possible, and, therefore, be mainly of a vegetable nature; but, at the 
same time, care must be taken that the healthy action of the stomach is not impaired. 
There should be an avoidance of all indigestible substances, as fresh bread, pastry, 
salt meats, and even soups of all kinds; nor should malt liquors or acid wines be 
allowed. Where the white sand deposits or the phosphates occur, an acid system of 
diet is beneficial, with abstinence from all alkalies, soda water, &c. ; whilst lemonade, 
the acid wines, and fruits in moderation can be allowed with advantage. 

Antispasmodics are remedies which have been considered to be endowed with the 
power of allaying spasm, and of calming or entirely removing irregular actions of the 
nervous system. As spasmodic action of the muscular apparatus and a morbid con- 
dition of the nervous centres may arise from a variety of causes, it has been found 
that the most opposite modes of treatment have been required; thus, in some cases, 
the most efficient antispasmodic is the lancet, whilst in others the morbid symptoms 
are best alleviated by the most active diffusible stimuli. It is not our intention to 
enter into the discussion of the mooted question of the modus operandi of antispas- 
modics, or whether there exists a class of remedies which are endowed with the power 
of exerting a direct control over spasmodic action. It is, however, shown by expe- 
rience that the influence of this class of remedial agents is very limited in their 
operation and very various in their effects, and that to be efficient much discrimination 
is requisite on the part of the physician in the selection of the article best calculated 
to attain the desired effect. In general, what are termed antispasmodics have some 
of the properties of the narcotics, but differ from them in not causing stupor or 
insensibility. They are mostly substances possessed of a strong odor, and of a more 
or less volatile nature ; and hence also partake of the properties of stimulants. 

Anthelmintics are medicines which are capable of expelling or destroying worms 
situated in the intestinal canal. Several kinds of worms are apt to infest the human 
intestines, and often give rise to distressing and even fatal symptoms. The medicines 
calculated to dislodge them are of various kinds : some act mechanically, as active 
purgatives, powder of tin, cowhage, &c. ; some by being poisonous to the worms, as 
pink root, pomegranate bark, the vegetable bitters, &c. ; and to this class belong, in 
all probability, the acrid, volatile, and resinous vermifuges, as turpentine, camphor, 
garlic, &e. ; and the mineral remedies, as calomel, the preparations of iron, sulphur, 
&c. ; some seem to act by asphyxiating the worms, as the fatty oils, the mucilages, &c. 

Vermifuge medicines should be given in as simple a form as possible, and in as 
large doses as is compatible with their nature, and the age and condition of the patient; 
and hence the plan of administering them in the form of lozenges, biscuits, &c, is 
erroneous. One of the most certain of these remedies is the pink root (spigelia), either 
in the form of simple infusion, or united with senna or savin; in the first case, it 
should be followed by the administration of a brisk cathartic. In consequence of its 
sometimes causing temporary loss of sight, tremors, &c, which, although seldom 
dangerous, are apt to frighten the relations and friends of the patient, it is better, 
especially in cases of children, to administer the infusion in the evening, so that its 
effects may not be observed. The worm-seed oil is also another native anthelmintic 
of great power, but has the objection of having so disagreeable an odor and taste as 



INTRODUCTION. 55 

to prevent its general use; the least unpleasant mode of giving it is in emulsion with 
mint or cinnamon water. 

Whatever vermifuge is employed, and whatever success attends its administration, 
the treatment should not be confined to the mere expulsion of the worms; but the 
condition of the stomach and bowels should be attended to, and their tone rendered 
healthy by the use of tonics, and a well-directed and generous diet. 

Cathartics are those medicines which increase in a greater or less degree the 
peristaltic action of the intestines. Cathartics have been divided into laxatives, which 
are characterized by acting mildly, without stimulating in any great degree the vessels 
of the intestines, or exciting a general disturbance of the system; audi. purgatives, 
which, in addition to evacuating the contents of the bowels, also promote secretions 
from their mucous coat, giving rise to copious watery stools. Some purgatives have 
a more violent action, occasioning nausea, faintness, pain, tenesmus, &c. ; and some, 
acting in an overdose as acrid poisons, causing great irritation, and even inflammation 
of the intestines. But there is another and important character in the action of pur- 
gatives, which is that different portions of the intestinal canal are most affected by 
different cathartic substances; thus, calomel acts, in a marked manner, on the upper 
portions of the tube, as is shown by the increase of the biliary matters in the evacua- 
tions; gamboge also manifests its power on the stomach by often causing vomiting, 
but also, like the other drastics, causes much irritation in the large intestines; aloes, 
again, exert very little action on the upper part of the canal, but spends its force on 
the lower portion; in fact, each purgative substance is characterized by a peculiarity 
of action as regards the part of the intestinal canal affected by it, and the nature 
of the evacuation it produces; and hence, it is of importance, in prescribing an 
article of this class, that it be suited to the impression wished to be made, and not, 
as is too frequently the case, selected at random. No class of remedies has been pro- 
ductive of more injury than the present, from their being resorted to without judgment, 
and from being persevered in for too long a time ; for, independent of the irritation 
they create and keep up in the bowels, they impair digestion, and too often lay the 
foundation of fatal organic diseases. Purgative medicines may be exhibited at any 
period during the day; but in all cases the patient should not be exposed to the 
influence of cold air; if, however, the circumstances are not urgent, it is better to 
administer them late at night or early in the morning, so as to prevent the disturbance 
and loss of rest of the patient, and also to secure their retention by the stomach ; when 
given on an empty stomach, they also act more speedily and effectually than when this 
is filled with food. To promote their action, and to obviate their griping effect, 
warm diluents, as chicken water, gruel, &c, should be freely taken after the first dis- 
charge. Where they operate too much, this inordinate action is to be checked by 
laudanum given by the mouth, or in the form of injections. 

Many of these medicines are very nauseous, and so repugnant to the patient as to 
induce nausea and vomiting, and, therefore, require the addition of correctives. The 
taste of rhubarb is best disguised by being given in milk, and that of castor oil by the 
froth of porter. The disagreeable taste of infusion of senna is much lessened if made 
with cold water, or, if made in the usual manner, by the addition of strong coffee, 
black tea, or by a few grains of cream of tartar. Aloes are rendered more palatable 
by the addition of extract of liquorice. Magnesia is mixed more perfectly with 
water or milk, if it is poured on the surface of the fluid, and permitted to sink as it 
becomes saturated, than by the opposite course. The neutral salts arc rendered more 
palainl.lt; by adding a small portion of lemon juice to their solution, &c. 

When a cathartic is given in the form of pill, its operation is always less speedy 
than when administered in powder or mixture; and it should be borne in mind that 
the drastic purgatives operate more mildly, and even effectually, in combination than 
win n given alone, as is instanced in the compound cathartic pill. 

Enemata or Glysters. — This mode of purgation is now generally employed in our 

large towns; but a great prejudice exists among many persons against its use, from 

lious and mistaken delicacy. In consequence of the improved apparatus now 

to be procured, the administration of these remedies is attended with much less diffi- 



56 INTRODUCTION. 



culty and exposure than formerly, -when the pipe and bag or common syringe were 
employed; and, therefore, much of the objection to their use is obviated. 

Clysters are of almost indispensable utility when it is necessary to evacuate the 
bowels as speedily as possible, or when the stomach will not bear the administration 
of a purgative by the mouth, and also in cases where it is of importance to make a 
direct application to the lower bowels, as in dysentery, colic, &c. Where it is merely 
wished to open the bowels, an injection of tepid water will often be found sufficient; 
where this is not found sufficient, the addition of table salt, sweet oil, or molasses, will, 
in most cases, induce a full discharge. In all cases, the patient should be directed to 
retain the injection for as long a time as possible, and not to attempt to empty his 
bowels immediately after the reception of the medicine. Though clysters seldom can 
be forced beyond the great curve of the colon, and hence their local action confined to 
the lower part of the bowels, still, in many cases, their purgative influence extends to 
the small intestines, and their administration is followed by full and copious evacua- 
tions. They are also directed for other purposes than evacuating the bowels, for, from 
the intimate connection of the rectum with the other pelvic viscera, impressions made 
upon it are speedily transmitted to the adjoining parts, and hence, remedies can be 
directed by this channel with much advantage. In irritation of the bladder or uterus, 
an anodyne injection into the rectum will often afford much relief. In diseases of the 
lower bowels, also, clysters are of almost indispensable utility, as also in the dislodge- 
ment of ascarides seated in the rectum; nor are they less beneficial in those cases of 
sudden sinking of the powers of life where deglutition is impossible, and yet a prompt 
stimulating impression is requisite to save the patient; under such circumstances, 
clysters of some of the diffusible stimuli have proved of the greatest benefit. 

Suppositories. — These are substances introduced into the rectum to induce a dis- 
charge of its contents. Their use is principally confined to the mere object of relieving 
eostiveness, for which purpose a piece of soap of a conical shape, and of about an inch 
in length, is the most generally employed; but in some cases, articles of a more stimu- 
lating character are necessary. In cases of eostiveness in children, the introduction 
of the end of a small roll of paper, moistened with oil, for a few moments into the 
rectum, will, in many cases, be found sufficient. The objection to their use is the 
irritation they often create in the rectum. Sometimes suppositories of opium are 
found useful in those cases in which anodyne enemata are usually employed, and may 
be used where patients have a repugnance to the use of clysters, or where the soreness 
of the rectum prevents the introduction of the pipe of a syringe. 

In all cases where enemata or suppositories are employed, care must be taken to 
introduce them with care; otherwise serious injury may be done to the mucous coat 
of the rectum; instances have occurred where, from a careless insertion of the pipe of 
a syringe, the gut has been seriously affected, giving rise to fistula, &c. In most cases, 
the injection for a child under one year is about an ounce, which is to be gradually 
increased to five or six ounces, as it advances in age ; to a youth, from ten to fifteen 
years old, a pint may be given; whilst an adult requires a pint and a-half to a quart. 
Where, however, the injection is of an anodyne nature, to restrain discharges or to 
alleviate pain, the laudanum should be mixed with not more than half an ounce to an 
ounce of bland mucilage, so as not to excite contraction of the bowels by the stimulus 
of quantity. 

Demulcents or Emollients are medicinal agents which diminish tone or irrita- 
tion in the tissues to which they are applied, and thereby cause a relaxation of the 
parts, or sheathe and protect them from the action of substances capable of acting 
on them injuriously. 

The term Emollients is generally employed to designate remedies which are applied 
externally to soften and relax external surfaces, and, by contiguous sympathy, the 
deeper seated parts; these effects have been referred by some to a physical, and by 
others to a vital, agency. They consist principally of bland watery" mixtures, or of 
simple water, at a somewhat elevated temperature, of oleaginous substances, or those 
combined in various forms, as fomentations, poultices, &c, which will be more par- 
ticularly noticed in a subsequent part of the work. 

Demulcents are bland substances of various kinds, administered internally, to pre- 



INTRODUCTION". 57 



vent the action of irritating matters on mucous membranes, or to soothe or lubricate 
these parts when irritated or inflamed. They are useful in irritation and inflammation 
of the stomach and bowels, in like conditions of the air-passages and lungs, as well as 
in affections of the urinary apparatus. When prescribed in cases of catarrh, and other 
morbid conditions of the respiratory organs, they are usually directed to be taken ad 
libitum; but they should be swallowed slowly, for their main efficacy arises from their 
lubricating effect on the parts with which they come in contact ; and this soothing 
influence is extended by sympathy to the bronchial membranes and pulmonic struc- 
ture. They should be taken after a fit of coughing, for, as, by that spasmodic effort, 
the acrid secretion of the inflamed mucous surface is thrown off, they are enabled to 
come in direct contact with the irritated part, and thus exercise their soothing influ- 
ence more efficiently. 

Diaphoretics are those medicinal agents which promote and increase cutaneous 
transpiration. These articles are numerous, and of a very heterogeneous character. In 
general, warm diluents, aided by external heat, are very effectual means of promoting 
perspiration; whilst, in some cases, this excretion is better promoted by the use of cool 
liquids, or even by the sudden and temporary application of cold to the surface. They 
are in almost every case relative agents; and, to produce the desired effect, should 
be given in certain states of the system, and with certain precautions. Thus, during 
the exhibition of these remedies, the patient should be confined to bed, and covered 
with light blankets ; his shirt should be of flannel or muslin, as these are good non- 
conductors of heat. Their action is much promoted by the free use of diluents, given 
either warm or cold, according to the temperature of the patient's skin. During the 
continuance of the perspiration, great care should be taken that it is not suddenly 
checked from any cause. When it is wished to moderate the sweating, the patient may 
be removed to another bed, covered with a warm blanket, his clothes changed, and 
his body dried with dry towels, care being taken that he is not exposed to cold air. 
During the exhibition of diaphoretics, no medicines of a purgative or diuretic character 
should be administered, as the action of the latter is incompatible with that of the 
former, besides causing a frequent exposure to cold during their operation. 

Diluents are watery fluids which increase the fluidity of the blood, and render the 
secretions and excretions less acrid or viscid. The best diluent is water, which is to 
be given either alone or variously flavored, according to the taste of the patient or the 
circumstances of the case. The temperature at which a diluent is given has much 
influence on its action. Thus, water at 60° or 70° F. merely dilutes; whilst at 45° 
to 60° it acts somewhat as a tonic, and at 70°, and to as high a temperature as it can 
be drunk, it is stimulant. Merely tepid water will often act as an emetic, whilst at 
90° or 100° it will quiet the stomach and relieve nausea. In a cool or cold state, 
diluents diminish the temperature of the body and moderate an undue excitement of 
the pulse, and are hence called refrigerants or temjperants, and principally consist of 
aqueous solutions of many of the acids, or of some of the neutral salts. 

Diuretics are medicines which increase or promote the secretion of urine : this they 
do by increasing the quantity of fluid taken into the stomach, or by stimulating the 
kidneys to increased action. They are always inconstant in their effects, and cannot 
be relied upon to produce the desired effect in all cases. To obtain their effect, the 
surface of the patient's body should be kept cool; otherwise, they are apt to operate as 
diaphoretics. Hence, the patient should remain out of bed, and the medicine be 
administered during the day-time; or, if confined to bed, the clothing should be as 
light as is compatible with comfort. The action of diuretics is much aided by a free 
use of the cooling diluents. 

Emetics are those medicines which invert the natural action of the stomach, so as 
to cause an ejection of its contents through the mouth, or vomiting. When the patient 
is plethoric, blood-letting should always precede the administration of an emetic, as it 
not only promotes its operation, but prevents any injurious rush of blood to the head. 
When it is required, a full dose of the emetic substance is to be administered; but, in 
the generality of cases, it is better to give it in divided doses, frequently repeated, 
until the desired effect is produced. It often happens, when a physician orders an 
emetic, that he will be asked not to give a strong one, as the patient is too weak, &c. ; 
4 



58 INTRODUCTION. 



but it should be known that, unless the medicine causes full vomiting, it will create 
more uneasiness and debility than when it acts in the desired manner. When vomit- 
ing takes place, it should be encouraged by draughts of tepid water or weak chamomile 
tea, to be repeated after each discharge; but the use of these fluids is not to be 
carried too far, because, when the stomach is gorged with liquids, the action of vomit- 
ing is often not fully performed, or is wholly checked. When the operation of an 
emetic is too violent, the best means of checking it is by the administration of lauda- 
num, or the application of fomentations or warm poultices to the epigastrium; if these 
fail, a spice plaster or a sinapism to the same part will generally be found effectual. If 
the stomach continues irritable, drink, food, or medicine is to be given in very small 
quantities. There is always much thirst, which patients are very apt to endeavor to alle- 
viate by freely taking some fluid; but this in most cases being rejected, the evil is only 
increased; the best plan to relieve it is to frequently wash the mouth with some cool 
drink, swallowing as little as possible. When the stomach is inactive, and a full dose 
of an emetic substance does not cause vomiting, it is always unsafe to repeat the dose, 
as by such a course inflammation may be produced. When the stomach thus resists 
the action of one article, carried to a due extent, it is better to have recourse to 
another, or to endeavor to produce emesis by titillating the fauces and throat by means 
of a feather. Emetics should always be given at the time ordered by the physician, 
and, as a general rule, on an empty stomach, in the morning; but it is sometimes 
of benefit to administer them in the evening, as, from the exhaustion produced by 
their operation, a disposition to sleep is caused. 

Emmenagogtjes are medicines which excite or promote the catamenial discharge; 
but there are, strictly speaking, few remedies which have this specific power on the 
uterus, the majority of them acting by their influence on the system generally, or on 
parts contiguous to the uterus — ergot being almost the only article which exercises a 
direct power on this organ, and that rather in increasing its expulsive energy than in 
promoting the menstrual function, though it has been advantageously employed for 
the latter purpose. To insure the successful administration of this class of remedial 
agents, the system must be previously prepared for their use by invigorating it, if there 
are relaxation and debility; and by an opposite course, if there is an undue degree of 
arterial action. In a majority of cases, the restoration of the discharge is rather 
attributable to a proper regulation of the system than to any specific power in the 
emmenagogue administered. 

Epispastics are external applications which are capable of inflaming the skin, and 
causing an effusion of serum beneath the cuticle. These effects can be produced by 
a variety of means; but that most generally employed is the Spanish fly, or cantha- 
rides. The mode of applying a blister, and of dressing the sore it occasions, is 
very simple; but, without special directions from the physician, many nurses and 
attendants on the sick are strangely ignorant on the subject. The best preparation 
of cantharides for blistering purposes is the cerate of Spanish flies, or common blister- 
ing plaster; this will be always found effectual, if properly prepared, and of good 
materials. It is best spread on soft leather, though linen, muslin, or even stout paper 
will answer. To obtain a prompt action from a blister, it should be spread thick; 
powdered flies should not be sprinkled on its surface, for, if the plaster is well made, 
it requires no such addition; added to which, the powder is apt to adhere to the skin, 
and to give the patient much uneasiness. Before applying a blister, the part on which 
it is to be placed should be well washed with soap and water, and thoroughly dried, the 
hair shaved off, and the skin irritated by being rubbed with a coarse towel, or, if this 
is not sufficient, with warm vinegar, spirits of turpentine, &c. The plaster is to be 
secured to the part by means of a bandage ; or, what is better, by means of strips of 
adhesive plaster, or by coating the margin of the leather or cloth on which the blister 
is spread with the adhesive plaster. Whenever either of the last modes of securing 
a blister is resorted to, it is necessary, to secure its adhesion, that the skin be perfectly 
dry. The plaster should be in perfect contact with the skin; but should not, as is 
too often the case, be subjected to much pressure, for this retards vesication, and is a 
source of uneasiness to the patient. 

The period generally required for a blister to draw is twelve hours; but this is liable 



INTRODUCTION. 59 

to many exceptions : thus, for children, delicate females, and for persons with tender 
skins, a much shorter time is sufficient. The hest plan, when the patient complains of 
pain and burning, is to lift a corner of the plaster and examine the condition of the 
skin beneath, and, if it be found vesicated or fully reddened, to remove the blister; or, 
if the skin is not sufficiently inflamed, to permit the blister to remain till this result 
is attained. When the skin is sufficiently reddened, but not vesicated, the application 
of a warm poultice, or of a dressing of basilicon ointment, will cause a copious effusion 
of serum. In cases of children and irritable persons, or those liable to strangury, this 
should always be done. To guard against this latter, it has been advised to interpose 
a piece of gauze, fine muslin, or tissue paper between the skin and the plaster : these 
should be moistened with oil. It is very doubtful, however, whether this plan is of 
any real advantage. 

In many persons, the action of a blister disposes to sleep; but in very sensitive 
individuals it causes much irritation ; this may be often obviated by the addition of a 
few grains of extract of hyoscyamus, or of belladonna, to the plaster. When it is 
requisite to cause a blister as rapidly as possible, the plaster of Spanish flies must be 
replaced by other means. In such cases, paper, moistened with oil of cantharides, or 
with the ethereal extract, will be found useful. The application of a pledget, wet with 
water of ammonia, will also act very rapidly. When a still more rapid effect is desired, 
the direct application of heat to the part may be ^sorted to, by means of a disk of 
polished metal, heated in boiling water, or by applymg a piece of wet blotting paper 
to the skin, and passing a hot flatiron over it. 

Some persons have a great dread of blisters, and object to the application of a large 
one; but, when the full effect of blistering is required, a large one should always be 
applied, for the pain and irritation caused by a large blister are very little greater 
than a small one occasions, whilst the benefit is more decided. Still, as the quantity 
of the discharge is in a great measure equivalent to the size of the vesication, large 
blisters depress more than small ones ; therefore, when they are intended merely as 
counter-irritants, small blisters are to be preferred. The size and shape of blisters vary 
greatly, according to the part to which they are to be applied, and the age of the 
patient. Dr. Dewees gives the following as the general size of blisters : — 

For the legs or thighs, from 7 to 8 inches long by 3 to 3i broad. 

For the back, from 7 to 8 inches long by 4 to 4 J broad. 

For the thorax, from 8 to 9 inches long by 7 to 8 broad. 

For the stomach, from 8 to 9 inches long by 6 to 7 broad. 

For the abdomen, from 10 to 11 inches long by 8 to 10 broad, if designed to cover 
the whole surface. 

For the ears, from the peculiarity of the shape, the size cannot well be defined. 

For the temples, from an inch to an inch and a half in diameter; they are usually 
circular. 

These are the sizes for adults; for younger persons they must, of course, be pro- 
portionally smaller. 

The dressing of a blister requires some skill on the part of a nurse; and much pain 
and inconvenience will be saved to the patient by the exercise of a little dexterity in 
the operation. Some trouble will be avoided by having everything necessary for the 
operation in readiness, as the plasters spread, bandages ready, &c. Each of the vesi- 
cles is to be carefully snipped, with the points of a pair of sharp scissors, at their most 
depending part, and the serum evacuated; but when the vesications are very small 
and numerous, this should not be attempted, as it would occasion unnecessary fatigue 
to the patient. In such case, the larger vesicles only are to be opened, and the smaller 
left till a subsequent dressing, when it is probable they will be found much increased 
in size. The cuticle should not be removed from the surface of the blistered part, 
except when it is wished to keep up a continued discharge, in which case the cuticle 
is best removed by the application of a hot poultice. When it is wished to heal the 
blistered surface, the dressing should be of simple cerate, thinly spread on a linen rag, 
and renewed twice a-day. When the object is to maintain the discharge for a short 
time, the dressing should consist of basilicon ointment. When a more permanent im- 
pression is desired, some more stimulating application, as savin ointment, must be 



60 INTRODUCTION. 



used. A blistered surface should seldom be washed, as this often causes chilliness and 
fatigue, and is generally useless. Some persons become faint when a blister is dressed 
for the first time : this should not excite alarm, as it is a mere sympathetic effect. The 
plaster for the dressings should not be larger than the blistered surface, as it causes 
irritation of the sound skin without aiding the discharge. Blisters sometimes, instead 
of healing properly, become painful and inflamed, and assume the appearance of an 
eroding or a phagedenic sore; this is best remedied by the application of a soft bread 
and milk poultice, having its surface anointed with fresh lard or cold cream. If this 
does not succeed, a lotion of lime-water and linseed will often be found effectual ; oxide 
of zinc ointment will likewise prove useful in some cases. When a blistered surface 
causes much itching, and renders the patient restless, washing the irritated surface 
with an infusion of flaxseed or slippery elm will, in most cases, relieve the uneasiness. 
One of the most distressing consequences, arising from the application of a blister, is 
the production of strangury, which invariably takes place in some persons whenever a 
blister is used; this is remedied by a free exhibition of emollient and mucilaginous 
diluents, opiates by the mouth and as an enema, external fomentations to the pubic 
region, &c. ; in some cases, a clyster of solution of sulphate of soda will act very effica- 
ciously. To prevent its occurrence, it has been found of benefit to incorporate cam- 
phor and opium with the epispastic ointment, say twelve grains of the former and 
four of the latter, for a blister sis inches square. It is said that boiling the flies in 
water, previous to their forrnatioTf into an ointment, will deprive them of the property 
of causing strangury. 

Errhines are medicines which, snuffed up the nostrils, cause an increased discharge 
of the nasal mucus, and generally the convulsive action of sneezing. They are now 
seldom prescribed, though undoubtedly useful in some cases ; but they should never be 
employed in persons disposed to apoplexy, or in those affected with hernia, prolapsus 
uteri, &c. 

Escharotics are topical agents,which, by a chemical or mechanical action, are capable 
of eroding or disorganizing the solid tissues of the part to which they are applied : those 
which act mechanically are actual cauteries, as a heated iron, moxa, &c. ; those which 
act chemically are caustics, as fused potassa, nitrate of silver, and chloride of zinc. 
In cauterizing with a heated iron, this should be at a white heat, as, at this tempera- 
ture, it occasions less pain to the patient, from its causing an immediate death of the 
part to which it is applied. In applying it to any part, the surrounding surface should 
be protected by some non-conducter of heat, but not by wet paper or cloth, as the 
sudden extrication of steam will produce a blistered surface around the burn, and will 
much increase the pain. The hot iron is rarely employed in this country, except to 
arrest hemorrhage ; in leech bites, where the usual means of stopping the bleeding are 
ineffectual, the application of the end of a heated wire to the wound will, in most 
cases, be found effectual. Another mode of applying the actual cautery is by means 
of moxa. This term is used for a small cone or cylinder of some slowly burning sub- 
stance, applied to the skin, set fire to, and suffered to burn slowly for a length of 
time proportionate to the effect intended to be produced; this is a very painful 
operation, and seldom employed in the United States. The chemical cauterants are 
numerous, and of various degrees of activity. In using the most powerful of them, 
caustic potassa, some precautions are necessary, owing to its great deliquescence; 
when it is employed to form an issue, layers of adhesive plaster should be placed on 
the skin, with a hole of the proper size cut in their centre, through which the caustic 
can be applied without danger of its spreading. The chloride of zinc, which is an 
excellent cauterant, is generally employed by forming it into a paste with flour. The 
chloride of antimony, though very powerful, from being a fluid, is difficult to manage, 
but has been advantageously used in cases of poisoned wounds. 

Expectorants are medicines which promote the expulsion of mucus or other 
matters from the air-passages. It is an ill-defined class of remedies, and is extremely 
uncertain in its action ; but we cannot, in this place, examine the propriety of retain- 
ing a division of the materia medica, the articles composing which act in an obscure 
and by no means regular manner, in almost all cases by a remote or secondary influ- 
ence of a nauseating or sedative character. At the same time, daily experience proves 



INTRODUCTION. 61 

that much benefit is derived, in diseases of the respiratory organs, from the administra- 
tion of substances which are usually considered expectorants, in whatever way they may 
primarily act on the system. No class of remedies has been more productive of injury 
than that of so-called cough medicines; nor in any one has quackery exercised a more 
unbounded sway. It is too common for persons to resort to their use in cough and 
catarrh without consulting a physician, thus often aggravating a trifling irritation until 
it becomes a serious, and oftentimes a fatal, inflammation ; for, as many of the articles 
composing them, especially those most frequently employed in domestic and empirical 
practice, are stimulants, much mischief is apt to follow their indiscriminate use. The 
following rules ought to be observed in the exhibition of expectorants — ought always to 
be enforced on the patient. The surface of the body should be kept moderately warm, 
so as to promote a gentle diaphoresis, and nothing done that may interfere with the 
primary operation of the remedy on the nervous, lymphatic, or muscular systems, by 
the secondary effect of which the lungs are benefited; hence, the use of any that 
excite diuresis, and more especially of purging, should be avoided; nor should the 
patient be allowed to indulge his appetite in food or drink of a stimulating character. 

Narcotics are medicines which lessen the manifestation of vital phenomena de- 
pendent upon the nervous system, especially deadening sensibility and diminishing 
the motor power: their full operations shown in sleep, or even coma. The most 
general objects in view in the administration of these articles are the production of 
sleep, or the alleviation of pain. No medicines are so much modified in their action 
by idiosyncrasy and habit. This does not extend to them as a class, but to each 
individually; hence, it is of importance that a physician should ascertain from a 
patient, before prescribing a narcotic, whether he has been long or frequently in the 
habit of using it, or whether it causes any unpleasant effects upon him, so that some 
other article of the class may be substituted. As regards the time at which a narcotic 
should be given, it depends upon the cause for which it is to be administered. 
Thus, if prescribed to allay pain, it may be given at any time, and repeated as long- 
as the pain remains; if to procure sleep, it is best given at night, and so late as to 
prevent the patient from being disturbed before it produces its full effect ; otherwise, 
it is apt to exercise a stimulating action. In many persons, the secondary effect of 
opium is to cause much nausea and headache after its narcotic action has ceased, 
which are best relieved by a cup of strong coffee, or by vegetable acids. When, 
however, this or any other narcotic produces these consequences, its use should be 
relinquished, and some other substituted. 

Kefrigerants are remedies which are supposed to diminish the heat of the 
body without causing a marked diminution of sensibility or nervous energy, and 
they are thought to do this, whether administered internally or applied externally; but 
it is very doubtful whether any medicines act as internal refrigerants independently 
of the coldness of the medium in which they are administered, except in a secondary 
manner. Diaphoretics act as refrigerants by inducing an increase of superficial eva- 
poration; sedatives, by lessening the force and rapidity of the circulation; purgatives, 
and especially the saline, by the copious watery evacuations they produce. The 
great refrigerant is cold water, whether applied topically or given internally. As a 
topical application, it is often mixed with fluids of greater volatility, that, by a more 
rapid evaporation, a proportionate abstraction of heat may take place. 

Sedatives are those remedial agents which diminish muscular tonicity, and the 
manifestation of nervous influence, even to the production of syncope, or a suspension, 
for a certain time, of the functions of the systems affected. Some act generally ; 
others more locally. Blood-letting and tartar emetic are examples of the first; hydro- 
cyanic acid, of the second. Most of the articles of this class are capable, if given in 
too large doses, or too long continued, of producing a depression of the vital powers 
which may induce death; and hence require to be administered with much care and 
judgment. 

Sialaoogues are medicines which induce an increased secretion from the salivary 
glands. The modes in which the articles composing this class act are various. 
Some are merely local irritants, as pellitory, horseradish, &c; and, when chewed, 



62 INTRODUCTION. 



produce such a local stimulation of the salivary glands as to produce a copious 
effusion of saliva and mucus. Another and more important section includes such 
articles as evince their sialagogue powers in a secondary manner, which does not take 
place until a powerful impression has been made on the system generally; to this 
belong mercury, gold, &c, and their preparations. In the first of these divisions, their 
medicinal powers depend wholly on sialagogue effects; hence, they are merely useful 
as counter-irritants; the local stimulation, and consequent increased secretion produced 
by their action, often acting advantageously in relieving inflammations and congestions 
of adjoining parts. The curative value of internal sialagogues, however, is not 
dependent on the salivary flow they occasion, for though, in many cases, this may be 
very great, yet it is not essential to their remedial action, and may, in fact, rather be 
considered as a proof that their full constitutional influence has been attained. 

" In administering mercury, with a view to the production of its constitutional effect, 
it should always be recollected that, if it be permitted to exert its sialagogue powers to 
any great extent, it always causes great distress to the patient, without producing a 
beneficial effect on the disease; and its operation should, therefore, be closely watched. 
The condition of the gums should be examined daily, and, as soon as they display 
evidence of the action of the remedy, it should be discontinued, or given at longer 
intervals. The constitution of the patient should be sedulously attended to, as mer- 
curials are apt to produce unpleasant consequences in delicate, nervous individuals, 
and are badly borne by the aged, who have suffered from previous attacks of illness. 
It is always dangerous to push them to salivation in children, as it frequently produces 
sloughing of the gums and cheeks. When too great a degree of salivation has been 
induced by the mercurials, it is of importance to check it as speedily as possible. This 
is to be attempted by cool air, and by washing the mouth with an infusion of some 
vegetable astringent, a solution of opium, or one of acetate of lead ; this latter is very 
efficacious, but has the property of rendering the teeth black. Marked benefit has also 
been derived from a weak solution of chloride of soda; much reliance is placed by 
some practitioners on the preparations of sulphur, especially the soluble sulphurets, 
both as a wash in solution, and administered as a powder. An infusion of the smooth 
sumach (rhus glabrum), as well as a strong solution of borax, has likewise been found 
very useful as a local application. When the inflammation is severe, the adminis- 
tration of cathartics, especially the saline, is requisite, and in some cases blisters and 
leeches. Where a tendency to slough exists, the application of diluted pyroligneous 
acid will be found advantageous. 

Stimulants are remedies which increase the vital activity of the system, or of a single 
organ, the first being termed general, and the latter local stimulants. Much discrimi- 
nation and caution are required in the administration of articles of this class, because, 
if given when inflammation is present, they are liable to create more mischief than 
benefit; but they are called for when, on the decline of that condition of an organ, 
or organs, a state of relaxation or torpidity exists. In this state of things, a gentle 
stimulation materially assists the functions, and is productive of much benefit. 

Tonics are closely allied to stimulants, and some of them act in this manner; but 
most of them do not cause any sensible excitation of the system, whilst, at the 
same time, they gradually impart tone and activity to the vital powers. With the 
exception of iron, most tonics act primarily on the nervous system, and secondarily 
on the muscular, on which latter their power is most distinctly marked. Iron appears 
to act in a different manner, by altering or improving the condition of the blood, and 
consequently increasing the tone of the system. One of the most valuable properties 
of many articles of this class is that of curing diseases of a periodic type; in what 
manner, it is difficult to explain, as the laws that govern periodicity are but little un- 
derstood. 

In prescribing the autiperiodic tonics in fevers, as cinchona and its salts, their use 
should be confined to the intermissions, and, in most cases, in as large doses as the 
stomach will bear with impunity, so timing the doses that one may be taken a short 
time before the expected paroxysm. Quinia and its preparations, although eminently 
autiperiodic, are not possessed of the tonic properties of the bark itself, and, in the 



INTRODUCTION. 



large doses recommended of late, are apt to induce unpleasant affections of the head, 
as vertigo, ringing in the ears, headache, and mental delusions. In administering 
arsenic as antiperiodic, its effects should be carefully watched, and be discontinued 
when it causes constitutional symptoms, as vertigo, and oedema; nor should it be 
given in debilitated habits, and where the pulse is. weak and feeble. It is better, in 
all cases, to commence its use in small doses, and to increase them until the stomach 
is somewhat affected, when the quantity is to be diminished, or even discontinued. 

Management oe Convalescence and Relapses. 

The management of a patient, after the cessation of an attack of disease, and when 
he is declared convalescent, is of equal importance with the treatment during the con- 
tinuance of the malady; and yet it is one strangely neglected by the physician, and 
is too often trusted to nurses and friends. In all recoveries from sickness, the organs, 
or parts which have been affected, remain for some time in an excitable condition, and 
liable to recurrence of the disease on the slightest provocation ; and it is of much conse- 
quence to inquire what causes operate most frequently in thus producing a relapse. It 
will be found that they generally consist in the indulgence in food, either in too great 
quantity, or of an improper character, or in the too early or imprudent exposure to 
the weather, or in over-exertion of any kind. 

Diet. — The stomach, in common with every other part of the body, suffers from a 
diminution of its normal vigor and power of digestion, and, as a necessary consequence, 
when food of too nutritious a character is taken into it, it is unable to digest it 
properly; hence, part of it remains in an undigested state, oppressing the weakened 
organ, and is either rejected by vomiting, or causes diarrhoea; or, if the stomach is 
capable of converting it into nourishment, an undue stimulation of that organ ensues, 
which will result in fever. This latter state of things is also induced by the admi- 
nistration of stimulating drinks. No animal substance, in any form, should be allowed 
during the continuance of acute febrile disease, nor immediately after its cessation. 
When it is permitted, it should be at first as little stimulating as possible, and in 
small quantities at a time; but is to be gradually increased in quantity and quality 
as the patient gains strength. An invalid should be very cautious in the use of cer- 
tain articles, considered by nurses and others as peculiarly nourishing and proper for 
the sick, namely, animal jellies of all kinds. These are exceedingly indigestible, even 
in a state of perfect health — added to which, they are, in most cases, rendered highly 
stimulating by the addition of wine or spices. 

Exercise. — Another frequent cause of a relapse is over-exertion, from the common, 
but eiToneous, notion that a convalescent will not recover his strength, except he takes 
as much exercise as he can bear. Properly regulated exertion is highly serviceable; 
but it should never be carried so far as to produce exhaustion, and should be pursued 
for some time in doors, before it be attempted in the open air : the latter, at first, 
should always take place in a carriage, that can be opened or closed at will ; the 
patient may then attempt short walks in the open air; but, in all cases, it is of 
importance that he is not unduly fatigued, as otherwise injury instead of benefit will 
be the result. One of the most serious errors, committed with regard to exertion, is 
that of permitting a convalescent to sit up too frequently, or for too long a time, under 
the mistaken notion of giving him strength. A patient should never be allowed to 
sit up longer than is agreeable to his feelings, and never so long as to produce a 
sense of fatigue. 

Air. — Great care must be taken that an invalid is not exposed to cold or damp air, 
especially if his skin be disposed to moisture; to guard him from sudden changes of 
temperature, he should wear flannel next to his skin, and have his feet well protected 
by warm stockings. In every convalescence, from whatever disease, country air is far 
more invigorating than the vitiated atmosphere of towns; but care must be exercised 
in the selection of the location, as to its freedom from malaria, &c, for it is far pre- 
ferable that he should remain within the precincts of the city, than expose himself to 
the influence of causes which act with peculiar activity on a system debilitated by 
previous disease. 



UNIVERSAL FORMULARY. 



ABSINTHIUM. 

Wormwood. 

This name is applied to several species of 
Artemisia, all, however, possessing the same 
properties. That recognized in the U.S. Phar- 
macopoeia, and most generally employed, is A. 
absinthium, a native of Europe, and commonly 
cultivated in our gardens. 

Sex. Syst. Synges. super. Nat. Syst. Asteracese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1188. Griffith, Med. Bot. 405. 

The parts used, are the tops or extremities of 
the branches. These have a grayish-white co- 
lor ; a soft, silky feel, a fragrant odor, and a very 
bitter taste. They impart their properties to 
water or alcohol. 

Wormwood has been employed as a stimulat- 
ing tonic, in various forms of dyspepsia, in ame- 
norrhcea, chronic leucorrhoga, gout, verminose 
affections. &c. It is given in a variety of forms. 

Infusion or "Wormwood. 
R. Wormwood one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. 

Brande. 

Extract of Wormwood. 
R. Wormwood one part 

Boiling water six parts 

Boil, express, and evaporate to a proper 
consistence. Dose, ten to twenty grains. 
Tonic and stomachic. Giordano. 

Clyster of Wormwood. 
R. Wormwood 
Rue 

Savine, each, three drachms 

^ Boiling water one pint 

Boil, strain, and add to each half pint 

Castor oil half an ounce 

Foy. 

Tincture of Wormwood. 

R. Wormwood one part 

Alcohol eight parts 

Digest with a gentle heat for five days, 

express, and filter. Tonic, stomachic, and 

5 



vermifuge. Dose, from one fl. scruple to 
two fl. drachms. Guibourt. 

Alkaline Tincture of Wormwood. 
R. Wormwood 
Tansy 
Centaury 

Bog Bean, each, eight parts 

Alcohol one hundred and twenty parts 

Carbonate of Potassa one part 

Digest for six days, and filter. Dose, one 

or two fl. drachms. In dyspepsia and 

flatulent colic. Hoffmann. 

Syrup of Wormwood. 
R. Fresh wormwood at will 

Bruise, without washing, express, coagu- 
late the juice by heat, filter, form a syrup 
with sugar, nine parts to five of juice. 

Van Mons. 

Wine of Wormwood. 
R. Wormwood two parts 

White wine fifty parts 

Digest for four days, express, and filter. A 
stomachic bitter and anthelmintic. Dose, 
one fl. ounce. Taddei. 

Oil of Wormwood. 
R. Tops of wormwood one part 

Olive oil eight parts 

Heat for two hours on a water-bath, stir- 
ring often, express, and filter. As an em- 
brocation to the abdomen, in cardialgia, 
diarrhoea, &c. Wurtem Ph. 

Essential Oil of Wormwood. 
R. Tops of wormwood at will 

Water sufficient 

Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the 
product. Dose, two to four drops several 
times a-day. Par. Cod. 

Compound Spirit of Wormwood. 
R. Wormwood four pounds 

Juniper eight ounces 



ACACIA. 



Cinnamon two ounces 

Angelica root half an ounce 

Alcohol eighteen pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, distil twelve 

pints, pour back and re-distil ten pints. 

Guibourt. 

Ratafia of Wormwood. 
R. White sugar 

Water, each, forty ounces 

Dissolve, and add 

Orange-flower water six fi. ounces 
Previously beaten with white 

of egg one 

Then add 

Compound spirit of 

wormwood fifty-six fl. ounces 

Heat on a water-bath, cool, and filter. 

Guibourt. 



ACACIA. 

Gum Arabic. 



This gnm is derived from several species of 
Acacia, as A. vera, A. Senegal, A. arabica, &c. 

Sex. Syst. Polygam. monoscia. Nat. Syst. Fa- 
bacese. 

Willdenow. Sp. PI. iv. Griffith. Med. Bot. 270. 

In tears or fragments of various sizes, often 
rounded ; colorless or of a yellowish tint, semi- 
transparent, inodorous, of a slightly sweetish mu- 
cilaginous taste. Wholly soluble in water, form- 
ing a mucilage. Insoluble in alcohol. Demulcent 
and nutritive. 

Mucilage of Gum x^rabic. 

R. Powdered gum Arabic four ounces 
Boiling water half a pint 

Add the water gradually to the gum, and 
rub together, till the mucilage is formed. 
Strain. Principally used to suspend inso- 
luble powders or to diffuse oily and re- 
sinous substances through aqueous fluids. 
U. S. PL 

Mixture of Gum Arabic. 
R. Mucilag. of gum 

Arabic three fl. ounces 

Sweet almonds ten drachms 

Sugar five drachms 

Water two pints 

Blanch the almonds, beat them to pulp 
with the sugar and mucilage, add the wa- 
ter gradually, constantly stirring. Strain. 
Ed. Ph. Demulcent and emollient. Used 
to appease cough and to allay irritation. 

Gum Arabic Mixture. 
R. Mucilage of gum Arabic six fl. ounces 
Oil of sweet almonds three fl. drachms 
Syrup of saffron one fl. ounce 



Solution carbonate am- 
monia (Lond.) half fl. drachm 
Mix, and make emulsion. A tablespoonful 
occasionally, in catarrh. Ainslie. 

Gum Lozenges. 
R. Gum Arabic four ounces 

Starch one ounce 

Sugar one pound 

Pulverize, mix, and form a consistent paste 
with sufficient rose water, to form lozenges 
of convenient size. A useful article to 
allay irritation of the throat in catarrh. 

Pectoral Paste of Gum Arabic. 
R. Gum Arabic two pounds 

Dissolve in water, and add 

Sugar one pound and a half 

Evaporate to a proper consistence, adding 

Orange-flower water three drachms 
Employed to allay irritation, like the last. 

Foy. 

Pate de Guimauve. 
R. Gum Arabic 

powdered two pounds, four ounces 
White sugar two pounds 

Whites of eggs twenty 

Double orange-flower 

water six fl. ounces 

Dissolve the gum and sugar in a sufficiency 
of water, strain, next day decant, evaporate 
by a gentle heat to consistence of honey, 
add the whites of eggs and stir briskly, 
continue the evaporation; when almost 
complete add the orange-flower water, and 
continue to stir; pour on a marble slab, and 
keep in a tin box. Cules. 

Gum Arabic Paste. 
R. Gum Arabic one pound 

Dissolve on a water- 
bath, in water eight fl. ounces 
Evaporate to the consistence of honey. 
Add 

Whites of egg six 

Orange-flower water two ounces 

Beat well together. When sufficiently con- 
sistent, run into moulds. 
Used for the same purposes as last. Beral. 

Syrup of Gum. 
R. Gum Arabic four ounces 

Sugar one pound 

Boiling water one pint 

Dissolve by means of a water-bath, let set- 
tle for some time, remove scum, and strain. 
A good addition to pectoral and other mix- 
tures. U. S. Ph. 1830. 

Compound Syrup of Gum Arabic. 
R. Syrup of gum Arabic four fl. ounces 



ACETOSELLA— ACETUM. 



Sulphate of morphine one grain 

Oil of sassafras one drop 

Hoffmann's anodyne half fl. drachm 

Mix. Known as Jackson's cough syrup, 

and much used in catarrhs, &c. Jackson. 

Linctus of Gum Arabic. 
R. Guni Arabic one part 

Clarified honey three parts 

Incorporate the gum with the honey. The 
dose is a teaspoonful occasionally, to re- 
lieve irritation of the throat in catarrh. 

Beral. 

Wendt's Mixture of Gum Arabic. 
R. Mucilage gum Arabic 

Linden-flower water equal parts 

Found useful in doses of a teaspoonful 
every hour in the diarrhoea of infants. 

Radius. 

Tronchtn's Lozenges of Gum Arabic. 
R. Powdered gum Arabic eight ounces 
Precipitated sulphuret 

of antimony 

Anise each four scruples 

Extract of liquorice two ounces 

Extract of opium twelve grains 

White sugar two pounds 

Mix, and form lozenges of six grains, one 

to be used occasionally in catarrh and 

bronchial affections. Tronchin. 



ACETOSELLA. 
Wood Sorrel. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. Pentag. Nat. Syst. Oxali 
daceae. Lindley. 

Oxalis acetosella. Linn. Torrey and Gray, Fl. 
L 811. Griffith, Med. Bot. 20S. 

A native of Europe and the United States. 
The whole plant is used. It is agreeably acid, 
from its containing a binoxalate of potassa. It 
is refreshing and cooling, and is said to be useful 
in scorbutic affections. 

Extract of Wood Sorrel. 
R. Wood sorrel one part 

Bruise in a mortar, express the juicc ; and 
pour on the marc 

Water three parts 

Boil for an hour, express, evaporate, add- 
ing the juice, to the consistence of an ex- 
tract. Acid and bitter. Dose, a scruple 
to half a drachm. Pideret. 



ACETUM. 
Vinegar. 

Impure and very dilute acetic acid, contain- 
ing about five per cent, of real acid. It is the 



67 



result of acetous fermentation of any fluid which 
is susceptible of vinous fermentation. It is prin- 
cipally obtained in Europe from malt or weak 
wine, and in this country from cider. 

It is employed internally as a refrigerant and 
diuretic, and is a grateful addition to diluent 
drinks in febrile affections. It is also sometimes 
used as a clyster. Externally it is beneficial as 
a fomentation, and likewise forms a useful addi- 
tion to gargles and collyria. U. S. Dis. 

Vinegar Mixture. 
R. Vinegar three ounces 

Honey two ounces 

Water three pints 

Mix. As a cooling drink in fevers. 

Ammon. 

R. Vinegar one ounce 

Acetic ether one drachm 

Syrup of raspberries three ounces 

Water two pints 

Mix. As a refreshing drink in fevers. 

Augustin. 

Mixture of Vinegar and Cardamoms. 

R. Vinegar one drachm 

Comp. tincture of car- 
damoms 
Simple syrup, each, half an ounce 
Water ten ounces 

Mix. To be taken in such portions as 

the stomach can bear. In sick headache. 





Vinegar Pastilles. 


R 


Powdered white sugar 


four parts 




Heat moderately, and add 


Vinegar 
Make pastilles. 


one part 
Neuman. 




Gargle of Vinegar. 


R. Vinegar 

Honey 

Barley water, each, 
Mix. As a mouth-wash or 


two parts 

eight parts 
gargle in in- 


fla 


oaed fauces. 


Soubeiran. 



R. Vinegar two fl. drachms 

Muriate of ammonia one drachm 

Honey one and a half fl. ounces 

Water twelve fl. ounces 

Mix. As a gargle in inflamed fauces. 

Ratter. 

Syrup of Vinegar. 
R . Vinegar eleven fl. ounces 

Sugar fourteen ounces 

Boil together. Ed. Ph. 

Mixed with water forms a pleasant and 
refreshing drink in febrile complaints. 



Vinegar Cataplasm. 



R. Vinegar 
Flour 



one part 
three parts 



68 



ACIDUM ACETICUM. 



Make cataplasm. An astringent and anti- 
septic application. Beral. 

Distilled Vinegar. 
Distil a gallon of vinegar, by means of a 
sand-bath, from a glass retort into a glass 
receiver. Discontinue the process when 
seven pints shall have been distilled, and 
keep these for use. U. S. Ph. 



ACIDUM ACETICUM. 

Acetic Acid. 
R. Acetate of soda in 

powder one pound 

Sulphuric acid half a pound 

Red oxide of lead one drachm 

Pour the acid into a glass retort, gradually 
add the acetate of soda, and by means of 
a sand-bath, at a gentle heat, distil the 
acetic acid, till the residuum becomes dry. 
Mix the distilled liquid with the red oxide 
of lead and again distil, with a moderate 
heat, to dryness. JJ. S. Ph. 

Diluted Acetic Acid. 
R. Acetic acid half a pint 

Distilled water five pints 

Mix. U. S. Ph. 

Aromatic Vinegar. 
R. Acetic acid one pint 

Camphor two ounces 

Oil of lavender one drachm 

Oil of cinnamon twenty drops 

Oil of cloves 
Oil of rosemary, each, 



Mix. 

R. Acetic acid 

Oil of cloves 

Oil of rosemary 

Oil of bergamot 

Oil of cinnamon, each, 

Oil of pimento 

Oil of lavender 

Oil of neroli 

Camphor 

Alcohol 
Mix. 



thirty drops 
Gray. 

one pint 
one drachm 
two scruples 



half a drachm 

twenty-four grains 

one scruple 

ten drops 

one ounce 

half an ounce 

Cooley. 



Aromatic vinegar is used as a pungent and re- 
viving perfume in fainting, &c. As it is corro- 
sive, it should not be allowed to come in contact 
with the skin or clothes. It is also prepared in 
the dry way. as follows : 

R. Crystallized acetate 

of soda one drachm 

Sulphuric acid twenty drops 

Oil of lemons 



Oil of cloves, each, three drops 

Mix, and keep in a glass-stoppered bottle. 

Gray. 
R. Dried rosemary 

Origanum, each, one ounce 

Lavender half an ounce 

Bruised cloves half a drachm 

Acetic acid (1.068) one pint and a-half 
Macerate for seven days, strain, express, 
and filter. Edin. Ph., 1839. 

Aromatic Spirit of Vinegar. 



R. Strong acetic acid 

Camphor 

Oil of lavender 

Oil of cinnamon 

Oil of cloves 
Mix. To be kept ii 
bottle. 



one pint 

two ounces 

nine minims 

twenty minims 

half a drachm 

a glass-stoppered 

Paris Cod. 



Acetic Acid Cataplasm. 
R. Rye meal three parts 

Diluted acetic acid one part 

Mix. Used as an application to ill-condi- 
tioned ulcers. Taddei. 

Acetic Acid Clyster. 
R. Barley water six ounces 

Diluted acetic acid one to three ounces 
Mix. The proportion of diluted acid may 
be varied according to the indication. Has 
been advised in obstinate constipation, 
ileus, &c. Swediaur. 

Prophylactic Vinegar. 
R. Dried rosemary and 

sage, each, one ounce 

Dried lavender flowers half an ounce 

Bruised cloves half a drachm 

Distilled vinegar two pounds 

Macerate for seven days, press, and filter. 

Ed. Ph. 

This is intended as a substitute for the com- 
plicated formula formerly used, for Thieves' vine- 
gar, at one time so celebrated as a preservative 
against the plague. It has no advantages over 
it. 

Vinegar of the Four Thieves. 
R. Wormwood 

Roman wormwood 

Rosemary 

Sage 

Mint 

Rue, each, one ounce and a-half 

Lavender flowers two ounces 

Garlic 

Calamus 

Cinnamon 

Cloves 

Nutmegs, each, 

Distilled vinegar 



two drachms 
eight pints 



ACIDUM ACETICUM EMPYREUMATICUM— ACIDUM ARSENIOSUM. 69 



Digest by a moderate heat, in a c' 
stopped matrass, for twelve days, strain, 
express, and filter, then add one ounce of 
camphor dissolved in alcohol. Lewis. 



ACIDUM ACETICUM EMPY- 
KEUMATICUM. 

Pyroligneous Acid. 

Pyroligneous acid is an impure acetic acid, 
obtained by a destructive distillation of wood. It 
contains creasote, empyreumatic oil, &c, and has 
been employed in gangrene to correct the fetor 
and to promote the separation of sloughs, and 
also as an application to unhealthy ulcers. 

Dispens. U. S. Dunglison, N. R. 13. 

Mouth Wash. 
R. Pyroligneous acid half a fl. ounce 

Cinnamon water four fl. ounces 

Syrup of mulberries two fl. ounces 
Mix. Used as a mouth-wash in cancrum 
oris. It should be kept in an opaque glass 
vessel to prevent decomposition. Phoebus. 

Injection or Pyroligneous Acid. 

B- Pyroligneous acid two fl. drachms 

Distilled water six fl. ounces 

Mix. In purulent discharges from the ear. 

Buchanan. 

Cataplasm of Pyroligneous Acid. 
B . Bran half a pound 

Linseed meal one ounce 

Mix well, and add 

Pyroligneous acid q. s. 

To make a cataplasm. 
As an application to foul ulcers. Reece. 



ACIDUM ARSENIOSUM. 

White Arsenic. 

Arsenious acid is found in the shops, in the 
form of semi-transparent or opaque lumps, or in 
that of a heavy white powder. It has no smell. 
and its taste is slightly acrid. It is volatile at a 
red heat, giving off white fumes of a garlic like 
odor. Extremely poisonous and corrosive, even 
in minute doses. U. S. Dis. 

Arsenical Powder. 
B. White Arsenic one part 

Calomel one hundred and ninety- 

nine parts 
Mix. Recommended in obstinate cases of 
lepra and cancerous ulcers. Dv/puytrcn. 

Compound Powder of White Arsenic. 

R. White arsenic six drachms 

Powdered dragon's blood two drachms 
Animal charcoal four scruples 



Cinnabar three ounces 

Mix, and triturate well. Has been used 
in the same description of cases. 

Van Mons. 
R. White arsenic one part 

Kino eight parts 

Cinnabar sixteen parts 

Mix, and triturate well. Ratier. 

Employed in the French hospitals as a 
caustic to cancerous sores. 

Arsenical Ointment. 
B- White arsenic one drachm 

Lard 

Spermaceti cerate, each, six drachms 
Melt the cerate and lard by a gentle heat, 
and add the arsenic ; triturate well in a 
glass mortar till perfectly united. 

Soubeiran. 

Arsenical Cerate. 

B- Powdered white arsenic one scruple 

Simple cerate one ounce 

Mix the arsenic with the cerate softened 

by heat, and triturate well. U. S. Ph. 

Solution of Arsenic. 
B- White arsenic one scruple 

Distilled water two fl. ounces 

Dissolve. This and the foregoing ointment 
have been employed as applications to can- 
cerous sores, but are always dangerous from 
the poisonous symptoms induced by the 
absorption of the arsenic. 

Arsenical Pills. 
B- White arsenic two grains 

Powdered opium three grains 

White soap eight grains 

Powdered liquorice root q. s. 

Mix well and divide into twenty pills. 
Each of these pills contains y^th of a grain 
of arsenic. They have been given in doses 
of one, two, or three times a-day, according 
to circumstances, in diseases of an inter- 
mittent character. Ellis. 

Arsenic and Pepper Pills. 

B- White arsenic one grain 

Black pepper twelve grains 

Gum Arabic two grains 

Distilled water q. s. 

Triturate the arsenic and pepper for a 

long time, add the gum and water, and 

rub well together. Make twelve pills; 

each of which will contain T Lth of a grain 

of arsenic. Guibourt. 

B- White arsenic fifty-five grains 

Powdered black pepper nine drachms 
Conserve of roses sufficient 



70 



ACIDUM BENZOICUM— ACIDUM BORACICUM. 



Mix, and make eight hundred pills. One 
daily in chronic psoriasis. 

Cazenave and Schedel. 

Pills of Arsenic and Opium. 
R. Arsenious acid two grains 

Powdered opium eight grains 

Soap one scruple 

Beat together and divide into twenty-four 
pills. One to be taken three times a-day. 
Have been found useful in intermittent 
fevers, periodical headaches, neuralgia, and 
lepra. A. T. Thomson. 



ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 
Benzoic Acid. 
R. Benzoin, any convenient quantity, 
put it into a glass vessel on a sand-bath, 
gradually increase the heat, and sublime 
as long as anything ascends. Wrap the 
sublimate in bibulous paper, and press, to 
separate the oil, and again sublime. 

U. S. Ph. 

R. Benzoin five parts 

Quicklime 

Hydrochloric acid, each, one part 

Water two hundred parts 

Triturate the benzoin with the lime, boil 
in 100 parts of water, let stand, and when 
cold pour off the liquid. Boil residuum 
in 70 parts water, and pour off liquid when 
cold. Mis the solutions and evaporate to 
one half, filter, and gradually add the hy- 
drochloric acid, wash the precipitate with 
the remainder of the water, dry, and sub- 
lime by a slow fire. Dub. Ph. 

Benzoic acid is in the form of white, feathery- 
hexagonal crystals, when pure having no odor, 
but usually with an agreeable smell from the 
presence of oil. The taste is acrid acid. It is 
converted into hippuric acid, and voided by the 
urine when taken by man. and has been recom- 
mended in the uric acid diathesis and gout, but 
does not appear to be of any benefit. It has, 
however, been serviceable in catarrh of the 
bladder, and where there is a secretion of gra- 
nular mucus with phosphates. It is also bene- 
ficial as a stimulating expectorant. 

Mixture op Benzoic Acid and Copaiba. 

R. Benzoic acid one drachm 

Balsam copaiba half fl. ounce 

White of egg q. s. 

Camphor water seven fl. ounces 

Mix. Dose, two tablespoonfuls three times 

a-day. Recommended in chronic dysuria 

and vesical irritation. Walker. 



Powder of Benzoic Acid and Ipeca- 
cuanha. 
R. Benzoic acid two scruples 

Ipecacuanha six grains 

Golden sulphur of 

antimony three grains 

White sugar one drachm 

Mix, and triturate well. Divide into six 
powders. Dose, one, four times a-day in 
barley water. Said to be useful in asthenic 
pneumonia. Phoebus. 

Mixture of Benzoic Acid. 
R. Benzoic acid 

Sulphur, each, one scruple 

Ipecacuanha six grains 

Honey six ounces 

Syrup of seneka 

Syrup of squills, each, one ounce 

Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, three or four 
times a-day, in the chronic catarrh of 
elderly persons. St. Marie. 



ACIDUM BORACICUM. 

Boracio Acid. 

R. Powdered borax forty parts 

Boiling water one hundred parts 

Dissolve, and add 

Muriatic acid twenty-five parts 

Collect the acid, which crystallizes on cool- 
ing, on a filter, drain, wash with cold water, 
and dry at 234° F. If not pure, dissolve 
and recrystallize. Wachenroder. 

If sulphuric acid be used, as is generally ad- 
vised, it is almost impossible to free the boracic 
acid from a trace of it. 

Mixture of Boracic Acid. 
R. Boracic acid ten grains 

Oil of sweet almonds 
Syrup of lemons, each, one drachm 
Mix. Advised in cardialgia; to be re- 
peated until a cessation of the pain. 

Pierquin. 

COLLUTORY WITH BORACIC ACID. 

R. Cloves 
Galangal 
Ginger 

Peruvian bark, each, two drachms 
Gum lac one and a half drachms 

Benzoin 

Storax, each, half a drachm 

Alcohol six fl. drachms 

Acetic acid one and a half fl. ounces 
Vinegar five fl. ounces 

Macerate, press, and filter, and add 



ACIDUM CITRICUM— ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM. 



71 



Boracic acid half a drachm 

This has been recommended as a mouth- 
wash in a scorbutic condition of the gums. 
When used it is to be diluted with water. 
Phoebus. 



ACIDUM CITRICUM. 

Citric Acid. 

This exists naturally in the juices of many 
fruits ; to obtain it pure, boiling lemon or lime 
juice is to be saturated with chalk, when car- 
bonic acid is given off, and an insoluble citrate 
is formed ; this is to be washed and decomposed 
by boiling with dilute sulphuric acid ; inso- 
luble sulphate of lime precipitates, and the citric 
acid remains in solution and crystallizes on 
evaporation. To purify, dissolve in water and 
recrystallize. Dispens. U. S. 

Artificial Lemon Juice. 

R. Citric acid one ounce 

Distilled water fourteen fl. ounces 
Oil of lemons five drops 

Mix. 



Lozenges of Citric Acid. 
R. Citric acid three drachms 

White sugar one pound 

Oil of lemons sixteen drops 

Triturate well, and add 

Mucilage of tragacanth q. s. 

Make lozenges of twelve grains each. 

Gottereau. 

Syrup of Citric Acid. 
R. Citric acid five drachms 

Water ten drachms 

Simple syrup two pounds 

Tincture of fresh lemon 

peel one drachm 

Dissolve the acid in the water, mix with 
the syrup at a boiling heat, and, when 
cold, add the tincture. Soubeiran. 

Dry Lemonade. 

R. Citric acid two drachms 

White sugar four ounces 

Oil of lemons eight drops 

Mix well. A spoonful to a tumbler of 

water. Gray. 



ACIDUM GALLICUM. 
Gallic Acid. 

It is not certain that this acid exists as such 
in nature, or whether it arises from the decom- 
position of tannic acid. It is usually prepared 
from galls, Many processes have been devised. 

R. Decoction of galls at will 

Expose to action of air in a loosely covered 
vessel for some months; it will grow 



mouldy, and become covered with a gluti- 
nous pellicle, and gallic acid will be de- 
posited on the sides of the vessel and on 
the under surface of the pellicle ; collect, 
dissolve, and recrystallize. Scheele. 

R. Decoction of galls at will 

Sulphuric acid sufficient 

to precipitate, wash the precipitate with 
and dissolve by aid of heat in diluted sul- 
phuric acid, boil for a few minutes, let 
cool, and collect the crystals. Liebig. 

Gallic acid is a powerful astringent, and has 
been found useful in hemorrhages and fluxes, 
as well as in checking night sweats in phthisis. 

Pills of Gallic Acid. 
R. Gallic acid q. s. 

Extract gentian sufficient to form 
pills of two to five grains each. One to 
be given every three or four hours. 
Useful in menorrhagia, hematuria, &c. 



Injection of Gallic Acid. 
R. Gallic acid one scruple to one 

drachm 
Water two pints 

Mix. Found beneficial in leucorrhcea. 

Dunglison. 



ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM. 

Hydrocyanic Acid. 
R. Ferrocyanuret of potassium two ounces 
Sulphuric acid one ounce and a half 
Distilled water sufficient 

Mix the acid with four fl. ounces of the 
water, and pour the mixture, when cool, 
into a glass retort. To this add the ferro- 
cyanuret, previously dissolved in ten fl. 
ounces of the water. Pour eight fl. ounces 
of distilled water into a cooled receiver, and 
having attached the retort, distil on a sand- 
bath, with a moderate heat, six fl. ounces. 
Lastly, add to the product five fl. ounces 
of distilled water, or as much as will render 
the acid of such strength, that 100 grains 
will be accurately saturated by 12.7 grains 
of nitrate of silver. U. S. Ph. 

Extemporaneous Hydrocyanic Acid. 

R. Cyanuret of silver fifty grains and a half 

Muriatic acid forty-one grains 

Distilled water one fl. ounce 

Mix the acid with the water, and add the 

cyanuret, and shake in a well-stopped 

bottle. Let settle, decant, and keep for 

use. U. S. Ph. 

This acid should be kept in closely stopped 



ACIDUM HYDRIODICUM— ACIDUM HYDROSULPHURICUM. 



72 

— i 

bottles, protected from the light. It is a trans- 
parent, volatile liquid, of a cooling and then 
somewhat irritating taste, and a peculiar smell. 
It is the most active poison known, and must be 
used with extreme caution. It is used as an 
anodyne and antispasmodic, in many diseases. 
The dose is from one to six drops mixed with 
gum water or syrup, always beginning with the 
smallest quantity and gradually increasing. 

Mixture or Hydrocyanic Acid. 
R. Medicinal hydrocyanic 

acid one fl. drachm 

Distilled water one pint 

Sugar one ounce and a-half 

Mix. A desertspoonful twice a-day, gra- 
dually increasing the dose. Magendie. 

R. Powdered gum Arabic half an ounce 
Water seven fl. ounces and a-half 

Dissolve, and add 

Syrup of tolu half fl. ounce 

Hydrocyanic acid twelve drops 

Mix. A tablespoonful every three hours 

in the cough of phthisis. S. G. Morton. 

R. Medicinal hydrocyanic 

acid half a drachm 

Powdered sugar 

candy one ounce and a-half 

Syrup of red cabbage 

" Mallow, each,' two ounces 
" Balsam of tolu 
" Maidenhair, each, one ounce 
" Poppies 

" Cinnamon, each, two drachms 
Mix. A spoonful occasionally. Pierquin. 

Syrup or Hydrocyanic Acid. 
R. Medicinal hydro- 
cyanic acid four grains and a-half 
Clarified syrup one ounce 

Mix. Contains T \ of grain of anhydrous 
acid. Magendie. 

Julep of Hydrocyanic Acid. 
R. Medicinal hydrocyanic 

acid fifteen drops 

Hoffmann's anodyne two fl. ounces 
Syrup of marsh mallow three fl. ounces 
Mix. A spoonful every two hours. 

Pierquin. 

R. Medicinal hydrocyanic 

acid two to four drops 

Syrup of peppermint one fl. ounce 
Infusion of linden four fl. ounces 

Mix. A spoonful every hour. Foy. 

Injection op Hydrocyanic Acid. 
R. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid one part 

Distilled water four parts 

In gonorrhoea. Foy. 



Lotion of Hydrocyanic Acid. 
R . Hydrocyanic acid half fl. ounce 

Alcohol one fl. ounce 

Distilled water ten fl. ounces and a half 
Mix. As lotion, in impetigo. 

A. T. Thomson. 
R. Medicinal hydrocyanic 

acid two fl. drachms 

Lettuce water two pints 

Mix. In hepatic affections. Magendie. 

R. Hydrocyanic acid half fl. drachm 

Bicarbonate of soda two drachms 

Milk eight fl. ounces 

Mix. In milky scall. A. T. Thomson. 



ACIDUM HYDRIODICUM. 
Hydriodic Acid. 
R. Tartaric acid two hundred and sixty- 
four grains 
Iodide of potassium three hundred and 
thirty grains 
Dissolve each in one fl. ounce and a half of 
distilled water. Mix the solutions, shake 
and let settle, filter, and add distilled water 
to make up measure of six and a quarter 
fl. ounces. Buchanan. 

Has the same properties as iodine; dose, at 
first a few drops, gradually to half a fl. ounce 
three times a-day. 



ACIDUM HYDROSULPHU- 
RICUM. 

Sulphuretted Hydrogen. 
R. Sulphuret of iron 

Sulphuric acid equal parts 

Pulverize the sulphuret, and gradually 
pour on it the acid diluted with three times 
its weight of water, and collect the gas. 

Van Mans. 
This gas is an active poison, but has been ad- 
ministered in colica pictonum and mercurial 
affections. It is, however, much employed ex- 
ternally in cutaneous diseases. 

Powder against Salivation. 
R. Sulphuret of magnesia one drachm 
Tartaric acid two scruples 

White sugar four scruples 

Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One 
to be taken every three hours in a little 
water, during the effervescence. Radius. 

Hydrosulphuretted Bath. 
R . Sulphuret of potash four ounces 

Water one pint 



ACIDUM LACTICUM— ACIDUM MURIATICUM. 



73 



Muriatic acid two drachms 

Pour the whole into the bath. 

Advised in chronic diseases of the skin, 

rheumatism, and certain cases of paralysis. 

Cadet de Gassicourt. 

Artificial Sulphuretted Water. 

R. Carbonate of soda twelve grains 

Liquid hydrosulphuric acid two pints 

Water six pints 

To be kept in well-closed bottles. Has 

been recommended in colica pictonum. 

Foy. 

Hydro sulphuretted Lotion. 
R. Sulphuret of potash twenty-four parts 

Water two hundred and fifty parts 
Dissolve, and add 

Sulphuric acid one part 

Used as a wash in chronic diseases of the 
skin. Dupuytren. 



ACIDUM LACTICUM. 

Lactic Acid. 
R. Sugar six pounds 

Tartaric acid half an ounce 

Boiling water twenty-six pounds 

Mix, and set aside for a few days, then add 

Old stinking cheese eight ounces 

well diffused in 

Curdled acid skimmed 

milk eight pounds 

Powdered chalk three pounds 

Place in a warm situation, so as to keep 
the mixture at a temperature of 86° to 95°. 
Stir often; in eight or ten days it will 
solidify into a stiff paste of lactate of lime ; 
now add twenty pounds of boiling water, 
and half an ounce of caustic lime, boil for 
half an hour, and filter through linen. 
Evaporate the liquid to the consistence of 
syrup, and set aside for four days; remove 
the lactate of lime, express, agitate with 
one-tenth of cold water, and express, re- 
peating this operation two or three times. 
Now dissolve in twice its weight of boiling 
water, and for every pound of the lactate, 
add three and a-half ounces of sulphuric 
acid diluted with an equal weight of water. 
Filter the hot liquid through a bag, and 
boil it with one pound and three-eighths 
of carbonate of zinc, for every pound of 
sulphuric acid, for a quarter of an hour. 
Filter whilst boiling hot, and let stand to 
crystallize; remove these crystalline crusts 
of lactate of zinc, and wash them with cold 
water. Then dissolve them in seven and 
a-half parts of boiling water, and pass 



through the solution a current of sulphu- 
retted hydrogen, till sulphuret of zinc no 
longer separates. Filter, boil the liquid, 
to expel the excess of sulphuretted hydro- 
gen, and evaporate on a water-bath to the 
consistence of syrup. Bensch. 

The juice of beets is to be permitted to 
ferment for two months in a warm place, 
then evaporate to the consistence of syrup, 
treat with alcohol, evaporate, dissolve the 
residuum in water, saturate, filter, concen- 
trate, and crystallize. Dissolve the crys- 
tals in water, purify by boiling with animal 
charcoal, filter whilst hot, treat with baryta 
and then with sulphuric acid; the lactic 
acid will be set free, and may be concen- 
trated in vacuo. Cottereau. 

Lactic acid is in the form of a colorless syrup, 
inodorous, but of a very sour taste. It attracts 
moisture from the air. It has been recom- 
mended by Magendie in dyspepsia, and may, 
perhaps, be useful in a phosphatic diathesis. 

Lozenges of Lactic Acid. 

R. Lactic acid two drachms 

Powdered white sugar one ounce 

G-um tragacanth q. s. 

Oil of vanilla four drops 

Mix, and form pastilles of half a drachm 

each, of which six may be taken during 

the day. They should be kept dry. 

Magendie. 

Lemonade oe Lactic Acid. 

R. Lactic acid one to four drachms 

Simple syrup two fl. ounces 

Water two pints 

Mix. Dose, a cupful several times a-day. 

Magendie. 



ACIDUM MURIATICUM. 

Muriatic Acid. 

Prepared by distilling common salt in a glass 
retort with sulphuric acid and water. It has a 
density of 1.16, a suffocating odor, an acrid and 
sour taste. Is is very volatile. It gives a curdy- 
white precipitate with nitrate of silver. It is 
never given internally except in a diluted form. 

Diluted Muriatic Acid. 
R. Muriatic acid four fl. ounces 

Distilled water twelve fl. ounces 

Mix. U. S. Ph. 

Gaseous Muriatic Acid. 
R. Common salt two parts 

Sulphuric acid three parts 

Mix. The muriatic acid fumes that arise 
are considered to be disinfectant, but are 
much inferior to chlorine. Swediaur. 



74 



ACIDUM NITRICUM. 



Muriatic Acid Bath. 
R. Muriatic acid ten fl. ounces 

Water fifty gallons 

Mix. Found useful in some chronic dis- 
eases of the skin. Soabeiran. 

Muriatic Acid Gargle. 

R. Muriatic acid two fl. drachms 

Honey two fl. ounces 

Barley water one pint 

Mix. Useful in the angina of scarlet fever, 

and in ulceration of the mouth and throat. 

Ratier. 

Muriatic Acid Lotion. 

R. Muriatic acid one part 

Water sixteen parts 

Mix. Advised as a wash for chilblains, 

and also found beneficial in lepra and other 

skin diseases. Foy. 

Muriatic Acid Pediluvium. 
R. Muriatic acid two fl. ounces 

Water eight pints 

Mix. Advised by Scott and others in 
chronic enlargements of the liver and 
spleen. Beral. 

Muriatic Acid Draught. 
R. Muriatic acid ten to twenty drops 

Barley water eight ounces 

Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful three or four 
times a day. Has been advised in stone 
in the bladder. Ellis. 

Muriatic Acid Liniment. 



R. Balsam Peru 

Spermaceti 

White wax 

Muriatic acid, each 

Olive oil 

Water 
Rub well together. 
a-day. 



drachm 



two drachms 

two ounces 

six ounces 

To be applied twice 

Ratier. 



ACIDUM NITRICUM. 

Nitric Acid. 

Nitric acid of the specific gravity 1.5. 

Diluted Nitric Acid. 
R. Nitric acid one fl. ounce 

Distilled water nine fl. ounces 

Mix. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, twenty to forty drops, in sweetened 
water, three times a-day. 

COLLUTORY OP NlTRIC ACID. 

R. Nitric acid one fl. scruple 

Honey of roses 

Syrup of mulberries, each, half fl. ounce 
Mix. To touch obstinate venereal ulcers 
in the mouth. Phoebus. 



Fomentation of Nitric Acid. 
R. Nitric acid one part 

Distilled water ninety-six parts 

Mix. Used to destroy the fetid smell of 
foul ulcers ; also as a wash in itch. 

Soubeiran. 

Lotion of Nitric Acid. 

R. Nitric acid half to one fl. drachm 

Laudanum one fl. drachm 

Rose water six fl. ounces 

Mix. To wash venereal ulcers. Phoebus. 

Nitric Acid Mixture. 

R. Nitric acid two fl. drachms 

Raspberry syrup three fl. ounces 

Sugar three ounces 

Water two pints 

A wineglassful, with as much Seltzer water, 

in fetid breath. Cadet. 

R. Nitric acid half fl. drachm 

Water one pint and a-half 

Syrup of cin- 
namon one fl. ounce and a-half 
Mix. In syphilis, chronic hepatitis, &c. 
A spoonful every two or three hours. 

Augustin. 

R. Nitric acid two fl. scruples 

Opium two grains 

Water two fl. ounces 

Syrup of cinnamon half fl. ounce 

Mix. A spoonful every hour, in barley 

water. In dysentery, cholera, &c. 

Ammon. 

R. Nitric acid half fl. drachm 

Gum Arabic 

Sugar, each, three drachms 

Water eight fl. ounces 

Mix. A small tablespoonful in water, as 

occasion may require. As a tonic, to 

arrest colliquative sweats, &c. Ellis. 



Ointment of Nitric Acid. 
R. Olive oil one pound 

Lard four ounces 

Nitric acid five fl. drachms and a half 
Melt the oil and lard together in a glass 
vessel; when, on cooling, they begin to 
stiffen, add the acid, and stir. Dub. Ph 
Used as application to porrigo, psora, &c. 

Liniment of Nitric Acid. 



Nitric acid 

Oil of turpentine 

Theriac 

Honey 

Alcohol 



two fl. ounces 

three fl. ounces 

three drachms 

one ounce 

six fl. ounces 



Mix. As a rubefacient, has been used in 
cholera. Foy. 



ACIDUM NITRO-MURIATICUM— ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. 



75 



ACIDUM NITRO-MURIATI- 
CUM. 

Nitro-Muriatic Acid. 

R. Nitric acid by measure one part 

Muriatic acid two parts 

Mix in a refrigerated bottle, and keep in 

a cool, dark place. Dub. Ph. 

Nitro-Muriatic Acid Bath. 
R. Nitro-muriatic acid-bath six fl. ounces 
Water three gallons 

Mix. Recommended by Scott as a foot- 
bath in chronic hepatitis. 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 
Oxalic Acid. 

This acid exists in many plants in combina- 
tion with lime or potash, but is usually obtained 
by the action of nitric acid on sugar or starch. 
It is in the form of colorless, transparent, pris- 
matic crystals, having no odor, but a very acid 
taste. This acid is an active poison in large 
doses. It is not used in medicine in this coun- 
try, but is employed in France. 

Lozenges of Oxalic Acid. 

R. Powdered oxalic acid one drachm 

White sugar eight ounces 

Gum tragacanth two scruples 

Water of orange peel five drachms 

Oil of lemons eight drops 

Mix, and form lozenges of ten grains each. 

Cottereau. 



ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM. 

Phosphoric Acid. 

R. Bones calcined to whiteness five parts 
Sulphuric acid three parts 

Water thirty parts 

Mix, and boil for an hour, constantly stir- 
ring, strain, evaporate the fluid to consist- 
ence of honey, pour on an oiled slab, and 
when cold break in pieces. Van Mons. 
This affords not pure phosphoric acid, 
but an acid phosphate of lime, yet is the 
formula recognized by the Batavian, Rus- 
sian, Prussian, Saxon, &c. Pharmacopoeias. 

R. Phosphorus one part 

Nitric acid eight parts 

Cut the phosphorus in small pieces, and 
add it very gradually to the acid, placed 
on a sand-bath; when all the phosphorus 
has been changed into an acid, evaporate 
to the consistence of a syrup. Guibourt. 

Diluted Phosphoric Acid. 
R. Phosphorus one ounce 



Dilute nitric acid four fl. ounces 

Distilled water ten fl. ounces 

Add the phosphorus gradually to the nitric 
acid and water in a glass retort, on a sand- 
bath, apply heat, and distil eight fl. 
ounces. Pour these back into the retort 
and again distil eight fl. ounces, which 
reject. Evaporate the residue in a plati- 
num crucible to two ounces and six 
drachms. When cold, add as much dis- 
tilled water as will make twenty-eight 
fl. ounces. London Ph. 

This acid is stated to be useful in nervous 
disorders, in lithiasis with phosphatic deposits, 
in morbid ossifications, in diabetes, to allay thirst, 
&c, and as a local application in caries. The 
dose of the dilute acid is from ten drops to a 
fl. drachm in gum water. 

Pills oe Phosphoric Acid. 

R. Phosphoric acid 

Assafoetida, each, three drachms 

Powdered calamus q. s. 

Make one hundred and eighty pills. Dose, 

five to ten, three times a-day. 

Recommended in caries. Phoebus. 

Fomentation of Phosphoric Acid. 
R. Phosphoric acid one ounce 

Decoction of chamomile eight ounces 
Mix. Employed in caries, and as injec- 
tion in fistulas. Augustin. 

Phosphoric Tincture of Myrrh. 
R . Tincture of myrrh half an ounce 

Diluted phosphoric acid thirty drops 

Mix. Used in caries of the teeth or bones. 

Augustin. 

Phosphoric Acid Lemonade. 
R. Diluted phosphoric acid twenty-four 

drops 

Simple syrup two ounces 

Water two pints 

Mix. Dose, about an ounce to relieve 

thirst, in diabetes. Raiier. 



ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. 

Sulphuric Acid. 

Dilute Sulphuric Acid. 

R. Sulphuric acid one fl. ounce 

Water thirteen fl. ounces 

Add the acid gradually to the water in a 

glass vessel, and mix them. U. S. Ph. 

Elixir of Vitriol. 
R. Sulphuric 

acid three and a-half fl. ounces 

Ginger, bruised one ounce 

Cinnamon, bruised, one ounce and a-half 



7(3 



Alcohol two pints 

Drop the acid gradually into the alcohol, 
digest in a close glass vessel for three days, 
add the ginger and cinnamon, macerate for 
a week, and then filter. U. S. Ph. 

Sulphuric Acid and Alcohol. 
R. Sulphuric acid four ounces 

Acetic acid 

Alcohol, each, two pounds 

Mis. Vulnerary, antiseptic, and astrin- 
gent. Dose, internally, twenty or thirty 
drops, in an appropriate vehicle. Exter- 
nally, as a lotion to foul ulcers and contu- 
sions, and to arrest bleeding. Campana. 

Sulphuric Acid and Nitric Ether. 
R. Sulphuric acid 

Nitric ether equal parts 

Mix very gradually. Dose, five to ten 
drops in an ounce of water. Found bene- 
ficial in spasmodic attacks, sinking, and 
hemorrhages. Vogler. 

Sulphuric Acid Lemonade. 
R. Sulphuric acid one part 

Simple syrup thirty-two parts 

Water one hundred and sixty parts 
Mix. As a cooling drink in hemorrhages, 
and also found useful as a preventive of 
the effects of lead. Beral. 

Sulphuric Acid Liniment. 

R. Sulphuric acid two drachms 

Olive oil two and a-half ounces 

Oil of turpentine one ounce 

Mix. In gentle frictions to chilblains, 

where the skin is not broken. Foy. 

Sulphuric Acld Ointment. 
R. Olive oil eight parts 

Add gradually, constantly stirring, 

Sulphuric acid five parts 

After standing for twenty-four hours, wash 
well in tepid water, till it will not redden 
litmus paper. 

Has been used in itch and paralysis, in 
frictions. Brugnatelli. 



ACIDUM TANNICUM. 



ACIDUM TANNICUM. 

Tannic Acid. 
R. Powdered galls 

Sulphuric ether of each a sufficient 
quantity 
Put into a glass adapter, loosely closed at 
its lower end with carded cotton, sufficient 
galls to fill about one-half of it, pressing 
the powder slightly. Then fit the adapter 
accurately to a receiver, fill it with sul- 



phuric ether, and close the upper end 
slightly with a cork. The liquid which 
passes into the receiver separates into two 
portions, the lower being the smaller and 
denser. Pour on additional ether until 
the lower stratum of liquid in the receiver 
no longer increases. Separate this, and 
evaporate to dryness in a capsule by a mo- 
derate heat, and reduce to powder. 

U. S. Ph. 

Tannic acid is of a yellowish-white colour, of 
a powerfully astringent taste, soluble in water, 
less so in alcohol or ether. It is a strong astrin- 
gent, and has been successfully used in hemor- 
rhages and other fluxes. The dose is from two 
to ten grains. 

Pills of Tannic Acid. 

R. Tannic acid six grains 

Gum Arabic twelve grains 

White sugar seventy-two grains 

Triturate well, and add 

Simple syrup sufficient 

to make pills of four grains each. Dose, 

one to four, morning and evening. Beral. 

Pills of Tannic Acid and Opium. 
R. Tannic acid half a drachm 

Extract of 

opium three-quarters of a grain 
Conserve of roses sufficient 

to make twenty pills. 
One every hour, in uterine hemorrhage. 
Dumars. 

Gargle of Tannic Acid. 

R. Tannic acid one drachm 

Honey of roses two ounces 

Rose water two fl. ounces 

Distilled water eight ounces 

Mix. As a gargle, to arrest mercurial 

salivation. Beral. 

Injection of Tannic Acid. 
R. Tannic acid half a drachm 

Distilled water eight fl. ounces 

Dissolve. In gleet and leucorrhcea. Beral. 

Mixture of Tannic Acid. 
R. Tannic acid twelve grains 

Syrup of rhatany 

Syrup of gum, each, one ounce 

Camphor water four fl. ounces 

Mix. Six to twelve spoonfuls a-day, in 

diarrhoea. Beral. 

Ointment of Tannic Acid. 
R. Tannic acid 

Distilled water, each, two drachms 
Dissolve, and rub well with 

Lard twelve drachms 



ACIDUM TARTARICUM— ACONITUM. 



77 



ACIDUM TARTARICUM. 

Tartaric Acid. 

Is prepared from bi-tartrate of potash, by satu- 
rating the excess of acid -with chalk, and decom- 
posing the insoluble tartrate of lime by means of 
dilute sulphuric acid, evaporating and crystal- 
lizing. 

It is cooling and diuretic in doses of a drachm 
or more. 

Lozenges op Tartaric Acid. 

R. Powdered tartaric acid three drachms 
White sugar one pound 

Oil of lemons sixteen drops 

Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient 

Make into lozenges of twelve grains. 

Used to allay thirst. Coltereau. 

Lemonade op Tartaric Acid 

R. Tartaric acid one drachm 

White sugar one ounce 

Water twelve fl. ounces 

Dissolve. For an agreeable acidulous 

drink. Foy. 



ACIDUM VALERIANICUM. 

Valerianic Acid. 
R. Valerian forty pounds 

Distilled water three hundred and 
twenty pints 
Distil, collect the oil, continuing the dis- 
tillation as long as the water is acid. Agi- 
tate the oil with milk of lime; nearly satu- 
rate the acid water by milk of lime, first 
adding that already used, and then fresh; 
and, lastly, add lime water to excess. Con- 
centrate till a pellicle appears, then decom- 
pose by nitric acid in a long, narrow flask 
with a ground stopper, decant the valeri- 
anic acid, which floats on the liquid, and 
distil it with a gentle heat till the distilled 
fluid ceases to be oily. P. L. Bonaparte. 
R. Valerian at will 

Boil the root for three or four hours with 
rather more than its bulk of water, in 
which an ounce of carbonate of soda is 
dissolved for every pound of the root, re- 
placing the water as it evaporates. Ex- 
press strongly; boil the residue twice with 
the same quantity of water, expressing 
each time. Mix the liquids, add two fl. 
drachms of strong sulphuric acid for every 
pound of the root, and distil till three- 
fourths of the liquid have passed over. 
Neutralize this by carbonate of soda, con- 
centrate, decompose the valerianate of soda 
by sulphuric acid, and separate the free 
valerianic acid by distillation. 

T. and IT. Smith. 



ACONITUM. 

Aconite. Monkshood. 

Many species of Aconitum are officinal in the 
various pharmacopoeias, but those recognized by 
the U. S. Ph. are Jl. napellus and A. paniculatum, 
both natives of Europe. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. Trigyn. Nat. Syst. Ra- 

Linn. Sp.' PL 751. Griffith, Med. Bot. 90. 

The whole plant is possessed of highly dele- 
terious properties, but the root is the most power- 
ful. The leaves are, however, principally made 
use of. They have a somewhat nauseous odor, 
and a bitterish, acrid taste, followed by a peculiar 
tingling and burning of the lips. They owe 
their properties to the presence of a peculiar 
principle called Aconitina. 

Compound Powder op Aconite. 
R. Powdered aconite leaves 

Precip. sulph. of 

antimon., each, one grain 

Carbonate of magnesia one scruple 
Mix. As an anodyne and diaphoretic in 
gout and rheumatism. Vogler. 

Extract op Aconite. 
R. Recent leaves of aconite one pound 
Moisten with water, bruise in a stone mor- 
tar, express the juice, and evaporate to 
proper consistence. XI. S. Ph. 

R. Recent leaves of 

aconite a sufficient quantity. 

Beat to a pulp, express the juice ; subject 
the residuum to displacement with rectified 
spirit, as long as the liquid is colored; 
unite the juice and the tincture; filter; 
distil off the spirit, and evaporate to a 
proper consistence on a vapor-bath. E. Ph. 

Both are uncertain preparations; when good, 
they should cause a numbness and tingling of 
the lips, in a few minutes after taking. Dose, 
one to two grains, to be gradually increased. 

Alcoholic Extract op Aconite. 
R. Monkshood one pound 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Make a tincture by displacement; distil 
off the alcohol, and evaporate. If. S. Ph. 
Dose, one-sixth of a grain. 

Pills op Extract op Aconite. 
R. Alcohol, extract of aconite one grain 
Powdered liquorice twelve grains 

Syrup sufficient 

to form a consistent mass. Divide into 
six pills. Dose, one, every three or four 
hours. Turnbull. 

Aconite Plaster. 
R. A small portion of the alcoholic extract 
spread over the surface of common adhe- 
sive plaster. 



78 



ACONITINA. 



This has heen highly recommended in 
neuralgia, over the painful part. Curtis. 

Aconite Ointment. 
R. Alcohol, extract of aconite one part 
Lard two parts 

Recommended as a friction in neuralgia. 
Turnbidl. 

Compound Wine op Aconite. 
R. Alcohol, extract of aconite one drachm 
Antimonial wine one ounce 

Make a solution. Dose, fifteen or twenty 
drops every three hours, gradually in- 
creasing till some effect is produced. 

Found beneficial in chronic rheumatism, 
toothache, neuralgia, &c. Richtcr. 

Tincture of Aconite. 
R. Aconite four ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, and filter ; or 
prepare by displacement. Dose, five drops 
three times a-day. The effects should be 
carefully watched. In rheumatism, neu- 
ralgia, &c. It is also employed as an 
embrocation to the painful spots, by means 
of a small piece of sponge attached to a 
handle. U. S. Ph. 

Tincture op Root op Aconite. 
R. Root of aconite, in 

fine powder, sixteen ounces 

Alcohol .835 sufficient 

Mix the powder with a pint and a-balf of 
the alcohol, macerate for two days, put it 
into a displacer, cover the surface with a 
piece of filtering paper, and return the 
fluid until it becomes clear; then add 
alcohol in small portions, suffering one to 
disappear before adding another, until the 
amount displaced amounts to four pints, 
reduce this by evaporation to two pints ; 
filter, if necessary. W. Procter, Jr. 

Ammoniated Extract of Aconite. 
R. Alcohol, extract of aconite one drachm 
Water of ammonia ten drops 

Evaporate gently, to expel excess of am- 
monia. 

Ammoniated Aconite Ointment. 
R. Ammon. extract of aconite one drachm 
Lard three drachms 

Rub well together. 

Used for the same purposes as the aco- 
nite ointment, but more active and pun- 
gent. Turnbidl. 

Mixture of Aconite. 
R. Tincture of aconite one fl. drachm 
Carbonate of soda one drachm and a-half 



Sulphate of mag- 
nesia one ounce and a-half 

Water six fl. ounces 

Mix. In gastralgia. A tablespoonful, 
when the pain is urgent. Fleming. 



ACONITINA. 

ACONITINE. 

R. Aconite root, dried and 

bruised, two pounds 

Rectified spirit three gallons 

Diluted sulphuric acid 

Solution of ammonia 

Purified animal char- 
coal, each, sufficient 
Boil the aconite with a gallon of the spirit, 
for an hour, in a retort attached to a re- 
ceiver. Pour off the tincture, and repeat 
the operation a second and third time. 
Then express, mix the tinctures, filter, and 
distil off the spirit. Evaporate the resi- 
due to consistence of an extract. Dissolve 
this in water, and filter. Evaporate the 
solution with a gentle heat to consistence 
of syrup. Add to it the diluted acid mixed 
with distilled water. Drop in the solution 
of ammonia, and dissolve the precipitated 
aconitina in diluted sulphuric acid mixed 
with water. Then add the animal char- 
coal, occasionally shaking, for a quarter of 
an hour. Lastly, filter, and, having again 
dropped in the solution of ammonia, wash 
the precipitate and dry it. Lond. Ph. 
Not used internally, but successfully employed 
externally in neuralgia, gout, and rheumatism. 

Aconitine Ointment. 
R. Aconitine two grains 

Alcohol six drops 

Rub well together, and add 

Lard one drachm 

Turnbidl. 

R. Aconitine sixteen grains 

Olive oil half a drachm 

Lard one ounce 

Incorporate thoroughly. Turnbidl. 

These ointments are employed as frictions in 
neuralgia, over the painful parts. A small por- 
tion, not exceeding the size of a pea, is to be 
used at a time. The operation to be repeated 
three or four times a-day. 

Aconitine Lotion. 
R. Aconitine eight grains 

Alcohol two fl. ounces 

Dissolve. Used by means of a friction 
sponge over the affected part. Never to 
be employed where the skin is broken or 
abraded. Turnhull. 



ADIANTUM-^ETHER HYPONITROSUS. 



79 



ADIANTUM. 

Maidenhair. 

Two species of this genus, A. pedatum and A. 
capUlus veneris have been much used in Europe 
as remedies in pectoral affections. They are 
both bitter and aromatic, but the former is the 
most active, and is a native of the United States. 

Sex. Syst. Cryp. Fil. Nat. Syst. PolypodiaceaB. 

Infusion op Maidenhair. 

R. Maidenhair three drachms 

Liquorice root two drachms 

"Water sufficient 

to oh tain two pints of infusion. As a 

drink in catarrh. 

Syrup op Maidenhair. 
R. Maidenhair four ounces 

Boiling water three pints 

Infuse for two hours, strain, and add 

Sugar four pounds 

Clarify with white of egg, and add 

Maidenhair two ounces 

Digest for two hours, and strain. 

Cotter eau. 
This syrup is known under the name of 
syrup of capillaire, and is much employed 
in Europe as a pectoral. 

Compound Syrup op Maidenhair. 

R. Maidenhair five ounces 

Marsh mallow two drachms 

Asparagus root one ounce 

Liquorice root two ounces 

Water two pints 

Boil to a pint and a half, express, strain, 

and clarify, and add 

Sugar thirty-two ounces 

Make syrup. Wurtemberg Ph. 



^THER ACETICUS. 

Acetic Ether. 

R. Alcohol (36 degrees) three thousand 

parts 
Acetic acid (10 degrees) two thousand 
parts 
Sulphuric acid 

(66 degrees) six hundred and twenty- 
five parts 
Mix the alcohol and acetic acid in a glass 
retort, add gradually the other acid, distil 
in a sand-bath four thousand parts, rectify 
this product with a small quantity of car- 
bonate of potassa to obtain three thousand 
parts. Cottereau. 

This ether is milder, more agreeable and dia- 
phoretic, than the other ethers. It is used in 
low fevers, spasmodic vomiting, cardialgia, in 
doses of ten drops to a drachm. 



Sphmt op Acetic Ether. 
R. Acetic ether one part 

Alcohol three parts 

Mix. This is employed as a substitute for 
Hoffmann's anodyne, in about the same 
doses. Giordano. 

Mixture of Acetic Ether. 
R. Acetic ether 

Ethereal tincture of valerian 
Tincture of opium equal parts 

Mix. Dose, from ten to thirty drops, in 
hysteria and hypochondriasis. Radius. 



.ETHER HYPONITROSUS. 

Nitrous Ether. 
R. Rectified spirit fifteen fl. ounces 

Pure nitric acid (1.500) seven fl. ounces 
Put the spirit with a little clean sand into 
a two pint matrass, fitted with a cork, 
through which are passed a safety tube, 
terminating an inch above the spirit, and 
another tube leading to a refrigerator. 
The safety-tube being filled with pure 
nitric acid, add through it gradually three 
and a-half fl. ounces of the acid. When 
the ebullition which ensues is nearly over, 
add the rest of the acid gradually, half a 
fl. ounce at a time, waiting till the ebulli- 
tion which slowly arises has subsided, and 
cooling the refrigerator with a stream of 
water. The ether which distils over, being 
received in a bottle, is to be agitated first 
with a little milk of lime, till it ceases to 
redden litmus paper, and then with half 
its volume of a concentrated solution of 
muriate of lime. Edin. Ph. 

This ether is stimulant, antispasmodic, car- 
minative, and diuretic. The dose is from ten to 
forty drops. 

Sweet Spirit of Nitre. 



R. Hyponitrous ether 

Rectified spirit 
Mix. 



one part 
four parts 
Edin. Ph. 



R. Nitrate of potassa, in 

powder, two pounds 

Sulphuric acid a pound and a-half 

Alcohol nine pints and a-half 

Diluted alcohol one pint 

Carbonate of potassa one ounce 

Mix the nitrate of potassa and the acid in 

a glass retort, and, having gradually added 

the alcohol, digest with a gentle heat for 

two hours ; then raise the heat and distil 

a gallon. To the distilled liquor add the 

diluted alcohol and carbonate of potassa, 

and again distil a gallon. U. S. Ph. 



JETHER HYDROCYANICUS— -ETHER SULPHURICUS. 



two drachms 
six ounces 



Diuretic, diaphoretic, and carminative. 
Dose, half a fl. drachm to three fl. drachms. 

Mixture op Sweet Spirit op Nitre. 
R. Sweet spirit of nitre one drachm 

Hoffmann's anodyne 
Aromatic ammoniated 

alcohol, each, 
Mint water 
Mix. Dose, a spoonful occasionally. 

Br era. 

Mixture op Hyponitrous Ether. 
R. Ipecacuanha half a drachm 

Boiling water sufficient 

To obtain six ounces of infusion, strain 
and acid 

Hyponitrous ether one drachm 

Extract of juniper berries one ounce 

Mix. Dose, a spoonful every two hours, 

in the dropsical swellings consecutive to 

scarlatina. Radius. 



^ETHER HYDROCYANICUS. 

Hydrocynic Ether. 
R . Cyanuret of potassium 

Sulpho-vinate of barytes, equal parts 
Mix, and put in a glass retort, distil by a 
moderate heat. The product separates 
into two strata, the lighter of which is im- 
pure hydrocyanic ether ; this is to be sepa- 
rated and agitated with four or five times 
its bulk of water at 120° to 140° F., again 
agitated with a little water, decanted, and 
placed in contact with chloride of lime for 
twenty-four hours, and then distilled. 

Magendic. 
This preparation is said to resemble hydro- 
cyanic acid in its therapeutical effects, but is less 
active. Its smell is, however, penetrating and 
offensive. The dose is two to six drops, in mu- 
cilage or emulsion, in obstinate or convulsive 
coughs. 



.ETHER MURIATICUS. 

Muriatic Ether. 
R. Muriatic acid 

Alcohol equal parts 

Distil in a "Wolf 's apparatus, and preserve 
the product contained in the second re- 
ceiver. Cottereua. 
It has much the same properties as the other 
ethers. Dose, thirty to forty drops. 

Spirit of Muriatic Ether. 
R. Muriatic ether 

Alcohol equal parts 

Mix. Cottereau. 



Mixture op Muriatic Ether. 
R . Spirit of muriatic ether half a drachm 

Parsley water 

Syrup of rhubarb, each, one ounce 
Mix. A teaspoonful every hour for young 
children as a diuretic. Wendt. 



.ETHER SULPHURICUS. 

Sulphuric Ether. 

This is commonly known under the name of 
ether. It is an energetic diffusible stimtdant, and is 
much employed as an excitant and antispasmodic 
in what are termed nervous disorders. It it also 
considered to be anthelmintic. In vapor it has 
been used in small quantities as an inhalation in 
chronic irritations of the lungs, and of late under 
the name of letheon to induce unconsciousness 
to pain in surgical operations. The dose of the 
fluid is from half a fl. drachm to two drachms. 
When employed as an inhalation it should be 
purified. 

Rectified Sulphuric Ether. 
R. Sulphuric ether fourteen fl. ounces 
Potassa half an ounce 

Distilled water eleven fl. ounces 

Dissolve the potassa in two fl. ounces of 
the water, and add the ether to the solu- 
tion, shaking well ; then distil at 120° F. 
twelve ounces of rectified ether. Shake 
the distilled fluid with nine fl. ounces of 
water, and set them by for the water to 
subside, then pour off the ether and keep 
in a well-closed bottle. U. S. Ph. 

Ethereal Oil. 
R. Alcohol two parts 

Sulphuric acid four parts 

Mix. Distil till a black froth begins to 
arise, remove the retort from the fire, when 
cool, add water to the fluid in the receiver, 
and remove the oil that may float on the 
surface. Agitate this with a solution of 
potassa and separate the ethereal oil. 

Van Mom. 

Spirit of Sulphuric Ether, 
R . Rectified sulphuric ether half a pint 
Alcohol one pint 

Mix. U. S. Ph. 

Hoffmann's Anodyne. 
R . Spirit of sulphuric ether one pint 

Ethereal oil two fluidrachms 

Mix. U. S. Ph. 

Lotion of Sulphuric Ether. 

R . Sulphuric ether two fl. ounces 

Vinegar six fl. ounces 

Rose water four fl. ounces 

Distilled water two pints 



.ETHER TEREBINTHINATUS— ALLIUM. 



Mix. As a lotion to painful inflammatory 
tumors. Pierqidn. 

Syrup of Sulphuric Ether. 
R. Sulphuric ether one fl. ounce 

Syrup one pint 

Mix in a glass vessel, having a stop-cock 
at the lower part, shake occasionally for a 
week, and draw off when clear into small 
bottles. Par. Cod. 

Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. 
R. "White sugar twenty-one ounces 

Distilled water six ounces 

Sulphuric ether two ounces 

Mix, and pour into a closed flask, agitate 
for some minutes, and add 

Distilled water six ounces 

Agitate occasionally for five clays, filter in 
a covered funnel. Paton. 

Mixture of Sulphuric Ether and 
Camphor. 
R. Camphor mixture seven fl. ounces 
Sulphuric ether 

Syrup of saffron, each, half fl. ounce 
Mix. 

Mixture of Sulphuric Ether and 

Turpentine. 

R. Sulphuric ether one fl. drachm 

Oil of turpentine two fl. drachms 

Sugar four drachms 

Water two fl. ounces 

Mix. Two fl. drachms every quarter of an 

hour in poisoning by nux vomica. Orfila. 



iETHER TEREBINTHINATUS. 

Terebinthinated Ether. 
R. Alcohol two pounds 

Spirit of turpentine half a pound 

Mix, and add gradually 

Nitric acid two pounds 

Distil off one-half at a gentle heat. Dose, 
from twenty to forty drops, in syrup or 
mucilage. Used internally and externally 
in cases of biliary calculi, jaundice, en- 
gorgements of the liver, and rheumatism. 

Cadet. 



ALETRIS. 

Star Grass. 



Aletris farinosa. Linn. Bigelow. Am. Med. 
Bot. iii. GO. Griffith, Med. Bot. 623. 

Sex.Syst. Hexandria monogynia. Nat.Syst. Ha> 
modoracese. Brown. 

A native plant, with an intensely bitter root, 
which is the officinal portion. The powder is 
tonic in doses of ten grains. 

6 



81 



Tincture of Aletris. 
R. Aletris root, bruised, three ounces 
Diluted alcohol two pints 

Make tincture by displacement. Dose, 
half an ounce to an ounce in colic, and in 
smaller doses in chronic rheumatism. 



ALLIUM, U.S. 

GrARLIC. 

Several species of Allium have been employed 
in medicine, but the most important, and that 
recognized by the Pharmacopoeia, is A. sativum. 
Linn. Griffith, Med. Bot. 653. The part used 
is the bulb, which is composed of several bulb- 
lets or cloves (spica), surrounded by a dry, white, 
thin capsular membrane. These cloves have a 
peculiar odor, and an acrid and pungent taste. 
The properties depend on the presence of a vola- 
tile oil, and are lost on drying. 

Sex. Syst. Hex. monog. Nat. Syst. Liliacese. 

Garlic is a stimulating expectorant; diuretic 
and diaphoretic when given internally, and acts 
as an irritant, or even vesicant, when applied 
externally. The dose in substance is from half 
a drachm to a drachm, or more. 

Syrup of Garlic. 
R. Fresh garlic two ounces 

Distilled vinegar one pint 

Sugar two pounds 

Macerate the garlic in the vinegar, in a 
glass vessel, for four days, express, and 
permit dregs to subside. Add sugar and 
form syrup s. a. U. S. Ph. 

As an expectorant in chronic catarrhs, well 
suited for children. Dose, for a child, about a 
teaspoonful. 

Cataplasm of Garlic. 
Bruised cloves of garlic, mixed with 
common bread and milk poultice, in differ- 
ent proportions. Used as a revulsive, but 
less active than the mustard cataplasm. 

Liniment of Garlic. 
R. Garlic 

Lard equal parts 

To be well rubbed together. Has been 
recommended as a revulsive in infantile 
nervous and convulsive disorders. 

Gassicourt. 

Capillary Lotion. 
R. Garlic three or four cloves 

Alcohol two pints 

Macerate for thirty-six hours, filter, and 
add of 

Burdock eight ounces 

The head to be sponged with this every 
evening, for some weeks. It is said to be effi- 
cient to promote the growth of hair. Pkxbu$> 



82 



ALOE 



Aloes. 

Under this name are included the inspissated 
juices of several species of aloes, and especially 
of A. vulgaris, A. socotrina, and A. spicata. 

Sex. Syst. Hexandria monogynia. Nat. Syst. 
Liliacese. 

Pereira, Mat. Med. ii. 113. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
649. 

Three varieties of aloes are found in the shops, 
the Cape, Socotrine, and Hepatic. The second, 
when genuine, is the most esteemed, but the first 
is by far the most abundant, and, when good, an- 
swers every purpose for which the drug is used. 
Dispens. U. S. art. Abe. 

Powder of Aloes. 
R. Aloes six grains 

White sugar one drachm 

Pulverize very finely. Recommended to 
be blown in the eye, to remove films and 

ks on the cornea. Radius. 



Powder of Aloes and Canella. 
R. Aloes one pound 

Canella bark three ounces 

Powder separately, and mix. Dose, five to 
fifteen grains. A popular emmenagogue, 
known as Hiera Picra. 

Compound Powder of Aloes. 
R. Aloes an ounce and a half 

Gruiacum resin one ounce 

Compound powder of 

cinnamon half an ounce 

Powder the aloes and resin separately, and 
then mix them with the compound powder 
of cinnamon. Dose, ten to twenty grains. 
Used as a purgative and diaphoretic. 

London Ph. 

Emmenagogue Powder. 

R . Iron rust six grains 

Powdered aloes two grains 

Magnesia thirty grains 

Mix. For a single dose, to be repeated 

three times a-day. Brera. 

Aloes Pills. 
R . Powdered aloes 

Soap, each, an ounce 

Form a mass, to be divided into two hun- 
dred and forty pills. Dose, one to three 
as a laxative, five or more as a purgative. 
U. S. Ph. 

Compound Pills of Aloes. 



R. Powdered aloes 

" rhubarb 
Oil of cloves 



half a drachm 

one drachm 

four drops 

Soap eight grains 

Syrup of rhubarb sufficient 

Rub well together, and form forty pills. 



In tardy menstruation, one at night or 
oftener if required, so as to open bowels 
but not to purge. Dewees. 

R. Powdered aloes one ounce 

Extract of gentian half an ounce 

Oil of caraway fort}' minims 

Beat together till incorporated. Lond. Ph. 
Dose, five to fifteen grains. A valuable 
purgative in habitual costiveness. 

Aloes and Assafetida Pills. 
R. Powdered aloes 
Assafetida 

Soap, each, half an ounce 

Beat with water to form a mass; divide 
into one hundred and eighty pills. Dose, 
two to five. Useful in costiveness with 
flatulency. U. S. Ph. 

Aloes and Myrrh Pills. 

R . Powdered aloes two ounces 

Powdered myrrh one ounce 

Saffron half an ounce 

Syrup sufficient 

Beat together, to form a mass ; divide into 

four hundred and eighty pills. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, from three to six. A well-known 

cathartic and emmenagogue, under the 

name of Rufus' pills. 

Aloes and Iron Pills. 

R. Aloes two parts 

Sulphate of iron three parts 

Aromatic powder six parts 

Conserve of red roses eight parts 

Pulverize the aloes and sulphate of iron, 

mix the whole ingredients and beat into a 

mass, and divide into five grain pills. Dose, 

one to three. Edin. Ph. 

A useful emmenagogue in chlorosis and atonic 

amenorrhcea. 

Chapman's Aperient Pills. 

R. Aloes sixteen grains 

Powdered rhubarb twenty-four grains 
Mastic twelve grains 

Mix, and make twelve pills. Chapman. 

Chapman's Anti-Dyspeptic Pills. 

R. Aloes half a drachm 

Powdered ipecacuanha ten grains 

Mastic thirty grains 

Oil of fennel eight drops 

Mix, and make twenty pills. Chapman. 

Mitchell's Aperient Pills. 

R. Aloes sixteen grains 

Powdered rhubarb thirty-two grains 

Calomel two grains 

Tartar emetic one grain 

Mix, and make sixteen pills. 

J. K. Mitchell. 



ALOE. 



Hooper's Pills. 
R. Aloes four hundred parts 

Sulphate of iron two hundred parts 

Extract of black hellebore 

Myrrh 

Soap, each, one hundred parts 

Powdered canella 

Powdered ginger, each, fifty parts 

Break into a mass with water, and divide 
into pills of two and a-balf grains. 

Much used as cathartic and emmenagogue. 

Journ. Phil Col. Pharm. v. 25. 

Anderson's Pills. 
R. Aloes seven hundred and eighty- 

seven parts 
Soap one hundred and thirty-one 

parts 
Colocynth 

Gamboge, each, thirty-three parts 
Oil of aniseed sixteen parts 

Reduce the aloes, colocynth, and gamboge 
to a very fine powder, add oil of aniseed 
and soap, and beat into a mass with water; 
divide into three grain pills. A mild pur- 
gative. Journ. Phil. Col. Pharm. v. 25. 

Lady "Webster's Pills. 
R. Aloes six drachms 

Mastich 

Red rose-leaves, each, two drachms 
Syrup of wormwood sufficient 

to form a mass. Divide into three grain 
pills, used as a laxative in costiveness, de- 
pendent on impaired digestion. Dose, one 
to three. A better form is to substitute 
powdered rhubarb for the rose-leaves. 

Cooley. 

Morrison's Pills. 

No. 1. R. Aloes 

Cream of tartar equal parts 
Mucilage sufficient 

to form mass. 

No. 2. R. Aloes three parts 

Gamboge two parts 

Colocynth one part 

Cream of tartar four parts 

Powder finely, and add 

Simple syrup sufficient 

to form mass. Dose, five to ten grains. 

These purge actively, especially No. 2. 

Cooley. 

Fuller's Pills. 
R. Aloes half a drachm 

Senna 

Myrrh, each, one scruple 

Assafetida 
Galbanum, each, ten grains 



Saffron 

Mace, each, five grains 

Sulphate of iron two scruples 

Simple syrup sufficient 

to form mass. Dose, five to fifteen grains, 

used as an antispasmodic and aperient. 

Cooley. 

James' Analeptic Pills. 
R. Antimonial powder 
Resin of guaiacum 

Aloes and myrrh pill equal parts 

Syrup sufficient 

Form a mass, and divide into four grain 

pills. A diaphoretic purgative. Cooley. 

Peters' Pills. 
R. Aloes 
Jalap 



Gamboge, each, two drachms 

Calomel one drachm 

Beat into a mass with alcohol. A power- 
ful purgative. Cooley, 

Speediman's Pills. 
R. Aloes 
Myrrh 

Rhubarb, each, one ounce 

Extract of chamomile half an ounce 

Beat into a mass with syrup, and divide 

into four grain pills. A good tonic and 

stomachic purge. Burnett. 

Splenetic Pills. 
R. Strained aloes 

Gum ammoniac, each, an ounce and 
a-half 
Myrrh 

Bryony, each, two drachms 

Beat into a mass, and divide into four 
grain pills. Dose, three to five. Extolled 
in amenorrhoea and hypochondriasis. 

Saunders. 

Duchesne's Pills. 
R. Aloes 

Gum ammoniac, each, twenty-four 
grains 
Myrrh six grains 

Mastich 

Carbonate of potassa, each, two grains 
Saffron one grain 

Simple syrup sufficient 

to make a mass. Dose, from ten to twenty 
grains. Prescribed in engorgements of the 
abdominal viscera, supervening on inter- 
mittent fevers. Van Mons. 

Antichlorotic Pills. 
R. Aloes 

Iron rust, each, half a drachm 



Si 



ALOE. 



R 



two drachms 



Gum ammoniac one drachm 

Extract of dandelion sufficient 

to form mass. Divide into pills of three 

grains each. Dose, three to six, morning 

and evening, in chlorosis and amenorrhoea. 

Radius. 



Bicker's Pills. 

Iron rust 

Sulphur 

Myrrh 

Aloes, each, one drachm 

Beef gall sufficient 

to form mass. Divide into four grain pills. 
Six, morning and evening. Radius. 

Whytt's Pills. 
R . Chloride of iron 

Aloes 

Extract of horehound, each, half a 
drachm 

Assafetida one drachm and a half 

Form a mass. Divide into two grain pills. 
Dose, four to five, three times a day, in 
leucorrhoea and hysteria with constipa- 
tion. Radius. 



Barthez's 


Pills. 


Aloes 


half a drachm 


Myrrh 


one drachm 


Musk 


twenty grains 


Camphor 


ten grains 


Balsam Peru 


sufficient 



to form mass. Dose, eight grains, three 
times a day. Advised in amenorrhoea and 
chlorosis. Picrquin. 

Pitschaft's Eccoprotic Pills. 
R. Strained aloes 

Sulphate of quinine, each, one scruple 
Mix, and divide into twenty pills. Dose, 
one from time to time in the evening. 
Found useful in torpor of the large intes- 
tines. Radius. 

Frank's Pills. 
R. Aloes 

Jalap, each, four parts 

Rhubarb one part 

Syrup of wormwood sufficient 

to form mass. Divide into three grain 

pills. Dose, one to four during the day. 

These are the Grains de Sanie, so much em- 
ployed as dinner pills in Europe. Foy. 

Aloes and Rhubarb Pills. 
R. Powdered aloes 

Rhubarb, each, half a drachm 

Soap sufficient 

to form mass. Divide into twenty-five 
pills. Three or four occasionally in dys- 
pepsia with costiveness. Ellis. 



GrRIFFITTS' PlLLS. 

R . Powdered rhubarb one drachm and 

a half 
Sulphate of iron half a drachm 

Soap two scruples 

Water sufficient 

to form mass. Divide into forty pills. 

A favorite remedy with the late Dr. S. P. 
Griffitts, to remove costiveness and impart tone 
to the bowels. Three or four, to be taken at 
bed time. 

Aperient Pills. 
R. Aloes 

Rhubarb, each, one drachm 

Ipecacuanha six grains 

Soap one scruple 

Form mass with water, and divide into 
sixty-four pills. Dose, one at bed time, 
as an aperient; two or three as a purga- 
tive. Ellis. 

Pills of Aloes and Blue Mass. 
R. Blue mass. one scruple 

Powdered aloes twenty-five grains 
Incorporate, and divide into fifteen pills. 
Dose, one every two hours till they ope- 
rate. Useful in constipation where there is 
a deficiency of bile. Ellis. 

Laxative Electuary. 
R. Aloes eight grains 

Cream of tartar two drachms 

Honey sufficient 

to form electuary. For a single dose. 
Advised in amenorrhoea attributed to ab- 
dominal engorgement. Brera. 

Anthelmintic Suppository. 

R. Aloes half an ounce 

Common salt three drachms 

Flour two ounces 

Honey sufficient 

to form a firm paste. As a suppository in 

cases of ascarides. Foy. 

Compound Decoction of Aloes. 
R. Extract of liquorice seven drachms 

Carbonate of potassa one drachm 

Powdered aloes 
myrrh 

Saffron, each, one drachm and a-half 

Compound tincture of cardamoms 

seven fl. ounces 

Distilled water one pint and a-half 
Boil down the liquorice, carbonate of po- 
tassa, aloes, myrrh, and saffron with the 
water to a pint, strain, and add the com- 
pound tincture of cardamom. Dose, half 
a fl. ounce to two fl. ounces. A mild ca- 
thartic, tonic, antacid, and emmenagogue. 
Land. Ph. 



ALOE. 



85 



Clauder's Elixir. 
R. Carbonate of potassa 

Muriate of ammonia, each, one ounce 
Elder-flower water a pint and a-half 
Make a solution, and add 
Strained aloes 

Myrrh, each, one ounce 

Saffron two drachms 

Digest for twenty-four hours, and filter. 
Dose, half a drachm to a drachm. Has 
been recommended in obstructions of the 
abdominal viscera, in amenorrhoea, consti- 
pation, scurvy, &c. Pideret 

Detersive Injection. 
R. Strained aloes ten grains 

Muriate of ammonia four grains 

Honey of roses one ounce 

Fennel water six ounces 

Make solution, and filter. Stated to be 
useful in chronic discharges from the ure- 
thra, to be injected three or four times a 
day. Soubeiran. 

Anthelmintic Clyster. 

R. Powdered aloes one drachm 

Barley water one pint 

Mix. Very effectual against ascarides in 

the rectum. Radius. 

Aloetic Mixture. 
R. Strained aloes 

Myrrh, each, one drachm 

Cream of tartar half an ounce 

Myrrh water six ounces 

Make solution, and filter. Dose, a spoon- 
ful night and morning, to provoke hemor- 
rhoids. Foy. 

Wine op Aloes. 
R. Aloes one ounce 

Cardamom 

Ginger, each, one drachm 

Wine one pint 

Macerate for fourteen days, occasionally 
agitating, then filter. U. S. Ph. 

Purgative, in doses of half an ounce to 
two ounces, stomachic and tonic, in doses 
of one to two drachms. 

Alkaline Wine op Aloes. 
R. Aloes 
Myrrh 

Saffron, each, one ounce 

Carbonate of potassa two ounces 

Wine two pints 

Digest for ten days, and filter. Bitter, 
tonic and stimulant. Recommended in 
dyspepsia with pyrosis, in doses of an 
ounce. Swediaur. 



Balsamic Wine op Aloes. 



R. Aloes 
Myrrh 
Olibanum 

Angelica, each, half an ounce 

Balsam Peru one ounce 

Storax two ounces 

Benzoin three ounces 

Flowers of hypericum four handfuls 

Wine four pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. 

Tincture op Aloes. 

R. Powdered aloes one ounce 

Liquorice three ounces 

Alcohol half a pint 

Distilled water one pint and a-half 

Macerate fourteen days, and filter. Dose, 

two drachms to an ounce. Purgative and 

stomachic. U. S. Ph. 

Tincture op Aloes and Myrrh. 

R. Powdered aloes three ounces 

Saffron one ounce 

Tincture of myrrh two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 

IT. S. Ph. 

three ounces 
four ounces 

three ounces 
Soubeiran. 

Long celebrated under the name of elixir pro- 
prietatis. It is purgative, stomachic, and em- 
menagogue. The dose is half a drachm to a 
drachm. Well suited to cold, torpid habits. 

Ethereal Tincture op Aloes. 
R. Myrrh one ounce and a-half 

Spirit of sulphuric ether one pound 
Digest for four days, and add 

Aloes one ounce and a-half 

Saffron one ounce 

Again digest for four days, and filter. 

Edin. Ph. 

This tincture has been highly esteemed as 
stomachic, vermifuge, and emmenagogue, in 
doses of half a drachm to a drachm. 

Boerhaave's Elixir. 
R. Aloes 
Myrrh 

Saffron, each, one ounce 

Tartrate of potassa two ounces 

Alcohol fourteen ounces 

Distilled water eight ounces 

Macerate for three days, and filter. 

Han. Ph. 

This has been highly praised in visceral ob- 
structions. The dose is from half a drachm to 
a drachm. 



R. Tincture of aloes 
Tincture of myrrh 
Tincture of saffron 

Mix. 



86 



ALTHAEA— ALUMINA. 



Elixir. 



one drachm 
four drachms 



Stoughton 
R. Aloes 

Cascarilla, each, 

Rhubarb 

Wormwood 

Germander 

Gentian 

Orange peel, each, six drachms 

Alcohol two pints 

Macerate for four days, and filter. Foy. 
Stimulant, tonic, and stomachic, in doses of 
twenty or thirty drops. 

Elixir of Garus. 

R. Saffron one ounce 

Myrrh two ounces 

Aloes ten ounces 

Cinnamon 

Nutmeg, each, half an ounce 

Orange-flower water one pound 

Alcohol sixteen pounds 

Macerate for two days and distil off eight 

pounds, to which add 

Syrup of maidenhair two pounds 

And color with caramel, dissolved in 

Orange-flower water eight ounces 

This preparation can scarcely be considered 

as a medicine, but is rather an agreeable liqueur. 
Soiibeiran. 

Ointment op Aloes. 
R. Powdered aloes two drachms 

Lard one ounce 

Triturate well. 

Has been recommended as a friction to the 
abdomen as a vermifuge in children. 

Soiibeiran. 



ALTHAEA. 
MARsn Mallow. 



Several species of Mallow are employed in 
medicine, but that which is officinal is Jl. offici- 
nalis, a herbaceous perennial, with pale purplish 
flowers, a native of Europe, in moist situations. 

Sex. Syst. Monadelph. Polyand. Nat. Syst. 
Malvaceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 966. Griffith, Med. Bot. 161. 

The parts used are the roots and leaves. 
These are inodorous, and have a vapid mucila 
ginous taste. They are much employed in 
Europe as demulcent and emollient, but their 
place is supplied in this country by other arti- 
cles. 

Decoction of Marsh Mallow. 

R. Marsh mallow dried four ounces 

Raisins, stoned, two ounces 

Water seven pints 

Boil down to five pints. Strain, and set 

aside until the dregs have subsided, and 

decant. Dub. Ph. 

A good demulcent drink. 



Syrup of Marsh Mallow. 
R. Marsh mallow root eight ounces 

Sugar two and a-half pounds 

Water four pints 

Boil down the water with the root to one 
half, and press out the cooled liquor. Set 
by for dregs to subside, then decant, add 
the sugar, and boil to proper consistence. 
Lond. Ph. 
A demulcent, but not equal to the syrup of 
gum Arabic. 

Marsh Mallow Paste. 
R. Marsh mallow root powdered 

Wheat flour, each, three parts 

White sugar six parts 

Mucilage of gum Arabic two parts 

Mix, and form paste. Beral. 

A good demulcent in irritation of the throat. 

Marsh Mallow Lozenges. 

R. Powdered mallow root one part 

White sugar seven parts 

Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient 

Form into lozenges of sixteen grains each. 

Cottereau. 

Marsh Mallow Ointment. 
R. Flaxseed 

Mallow root, each, one pound 

Water sufficient 

to make a thick mucilage; strain, and add 

Lard, melted, six pounds 

Evaporate, and add 

Resin eight ounces 

Turpentine 

Yellow wax, each, one pound 

Melt the whole together. Beral. 

Powder of Marsh Mallow. 
R. Powdered mallow root 

liquorice root, each, three ounces 

nitre half an ounce 

camphor one drachm 

Mix, and divide into thirty powders ; one 

to be taken three times a-day. Foy. 



ALUMINA. 

Alumine. 

The hydrate of alumine is found naturally in 
an impure state in the form of different clays, 
boles, &c, and can be prepared in a pure state 
by the decomposition of alum. 

Hydrate of Alumine. 
R. Alum any quantity 

Distilled water sufficient 

to dissolve the salt, add gradually a solu- 
tion of carbonate of potassa, digest at a 
moderate temperature for a short time, 



ALUMINA ACETAS-ALUMIN^E ET POTASS^E SULPHAS. 



87 



until a precipitate no longer takes place, 
wash this carefully, and dry. Sax. Ph. 

Rust's Astringent. 

R. Armenian bole 

Carbonate of magnesia 
White sugar, each, two drachms 

Oil of mace two drops 

Rhubarb one drachm 

Mix, and triturate well. Radius. 

Dose, a teaspoonful three times a-day, in 

chronic gonorrhoea, vaginal and uterine 

catarrh and slight menorrhagia. 

Electuary for the Teeth. 

R . White bole an ounce and a half 

Gum lac half an ounce 

Cinnamon a drachm and a half 

Syrup of pinks sufficient 

to form soft paste. Triturate well together 

and keep in closed boxes. Used as a 

dentifrice, but also beneficial in scorbutic 

gums. 

Swediaur. 



ALUMINA ACETAS. 

Acetate of Alumine. 
R. Alum a sufficient quantity 

Dissolve in water, precipitate by means of 
aqua ammonia, filter, and dissolve the moist 
precipitate in acetic acid, and again filter. 

This has been recommended diluted with 
water in chronic diarrhoea, and mixed with 
syrup of poppies in slight cases of hemoptysis. 
Van Mons. 



ALUMINA SULPHAS. 

Sulphate op Alumine. 
R . Alum a sufficient quantity 

Dissolve in water, precipitate by aqua am- 
monia, filter, and dissolve the moist pre- 
cipitate in dilute sulphuric acid and again 
filter; evaporate and crystallize. 

Detergent Wash. 
R. Sulphate of alumine two drachms 
Water half a pint 

Mix. As a wash to foul ulcers. 

Pennypaclcer. 

Mr. Gannal has found that a solution of this 
salt, made with about a pound to the quart of 
water, will preserve a body fresh for a longtime, 
if injected into the blood-vessels; where it is 
only wished to preserve the body for a month 
or six weeks, an enema of one quart or an in- 
jection of about a quart into the oesophagus is 
sufficient. Dunglison, N. R. 



ALUMINA ET POTASS.E 
SULPHAS. 

Alum. 

Several varieties of alum are known in com- 
merce, all containing more or less sulphate of 
iron. Most of that used in this country is of 
domestic manufacture. 

Alum is employed both internally and exter- 
nally as an astringent, in doses of ten grains to a 
scruple or more. 

Burnt Alum. 
R. Alum any quantity 

Melt in an iron or earthen vessel over a 
fire, and continue the heat till it ceases to 
bubble and becomes dry, then rub it into 
powder. U. S. Ph. 

Astringent, and a mild escharotic. It is much 
used to repress the growth of exuberant granu- 
lations or proud flesh. 

Powder of Alum. 
R. Alum one drachm 

Gum Arabic half a drachm 

Triturate, and divide into four powders, one 
to be taken every three hours in atonic 
hemorrhagia. Radius. 

R. Alum a drachm and a half 

Catechu one drachm 

Armenian bole one ounce 

Triturate well. To arrest hemorrhagia. 
Van Mons. 

R. Alum 
Kino 
Triturate well, 
in hemorrhage 

R. Alum thirty grains 

Powdered opium three grains 

Mix, and make six powders, one to be taken 

every four hours. A. T. Thomson. 

R. Alum one drachm 

Powdered opium four grains 

" cinnamon one scruple 

Mix and triturate, divide into four powders, 
one to be taken every four hours, in menor- 
rhagia or in diarrhoea. Radius. 

R. Alum two drachms 

Powdered opium three grains 

" kino one scruple 

Sugar of milk one drachm 

Mix, triturate, and divide into six powders. 

One to be taken every three hours, in 

fluxes. Phoebus. 

Escharotic Powder of Alum. 
\l. Burnt alum 

Yellow oxide of iron 

Savine, each, equal parts 



four parts 

one part 

Dose, ten to twenty grains, 

or diarrhoea. Landerer. 



ALUMINA ET POTASS^ SULPHAS. 



Triturate well. As an eseharotic to vene- 
real excrescences. Swediaur. 

Alum Errhine. 
R. Alum 

Armenian bole, each, one drachm 

Kino half a drachm 

Red oxide of iron two drachms 

Mix, and triturate. As an errhine in epis- 

taxis. Radius. 

Gargles op Alum. 
R. Alum 

Nitrate of potassa, each, three ounces 
Cream of tartar four ounces 

Acetic acid four pounds 

Dissolve, evaporate to dryness, and powder 
the residuum. Half an ounce, dissolved 
in eight ounces of water, forms a gargle 
which has been highly praised in inflam- 
mation of the fauces and tonsils. 

Wirtem. Ph. 



R. Alum 
Water 
Dissolve. Said to 
breath is offensive. 



two drachms 

four fl. ounces 

useful where the 

Gavarra. 



Odontalgic Solution of Alum. 
R. Finely powdered alum two drachms 

Spirit of nitric ether seven fl. drachms 
Dissolve. Stated to be an almost infalli- 
ble cure for toothache. Blake. 

Boluses of Alum. 
R. Alum 

Extract of Peruvian bark 

Nutmeg, each, half a scruple 

Simple syrup sufficient 

to make a bolus. Prescribed in uterine 

and other hemorrhages, and repeated as 

may be required. Ellis. 

R. Alum five grains 

Extract of rhatany eighteen grains 

Conserve of rose hips half a drachm 

Astringent syrup sufficient 

to make ten boluses. Dose, one every 

three or four hours. Foy. 

Alum Pills. 
R. Alum six grains 

Opium 

Catechu, each, one grain 

Mix, and form into six pills. One to be 
given every two to four hours. In passive 
hemorrhages and atonic mucous discharges. 

Ellis. 

R . Alum two drachms 

Kino 
Honey of roses, each, one drachm 



Make pills, of six grains each. Dose, one 
to six a day, in passive hemorrhages. Foy. 

R. Alum 

Extract of Peruvian bark 
Muriate of iron and ammonia 
Aromatic powder, each, a drachm 
and a half 
Oil of cinnamon twelve drops 

Mix, and make pills of two grains. Dose, 
four to six, morning and evening, in pas- 
sive hemorrhages and mucous discharges. 
Augustin. 

Astringent Pills of Alum. 
R. Alum 

Catechu equal parts 

Extract of gentian sufficient 

to make pills of two grains each. Dose, 
four every three hours. Useful in diar- 
rhoea, and especially in leucorrhcea. 

Radius. 

Pills of Alum and Benzoin. 
R. Alum one scruple 

Benzoic acid five grains 

Gum Arabic 

White sugar, each, ten grains 

Mix, with sufficient water to form thirty- 
five pills, to be taken in two days. Have 
been thought useful in phthisis pulmonalis. 
Augustin. 

Electuaries of Alum. 
R. Alum one drachm 

Catechu 
Extract of Peruvian bark, each, 

two drachms 

Conserve of roses six drachms 

Simple syrup sufficient 

to make an electuary. Dose, one drachm 

every four hours. In chronic diarrhoea, 

leucorrhcea, and passive hemorrhages. 

St. Marie. 

R. Alum one drachm 

Extract of logwood half an ounce 

Balsam Peru six drops 

Water of sage sufficient 

Make an electuary. Astringent and anti- 
septic, recommended in sponginess of the 
gums. Phoebus. 

Alum Collyrium. 

R . Alum twelve to twenty grains 

Rose water four fl. ounces 

Dissolve. As an application in chronic 

ophthalmia. Ellis. 

Alum Curd. 
R. Powdered alum half a drachm 

White of egg one 



ALUMINA ET POTASSiE SULPHAS. 



Agitate well till a coagulum is formed. 
To be applied on a rag to inflamed eyes. 
To be removed when it becomes warm. 

Ellis. 

Solutions of Alum. 

R. Burnt alum 

Sulphate of zinc, each, half an ounce 
Distilled water two pints 

Dissolve. 

R. Alum one drachm 

Sulphate of zinc half a drachm 

Borax four grains 

Rose water six ounces 

Dissolve. Used as an astringent in bruises, 

slight hemorrhages, and mucous discharges. 

Cadet de Gassicourt. 

R. Alum half a drachm 

Armenian bole six drachms 

Vinegar 
Red wine, each, half an ounce 

Mix the powdered bole to the solution of 

the alum in the vinegar, and add the wine. 

Used as a local application in epistaxis. 

Swediaur. 

Gargles op Alum. 

R. Alum one drachm 

Wine one pound 

Tincture of bark four drachms 

myrrh two drachms 

Honey of roses two ounces 

Laudanum one scruple 

Mix. As a gargle in scurvy of the gums. 

Foy. 
R. Alum one drachm 

Infusion of red roses 
Barley water, each, three ounces 

Add to the solution 

Honey of roses two ounces 

Ratier. 

R. Powdered oak bark one ounce 

Boiling water a pint and a half 

Evaporate to one pint, filter, and add 
Alum half a drachm 

Brandy two fl. ounces 

Used as a gargle in inflammation of the 

mouth and throat. Awjustin. 

Injections of Alum. 
R. Alum one drachm 

Rose water two ounces 

Mix. In chronic gonorrhoea. Foy. 

R. Alum 

Sulphate of iron, each, twelve grains 

Honey of roses one ounce 

^ Barley water five fl. ounces 

Mix. In chronic gonorrhoea. Radius. 



89 

R. Stramonium half an ounce 

Boiling water two pints 

Infuse for half an hour, strain, and add 

to infusion 

Alum two drachms to an ounce 

In cancerous affections of uterus. Foy. 

Alum Injection. 
R. Infusion of flaxseed fifteen fl. ounces 
Alum two drachms 

Tincture of kino one ounce 

Mix. As an injection in cauliflower ex- 
crescence of the uterus. Clarice. 

Julep of Alum. 

R. Alum two drachms 

Sulphuric acid ten drops. 

Essence of citron six drops 

Syrup of lemon two ounces 

Water three ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful every hour, in 

lead colic. Radius. 

Alum Liniment. 
R . Alum half an ounce 

Whites of eggs four 

Spirit of camphor two ounces 

Mix. As an application to bed sores. 

Augustin. 

Lotions of Alum. 
R. Alum 

Sulphate of zinc, each, two drachms 

Plantain water two pints 

Mix. As a wash to wounds and bleeding 
ulcers. Cadet de Gassicourt. 

R. Alum three drachms 

Muriate of ammonia one drachm 

Liquid hydrosulphuric acid 

one scruple 

Rose water half a pint 

Mix. As a wash, in obstinate cutaneous 
affections. Alibert. 

Alum Whey. 
R. Cow's milk one pint 

Powdered alum a drachm and a-half 
Mix, separate the curd, and add to the 
whey 

White sugar one ounce 

Dissolve. In passive hemorrhages. A 
wineglassful occasionally, to be taken 
cold. Foy. 

Aromatic Alum Whey. 

R. Powdered alum one drachm 

Sugar of milk half a drachm 

Powdered cinnamon fifteen grains 

Cow's milk a pint and a-half 

Boil, and strain after coagulation. To be 

taken in cupful doses, cold, in hemor- 

rhagia. Niemann. 



90 



AMMONIA. 



Alum Draughts. 

R. Alum one to two drachms 

Syrup of gum two ounces 

Distilled water four fl. ounces 

Mix. Dose, a wineglassful every six hours, 

in lead colic and uterine hemorrhages. 

Guiboxirt. 
R. Alum two drachms 

Wine ' four ounces 

Gum tragacanth 

Catechu, each, a drachm 

Water eight ounces 

Mix. One or two spoonfuls every hour 

in lead colic. Radius. 

Anglo-Saxon Ointment. 
R. Red lead 

Olive oil 

White wax, each, one pound 

Powdered amber 

Burnt alum 

Camphor, each, two drachms 

Heat the oil until it becomes of a reddish- 
brown color, add the red lead and con- 
tinue the heat; when the mass has the 
consistence of a plaster, add the amber, 
and finally, when it cools, the alum and 
camphor. Highly spoken of as a dressing 
to foul ulcers. Niemann. 

Ointment for Chilblains. 
R. Sweet almonds, blanched, half a 

pound 

Honey six ounces 

Camphor 

Flour of mustard 

Burnt alum 

Olibanum, each, two ounces 

Yolk of eggs three 

Triturate well. This paste is to be thinned 
in a little water, and rubbed on the in- 
flamed parts night and morning, and then 
washed off in tepid water, and afterward 
the parts well dried with a linen cloth. 

Swediaur. 

Rust's Ointment. 

a drachm and a-half 



B. 



Alum 
Camphor 
Opium, each, 



a scruple to half a 
drachm 

Balsam Peru one drachm 

Lead ointment half an ounce 

Triturate well together. Found useful as 

an application to frosted limbs. Phoebus. 

Pile Ointment. 
R. Powdered alum four scruples 

Simple cerate five ounces and a-half 
Mix, and triturate well. As an applica- 
tion to painful hemorrhoids. Taddei. 



AMMONIA. 

Ammonia. 

This, under ordinary circumstances, exists as 
a gas, which is readily taken up by water or 
alcohol. Water absorbs nearly 800 times its 
volume of the gas at 32° F., and this solution 
possessing the properties of the gas is usually 
employed. 

Water of Ammonia. 
R . Pulverized muriate of ammonia 

Quicklime, each, one pound 

Distilled water one pint 

Water nine fl. ounces 

Break the lime in pieces, pour the water 
upon it in a proper vessel, cover this and 
permit it to rest until the lime slacks and 
is cold. Mix this with the muriate of am- 
monia in a mortar, and introduce the mix- 
ture into a glass retort. Place the retort 
on a sand-bath, and adapt to it a receiver 
connected by means of a glass tube with a 
quart bottle containing the distilled water. 
Apply heat, and continue as long as am- 
monia comes over. Remove the fluid in 
the bottle, and keep in small well-closed 
bottles. The liq. ammon. fort, has a sp. 
gr. of 0.880, and the usual liq. ammonise 
that of 0.960; one fl. ounce of the former 
with three of water will form the latter. 
U. S. Ph. 
Liniment of Ammonia. 
R. Water of ammonia half a fl. ounce 
Olive oil two fl. ounces 

Mix. Used as a rubefacient, and counter- 
irritant. U. S. Ph. 

Compound Liniment of Ammonia. 

R. Stronger water of ammonia five fl. 

ounces 

Spirit of camphor two fl. ounces 

Spirit of rosemary one fl. ounce 

Mix well. More powerful than the simple 

liniments. Edin. Ph. 

Granville's Lotion. 
(Milder.) 
R. Water of ammonia (-872) four fl. 

drachms 
Spirit of rosemary three fl. drachms 
Spirit of camphor (one § to Oj) 

one fl. drachm 
Mix. 

(Stronger.) 

R. Solution of ammonia five fl. drachms 

Spirit of rosemary two fl. drachms 

Spirit of camphor one fl. drachm 

Mix. As a counter irritant. Gray. 

Gargle of Ammonia. 
R. Water of ammonia (.960) half fl. ounce 



AMMONLE ACETAS. 



91 



To be added to a strained decoction of 
Mallows 

Dry figs, each, six drachms 

Cow's milk sixteen ounces 

Employed as a resolvent in certain cases 

of angina. Pringle. 

Injection of Ammonia. 
R. Water of ammonia one scruple 

Cow's milk one ounce 

Mix. An an emmenagogue this injection 
is to be used three times a-day. It induces 
a mucous flow, often followed by the ap- 
pearance of the catamenia. It must be 
used with great caution, and made less 
stimulating at first. Lavagna. 

Mixture op Ammonia. 
R . Water of ammonia 
Carbonate of potassa, 

each, two drachms 

Cinnamon water four ounces 

Mix. A spoonful every two or three hours, 

in cardialgia and acidity of the stomach. 

Jourdan. 

Mixture op Ammonia and Ether. 
R . Water of ammonia 

Sulphuric ether, each, two drachms 

Peppermint water four ounces 

Syrup of cinnamon one ounce 

Mix. A spoonful every hour. Said to be 

very useful in bites of venomous snakes. 

Radius. 

Ammoniacal Sinapism. 
R. Flour of mustard one ounce and a-half 
Rye flour half an ounce 

Water of ammonia sufficient 

To form a cataplasm. 

This is more active than the simple mus- 
tard poultice. Phoebus. 

Lotion op Ammonia. 
R . Water of ammonia 

Spirit of thyme 

Spirit of camphor equal parts 

Mix. As a lotion to the forehead, or ap- 
plied to the temples, in compresses, in sick- 
headache. JSwediaur. 

Fetid Spirit op Ammonia. 
R. Ammoniated alcohol two pints 

Assafetida two ounces 

Macerate for twelve hours. Then, by a 
gentle heat, distil off a pint and a-half into 
a cooled receiver. Lond. Ph. 

Employed as a stimulant and antispasmodic, 
in doses of half a drachm to a drachm. 



Steer' 
R. Alcohol 



Opodeldoc. 



eight pints 



twenty ounces 

four fl. ounces 

eight ounces 



Water of ammonia 

Camphor 

Oil of rosemary 

of monarda, each, one fl. ounce 
Dissolve the soap in the alcohol with a 
gentle heat, add the other articles, suffer • 
the impurities to subside, and pour into 
vials whilst warm. Phil. Coll. Pharm. 

Liquid Opodeldoc. 

R. Dry Spanish soap sixty parts 

Camphor fifteen parts 

Alcohol five hundred parts 

Oil of thyme four parts 

of rosemary three parts 

Solution of ammonia thirty parts 

Mix, dissolve, and filter. Giseke. 

Plaster op Ammonia. 
R. Strong water of ammonia one ounce 

Camphor two ounces 

Opium fifteen grains 

Ammoniac 

Saffron 

Glum plaster 

Gralbanum plaster, each, half an ounce 
Mix well. For corns. A thick layer of 
this plaster is to be spread on a piece of 
linen or kid-skin, of the exact size of the 
corn, as it will blister the sound skin. 

La Foret. 

Sulphuretted Ammoniacal Liniment. 

R . Water of ammonia one ounce 

Camphor half a drachm 

Sulphuret of potassium four drachms 
Olive oil six ounces 

Mix. Recommended as an application in 

tenia capitis. Bories. 

Terebinthinate Ammoniacal Lini- 
ment. 
R . Oil of chamomile 
of henbane 
Essence of turpentine, 

each, two fl. ounces 

Water of ammonia 

Tincture of capsicum, each, one ounce 
Camphor half an ounce 

Mix well. A very stimulating liniment, 
found beneficial in asthenic gout and chro- 
nic rheumatism. Amnion. 



AMMONITE ACETAS. 

Acetate op Ammonia. 

Solution op Acetate op Ammonia. 
R. Diluted acetic acid one pint 



02 



AMMONIA CARBONAS. 



Carbonate of am- 
monia a sufficient quantity 
Add the carbonate gradually to the acid, 
stirring constantly until all effervescence 
ceases. U. S. Ph. 

A valuable diaphoretic in febrile and inflam- 
matory diseases, when aided by warmth, other- 
wise acts as a diuretic. Dose, half a fl. ounce 
to a fl. ounce every three or four hours. It is 
also a good refrigerant lotion. It is known as 
the spirit of minder -erus. 

Cataplasm with Acetate of Am- 
monia. 
R. Extract of hemlock one ounce 

of henbane half an ounce 

Powder of belladonna one drachm 
Solution of acetate of am- 
monia sufficient 
to form a cataplasm. Has been found 
useful in ulcerated cancerous sores. 

Radius. 

COLLYRIUM OF ACETATE OF AMMONIA. 

R. Solution of acetate of ammonia 

Rose water equal parts 

In chronic ophthalmia. Saunders. 

Gargle of Acetate of Ammonia. 
R. Solution of acetate of ammonia 

Honey of roses, each, one ounce 

Elder water eight ounces 

Mis. Recommended by Wendt in scarla- 
tina anginose with ulcerations. Phoebus. 

Mixture of Acetate of Ammonia. 
R . Solution of acetate of 

ammonia two fl. ounces 

Cinnamon water one fl. ounce 

Antimonial wine one fl. drachm 

Distilled water two fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful every two or three 

hours. Ellis. 

R. Camphor mixture 

Solution of acetate of 

ammonia, each, half a fl. ounce 

Antimonial wine 

Laudanum, each, twenty drops 

Mix. To be taken at bedtime, or oftener, 
in which latter case the laudanum to be 
diminished. Ellis. 

R. Liquid acetate of 

ammonia half fl. ounce 

Camphor mixture seven fl. drachms 

Antimonial wine fifteen drops 

Syrup of saffron half a fl. drachm 

Mix. To be taken three times a-day. 

Burke. 



AMMONIA ARSENIAS. 

Arseniate of Ammonia. 

R. Arsenic acid one ounce 

Strong water of ammonia sufficient 

to saturate the acid. To be left to evaporate 

and crystallize spontaneously. Cottereau. 

Solution of Arseniate of Ammonia. 
R. Arseniate of ammonia eight grains 
Water eight ounces 

Angelica water four drachms 

Mix. Has been recommended, in doses of 
twenty to thirty drops, in obstinate cuta- 
neous affections. Soubeiran. 



AMMONITE CARBONAS. 

Carbonate of Ammonia. 
R. Muriate of ammonia one pound 

Dried carbonate 

of lime one pound and a-half 

Pulverize them separately, then mix them 
thoroughly, and sublime into a cooled re- 
ceiver. U. S. Ph. 

Aromatic Carbonate of Ammonia. 

R. Carbonate of ammonia one pound 

Oil of lavender three ounces 

verbena half an ounce 

Grind together, and sublime with a gentle 

heat. 

R. Muriate of ammonia one drachm 

Caustic potassa three drachms 

Grind together, and add 

Oil of lemons fifteen drops 

Cooley. 
R. Carbonate of ammonia half an ounce. 
Oil of peppermint 

cajeput, each, twelve drops 
Mix, and keep in closed bottle. Phoebus. 

R. Powd. carb. ammon. one ounce 

Stronger sol. of ammon. half a fl. ounce 
Oil of rosemary 

Oil of bergamot, each, ten drops 

Mix, and while moist, put in a wide-mouth 
bottle, which is to be well closed. 

All these are used as smelling salts in faint- 
ness, &c. 

Potion of Carbonate of Ammonia. 

R . Carbonate of ammonia ten grains 

Cinnamon water one ounce 

Tincture of allspice half a drachm 

Syrup of saffron half an ounce 

Mix. To be taken before going to bed. 

Phoebus. 



AMMONITE CARBONAS. 



93 



R. Comp. tinct. of 

ammonia two fl. drachms and a-half 

Camphor water seven fl. ounces 

Tincture of castor one fl. drachm 

Simple syrup three fl. drachms 

Mix. Two spoonfuls in an hysteric attack. 

Ainslie. 

Pills of Carbonate of Ammonia. 
R. Carbonate of ammonia 
Powdered capsicum 
cloves 

mace, each, one scruple 

Oil of caraway five drops 

Extract of gentian twelve grains 

Simple syrup sufficient 

to form twenty pills. One every two 

hours in gout in the stomach. Parrish. 

Mixture of Carbonate of Ammonia. 
R . Carbonate of ammonia 
Powdered white sugar 

gum Arabic, each, a drachm 
and a-half 
Compound spirits of 

lavender two fl. drachms 

Mint water four fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful every two or three 

hours. If required, forty to fifty drops of 

laudanum may be added to the mixture. 

Ellis. 
Useful in low states of the system. 

Draught with Carbonate of Ammo- 
nia. 
R Valerian one scruple 

Carbonate of ammonia ten grains 

Cinnamon water two fl. ounces 

Mix. To be taken every four hours, in 
depression of the spirits and nervous head- 
ache. Ellis. 

Mixture of Carbonate of Ammonia 
and Ginger. 

R. Powdered ginger fifteen grains 

Carbonate of ammonia eight grains 
Spirit of cinnamon two fl. drachms 
Water one and a-half fl. ounces 

Mix. To be taken in gout or cramp in 

the stomach. Ellis. 

Drops of Carbonate of Ammonia. 

R. Carbonate of ammonia twenty parts 

Oil of lavender one part 

Alcohol four parts 

Distil. Dose, thirty or forty drops in 

nervous headache. Cottereau. 

Ointment of Carbonate of Ammonia. 

R . Carbonate of ammonia one part 

Simple cerate eight parts 



Mix. Used in frictions to the throat in 
croup. Foy. 

Plaster of Carbonate of Ammonia. 
R. Carbonate of ammonia 

Opium, each, fifteen grains. 

Camphor half a drachm 

Oil of cajeput twenty drops 

Gralbanum plaster half an ounce 

Mix. Said to be useful as an application 
to the pit of the stomach to arrest vomit- 
ing in sea-sickness. Phcebus. 

Camphorated Ammoniacal Liniment. 

R . Liquid carbonate of ammonia four parts 
Oil of olives sixteen parts 

Spirit of camphor three parts 

Mix. As a revulsive embrocation. 

Swediaur. 

Ammoniacal Ointment. 

R . Carbonate of ammonia one drachm 
Rose ointment one ounce 

Oil of jasmine four drops 

Mix. Recommended as a friction, three 

or four times a-day, in engorgements of 

the mammae. 



GtOndret's Ammoniacal Ointment. 
R. Suet 

Hog's lard, each, one part 

Strong water of ammonia two parts 
Melt the fats and incorporate the ammo- 
nia. Soubeiran. 

R. Hog's lard seven drachms 

Oil of almonds a drachm and a-half 

Strong water of ammonia five 

drachms 

Melt the lard, mix it with the oil, pour 

into a wide-mouthed bottle with a glass 

stopper, add the ammonia, agitate well. 

Keep in a cool place. 

Rubbed on the skin it causes rubefaction, and, 
if covered with a compress, speedily vesicates. 
A useful rubefacient and counter-irritant. 

Gondret. 

Compound Tincture of Ammonia. 
R. Mastic two drachms 

Alcohol nine fl. drachms 

Oil of lavender fourteen drops 

Oil of amber four drops 

Strong water of ammonia one pint 
Dissolve the mastic in the alcohol, and fil- 
ter; add the other ingredients, and agitate 
them well. 

Well known under the name of caw de luce as 
a remedy in bites of venomous reptiles. It is a 
good antispasmodic, in doses of from ten to forty 
drops; and also forms a stimulating embroca- 
tion. Land. Ph. 



04 



AMMONIA CITRAS— AMMONIA HYDROSULPHAS. 



Ammoniated Alcohol. 

R. Alcohol twenty fl. ounces 

Quicklime one pound 

Muriate of ammonia one pound 

Water nine fl. ounces 

Prepare as directed for water of ammonia. 

U. S. Ph. 

ArOxMAtic Ammoniated Alcohol. 
R. Ammoniated alcohol one pint 

Oil of rosemary 

lemons, each, two fl. drachms 
cloves 

cinnamon, each, half a 

fl. drachm 
Mix the oils, add the ammoniated alcohol, 
and pour in as much water as will prevent 
empyreuma in distilling; distil a pint with 
a gentle heat. U. S. Ph., 1830. 

Mixture of Ammoniated Alcohol. 
R . Ammoniated alcohol half an ounce 
Oil of amber one drop 

mace two drops 

aniseed 
cloves 

cinnamon, each, three drops 
Mix. Dose, ten to thirty drops in sweet- 
ened gum water, in anorexia and flatus. 
Ammon. 

Anisated Ammoniated Alcohol. 
R. Alcohol twenty-four parts 

Oil of aniseed one part 

Dissolve, and gradually add, constantly 
stirring 

Ammoniated alcohol six parts 

Keep in well-closed bottles. Jourdan. 

Lotion in Hiccough. 
R. Anisated ammoniated alcohol 

one drachm 
Spirits of lavender two ounces 

Recommended by Siebold to be rubbed on 
the thorax and abdomen of infants to check hic- 
cough. Radius. 

Mixture of Anisated Ammoniated 

Alcohol. 

R. Extract of liquorice one drachm 

Barley water three ounces and a-half 

Anisated ammoniated alcohol half a 

drachm 

Simple syrup half an ounce 

Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally in chronic 

catarrh. Huf eland. 

R. Anisated ammoniated alcohol 

one drachm 

Syrup of mallows one ounce 

Extract of henbane one scruple 

Mix well. A desertspoonful, three times 



a day, in chronic bronchitis, or in the 
second stages of hooping-cough. Radius. 

Vic at' s Anodyne Mixture. 

R. Ammoniated alcohol half an ounce 

Diluted alcohol one ounce 

Opium two scruples 

Camphor one scruple 

Digest for three days, often stirring, and 

filter. Used on cotton to fill the cavity 

of carious teeth, and as a lotion to the 

temples in headache. Spielman. 



AMMONIA CITRAS. 
Citrate of Ammonia. 
R. Fresh lemon juice one fl. ounce 

Carbonate of ammonia sufficient 

to saturate 

White sugar one drachm 

Distilled water four fl. ounces 

Mix. 

A pleasant saline diaphoretic in febrile disor- 
ders, resembling the solution of the acetate of 
ammonia in its effects. Dose, a tablespoonful, 
as may be required. Ellis. 



AMMONIA HYDRIODAS. 

Hydriodate of Ammonia. 
R. Iodine one hundred parts 

Iron filings thirty parts 

Water five hundred parts 

Mix, and heat till the liquid becomes 
almost colorless; filter, and add carbonate 
of ammonia, as long as any precipitate 
takes place; filter, evaporate to dryness, 
redissolve in four or five times its weight 
of water; filter, evaporate, and crystallize. 



Ointment of Hydriodate of 
Ammonia. 
R . Hydriodate of ammonia one scruple 
Lard one ounce 

Mix. Beasley. 

R . Hydriodate of ammonia one drachm 
Lard one ounce 

Mix. Gibert. 

As an application to scrofulous tumors and 
cutaneous affections. 



AMMONIiE HYDROSULPHAS. 

Hydrosulphate of Ammonia. 
R. Water of ammonia four fl. ounces 

Pass hydrosulphuric acid (obtained from 
the sulphuret of iron and sulphuric acid 



AMMONIA MURIAS. 



95 



diluted with four times its weight of water) 
through the water of ammonia in a suit- 
able apparatus, to perfect saturation. To 
be kept in a well-stopped bottle. 

U. S. Ph. 

A powerful sedative, lessening the action of 
the circulatory system to a great degree, and 
causing nausea, vomiting, vertigo, &c. 

Used in diabetes to check the morbid appe- 
tite, by Cruickshank, Rollo, and others. Dose, 
five or six drops, in a tumbler full of water, 
three or four times a-day, gradually increasing 
the dose until some vertigo is induced. 

Sulphuretted Hydro sulphate op 
Ammonia. 
R. Quicklime 

Sulphur, each, three parts 

Triturate together, adding water sufficient 
to form a paste, and incorporate 

Sulphate of ammonia seven parts 

dissolved in water, let stand, decant, wash 
the residuum, rubbing it with a small por- 
tion of water, unite the solutions, and 
filter. Van Mons. 

Known as Boyle's fuming liquor, and recom- 
mended in venereal complaints, in phthisis, 
rheumatism, and gout, in doses of three to four 
drops in water, augmenting the dose until ver- 
tigo ensues. 

"Wilkinson's Liniment. 
R. Boyle's fuming liquor ten grains 

Chalk one scruple 

Flowers of sulphur 

Lard 

Tar, each, half an ounce 

Mix well. Advised in chronic diseases of 
the skin. To be rubbed on a certain extent 
of the surface at a time. Phoebus. 

Sulphuretted Syrup. 
R. Boyle's fuming liquor three drachms 
Sulphuret of antimony 

and soda one drachm 

Simple syrup an ounce and a-half 
Mix. Has been prescribed in croup, in 
the dose of a teaspoonful every hour. 

Swediaur. 



AMMONIA MURIAS. 

Sal Ammoniac. 

Powder op Sal Ammoniac. 

R. Sal ammoniac two drachms 

Camphor six grains 

Arnica half a drachm 

White sugar six drachms 

Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, three or four 

times a day. Said to be efficacious as an 

emmenagogue, and also in smaller doses in 

chronic catarrh. Radius. 



Bolus op Sal Ammoniac. 
R. Sal ammoniac 

Extract of liquorice, each, one scruple 
Extract of taraxacum sufficient 

to form a bolus. One to be taken every 
three or four hours, in schirrus of the pros- 
tate, bladder, or rectum. Radius. 

Lotions op Sal Ammoniac. 
R. Sal ammoniac two scruples 

Vinegar _ . one ounce 

Water one pint 

Mix. Augustin. 

R. Sal Ammoniac one ounce 

"Vinegar 

Alcohol, each, four ounces 

Mix. In strains, bruises, and external in- 
flammation. Foy. 

Fomentation op Sal Ammoniac. 
R. Bistort 

Pomegranate, each, two ounces 

Red wine one pound 

Heat, digest for an hour, strain, and add 

Sal ammoniac two drachms 

Useful as a fomentation, in strains and 
bruises. Foy. 

R. Sal ammoniac one ounce 

Spirit of rosemary one pound 

Mix. Said to be useful in engorgement of 
the mammae. The breast to be covered 
with cloths dipped in the fluid. Foy. 

Liniment with Sal Ammoniac. 

R. Sal ammoniac one ounce 

Camphor half an ounce 

White soap six drachms 

Alcohol two pounds 

Digest, and filter. Useful as an application 

to contusions. Niemann. 

Collutorium op Sal Ammoniac. 

R. Pyrethrum two drachms 

Lavender water 

Vinegar, each, two ounces 

Opium two grains 

Sal ammoniac one drachm 

Macerate for a few days, and filter. 

Cadet de Gassicourt. 

Draught of Sal Ammoniac. 

R. Sal ammoniac five grains 

Camphor three grains 

Gum Arabic one drachm 

Parsley water four ounces 

Mix. To be taken every two hours in 

paralytic retention of urine. Radius. 

Cataplasm with Sal Ammoniac. 
R. Sal ammoniac 

Henbane, each, half an ounce 



96 



AMMONIA NITRAS— AMMONIA SUCCINAS. 



Linseed meal an ounce and a-half 
Boiling water 'sufficient 

to make a cataplasm. Advised in an en- 
gorgement of milk in the breasts. 

Radius 

Wash of Sal Ammoniac. 

R. Bran an ounce and a-half 

Mallow leaves six drachms 

Water sufficient 

to make sixteen ounces of solution. Boil, 

strain, and add to decoction 

Sal ammoniac two drachms 

Tincture of benzoin half an ounce 

Radius. 

Emulsion of Sal Ammoniac. 
R. Sweet almonds one ounce 

Orange-flower water two ounces 

Rose water eight ounces 

Sal ammoniac one drachm 

Tincture of benzoin two drachms 

Rub down the almonds previously blanch- 
ed, with the rose water, and add the other 
articles. Phoebus. 



AMMONIA NITRAS. 

Nitrate of Ammonia. 
R. Diluted nitric acid at will 

Carbonate of ammonia sufficient 

to saturate. 

Evaporate by a gentle heat, till a pellicle 
forms; set aside to crystallize. Pereira. 
Soluble in two parts of cold water. In 
doses of one to two scruples, it reduces the 
frequency of the pulse and heat of skin, 
and also acts as a diuretic. 

Mixture of Nitrate of Ammonia. 
R . Carbonate of ammonia one scruple 
Nitric acid sufficient 

to saturate ; add 

Syrup of mallows one ounce 

Distilled water two ounces 

Dose, a desertspoonful, every two hours. 
Radius. 



AMMONIA PHOSPHAS. 

Phosphate of Ammonia. 
R. Phosphoric acid at will 

Saturate with 

Carbonate of ammonia 
and set by to crystallize. Niemann. 

Diuretic and discutient. Recommended by 
Dr. Buckler, of Baltimore, in gout and rheuma- 
tism, as a solvent of uric acid calculus, and in 
diseases dependent on a lithic acid diathesis. 
Dose, twenty to thirty drops of the saturated so- 
lution, three times a-day. 



R. Powdered calcined bone ten pounds 
Sulphuric acid six pounds 

Mix in a stoneware vessel, adding one gal- 
lon of water, digest for three or four days, 
frequently stirring, add a gallon of boiling 
water, strain, adding more boiling water, 
till it passes almost tasteless. Concentrate 
to one gallon, saturate with carbonate of 
ammonia, filter, concentrate by gentle heat, 
not above 100° F., and let crystallize. 
After removing each crop of crystals, add 
more ammonia, and concentrate. C. Ellis. 

Solution of Phosphate of Ammonia. 
R . Phosphate of ammonia half an ounce 
Water six fl. ounces 

Dissolve. Dose, a tablespoonful three times 
a-day. C. Ellis. 



AMMONIJ1 SUCCINAS. 
Succinate of Ammonia. 
R. Succinic acid one part 

Water four parts 

Put in a capsule, and add sufficient water 
of ammonia, till perfectly saturated, with 
a slight excess of alkali, filter, evaporate, 
and crystallize. Guibourt. 

Impure Succinate of Ammonia. 
R . Spirits of hartshorn at will 

Saturate with a solution of succinic acid, 
filter, evaporate, and crystallize. 

Bavan Ph. 

Spirit of Succinate of Ammonia. 

R . Spirit of hartshorn two fl. ounces 

Sal ammoniac four ounces 

Carbonate of potassa twelve ounces 

Powdered amber six ounces 

Oil of lemons two fl. drachms 

Mix the sal ammoniac, oil, and amber, add 

the carbonate of potassa to three pints of 

alcohol, mixed with a pint of water, and 

distil on a sand-bath. Dose, thirty to fifty 

drops, as an antispasmodic. Niemann. 

Mixture of Succinate of Ammonia. 
R . Liquid succinate of ammonia 

Elixir of liquorice, each, two parts 
Wine of opium 

Antimonial wine, each, one part 

Mix. Useful in hooping-cough, in doses 
of ten to forty drops, every two hours. 

Augustin. 

Spirit of Ammonia and Succinic 

Acid. 
R. Succinic acid one part 

Hot water eight parts 

Saturate the solution with carbonate of 



AMMONIA SULPHAS-AMMONIACUM. 



9T 



ammonia, and filter. Antispasmodic, sudo- 
rific. Van Mons. 

Ammon. Succinic Acid, and Ether. 
R. Ammon. succinic acid 

Sulphuric ether equal parts 

Mix. Much praised in gout and rheu- 
matism. Dose, twenty to forty drops in 
sugar and water, two or three times a-day. 
St. Marie. 

Mixture of Succinate of Ammonia. 
R. Liquid succinate of 
ammonia 
Tincture of castor 
Anisated ammon. 

alcohol, each, 
Tincture of mace 

nutmeg 

Mix. Fifteen to twenty-five drops, three 
or four times a-day, in hysteria. Augustin. 

Liniment of Succinate of Ammonia. 
R. Liquid succinate of 

ammonia one fl. ounce 

Camphorated oil two fl. ounces 

Mix. As a liniment to the neck in angina. 

St. Marie. 

R. Camphor 

Oil of turpentine 
Dissolve, and add 

Soft-soap 

Ointment of bayberries 

Succinate of ammonia 
Mix. As a friction in chronic rheumatism, 
especially sciatica. Cadet. 



five fl. drachms 



three fl. drachms 

two fl. drachms 

one fl. drachm 



two scruples 
two drachms 

one ounce 
two drachms 
fifteen grains 



AMMONITE SULPHAS. 

Sulphate of Ammonia. 
R . Diluted sulphuric acid at will 

Carbonate of ammonia sufficient 

to saturate ; filter, and crystallize. 

Soubeiran. 
Laxative and stimulant. Dose, from a scru- 
ple to half a drachm. 



AMMONIACUM. 
Gum Ammoniac. 

This gum-resin is found in the shops, either 
in whitish or yellowish tears, or in yellowish or 
brownish masses. It has an unpleasant odor, 
and a nauseous and somewhat bitter taste. Is 
the product of Ferula tingitana, Linn.; and of 
Dorema ammoniacum, Don. 

Pereira, Mat. Med. ii. 489. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 325, 331. 

Its effects on the system are somewhat like 
those of assafetida, and appear to be most 

7 



marked on the bronchial mucous membrane. It 
also is considered to be emmenagogue. The 
dose is from six to twelve grains. It is employed 
externally as a resolvent. 

Ammoniac Pills. 



R. Ammoniac 

Syrup of gum 
to make thirty-six pills. 
R. Ammoniac 

Myrrh, each, 

Extract of horehound 
liquorice 
Mix. Make two grain pills 
to ten every three hours. 
R. Ammoniac 



one drachm 

sufficient 

Soubeiran. 

two drachms 

one drachm 

three drachms 

Dose, four 



one ounce 
two ounces 
sufficient 
As a remedy in 
Bories. 
two drachms 
one drachm 
twenty drops 



Elixir proprietatis 
to make four grain pills, 
obstructed menstruation 
R. Ammoniac 

Soap 

Oil of juniper 
Mix, and form pills of two grains 

Augustin. 
Klein's Pills. 
R. Ammoniac 

Extract of centaury, each, half an ounce 

Soap one ounce 

Oil of amber ten drops 

Triturate, and make pills of two grains. 

Spielmann. 
Pills of Ammoniac and Rhubarb. 
R. Ammoniac 

Soap 

Rhubarb, each, two drachms 

Triturate, and make three grain pills. 
Dose, ten, three to four times a-day. 



Compound Ammoniac Pill. 
R. Ammoniac one drachm 

Blue pill fifteen grains 

Powdered squill six grains 

Simple syrup sufficient 

Mix, and make sixteen pills. One, three 
times a-day, in asthmatic cough with he- 
patic derangement. Ainslie. 

De Haen's Pills. 
R. Ammoniac 

Pill, aloes and myrrh, each, one drachm 
Soap 

Extract of conium, each, a drachm 

and a-half 

Triturate, and form into three grain pills. 

Dose, four a day, in chlorosis and amenor- 

rhoea. St. Marie. 

Ammoniac Mixture. 
R. Ammoniac two drachms 



AMYGDALA— AMYGDALA DULCIS. 



Water half a pint 

Rub the ammoniac with the water gradu- 
ally added, until they are thoroughly mixed. 
U. S. Ph. 

The dose is from one to two tablespoonsfuls. 

Compound Ammoniac Mixture. 
R. Ammoniac one drachm 

Distilled water four fl. ounces 

Make a mixture, and add 

Oxymel of squills two fl. ounces 

Paregoric elixir half a fl. ounce 

Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, as 
a stimulating expectorant. , Ellis. 

R. Ammoniac mixture five fl. ounces 

Oxymel of squill half fl. ounce 

Antimonial wine twenty-six minims 

Distilled vinegar three fl. drachms 

Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally in 

cough, or humoral asthma. Ainslie. 

R. Ammoniac 

Assafetida 

Soap 

Powdered valerian 

Flowers of arnica, each, two drachms 

Tartar emetic eighteen grains 

Mix, and make two grain pills. In doses of 
twenty or thirty, three times a-day. In 
amaurosis, arising from abdominal affec- 
tions. Richter. 

Ammoniac and Nitric Acid Mixture. 

R . Ammoniac two and a-half scruples 
Nitric acid two fl. drachms 

Water eight fl. ounces 

Add the acid to the water, then gradually 

rub the gum with the acid compound, in a 

composition mortar. 

A teaspoonful, two or three times a day. It 

is highly beneficial in chronic catarrh, especially 

in that of elderly persons. Ellis. 

Mixtures op Ammoniac. 

R . Ammoniac mixture three fl. ounces 

Tincture of castor half a fl. drachm 

Syrup of tolu half a fl. ounce 

Laudanum twenty to thirty drops 

Cinnamon water one fl. ounce 

Mix. A dcsertspoonful every three or four 

hours in troublesome cough. Mci<js. 

R. Gum ammoniac 

Arabic, each, half an ounce 

Infusion of hyssop six ounces 

Syrup of capillaire two ounces 

Rub the gums with the infusion until a 

solution is formed. 

In tablespoonful doses occasionally in ca- 
tarrhs. Radius. 
R . Ammoniac mixture four ounces 



Wine of ammoniac 

Paregoric elixir, each, half an ounce 

Syrup of tolu one ounce 

Mix. In teaspoonful doses occasionally as 
an expectorant. 

Ammoniac Plaster. 
R. Ammoniac five ounces 

Vinegar half a pint 

Dissolve the ammonia in the vinegar and 
strain, evaporate in an iron vessel on a 
sand-bath to a proper consistence. 

U. S. Ph. 

Useful as an application to indolent and scro- 
fulous tumors to promote suppuration 

Plaster of Ammoniac with Mercury. 
R. Ammoniac one pound 

Purified mercury three ounces 

Olive oil one fl. ounce 

Sulphur eight grains 

To the heated oil, add the sulphur gradu- 
ally, stirring constantly, then rub the mer- 
cury with the compound, until the globules 
disappear; lastly, add the ammoniac pre- 
viously melted, and with a gentle heat rub 
them well together. EJin. Ph. 

More active than the simple ammoniac plas- 
ter. Used as a discutient to tumid glands and 
other indolent swellings, especially syphilitic. 
Sometimes salivates. 

Gum Plaster. 
R. Litharge plaster four ounces 

Ammoniac 

Galbanum 

Beeswax, each, half an ounce 

Melt the gum resins together and strain, 
melt also the plaster and wax; add the 
two mixtures together and thoroughly in- 
corporate. Edin. Ph. 
A good digestive and suppurative for indolent 
tumors. 

Ammoniac Plaster with Hemlock. 
R. Strained ammoniac three ounces 

Extract of hemlock two drachms 

Melt, and add 

Solution subacetate of lead one drachm 
Stir till cold. Ph. Chem. 



AMYGDALA. 

Almonds. 
AMYGDALA AMARA. 

Bitter Almonds. 
AMYGDALA DULCIS. 

Sweet Almonds. 

The almond-tree, Amygclalus communis, is about 
the size, and much resembles the peach-tree in 



AMYGDALA DULCIS. 



99 



appearance. It is a native of Persia and Syria, 
and is extensively cultivated i'n the southern 
parts of Europe. There are several varieties, 
the most important of which are the sweet and 
the bitter : the former having a sweet, bland 
kernel; and the latter, one that has the bitter 
taste of the peach kernel. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Amyg- 
dalaceas. 

Linn. Sp. PL 677. Griffith, Med. Bot. 284. 

Sweet almonds act as a demulcent; but the 
bitter have some of the properties of hydrocyanic 
acid. 

Butter of Almonds. 

R. Blanched almonds ten drachms 

White sugar twelve drachms 

Orange-flower water two drachms 

Triturate till reduced to a homogeneous 

paste. Guibourt. 

A spoonful, stirred in a tumbler of water, forms 

an extemporaneous syrup of orgeat, which latter 

preparation is difficult to preserve. 

Almond Paste. 

R. Blanched almonds eight ounces 

Oil of almonds 

Lemon juice, each, a sufficient quantity 
Diluted alcohol five ounces 

Form a paste. Tadclei. 

R. Blanched almonds 

Rice flower, each, eight ounces 

Bean flower sixteen ounces 

Myrrh two ounces 

Camphor one ounce and a-half 

White soap twenty ounces 

Form a paste. Sjnelmann. 

Used as a cosmetic. 

Almond Powder. 
R. Blanched almonds two pounds 

Rice flower 

Orris root, each, four ounces 

G-um benzoin 
Carbonate of potassa 
Spermaceti, each, one ounce 

Oil of rhodium 
lavender 

cloves, each, thirty drops 

Form a powder. Used as a cosmetic. 

Almond Emulsions. 
R. Blanched almonds one ounce 

Pound in a marble mortar, and gradually 
add 

Water sixteen ounces 

Strain. Beral. 

R. Blanched almonds two ounces 

White sugar half an ounce 

Pound in a marble mortar, and add 

Boiling water twelve fl. ounces 

Strain, and add 

Orange-flower water two drachms 



Almond Connection. 
R. Blanched almonds one ounce 

Powdered gum Arabic one drachm 
sugar half an ounce 

Pound well in a marble mortar till tho- 
roughly mixed. U. S. Ph. 

Compound Almond Lotion. 
R. Sweet almonds one ounce 

Bitter " four drachms 

Form an emulsion with 

Cherry brandy ten fl. ounces 

Add 

Corrosive sublimate six grains 

Tincture of benzoin six drachms 

Lemon juice four drachms 

Mix. As a lotion for pustular eruptions 

on the face. The mixture should be 

shaken before it is used. Siemerling. 

Syrup op Orgeat. 
R. Sweet almonds one pound 

Bitter " five ounces 

White sugar six pounds 

Orange-flower water eight ounces 

Water three pints. 

Blanch the almonds, beat them into a paste 
with some of the water and the sugar, mix 
this paste with the rest of the water, press, 
and strain; dissolve the remainder of the 
sugar in the emulsion by means of a water- 
bath, add the orange flower-water, and 
strain. Paris Cod. 

Artificial Milk. 

R. Blanched almonds No. 2 

Make an emulsion with 

Boiling water four ounces 

Cow's milk six ounces 

White sugar one drachm 

Strain. As a substitute for breast milk 

for infants. Rosenstein. 

Anodyne Milk. 
R. Blanched almonds four ounces 

Melon seeds 

Squash seed, each, one ounce 

Lettuce seeds 

Poppy seeds, each, one drachm 

Triturate well, adding gradually 
Barley water sufficient 

Strain and express, to be taken in glassful 
doses, to which are to be added two drachms 
of sugar. Pierqydn. 

Milk of Roses. 
R. Almonds one ounce 

Rose water five ounces 

Alcohol one ounce 

Soap half a drachm 

Attar of roses two drops 



100 



AMYGDALA DULCI8. 



Blanch the almonds, dry them well with a 
cloth, heat them to a paste, add the soap, 
triturate well, then add the rose water and 
alcohol, rub well together, and strain 
through fine linen. This keeps well. 

Bateman. 
R. Blanched almonds eight ounces 

Rose water three pints 

Windsor soap 

White wax 

Oil of almonds, each, half an ounce 

Rectified spirit twelve ounces 

Oil of bergamot half an ounce 

lavender one drachm 

Attar of roses half a drachm 

Beat the almonds with the rose water, so 
as to form an emulsion; melt the soap, 
wax, and almond oil together by a gentle 
heat, and rub the mixture with the emul- 
sion, strain; dissolve the essential oils in 
the spirit, and mix with the strained emul- 
sion. Redwood. 

Goulard's Lotion 
R . Emulsion of bitter 

almonds two hundred parts 

Corrosive sublimate 

Sal ammoniac, each, one part 

Foy. 
Almond Cream. 
R. Marrow pomatum 

Almond oil, each, two ounces 

Melt by a gentle heat, and add 

Oil of jasmine two drachms 

stirring till cold. As an application to 
the hair, Bateman. 

Oil op Almonds. 
The kernels of almonds are to be rubbed 
and shaken in a bag to remove the reddish 
dust that adheres to them, then ground in 
a mill or pounded in a stone mortar. The 
marc is to be subjected to pressure in a 
linen bag and the oil filtered. 

Cold Cream. 
R. Rose water 

Oil of almonds, each, two fl. ounces 
Spermaceti half an ounce 

White wax one drachm 

Melt together the oil, spermaceti, and wax, 
by means of a water-bath, add the rose 
water, and stir constantly until the mix- 
ture is cold. U. S. Ph. 

Almond Emulsion. 
R. Almond confection one ounce 

Water half a pint 

Rub the confection with the water gradu- 
ally added; when thoroughly mixed, strain. 
U. S. Ph, 



A good demplcent, in irritation or inflamma- 
tion of mucous membranes, and may be freely 
used. 

Aromatic Almond Emulsion. 
R. Blanched almonds 

Simple syrup 

Orange-flower water, each, one ounce 

Water fourteen ounces 

Rub down the almonds with a little of the 
water, incorporate the paste with the re- 
mainder of the fluid, and strain. Beral. 



Green Linctus. 



R. Pistachio nuts 
Syrup of violets 
Oil of almonds 
Gum tragacanth 
Tincture of saffron 
Orange-flower water 
Water 

Make an emulsion. 

Employed as a demulcent 



No. 14 

one ounce 

half an ounce 

sixteen grains 

twenty drops 

two drachms 

four ounces 

Soubeiran. 

cough mixture. 



Emollient Clyster. 
R . Oil of almonds 

Brown sugar, each, one ounce 

Barley water half a pint 

Mix. Saunders. 

Barley water a sufficient quantity 

Strain. To be used as an anodyne de- 
mulcent, in doses of a small tumblerful, 
adding to each two drachms of white 
sugar. Pierquin. 

Bitter Almond Water. 
R. Almond cake one part 

Boiling water six parts 

Mix well, and let stand for twelve hours, 
then distil one part with a moderate heat. 
Guibourt. 
Used as a flavoring ingredient, but with cau- 
tion, as it contains hydrocyanic acid. 

Diuretic Water. 
R. Bitter almonds four ounces 

Dried elder flowers six ounces 

Peach kernels four ounces 

Cherry kernels two ounces 

Wine eight pints 

Digest for two days and distil off one half. 
Palat. Ph. 
Said to act as a diuretic in doses of half an 
ounce, but requires to be used with much cau- 
tion. 

Oil of Bitter Almonds. 
R . Bitter almonds twenty pounds 

Water a sufficient quantity 

Pound the almonds, express the oil, let 
the cake macerate in water for twenty- 
four hours, distil as long as the product is 



AMYLUM. 



101 



odorous, separate the oil, redistil the water, 
and again separate the oil. Cottereau. 

Very poisonous, especially when fresh ; prin- 
cipally employed as a flavoring ingredient, but 
should always be used with great caution. 

Lockstadt's Pills. 

R. Sulphate of quinine three grains 

Aromatic powder ten grains 

Oil of bitter almonds one drop 

Extract of gentian sufficient 

Make ten pills. The whole to be taken 

at a dose, before an expected paroxysm of 

intermittent fever. Phoebus. 

White Lincttjs. 

R. Blanched almonds No. 12 

White sugar six drachms 

Gum tragacanth twelve grains 

Orange-flower water one drachm 

Water four ounces 

Make an emulsion Guibourt. 

Used as a demulcent, in catarrhs and bowel 

complaints. 

R. Blanched almonds four drachms 

White sugar six drachms 

Oil of almonds three drachms 

Orange-flower water two drachms 

G-um tragacanth sixteen grains 

Water four ounces 

Make an emulsion Giordano. 

Mixtures of Oil of Almonds. 
R. Oil of almonds 
Simple syrup 
Water 



R. Oil of almonds 

Gum Arabic 

White sugar, each, 

Water 
Make an emulsion 
R. Oil of almonds 

Gum Arabic 

Orange-flower water, 
each, 

Syrup of mallows 

Water 
Make an emulsion. 
R. Oil of almonds 

Yolk of egg 

Syrup of mallows 

Orange-flower water 

Water 
Make an emulsion. 
R. Oil of almonds 

Syrup of orgeat, each, 

Gum Arabic 

Bitter almond water 



equal parts 
Ratier. 
one ounce 



half an ounce 

eight ounces 

Foy. 



half an ounce 

one ounce 

three ounces 

Paris Ph. 

one ounce 

No. 1 

one ounce 

two drachms 

two ounces 

Guibourt. 

seven drachms 

two drachms 

half an ounce 



Make an emulsion. Dose, a teaspoonful. 
Radius. 
R. Oil of sweet almonds 

Syrup of tolu, each, one fl. ounce 

Distilled water six fi. ounces 

Solution subcarbonate 

potassa sufficient 

Make emulsion. A tablespoonful two or 
three times a-day in catarrh. Ainslie. 

Cosmetic Liniment. 
R. Oil of almonds one ounce 

Balsam of Mecca one drachm 

Sub. carb. of potassa half a drachm 
Rose water four fl. ounces 

Rub the balsam with the oil, add the po- 
tassa, triturate for ten minutes, and gradu- 
ally introduce the rose water. 

Macassar Oil. 
R. Oil of almonds 

Alkanet root 
to color 

Oil of cinnamon sufficient 

to scent Steph. and Church. 

Fixature. 

R. Oil of almonds one ounce 

White wax one drachm 

Tincture of mastic three drachms 

Oil of bergamot one drachm 

Melt the oil and wax together by a moderate 

heat, then add the tincture of mastic and 

oil of bergamot, and strain. 

To fix and retain the hair in form. 

Redwood. 



at will 
sufficient 



AMYLUM. 

Starch. 



Mucilage of Starch. 
R. Starch three drachms 

Water one pint 

Triturate the starch with the water gradu- 
ally added, then boil for a few minutes. 

Edin. Ph. 

Mainly employed as a demulcent injection in 

irritation of the rectum, &c, and forms a good 

vehicle for laudanum and other active remedies 

when given in enemata. 



Compound Powder of Starch. 



ft, 



Liquorice root 
Starch 
Gum Arabic 

tragacanth 
Quince seeds 
Poppy seeds, each, 
Blanched almonds 
Sugar candy 
Triturate well. 



two ounces 

four ounces 

twelve ounces 

Van lions. 



102 



AMYLI IODIDUM— ANGELICA. 



Has been advised in spitting of blood, catarrh, 
and diarrhoea, in doses of half a drachm to a 
drachm. 

Starch Lozenges. 
R. Starch 

Orris root, each, half an ounce 

Extract of liquorice one ounce 

Saffron half an ounce 

White sugar one pound 

Mix, and form into lozenges. Pideret. 
R. Starch one ounce 

Gum Arabic two ounces 

White sugar one pound 

Benzoic acid half a drachm 

Rose water sufficient 

to form a paste. To be divided into lo- 
zenges. Swediaur. 
These lozenges are somewhat stimulating, and 
are best suited to chronic catarrhs. 

Starch Jelly. 

R. Starch six ounces 

Water six pounds 

Boil till reduced to three pounds, and add 

Wine four ounces 

Lemon juice one ounce 

Simple syrup two ounces 

Mix well, and permit to cool. Swediaur. 

A nourishing diet for convalescents. 

Mixture op Starch and Suet. 
R. Cow's milk six pounds 

Mutton suet two ounces 

Boil by a gentle heat; constantly stirring, 
and add 

Starch a spoonful 

Boil a short time, and add 

White sugar a sufficiency 

Recommended in wineglassfuls in dysen- 
tery. Pringle. 

AMYLI IODIDUM. 

Iodide of Starch. 
R. Iodine twenty-four grains 

Triturate with a little water, and add gradu- 
ally 

Powdered starch one ounce 

Continue the trituration till the mixture 
assumes a deep and uniform color. 

Buchanan. 
Dose, from half a drachm, to be gradually in- 
creased to four drachms. Given in cases requir- 
ing the use of iodine. 



ANEMONE. 

Anemone. 



A genus of perennial herbs with radical leaves. 
They are all acrid and stimulating. The spe- 



cies most generally employed, are the A. pra- 
tensis and A. pulsatilla, both natives of Europe, 
but it is probable that the A. patens of this coun- 
try has the same properties. 

The A. pratensis was at one time in much re- 
pute in amaurosis and chronic diseases of the 
skin. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. polygyn. Nat. Syst. Ranun- 
culacea?. 

Lindley, Med. Flor. 2. Griffith, Med. Bot. 80. 

Extract of Anemone. 
R . Fresh anemone a sufficient quantity 
Pound in a mortar with a little water, ex- 
press the juice, and evaporate in a water- 
bath. Beral. 
The dose is from one grain to four, gradually 
increasing. It has been advised in doses of half 
a grain to a grain, in combination with sugar of 
milk, in hooping cough. 

Anemone Pills. 
R . Powder of anemone one drachm 

Extract of anemone sufficient 

Make sixty pills. Dose, one to five, three 
times a-day, gradually increasing. 
Said to have proved useful in amaurosis. 
COLLYRIUM OF ANEMONE. 

R. Anemone three drachms 

Water sufficient 

to make six ounces of infusion, add, 

Corrosive sublimate one grain 

To be dropped in the eye, in opacity of the 

cornea and incipient cataract. Radius. 

Water of Anemone. 

R. Fresh anemone four parts 

Water sufficient 

to prevent empyreuma. Distil six parts. 

Van Mors. 

This is the best preparation, as it contains the 
active principle. It is somewhat caustic, and has 
been recommended to remove freckles on the 
skin. 



ANGELICA. 
Angelica. 

The only species of this genus, that is officinal 
in our Pharmacopoeia, is A. atro-purpurea. This 
possesses much the same properties as the Gar- 
den Angelica, and is popularly used in flatulent 
colic and cardialgia. In Europe, the A. offici- 
nalis is generally used; and, as both species ap- 
pear to possess the same properties, they may 
be indifferently employed. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Apia- 
cea?. 

Torrey and Gray, Flor. 1, 64. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 322. 

Compound Tincture of Angelica. 
R. Aniseed 

Angelica seeds, each, half a pound 
Proof spirit one gallon 



ANGUSTURA— ANISUM. 



103 



"Water sufficient to prevent empyreurna. 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, and distil 
a gallon. 

A stimulant, used as a stomachic and 
carminative. Dose, half a drachm to four 
drachms. Dublin Ph. 

Tincture of Angelica. 

B. Angelica root one part 

Alcohol eight parts 

Water sixteen parts 

Distil six parts. Van Mons. 

Employed as a carminative and alexipharmic, 

in doses of one or two fl. drachms. 

Water of Angelica. 
B . Angelica root one part 

Water six parts 

Distil three parts Cotter eau. 

Errhine Mixture. 
B . Water of angelica 

orange flowers 

roses equal parts 

Mix. Pierquin. 

This has been recommended to destroy the 
fetid smell in ozcena. 

Conserve of Angelica. 
B . Fresh root of Angelica one part 

Water eight parts 

Macerate for a few days, boil, clarify the 
decoction, and add 

Sugar one part and a-half 

cook the root in the syrup, and preserve in 
this state, or dry. Giordano. 

Essence of Angelica. 
B- Angelica root one part 

Diluted alcohol eight parts 

Water sixteen parts 

Distil off six parts. Stomachic and car- 
minative. Van Mons. 



ANGUSTURA. 

Angustura Bark. 

This is recognized by the U. S. Pharmacopoeia 
as the product Galipea officinalis, but is also ob- 
tained from one or more other species, all natives 
of South America. It is compact, in flat or rolled, 
but seldom quilled pieces, of a light gray color 
externally, and of a yellowish-fawn within. It 
is very fragile, with a resinous fracture. The 
odor is faint but disagreeable; the taste is bitter 
and somewhat aromatic, leaving a sensation of 
pungency. Its powder is pale yellow. 

Sex.Syst. Heptand. monog. Nat.Syst. Rutaceae, 

Hancock, Trans. Med. Soe. 1S49. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 192. 

It is a stimulating tonic, in large doses, acting 
on the stomach and bowels. It is more used in 
chronic diarrhoea, and a debilitated condition of 
the stomach and bowels, than as a febrifuge. 



Infusion of Angustura. 
B . Bruised angustura bark half an ounce 
Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for two hours in covered vessel, 
and strain. U. S. Pharm. 

The dose is two fl. ounces, every two to four 
hours. 

Tincture of Angustura. 
B- Powdered angustura bark two ounces 
Proof spirit two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, then filter. 

Dub. Pliarm. 
This contains the active principles of the bark, 
and may be given in the dose of one or two fl. 
drachms. 

Electuary of Angustura. 

B- Powdered angustura half an ounce 

canella half a drachm 

Honey a sufficient quantity 

Make an electuary. Foy. 

This has been employed with benefit in chronic 
diarrhasa and dysentery, in doses of about a 
drachm. 

Mixture of Angustura. 

B- Infusion of angustura six fl. ounces 
Cinnamon water half fl. ounce 

Laudanum twenty drops 

Mix. Three spoonfuls a-day. Radius. 



ANISUM. 
Anise. 

This, the fruit of Pimpinella anisum, a peren- 
nial plant, cultivated largely in some parts of 
Europe, and often met with in gardens in this 
country. The seeds are of a grayish-green 
color, of an ovate, compressed form, with five 
pale, narrow ridges. They are aromatic, and 
have a pleasant, sweetish taste. 

Sex.Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat.Syst. ApiaceaD. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 379. Griffith, Med. Bot. 319. 

Anise is an aromatic stimulant, and is used in 
various forms, in colic and dyspepsia, and to 
prevent the griping of some purgatives. The 
oil is officinal, but is much superseded by that of 
Illicium anisatum, which is almost identical. 

Spirit of Aniseed. 

B. Anise, bruised, ten ounces 

Proof spirit one gallon 

Water two pints 

Mix, and distil a gallon by a gentle fire. 

Lond. Pliarm. 

Anise Lozenges. 

R. White sugar 

Anise water, each, two ounces 

Evaporate to the consistence of honey, and 

add a mixture of 

White sugar four ounces 

Oil of anise half a drachm 



104 



ANTHEMIS— ANTIMONIUM. 



Pour on a cold marble slab. Cottcreau. 
Used as a carminative and anti-dyspeptic. 

Mixture or Aniseed. 
R. Powdered anise 
fennel 
Extract of liquorice, each, one ounce 
Syrup of mallows twelve ounces 

Mix. Hanover Pharm. 

Said to be an excellent carminative, especially 
for children, in doses of about a teaspoonful. 

Tincture op Aniseed. 

R . Spirit of anise sixteen ounces 

Elixir proprietatis one ounce 

Aromatic confection balf an ounce 

Pink flowers one drachm 

Filter, after sufficient maceration. 

Wirtemburg Pharm. 

Stomachic, carminative, and pectoral. Dose, 
one to two drachms. 

Oil op Anise Mixture. 

R. Oil of anise twelve minims 

Sugar one drachm 

Tincture of ginger two fl. drachms 

Peppermint water six fl. ounces 

Mix. Dose, two or three spoonfuls, as a 

carminative. Ainslie. 



ANTHEMIS. 



Chamomile. 

Several species of Anthemis are employed in 
medicine, but the most important and the only 
one recognized in the U. S. Pharm., is A. no- 
bilis. This is an herbaceous perennial, native 
of Europe, where it is also extensively culti- 
vated, and is also to be found in gardens in this 
country. The part used is the flowers; these, as 
found in the shops, are large, roundish, of a yel 
lowish white color, a peculiar somewhat bal- 
samic odor, and a warm, bitter, aromatic taste. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Aste- 
racae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1260. Griffith, Med. Bot. 401. 

Chamomile is an aromatic bitter tonic, in 
small doses, but emetic in large ones; the usual 
mode of administration is in infusion. 

Infusion op Chamomile. 
R. Chamomile half an ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for ten minutes in a covered 
vessel, and strain. U. S. Pharm. 

When cold, it is tonic in doses of one or two 
fl. ounces, several times a day. As an aid to the 
operation of emetics, it should be given in a tepid 
state, and largely. 

Compound Decoction of Chamomile. 

R. Chamomile half an ounce 

Fennel seeds two drachms 

Water one pint 



Boil for a short time, and strain. 

Dublin Pharm. 

Extract of Chamomile. 
R. Chamomile one pound 

Water one gallon 

Boil down to four pints, filter whilst hot, 
and evaporate on a water-bath to proper 
consistence. Edin. Pharm. 

A mild, bitter tonic, in doses often to twenty 
grains. 

Mixture of Chamomile. 

R. Infusion of chamomile four ounces 

Syrup of orange flowers one ounce 

Ethereal tincture of valerian one 

drachm 

Mix. Foy. 

This has proved useful in hysteria, and other 

nervous disorders, especially where the stomach 

is disordered. Dose, a dessertspoonful. 

R. Extract of chamomile 

Grum Arabic, each, two drachms 

Chamomile water five ounces 

Tamarind pulp 

Syrup of chamomile, each, one ounce 
Mix. Phozbus. 

Said to be useful in diarrhoea, in tablespoonful 
doses. 

Syrup of Chamomile. 

R. Water of chamomile two pounds 

Syrup of mallows half a pound 

Extract of liquorice one ounce 

Cadet de Gassicourt. 

Has been recommended in chronic cough and 

affections of the lungs, in one or two ounces, to 

be taken during the day. 

R. Coarsely powdered chamomile one 

ounce 
Cold water twelve fl. ounces 

Coarsely powdered sugar twenty 

ounces 
Make an infusion by displacement, of the 
chamomile and water. Remove the resi- 
due, and place the sugar in its place; on 
this pour the infusion, till entirely dis- 
solved. Dose, a tablespoonful. 

E. Parrish. 

Compound Chamomile Pills. 

R. Assafetida one scruple and a-half 

Extract of chamomile one drachm 

Powdered rhubarb one scruple 

Make mass, and divide into thirty pills. 

Three, twice a-day in flatulent dyspepsia. 

Ainslie. 



ANTIMONIUM. 

Antimony. 

A metal of a silvery blue color, very brilliant, 



ANTIMONII CHLORIDUM— ANTIMONII SULPHURETUM. 



105 



of a lamellar texture, brittle and easily pulve- 
rized. Metallic Antimony or Regulus of Anti- 
mony, is not officinal in our Pharmacopasia, but 
is the basis of a great number of very important 
preparations. 



ANTIMONII CHLORIDUM. 

Chloride of Antimony. 
R. Sulphuret of antimony one part 

Muriatic acid five parts 

Dissolve by aid of a gentle heat, let stand, 
decant, evaporate, and then distil almost to 
dryness. Soubeiran. 

Used as a caustic, to destroy fungous flesh and 
to cauterize poisoned wounds. 

Nitro-Muriatic Oxide of Antimony. 
R . Prepared sulphuret of antimony 

twenty parts 
Muriatic acid one hundred parts 

Nitric acid one part 

Digest the sulphuret with the acids, mixed 
in a glass, avoiding the fumes, with a gra- 
dually increasing heat. Boil for an hour, 
and pour the liquor, when cooled and fil- 
tered, into a gallon of water. Wash the 
precipitate with plenty of water, till the 
latter no longer reddens litmus paper, 
then dry the oxide on bibulous paper. 

Dub. Ph. 
R. Liquid chloride of antimony at will 

Distilled water sufficient 

Agitate together, wash the precipitate that 
forms with cold water, and dry by a gen- 
tle heat. Van lions. 
This preparation, which is known as Powder 
of Algarolh, is of very uncertain action, and is 
not used, except in making tartar emetic. 

Ointment of Chloride of Antimony. 

R. Liquid chloride of antimony 

Corrosive sublimate, each, one drachm 
Powdered savin two drachms 

Lard six drachms 

Mix. To destroy venereal excrescences. 
Radius. 



ANTIMONII SULPHURETUM. 

SuLPnuRET of Antimony. 

The sulphuret or crude antimony is now seldom 
used as a medical agent, but is the basis of almost 
all the preparations of that metal. Some forms 
of exhibition are. however, still in favor, on the 
continent of Europe. 

Pills of Sulphuret of Antimony. 
R. Sulphuret of antimony one ounce 

Guaiacum two drachms 

Extract of fumitory a sufficient quantity 



Mix, and make pills of two grains each. 
Radius. 
Much employed in Germany, as an alterative 
in diseases of the skin. 

R. Sulphuret of antimony half a drachm 

Extract of opium five to eight grains 

guaiac two drachms 

Make fifty pills. Foy. 

Advised in gouty affections, nine pills being 
given three times a-day. 

Lozenges of Sulphuret of Antimony. 
R. White sugar one hundred and ninety- 
two parts 
Sulphuret of antimony eight parts 
Mucilage of gum Arabic one part 
Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains, 
each containing half a grain of the sul- 
phuret. Beral. 
Much employed in Europe, as an alterative in 
diseases of the skin, in rheumatism, gout, &c. 

Ointment of Sulphuret of Antimony. 
R. White wax four ounces 

Olive oil twelve ounces 

Melt together, and add 

Powdered charcoal two ounces 

Precipitated sulphur 

Sulphuret of antimony, each, one ounce 
Stir well until cold. Radius. 

Used as an application in tinea capitis. 

Precipitated Sulphuret of Anti- 
mony. 
R. Sulphuret of antimony six ounces 
Solution of potash four pints 

Distilled water 
Diluted sulphuric 

acid, each, a sufficient quantity 

Mix the sulphuret with the solution of po- 
tash and twelve pints of the water, boil by 
a gentle heat for three hours, frequently 
stirring, and adding more water, to keep up 
the original quantity. Strain, while hot; 
and gradually add the sulphuric acid as 
long as a precipitate is produced, wash well 
with hot water, dry, and powder. 

U. S. Ph. 

Kermes Mineral. 
R. Crystallized carbonate of 

soda 128 parts 

Water 1280 parts 

Sulphuret of antimony G parts 

Boil the antimony for an hour in the solu- 
tion of soda, filter the hot liquor into warm 
earthen pans, cool very slowly, wash the 
precipitate with cold water, dry at a mode- 
rate temperature, and keep in well-closed 
bottles. Paris Cod. 



106 



ANTIMONII SULPHURETUM. 



Kermesine Powder. 
R. Kermes mineral two grains 

Sugar of milk 

Gum Arabic, each, one drachm 

Divide into six powders. Radius. 

Given as a diaphoretic and expectorant, in the 
dose of one every four hours. 

Compound Kermesine Powder. 
R. Kermes mineral half a drachm 

Ipecacuanha one grain 

Prepared chalk 

Gum Arabic, each, twelve grains 

Mis, and divide into three powders; one to 
be taken three times a-day, in spoonful of 
tea. JSt. Marie. 

This formula has been much praised in hoop- 
ing-cough; the proportions are intended for a 
child of about twelve years of age. 

Lozenges of Kermes Mineral. 

R. Kermes mineral 

Powdered squills, each, sixty grains 
Extract of opium one drachm 

Ipecacuanha two drachms 

White sugar three ounces 

Mucilage of tragacanth a sufficient 
quantity 

Mix, and make four hundred lozenges. 

Foy. 

These are expectorant and calming in catarrh. 
One is to be taken every two hours. 

R. Kermes mineral one drachm 

Powdered gum Arabic eight ounces 

Extract of opium twelve grains 

liquorice two ounces 

Sugar thirty-two ounces 

Oil of aniseed six drops 

Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient 

Mix, and form ten grain lozenges. Known 

as Tronchin's lozenges. Used in catarrh. 

Van Mons. 

R. Benzoic acid two drachms 

Sugar thirty-two ounces 

Powdered orris root four drachms 

gum Arabic two ounces 

starch four ounces 

Water four ft. ounces 

Mix, and make fifteen grain lozenges. 

Vandamme. 

Emulsion with Kermes Mineral. 

R. Kermes mineral ten grains 

Oxymel of squills one ounce 

Emulsion gum Arabic four ounces 

Mix. A spoonful occasionally. Radius. 

Mixture with Kermes Mineral. 
R. Kermes mineral two grains 

Gum Arabic one drachm 



Syrup four fi. ounces 

of grapes one fl. ounce 

Mix. A spoonful occasionally in catarrh, 

when expectoration is difficult. Pierquin. 

Golden Sulphuret op Antimony. 
R . Mother water of kermes mineral 
add gradually 

Acetic acid 
till a precipitate is no longer formed, wash 
this well in cold water, and dry by a gentle 
heat. Paris Cod. 

Powder of Golden Sulphuret of 
Antimony. 
R. Golden sulph. of antimony 

Camphor, each, a grain and a-half to 
two grains 
Nitrate of potassa a half to one drachm 
Gum Arabic 

White sugar, each, one drachm 

Triturate well, and divide into six pow- 
ders. Radius. 
The dose is one, every two hours, in peri- 
pneumonia, after a reduction of the primary 
symptoms. 

R . Golden sulph. of anti- 
mony eight grains 
Opium two grains 
Powdered Peruvian bark 

Chamomile, each, four scru- 
ples 
Mix, and divide into eight powders ; to be 
taken during the apyrexia. Radius. 

Mixture of Sulphuret of Antimony. 

R. Golden sulph. of antimony six grains 
Extract of lettuce one scruple 

Syrup of senega two ounces 

Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours. 

Phabus. 

Sulphuret of Antimony and Lime. 
R. Golden sulph. of antimony one part 
Quicklime three parts 

Triturate together, and add 

Boiling water twenty-four parts 

Dry with a gentle heat, constantly stirring, 
and keep in a well-closed bottle. 

Batav. Ph. 
Emetic and resolvent. Much praised in gout, 
rheumatism, scrofula, &c. Dose, one to six 
grains. 

Pills of Sulphuret of Antimony 
and Lime. 
R . Sulphuret of antimony 

and lime half a drachm 

Mucilage of tragacanth one drachm 

Mix, and make sixty pills; five, thrice 

a-day. Augustin. 



ANTIMONII SULPHAS-ANTIMONII ET PQTASS^ TARTRAS. 107 



Plaster of Stjlphuret op Antimony 

and Lime. 
R. Yellow wax one drachm and a-half 
Melt, and mix. 

Pitch one ounce 

and incorporate in the cooling mixture 
Sulphuret of antimony and 

lime five scruples 

As a plaster in sciatica, chronic head- 
ache, &c. It sometimes occasions pustules. 
Radius. 



ANTIMONII SULPHAS. 

Sulphate op Antimony. 
R. Antimony two parts 

Sulphuric acid three parts 

Heat in an earthen vessel, stirring from 
time to time, leave the mixture on the fire 
till it has assumed a grayish-white color, 
wash carefully, to remove the excess of 



acid, and dry the powder. 



Van lions. 



ANTIMONII ET POTASS^ 
TARTRAS. 

Tartar Emetic. 

Powder op Tartar Emetic. 
R. Tartar emetic one grain 

Sugar thirty grains 

Mix, and divide into ten powders, one 
every three or four hours, as a diaphoretic 
in fevers, after bleeding. A. T. Thomson. 

Compound Powder of Tartar Emetic. 

R . Tartar emetic half a drachm 

Sulphate of potassa one ounce 

Powdered liquorice one ounce and a- 

half 

Mix well. Two scruples contain one grain 

of tartar emetic. Beasley. 

R. Tartar emetic one grain 

Kermes mineral two grains 

Powdered orris root one scruple 

Gum Arabic 

Sugar, each, one drachm 
Mix, and divide into twenty-four powders, 
one every hour, as expectorant. Cadet. 

Powder of Tartar Emetic and 
Quinine. 
R. Tartar emetic three grains 

Sulphate of quinine ten grains 

Mix, and divide into six powders, one, 
every two hours, in apyrexia of obstinate 
intcrmittents. Both vomits and purges. 

G-ola. 



Powder op Tartar Emetic and Phos- 
phate of Lime. 
R. Tartar emetic one grain 

Phosphate of lime thirty-two grains 
Mix. To be divided into four powders; 
one to be taken in the evening, in chronic 
dysury, produced by checked perspiration. 
Swediaur. 

Powder of Tartar Emetic and Ipeca- 
cuanha. 
R. Tartar emetic two grains 

Ipecacuanha two scruples 

Starch half a drachm 

Mix, and divide into three powders; one 
every quarter of an hour, till vomiting is 
induced. Radius. 

Bolus of Tartar Emetic. 
R. Tartar emetic six grains 

Powdered Peruvian bark six drachms 
Extract of juniper sufficient 

Mix, and make sixty boluses. To be taken 
in twenty-four hours in quartan intermit- 
tent. Laennec. 

Pills of Tartar Emetic and Camphor. 
R. Tartar emetic two grains 

Powdered opium six grains 

Camphor thirty-six grains 
Alcohol three drops 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Powder the camphor with the alcohol, add 
the other powders, mix and incorporate 
with the conserve, and divide into eleven 
pills. One every fourth hour as a diapho- 
retic. Ellis. 

Pills op Tartar Emetic and Opium. 
R. Tartar emetic 

Opium, each, one grain and a-half 

Powdered tragacanth 

Conserve of roses, each, sufficient 

Mix, and make twenty-five pills. Two, 
night and morning, in chronic pulmonary 
catarrh. Parrish. 

R. Tartar emetic twelve grains 

Opium ten grains 

Crumb of bread 

Gum Arabic, each, sufficient 

Mix, and make pills of half a grain. Dose, 
one increased to three in chronic rheuma- 
tism. Broussais. 

Pills op Tartar Emetic and 
Guaiacum. 

R. Tartar emetic one grain 

Powdered guaiacum half a drachm 
Pill of aloes and myrrh half a drachm 
Molasses sufficient 

Mix, and make sixteen pills. Beasley. 



108 



R 



ANTIMONII ET POTASSiE TARTRAS. 

Mix. As a counter-irritant on the chest, 

in pulmonary complaints. Augustin. 

Ointment of Tartar Emetic. 

R. Tartar emetic one drachm 

Lard one ounce 

Mis. When applied to the skin occasions 

a pustular eruption. Hannay. 

R. Tartar emetic two drachms 

Sugar one drachm 

Cinnabar five grains 

Spermaceti ointment nine drachms 

Mix. Jenner. 



Solution of Tartar Emetic. 
Tartar emetic four grams 

Sugar one drachm 

Distilled water four fl. ounces 

Dissolve. A tablespoonful every ten or 
fifteen minutes till it operates. Ellis. 

Solution of Tartar Emetic and 
Squill. 
R. Tartar emetic two grains 

Osymel of squill half an ounce 

Water two fl. ounces and a-half 

Mix. One-half to be taken, and if it does 
not vomit in fifteen minutes, the remain- 
der. Augustin. 

Emulsion of Tartar Emetic 



R 



five grains 
half a drachm 



one ounce 
ten fl. ounces 



Tartar emetic 

Camphor 

Blanched almonds 

Syrup, each, 

Water 
Make an emulsion with the almonds and 
water, mix the camphor rubbed with a few 
drops of alcohol, add the tartar emetic; 
when dissolved, add the syrup; emetic and 
expectorant, according to the dose. 

Van Mons. 

Clyster of Tartar Emetic. 
R. Tartar emetic one to two scruples 

Tepid solution of gum Arabic one pint 
To overcome obstinate constipation. To 
be used with much caution. Chapman. 
R. Tartar emetic three to eight grains 
Infusion of arnica twelve fl. ounces 
Dissolve. In apoplexy and cerebral affec- 
tions. Fo V- 

Lotion of Tartar Emetic. 
R. Tartar emetic one scruple 

Water one pint 

Dissolve. In cutaneous affections. 

Pierquin. 

Lotion of Tartar Emetic and Cor- 
rosive Sublimate. 
R. Tartar emetic one drachm 

Corrosive sublimate five grains 

Compound spirit of 

lavender one fl. drachm 

Water one fl. ounce 

Mix. Wet the finger with the solution, 

and rub on part for five or ten minutes; 

it will cause a pustular eruption in a few 

hours. Hannay. 

Lotion of Tartar Emetic and 

Camphor. 

R. Tartar emetic one drachm 

Boiling water one pint 

Tincture of camphor 



Compound Tartar Emetic Ointment. 

R. Tartar emetic half a drachm 

Sal ammoniac one drachm 

Camphor twenty-five grains 

Musk ten grains 

Lard one ounce 

Mix. As a counter-irritant, in chronic 
of the liver. Fabre. 



half: 



Plaster with Tartar Emetic. 

R. Tartar emetic one part 

Burgundy pitch seven parts 

Mix, and spread. Beral. 

Or, it may be made by sprinkling tartar 

emetic on a pitch, or adhesive plaster. 

Ellis. 

It takes some time for it to produce its effect, 
and the eruption that ensues is very irritating 
and painful. 

R. Resin plaster one ounce 

Resin four drachms 

Venice turpentine three drachms 

Melt together by a gentle heat, and when 

nearly cold, add 

Powdered tartar emetic one drachm 

To be applied to the nape of the neck in 

scarlatina in children, also in rheumatism. 
Niemann. 

Ammoniacal Liniment with Tartar 

Emetic. 
R. Ammoniacal liniment one fl. ounce 
Tartar emetic one drachm 

Mix. To indolent tumors, &c. Ellis. 

Antimonial Wine. 
R. Tartar emetic one scruple 

"Wine ten fl. ounces 

Dissolve. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, as emetic for children, from thirty drops 
to a fl. drachm, every fifteen minutes, till it ope- 
rates. 

Collyrium with Antimonial Wine. 
R. Antimonial wine half fl. ounce 

Rose water four fl. ounces 

Balsam of Fioraventi two drops 



PULVIS ANTIMONIALIS— A. CANNABINUM. 



109 



Mix. Eecommended in chronic ophthal- 
mia. Spielmann. 

Mixture of Antimonial Wine and 

Ammoniac. 

R. Gum ammoniac one fl. scruple 

Oxyrnel of squill half fl. ounce 

Antimonial wine one fl. drachm 

Syrup of liquorice one fl. ounce and 

a-half 

Mix. A spoonful every two hours, as 

expectorant. Phoebus. 

Mixture op Antimonial Wine and 

Laudanum. 

R. Antimonial wine three fl. drachms 

Laudanum one fl. drachm 

Mix. Fifteen drops, every half hour or 

hour in rheumatic diarrhoea. Monro. 

Mixture of Antimonial Wine and 
Bitter Sweet. 
R. Antimonial wine half fl. drachm 

Syrup of marsh mallow three fl. 

drachms 
Fennel water one fl. ounce and a-half 
Extract of bitter sweet fifteen grains 
Cremor Tartar forty-five grains 

Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, in hoop- 
ing cough in young children. Phoebus. 

Syrup of Antimonial Wine. 

R. Antimonial wine 
Sal ammoniac 

Gum ammoniac, each, two drachms 
Oxymel of squill one ounce 

Syrup of mallow half a pound 

Mix. In pectoral affections, to facilitate 

expectoration and to keep the bowels open. 

A spoonful every hour. Cadet. 



PULVIS ANTIMONIALIS. 

Antimonial Powder. 
R. Sulphuret of antimony, powdered, 

Horn shavings, equal parts 

Mix, and put them in a red-hot iron pot, 
and stir constantly till they acquire an 
ash-gray color, and no vapor arises. Pul- 
verize the product, put it in a crucible 
with a perforated cover, and expose this 
to a heat gradually increased to whiteness, 
which is to be kept up for two hours. 
When cold, reduce the product to a fine 
powder. Ed. Ph. 

Emetic and diaphoretic; in closes of three to 
eight grains, diaphoretic; in larger, emetic and 
purgative, but very uncertain in its operation. 

James' Powder. 
R. Tartar emetic one scruple 



Prepared burnt hartshorn 

Oxide of antimony, each, five scruples 
Mix, and divide into twenty-one grain 
powders. Said to be the formula by 
which the original powder was prepared 
by Dr. James. (Vid. Phil. Journ. 
Pharm., vi. 282) 

Pills of Antimonial Powder and 
Calomel. 
R. Antimonial powder ten grains 

Powdered opium 

Calomel, each, two grains 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and make four pills. Two to be 
taken at bed-time in acute rheumatism. 

Ellis. 



APOCYNUM. 

DOGSBANE. 



Two species of this genus are officinal in the 
U. S. Pharm. A. androsamifolium and A. carina- 
binum, possessed of much the same properties; 
these are emetic, cathartic, and sometimes diure- 
tic, the latter is rather the most powerful. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apocy- 



A. ANDROSiEMIFOLIUM. 

DOGSBANE. 

Bigelow, Med. Bot. ii. 148. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 449. 

A native of most parts of the U. S. Emetic 
and diaphoretic. Dose, 40 grains; where it is 
wished to act on the skin, combined with a grain 
of opium. 



A. CANNABINUM. 
Indian Hemp. 

Griscom, Am. Journ. Med. Sci. xii. 55. Grif- 
fith, Med. Bot. 450. 

Found in many parts of the United States. 
Emetic, in doses of fifteen to thirty grains. 

Decoction of Indian Hemp. 
R . Root of Indian hemp half an ounce 
Water a pint and a-half 

Boil to a pint. Griscom. 

This has been found useful in dropsy, in doses 
of one or two fl. ounces, two or three times a-day, 
acting as a hydragogue purgative. 

Extract of Indian Hemp. 
R . Powdered root of Indian 

hemp one pound 

Water one gallon 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down 
one quart, strain, and evaporate to a pro- 
per consistence. Dose, three to five grains. 



110 



ARALIA— ARGENTI IODIDUM. 



Acts like the decoction, but is not as effi- 
cient. 



ARALIA. 

Most of the species of this genus are medi- 
cinal, but two only are officinal. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. pentag. Nat. Syst. Ara- 
liacerc. 



A. NUDICAULIS. 

False Sarsaparilla. 

Torrey and Gray, Fl. i. G46. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 344. 

A mild stimulating diaphoretic, the root has 
been employed as a substitute for sarsaparilla ; 
best given in infusion. 



A. SPINOSA. 
Angelica Tree. 

Torrey and Gray, Fl. i. G47. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 345. 

The bark is a stimulating diaphoretic ; a de- 
coction has been found useful in rheumatic, 
syphilitic, and cutaneous affections; as has also 
a tincture. 



ARCTIUM. 

Burdock. 



One species of this genus is officinal in our 
Pharmacopoeia, the A. lappa. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. sequal. Nat. Syst. Asteraceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1143. Griffith, Med. Bot. 411. 
(Lappa.) 

This is a native of Europe, but generally na- 
turalized in the United States. The parts used 
are the root and seeds. They are diaphoretic 
and diuretic, especially the latter. 

Infusion of Burdock. 

R . Burdock root one ounce 

Boiling water two pints 

Infuse for six hours, and strain. Cottereau. 

Used as a diaphoretic, in rheumatic 

pains, &c. 

Decoction of Burdock. 
R. Burdock root two ounces 

Water three pints 

Boil down to two pints, and strain. Wood. 



ARGENTUM. 

Silver. 

A solid, white, brilliant, very ductile metal. 
It is wholly soluble in nitric acid. The only 
officinal preparation in our pharmacopoeia is the 
nitrate; but several others are employed in 
Europe. 



ARGENTI CHLORIDUM. 
Chloride of Silver. 
R. Solution of nitrate of silver at will 
Add gradually a solution of common salt, 
wash well the resulting precipitate, and 
dry by a gentle heat in the shade. 

Powder of Chloride of Silver. 

R. Chloride of silver one grain 

Powdered orris root two grains 

Triturate well, and divide into ten parts. 

Taddei. 

Used in syphilis, in friction on the tongue. 

Chloride of Silver and Ammonia. 
R. Liquid ammonia 

Saturate, by the aid of heat, with recently 
precipitated and well-washed chloride of 
silver. Filter whilst hot, and crystallize. 

Pills of Chloride of Silver and 
Ammonia. 
R. Chloride of silver and 

ammonia one grain 

Powdered orris root two grains 

Conserve of linden flowers sufficient 

Mis, and make fourteen pills. Serre. 



ARGENTI CYANIDUM. 

Cyanide of Silver. 
R . Nitrate of silver fifteen drachms 

Distilled water one pint 

Add to the solution 

Diluted hydrocyanic acid one pint 
Wash the precipitate well with distilled 
water, and dry by a gentle heat. 

U. S. Pharm. 

Used in syphilis, in doses of one-twelfth to 
one-tenth of a grain. 

Ointment of Cyanide of Silver. 
R . Cyanide of silver ten grains 

Lard one ounce 

Mix Serre. 

Employed as an application to ulcerations of 
the cornea, irritable ulcers, &c. 



ARGENTI IODIDUM. 

Iodide of Silver. 
R . Solution of nitrate of silver 
Add gradually a 

Solution of iodide of potassium 
Wash the precipitate, and dry by a gentle 
heat. Patterson. 



ARGENTI OXIDUM— ARGENTI NITRAS. 



Ill 



Ointment of Iodide of Silver. 
R. Iodide of silver ten grains 

Lard one ounce 

Mix. Serre. 

Used in the same cases as the ointment of 
the cyanide. 



ARGENTI OXIDUM. 

Oxide of Silver. 
R. Crystallized nitrate of silver one ounce 
Caustic potash seven ounces 

Water eighteen ounces 

Dissolve the nitrate in two or three ounces 
of the water, and the potash in the re- 
mainder, mix the solutions, stir and collect 
the precipitate, wash it carefully, and dry. 
Duhamel. 
Used as a substitute for the nitrate, in doses of 
about half a grain twice a-day, in diseases of the 
stomach, of undue secretion, &c. 

Ointment of Oxide of Silver. 
R . Oxide of silver twenty grains 

Lard one ounce 

Rub well together. Serre. 

Used as an application to irritable ulcers, &c. 



ARGENTI NITRAS. 

Nitrate of Silver. 
R. Silver, in small pieces, one ounce 

Nitric acid five fl. drachms 

Distilled water two fl. ounces 

Mis the acid with the water, and dissolve 
the silver in the mixture, on a sand-bath, 
then gradually increase the heat, so as to 
dry the salt. Melt this in a crucible, and 
continue the heat till ebullition ceases, then 
immediately cast into moulds. U. S. Ph. 

Used as a tonic and antispasmodic, in doses of 
a fourth of a grain, gradually increased. 

Solution of Nitrate of Silver. 
R. Nitrate of silver one drachm 

Distilled water one fl. ounce 

Dissolve, and strain. Keep in the dark. 
London Ph. 

Pills of Nitrate of Silver. 

R. Crystallized nitrate of silver one grain 

Crumb of bread one drachm 

Make sixteen pills. Guibourt. 

Each pill contains a sixteenth of a grain of the 

nitrate. 

R. Nitrate of silver ten grains 

Opium four grains 

Extract of gentian 

liquorice, each, a drachm 
and a-half 



Make pills of a grain each, these each con- 
tain a twentieth of the nitrate. Brera. 
R. Nitrate of silver two grains 

Crumb of bread sufficient 

Mix well, and divide into four pills. One 
to be taken every six hours. 

Advised in chronic epilepsy and other spas- 
modic disorders. To prevent the blue tinge of 
the skin, so often produced by a continued use 
of the salt of silver, eight drops of diluted nitric 
acid in a fl. ounce of water, should be taken after 
each pill. A. T. Thompson. 

Mackensie's Solution. 
R. Nitrate of silver one scruple 

Distilled water one ounce 

Dissolve. Mackenzie. 

Used to wash the throat and fauces, in affec- 
tions of those parts. 

Nitrate of Silver Collyrium. 

R. Nitrate of silver ten grains 

Laudanum half a drachm 

Distilled water one ounce 

Mix. Foy. 

Employed as a wash in purulent ophthalmia. 

Anti-Epileptic Mixture. 

R. Nitrate of silver twelve grains 

Laudanum twenty drops 

Mucilage of Gum Arabic one ounce 

Mix. Radius. 

Given in epilepsy, in doses of twenty drops, 

twice a-day. 

Hair Dye. 

R. Silver two drachms 

Steel filings half an ounce 

Nitric acid an ounce 

Rain water eight ounces 

Dissolve, and strain. To be applied by 

means of a close brush. Bateman. 



Indelible Ink. 



R. Carbonate of soda 



half an 



Distilled water four ounces 

Mix, and make mordant. 

R . Nitrate of silver five scruples 

Gum Arabic two drachms 

Sap green one scruple 

Distilled water one fl. ounce 

Mix, and make ink. 

Indelible Ink without Mordant. 
R . Nitrate of silver one ounce 

Crystallized carbonate of 

soda one ounce and a-half 

Tartaric acid eight scruples 

Strong solution of ammonia 

two fl. ounces 
Archil half fl. ounce 

AVhite sugar four drachms 

Powdered gum Arabic twelve drachms 



112 



ARMORACIA— ARNICA. 



Distilled water sufficient 

Dissolve the nitrate and carbonate in sepa- 
rate portions of the water, mix the solu- 
tions, collect and wash the precipitate on 
a filter, rub it whilst still moist in a por- 
celain mortar with the tartaric acid, till 
effervescence has ceased, add the ammonia 
to dissolve the tartrate of silver, then mix 
the archil, sugar, and gum, adding as 
much as will make six fl. ounces. 

Redwood. 

Ointment of Nitrate of Silver. 
R. Nitrate of silver two grains 

Lard two drachms 

Mix well. As an application in acute 
ophthalmia. Velpeau. 

R. Nitrate of silver four parts 

Lard thirty parts 

or, eight parts of the salt to same propor- 
tion of lard, or, twelve parts to thirty. 
Used as application to white-swelling. 

Jobert. 
R. Nitrate of silver one part 

Lard seven and a-half parts 

Mix, to smear bougies, in cure of gonor- 
rhoea. Macdoncdd. 

Compound Ointment of Nitrate of 

Silver. 
R. Nitrate of silver ten to twenty grains 
Zinc ointment half an ounce 

Balsam of Peru one drachm 

Triturate thoroughly together. To heal 
venereal ulcers, and to promote cicatriza- 
tion. Fricke. 
R. Nitrate of silver three grains 
Solution of subacetate of lead, five 
drops 
Lard one drachm 
Mix well. In chronic ophthalmia. 

Guthrie. 



ARMORACIA. 
Horseradish. 

This is a species of Cochlearia, the C. armo- 
racia. A native of many parts of Europe, and 
much cultivated both there and in this country, 
for the sake of its roots, so well known as a con- 
diment. The root is the part used in medicine. 
It has a pungent odor, and a warm, acrid taste. 

Sec. Syst. Tetrad, silic. Nat. Syst. Brassica- 
ceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 904. Griffith, Med. Bot. 131. 

As a remedial agent, it is an active stimulant, 
and when applied to the skin, acts as a rubefa- 
cient. 

Infusion of Horseradish. 
R. Fresh horseradish, sliced, 



Mustard seed, bruised, each, one ounce 
Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for two hours in a covered ves- 
sel, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
It is sometimes used in paralytic, scorbutic, 
and dropsical affections, attended with debility. 
The dose is two fl. ounces, three or four times 
a-day. 

Compound Spirit of Horseradish. 
R. Sliced horseradish 

Dried orange peel, each, twenty ounces 
Bruised nutmeg five drachms 

Proof spirit one gallon 

Water two pints 

Mix, and distil a gallon by a gentle heat. 
London Ph. 
Employed as a diuretic, in dropsy with de- 
bility. Dose, one to four fl. drachms. 

Mixture of Horseradish. 

R. Infusion of horseradish four ounces 
Syrup of cinchona one ounce 

Extract of fumitory one drachm 

Mix. Foy. 

In spoonful doses, as an antiscorbutic. 

Compound Horseradish Cataplasm. 

R. Bruised horseradish six drachms 

Mustard seed one ounce 

Flaxseed meal two ounces and a-half 

Vinegar sufficient 

Mix, and make cataplasm, to be applied 

to the feet as revulsive in diseases of head. 

Ainslie. 

Compound Infusion of Horseradish. 

R. Horseradish one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for an hour in a close vessel ; on 

cooling, add 

Simple syrup one ounce and a-half. 
A wineglassful, several times a-day, in dropsy, 
especially when arising from a granular affec- 
tion of the kidneys. 



ARNICA. 

Wolfsbane. 

Several species of this genus are medicinal, 
but one only is officinal, A. montana, a native of 
Europe; but it is likely that the A. nudicaule of 
this country is possessed of the same powers. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Asteraceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1245. Griffith, Med. Bot. 407. 

Arnica is a stimulant, acting with much energy 
on the cerebro spinal system, and is also an active 
irritant on the stomach and bowels. In Ger- 
many, where it is much employed, it is given to 
fulfil a variety of indications. 

Compound Powder of Arnica. 
R. Powdered arnica root 
serpentaria 



ARSENICUM— ARSENICI IODIDUM. 



sugar, each, two drachms 
Oil of peppermint ten drops 

Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. 

Augustin. 
Dose, a powder, every two hours, in the diar- 
rhoea complicating typhoid fevers. 

Extract or Arnica. 
R . Flowers of Arnica one part 

Water eight parts 

Alcohol one part 

Mix, and macerate for three days at a 
gentle heat, express, distil off the alcohol, 
and evaporate the residue to a proper con- 
sistence. Wurtzburg Ph. 
Dose, ten grains to a scruple, in chronic rheu- 
matism and paralysis. 

Infusion of Arnica. 
R . Flowers of arnica one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for half an hour, and strain. 

Cottereau. 
Used in the same cases as the last. 

Compound Infusion of Arnica. 

R . Flowers of arnica one drachm 

chamomile half an ounce 

Peppermint two drachms 

Boiling water nine ounces 

Mix, macerate, and strain. Copenh. Ph. 

Dose, one ounce. 

Fomentation of Arnica. 
R . Flowers of arnica half an ounce 

Boiling vinegar sufficient 

To obtain six ounces, add 

Carbonate of ammonia two drachms 
Radius. 
Used as a warm fomentation in oedema of the 
>crotum. 

Decoction of Arnica. 
K . Flowers of arnica one ounce 

Water three pints 

Boil till reduced to two pints, strain, and 
add 

Syrup of ginger two ounces 

Swediaur. 
Dose, one to two ounces, every two hours, in 
aphonia, paralysis, rheumatism, &c. 

Fomentation of Arnica and Eue. 

R . Flowers of arnica two ounces 

Rue one ounce 

Boiling water sufficient 

To obtain twelve ounces when strained, 

after one hour of maceration. Radius. 

Used as a fomentation in contusions. 

Tincture of Arnica. 
R . Flowers of arnica one part 



Alcohol 
Digest, express, and filter 

Dose, thirty drops, several times a-day 



113 

sixteen parts 
Beral. 



ARSENICUM. 

Arsenic. 

Metallic arsenic is not employed in medicine, 
but several of its combinations are of much im- 
portance. 



ARSENICI IODIDUM. 

Iodide of Arsenic. 
R. Arsenious acid sixteen parts 

Iodine one hundred parts 

Heat in a glass alembic, and preserve the 
sublimation. Magendie. 

R. Arsenious acid three parts 

Iodine ten parts 

Digest in 

Water one hundred and nine parts 
until no odor of iodine is perceptible ; de- 
cant, and evaporate to dryness, and sublime 
in a close vessel. Plisson. 

Dose, one-tenth of a grain, gradually increased 
to a quarter, three times a-day. Given in can- 
cer, and obstinate cutaneous affections. 

Sesquiodide of Arsenic. 
R . Finely powdered metallic arsenic 

one part 
Iodine five parts 

Triturate together, and introduce into a 
small flask or retort; place this on a sand- 
bath, and apply gentle heat till liquefaction 
is produced. The vessel should be nearly 
full, to prevent the formation of much 
iodine vapor, and to enable the operator 
to bring the fixed mass in contact with 
every part of it, so as to include any 
iodine that may have been sublimed. If 
no iodine odor is perceptible, and the con- 
tents assume a reddish yellow color, and 
crystallize on the sides of the vessel, the 
operation is complete. W. Procter. 

Iodide of Arsenic Pills. 
R. Iodide of arsenic one grain 

Extract of conium twenty grain." 

Mix, and make ten pills. Thompson. 

Used in lepra, and obstinate eruptions. 

Iodide of Arsenic Ointment. 
R. Iodide of arsenic three grains 

Lard one ounce 

Triturate well. Biett. 

Employed in cases of lepra, and other cutane- 
ous affections, but requires much caution. 



114 



ARSENICI SULPHURETUM— A. ABROTANUM. 



LIQUOR ARSENICI ET HYD- 
RARGYRI IODIDI. 

Solution of Iodide of Arsenic and 
Mercury. 

Donovan's Solution. 
R. Levigated metallic arsenic six grains, 

•08 
Mercury fourteen grains -82 

Iodine forty-nine grains 

Alcohol one fl. drachm 

Rub together till dry, and has assumed a 
pale red color. Add eight fl. ounces dis- 
tilled water, triturate for a short time, pour 
into a flask, and add half a drachm of hy- 
driodic acid, made with two grains of iodine, 
and boil for a few moments. When cold, 
add sufficient distilled water to make up 
eight fl. ounces; filter. Donovan. 

R . Sesquiodide of arsenic thirty-six grains 
Biniodide of mercury thirty-four grains 
Distilled water half a pint 

Triturate the two iodides with half an 
ounce of the water, until they combine 
and dissolve, then add the rest of the water, 
and filter. W. Procter. 

Each fl. drachm contains one-eighth of a 
grain of arsenic and one-fourth of a grain 
of protoxide of mercury. This preparation 
is said to be useful in obstinate cutaneous 
diseases, as lepra, lupus, &c. The dose 
is from fifteen minims to half a fl. drachm 
two or three times a-day. Dunglison, N. R. 

Draught of Solution of Iodide of 

Mercury and Arsenic. 

R. Solution iodide mercury and arsenic 

two drachms 

Distilled water three fl. ounces and a- 

half 

Syrup of ginger half fl. ounce 

Mix, and divide into four draughts. One 

to be taken night and morning ; not to be 

given in a metallic spoon. Donovan. 



Quicklime 
Jasmine powder 
Powder of palm soap 
Mix well. 



twelve ounces 

ten ounces 

four ounces 

Mbrfit. 



This, when applied, is mixed with a little 
water. 

Both these, although efficient for the purposes 
designed, are dangerous, and should never be 
used,- except with extreme caution. 

Lotion of Orpiment. 
R. Orpiment two drachms 

Verdigris 
Aloes 

Myrrh, each, half a drachm 

Rose water three ounces 

White wine six ounces 

Mix. Van Mons. 

Used as an application to fungous ulcers. 

Gargle of Orpiment. 

R. Lanfranc's lotion half an ounce 

Barley water six ounces 

Honey of roses one ounce 

Mix. Giordano. 

As a gargle, in venereal sore throat. 



ARSENICI SULPHURETUM. 

Orpiment. 
R. Orpiment one ounce 

Quicklime one pound 

Starch ten ounces 

Water sufficient 

to form a soft paste. Foy. 

This is spread on the part where it is desired 
to remove the hair, and washed off when it be- 
gins to dry. It is the rusma of the Turks. 

Powder of Orpiment. 
R. Orpiment one ounce 



ARTEMISIA, 



A genus of bitter herbs, several of which are 
used as medicinal agents to fulfil various indi- 
cations ; such as tonics, ( V. absinthium,) some 
as moxas, {A. wioara,) and some as anthelmin- 
tics. 

Sex. Syst. Syn. pol. super. Nat. Syst. Aste- 



1. A. ABROTANUM. 

Southernwood. 

A native of the south of Europe and the 
Levant, and generally cultivated in gardens. 
Its odor is aromatic and peculiar, and its taste 
bitter. It is used as a tonic, antispasmodic, and 
vermifuge. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1185. Griffith, Med. Bot. 406. 

Infusion of Southernwood. 

R . Southernwood six drachms 

Boiling water one pint 

Digest for two hours, and strain. Given 

in hysteria and in dismenorrhoea. Taddei. 

Clyster of Southernwood. 
R. Southernwood half an ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Digest for half an hour, and, to six or eight 
fl. ounces of strained infusion, add 

Olive oil one ounce 

Said to be effectual in cases of worms, and 
especially ascarides. Radius. 



A. SANTONICA— A. TUBEROSA. 



115 



2. A. SANTONICA. 
Semen Contra. 

Under this name are included several species, 
as the A. santonica, contra, judaica, &c. They 
are principally from Barbary and the Levant. 
The parts used are the flowers, buds, peduncles, 
&c. Semen contra is much employed in Europe 
as an anthelmintic, but is seldom used in this 
country. The dose in powder is from ten to 
thirty grains. 

Powder oe Semen Contra. 

R. Semen contra 

Extract of tansy, each, six grains 

Oxide of iron four grains 

Oil of valerian one drop. 

Mix. Augustin. 

Electuary of Semen Contra. 
R. Semen contra ten grains 

Sulphate of iron four grains 

Jalap 

Honey, each, one scruple 

Mix. Rosenstein. 

Anthelmintic Mixture or Semen 

Contra. 

R . Infusion of semen contra four ounces 

Syrup of senna one ounce 

Mix. Foy. 



AKUM. 

Indian Turnip. 

Several species of Arum are used in medi- 
cine, but the only one officinal in the U. S. 
Pharm., is A. triphyUitm; a native plant, with a 
large, perennial cormus; this is white, fleshy, 
and extremely acrid in a fresh state, but becomes 
edible and bland when dried, and kept for any 
time; and the fecula obtained from it resembles 
arrowroot, in appearance and uses. 

Sex. Syst. Mon. polyand. Nat. Syst. Araceas. 

Bigelow, Am. Med. Bot. 1, 52. 

The powder of the dried root may be given 
in doses of ten grains, in an emulsion of gum 
Arabic, sugar, and water, several times a-day. 
It has been found useful in chronic catarrh, 
chronic bronchitis, rheumatism, &c. 



ASARUM. 

There are two plants recognized by this name, 
one by the London College, and the other by the 
U. S. Pharm. 

Sex. Syst. Dodecand. monog. Nat. Syst Aris- 
tolochiaceae. 



1. ASARUM EUROPIUM. 

ASARABACCA. 
A native of Europe, of which the leaves and 
root are used. The first have a feeble aromatic 
odor, when rubbed, and a somewhat spicy taste; 



the latter has a strong, penetrating odor, and an 
acrid, bitter, and nauseous taste ; this is some- 
times used abroad, as a stimulant emetic, and 
anthelmintic ; the leaves, as the basis of various 
errhine powders. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 633. Griffith, Med. Bot. 527. 

Compound Powder of Asarabacca. 
R. Dried leaves of asarabacca one ounce 
Lavender flowers one drachm 

Rub together to a fine powder. 

Dublin Ph. 

Has been found useful as an errhine, in some 

cases of headache, toothache, &c. Five or six 

grains are to be snuffed up the nostrils at night. 



2. ASARUM CANADENSE. 

Wild Ginger. 

Bigelow, Med. Bot. 1, 150. Barton, Veg. Mat. 
Med., p. 85. 

This species is common to most parts of the 
TJ. S. The leaves are said by Dr. Barton and 
Bigelow, not to be emetic, but other authorities 
state that a teaspoonful of this powder never 
fails to act on the stomach. Like those of the 
asarabacca, they are eminently errhine. The root 
is an aromatic stimulant, with active diaphoretic 
properties, and may be used as a substitute for 
serpentaria. 

Infusion of "Wild Ginger. 
R . Root of wild ginger half an ounce 
Boiling water one pint 

Digest for an hour in a covered vessel, and 
strain. In all cases where Virginia snake- 
root is indicated. Dose, one to two fl. 
ounces. 



ASCLEPIAS. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Ascle- 
piadacese. 

Many species of this large genus are em- 
ployed in medicine, and it is probable that the 
whole of them are endowed with active pro- 
perties. 



1. A. TUBEROSA. 
Pleurisy Root. 

A native of most parts of the United States. 
The root is large, and irregularly tuberous ; the 
taste of it is bitter, nauseous, and semewhat 
acrid. It is an active diaphoretic, and, in large 
doses, purgative. It has attained much popular 
reputation in the treatment of diseases of the 
respiratory organs, and more especially of pleu- 
risy. The dose of the powder is from a scruple 
to a drachm, several times a-day, but is better in 
infusion or decoction. 

Infusion of Pleurisy Root. 
R . Bruised Pleurisy Root one ounce 

Boiling water two pints 



116 



A. INCARNATA— ASSAFCETIDA. 



Digest for two hours. Dose, three or four 
fl. ounces, warm, to be given every two or 
three hours, until it operates. 



2. A. INCARNATA. 
Swamp Silk Weed. 

A native of many parts of the U. S., usually 
growing in wet places. The root is the officinal 
portion. It is emetic and cathartic in full doses 
of half a drachm to a drachm, and expectorant 
and alterative in small ones. 



3. A. SYRIACA. 

Silk Weed. 

Very common in the U. S. The root appears 
to have much the same properties as the last, 
and also some anodyne powers. 



ASPARAGUS. 

Asparagus. 



Several species of Asparagus have been used 
in medicine, but the only one that is officinal, is 
the A. officinalis. This is a native of Europe, 
and is generally cultivated there and in this 
country. 

Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Liliacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 448. Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. ii. 
252. 

The parts used are the roots and young shoots, 
(turiones.) These are diuretic, aperient, and de- 
obstruent, and have been thought to exercise a 
sedative influence on the heart. Dr. Wood 
states {Am. U. S. Dispens. 1231) that the berries 
are more efficient than the shoots. 

Extract of Asparagus Shoots. 
R. Clarified juice of asparagus sufficient 
Evaporate by a mild heat to proper con- 
sistence. Soubeiran. 

Extract op Asparagus Roots. 
R. Roots of asparagus sufficient 

Bruise them, add sufficient water to cover 
them, express, strain, and evaporate by a 
mild heat. Soubeiran. 

These extracts are given in doses of a scruple 
to a drachm, as diuretics. 

Syrup op Asparagus SnooTS. 
R . Juice of asparagus shoots one pint 
White sugar two pounds 

Dissolve by means of a water bath, and 
strain. Cottereau. 

Advised in pulmonary catarrh, too great ac- 
tion of the heart, in one to four ounces during 
the day. 

Decoction of Asparagus Roots. 
R. Asparagus roots one ounce 

Water two pints 



Boil, and strain. Radius. 

To be taken by cupfuls in dropsies. 

Diuretic Mixture. 
R. Asparagus roots one ounce 

Water one pint 

Boil for an hour, strain, and add 

Acetate of potassa twenty grains 

Honey of squills half an ounce 

Fay. 
Used as the last, and in the same diseases. 



ASSAFCETIDA. 

ASSAFETIDA. 

A gum resin or inspissated juice from an um- 
belliferous plant, a native of Persia, usually 
thought to be Ferula assafastida, but now shown 
by Dr. Falconer to be a Narthex, which, though 
similar to Ferula, is distinct from it. (Royle, 
Mat. Med. 407.) 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiacea?. 

Royle, Mat. Med. 407. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
326. 

Assafetida as found in the shops is in masses 
of a whitish, reddish, or violet hue, composed of 
adhering tears. Odor, fetid and alliaceous; 
taste, bitter and somewhat acrid ; forms an 
emulsion with water. 

Is stimulant and antispasmodic, and also em- 
menagogue and anthelmintic. It is used in 
spasmodic and convulsive diseases, as hysteria, 
chorea, hooping-cough, flatulent colic, &c. 

Assafetida Pills. 
R. Assafetida one ounce and a half 

Soap half an ounce 

Beat with water into a mass, and divide 
into two hundred and forty pills ; each of 
which contains three grains of the gum 
resin. U. S. Ph. 

R. Assafetida one drachm and a-half 

Powdered orris root 

Mucilage of gum Arabic, each, 

sufficient 
Beat together, and divide into thirty pills. 
One to be given occasionally in the hoop- 
ing-cough of children. Kapp. 
R . Assafetida a drachm and a-half 

Powdered ginger half a drachm 

Syrup sufficient 

Mix, and make thirty pills. Three to be 
taken every three hours. Have been ad- 
vised in palsy. A T. Thomson. 

Pills of Assafetida and Lactu- 

carium. 
R. Assafetida three drachms 

Lactucarium two scruples and a-half 
Mix, and divide into eighty pills. Two 
or three every hour in hooping-cough of 
adults. Radius. 



ASSAFCETIDA. 117 



Pills op Assafetida and Iron. 
R. Assafetida 

Sulphate of iron 

Extract of chamomile, each, 

half an ounce 
Mix well, and divide into one hundred 
and eighty pills. Two or more, three or 
four times a-day, in hypochondria and hy- 
steria. Syfret. 
R. Black oxide of iron half a drachm 
Assafetida a drachm and a-half 
Oil of tansy ten drops 
Extract of wormwood sufficient 
Mix, and divide into ninety pills. Six to 
be taken three times a-day. Said to be 
useful against lumbrici and ascarides. 

Phoebus. 

Pills of Assafetida and Musk. 
R. Assafetida two drachms 

Musk 

Camphor, each, one drachm 

Ambergris half a drachm 

Beat well together, and divide into one 
hundred pills. Two to be taken three 
times a-day. Said to have proved useful 
in angina pectoris, hysteria, &c. 

JSainte Marie. 

Pills of Assafetida and Opium. 
R. Assafetida half an ounce 

Powdered opium 

" ipecacuanha, each, 

four grains 
Oil of peppermint eight drops 

Alcohol sufficient 

Beat well together, and divide into one 
hundred and twenty pills. Ten to be 
taken three times a-day in chronic ischuria, 
consecutive on gonorrhoea. 

Radius. 

Assafetida Mixture. 
R. Assafetida two drachms 



Water 
Bub together, adding 
grees, till well mixed. 
R. Assafetida 

Sugar 

Rose water 
Make an emulsion, 

Hoffmann's anodyne 
Taken in spoonful doses 
asthma, and hysteria. 



half a pint 

the water by de- 

U. S. Ph. 

one drachm 

six drachms 

five ounces 

and add 

thirty drops 

in spasmodic 

Bories. 



Assafetida Mixture. 
R. Assafetida half a drachm 

Solution of acetate of ammonia, 

half fl. ounce 
Pennyroyal water three fl. ounces 



Mix. One or two spoonfuls in hooping- 
cough. Miller. 
R. Assafetida mixture 

five and a-half fl. ounces 
Compound spt. of lavender 

half fl. ounce 
Aromatic spt. of ammonia 

two fl. drachms 

Mix. Three spoonfuls a day in hysteria. 

Ainslie. 

Assafetida Mixture. 
R. Assafetida two ounces 

Opium two grains 

Infusion of chamomile four ounces 
Mix. As an injection in convulsive at- 
tacks. Augustin. 

R. Assafetida half a drachm 

Yolk of egg one 

Rub together, and gradually add 

Water eight ounces 

Strain. To form two injections. Said to 
be useful in the hooping-cough of chil- 
dren. JSoubeiran. 

Mixture of Assafetida and Oxymel 

of Squills. 

R. Assafetida one scruple 

Powdered digitalis six grains 

Oxymel of squills two ounces 

Linden-flower water four ounces 

Rub well together. Said to be found useful 

in the dry cough consequent on deranged 

menstruation. Pierquin. 

Mixture of Assafetida and Tolu. 
R. Assafetida one drachm 

Water four fl. ounces 

Make an emulsion and add 

Tincture of balsam of tolu half a fl. 
ounce 
" opium forty to fifty drops 

Mix well. A teaspoonful every two 
hours, in hooping-cough, and a dessert- 
spoonful or more to an adult. Ellis. 

Tincture op Assapetida. 
R. Assafetida four ounces 

Alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 

U. S. Ph. 

Has all the properties of the gum resin, but 
is more stimulating. Dose, a fl. drachm. 

Alkaline Tincture of Assafetida. 
R. Assafetida 

Carbonate of potassa, each, two ounces 

Diluted alcohol one pint 

Macerate for three days, by a mild heat 

and filter. Anti-hysteric, &c. Useful in 



118 

nervous disorders. 



ATROPIA— AURANTIUM. 



Dose, about twenty 
Wirtumberg Dis. 



Ammoniated Tincture of Assafetida. 
R. Ammoniated alcohol sixteen ounces 
Assafetida one ounce 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, in a closed 
vessel, and then distil sixteen ounces. 

Van Mons. 
Stimulant and anti-hysteric. Dose, five to 
sixty drops. 

Tincture of Assafetida and Soot. 

R. Assafetida one drachm 

Wood soot two drachms 

Alcohol three ounces 

Digest for six days, and filter. Guibourt. 

Highly praised in hysteria, flatulence, and con- 
vulsions caused hy dentition. Dose, ten to thirty 
drops in an appropriate vehicle. 

Assafetida Plaster. 
R. Assafetida 

Lead plaster, each, one pound 

Galbanum 

Yellow wax, each, half a pound 

Alcohol three pints 

Dissolve the assafetida and galbanum in 
the alcohol, by means of a water-bath; 
strain while hot, and evaporate to consist- 
ence of honey, add lead plaster and wax 
melted together; stir well, and evaporate to 
due consistence. U. S. Ph. 

A good application to the stomach, in hysteria 
with flatulence, and to the chest in hooping- 
cough. 

Deavees' Carminative. 

R. Carbonate of magnesia half a drachm 

Tincture of assafetida sixty drops 

" opium twenty drops 

Sugar one drachm 

Distilled water one fl. ounce 

Mix well. Dewees. 

Very useful in the flatulent colic, diarrhoea, &c. 

of infants. Dose, twenty-five drops to a child of 

two to four weeks old, increasing the dose for 

those of a more advanced age. 

Pills of Assafetida and Aloes. 
R. Assafetida 
Powdered aloes 

Soap, each, half an ounce 

Beat with sufficient water to form a mass; 
divide into one hundred and eighty pills. 
U. S. Ph. 

A good purgative in cases of costiveness with 
flatulence and debility of digestive organs. Dose, 
two to five. 

Tincture of Assafetida and Castor. 
R. Tincture of assafetida 

castor ; each, one fl. ounce 



Aromatic spirit of ammonia 



one fl. 
drachm 

Mix. In hysteria, &c. Dose, about a 
teaspoonful. Ellis. 

Compound Assafetida Mixture. 
R. Assafetida one drachm 

Peppermint water three fl. ounces 
Make a solution, and add 

Ammoniated tincture of valerian two 
fl. drachms 

Tincture of castor three fl. drachms 

Sulphuric ether one fl. drachm 

Mix. Useful in hysteria, in doses of a 
tablespoonful, largely diluted, every second 
hour. Ellis. 

Assafetida Enema. 

R. Assafetida one drachm 

Hot water two ounces 

Triturate together. In flatulent colic, and 

against ascarides. Foy. 



ATROPIA. 

Atropine. 

Take recently dried root of belladonna, exhaust 
it by alcohol, 40° Cartier ; add to the tincture a 
quantity of slaked lime equal to one-twentieth 
of the weight of the root. After twenty-four 
hours' contact, filter; acidify slightly with sul- 
phuric acid, and again filter. Two-thirds of the 
alcohol is then removed by distillation. Evapor- 
ate the residue to one-twelfth of the weight of 
the root employed. Carbonate of potassa is then 
added until the liquid begins to be rendered 
opaque by a grayish-brown precipitate, carefully 
avoiding an excess. The liquid is again filtered, 
carbonate of potassa added, till it ceases to pre- 
cipitate, and after twenty-four hours the precipi- 
tate is collected on a filter and dried. It is then 
dissolved in concentrated alcohol, treated with 
animal charcoal and filtered, evaporated, and 
crystallized. Soubeiran. 

Solution of Atropia. 
R. Atropia (one, two, or three grains, as 
the strength may wish to be in- 
creased) one grain 
Nitric or acetic acid sufficient 
Water one fl. ounce 
Dissolve. 

As an application to the eyes for dilating the 
pupil. 



AURANTIUM. 

Orange. 

This fruit is the product of the Citrus Aurantium, 
a native of Asia, but now cultivated in all warm 
climates ; two varieties occur, the one with bitter, 
the other with sweet fruit ; these are considered 
distinct by Risso. 



AURANTII CORTEX— AURANTII FOLIA. 



119 



Sex.Syst. Polydelph. icosand. Nat.Syst.Aura.n- 
tiacese. 

Linn. Sp. PL Griffith, Med. Bot. 165. 

Almost every part is employed in medicine, 
but the rind of the fruit of the bitter kind only is 
officinal in the U. S. Pharrn. 



AURANTII CORTEX. 
Orange Peel. 

Powder of Orange Peel and 
Rhubarb. 
R. Powdered orange peel 
rhubarb 
Bitartrate of potassa, each, one ounce 
Mix well. Dose, one or two teaspoonfuls 
a-day. In dyspepsia, with a costive con- 
dition of the bowels. Radius. 

Confection op Orange Peel. 
R. Fresh orange peel, grated, one pound 
White sugar three pounds 

Beat together, till thoroughly mixed. 

U. S. Ph. 

As a vehicle or adjunct to powders. 

Electuary op Orange Peel. 

R. Orange peel half an ounce 

Willow bark two drachms 

Syrup of orange peel sufficient 

Make an electuary. To be taken in 

divided doses, during the apyrexia. 

Phoebus. 

Tincture op Orange Peel. 
R. Dried orange peel three ounces 

and a-half 
Proof spirit, (Imp. meas.,) two pints 
Digest for fourteen days, and filter. 

Lond. Ph. 

Used principally as an addition to infusions, 
decoctions, &c. 

Spirit op Orange Peel. 

R. Orange peel three ounces 

Alcohol sixteen ounces 

Water four ounces 

Digest for four days, and distil sixteen 

parts. Cottereau. 

Used for the same purposes as the last. 

Elixir op Orange Peel. 
R. Orange peel one ounce 

Cascarilla half an ounce 

Water of citron peel 
. wormwood 
Alcohol, each, half a pint 

Digest for four days, and filter. Moscati 

Dose, from four to six fl. drachms, as a carmina- 
tive and Btomachic. 



Infusion of Orange Peel. 
R. Orange peel No. 3 

Boiling water three pints 

Infuse for half an hour. 

Compound Infusion of Orange Peel. 

R. Dried orange peel half an ounce 

Fresh lemon peel two drachms 

Bruised cloves one drachm 

Boiling distilled water one pint 

Macerate for a quarter of an hour, and 

strain. Lond. Ph. 

These two preparations are used as stomachics, 
in doses of one or two fl. ounces. 

Syrup of Orange Peel. 

R. Bruised orange peel two ounces 

Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for twelve hours, strain, and add 

Sugar two pounds and a-half 

Make syrup. U. S. Ph. 

Used principally as an agreeable drink mixed 

with water. 

R. Recently dried sweet orange 

peel two ounces 

Powder, and put in a displacement appa- 
ratus, and pour on it a mixture of two 
parts alcohol, and one of water, until six 
fl. ounces are obtained. Pour this on 
thirty-two ounces (av.) of coarsely pow- 
dered sugar, and spread on paper, until 
the alcohol has evaporated. Then form it 
into a syrup, with sixteen ounces of water, 
merely carrying the heat to the boiling 
point, strain, and bottle whilst hot. 

W. Procter. 



AURANTII FOLIA. 

Orange Leaves. 

Electuary op Orange Leaves. 
R. Orange leaves 

Valerian, each, half a drachm 

Syrup of orange peel sufficient 

Make an electuary. Radius. 

A teaspoonnd occasionally as an antispas- 
modic. 

Jelly op Orange Leaves. 
R. Orange leaves an ounce and a-half 

Boiling water two pints 

Digest for twenty-four hours, strain, and 
add 

Powdered salep two drachms 

Boil to a jelly, and add 

Wine 

Syrup of orange flowers, each, one ounce 
In tcuspoonful doses, in marasmus. 

Radius. 



120 



AURUM— AURI CHLORIDUM. 



AUKANTII FLORES. 

Orange Flowers. 

Confection op Orange Flowers. 

R. Orange flowers one part 

Syrup three parts 

Evaporate to proper consistence. Taddei. 

Pastilles of Orange Flowers. 
R. Sugar 

Orange-flower water, each, two ounces 
"Dissolve, and evaporate to consistence of 
honey ; add a mixture of 

Sugar four ounces 

Oil of orange flowers half a drachm 
Make pastilles. Cottereau. 

Orange-Flower Water. 
R. Orange flowers ten parts 

Water thirty parts 

Distil off twenty parts. Guibourt. 

Syrup op Orange Flowers. 

R . Orange-flower water one part 

Sugar two parts 

Dissolve in a close vessel, and evaporate 

to proper consistence. Soubeiran. 

Oil of Orange Flowers. 

R. Orange flowers one part 

Water three parts 

Distil, and separate the oil that floats on 

the product. Taddei. 



AURUM. 

Gold. 

Gold is used as a remedial agent in its pure 
state, but only in an infinitely divided form, in 
which it is stated that it acts on the system, and 
to be equally efficacious as its salts, but its ac- 
tion is much milder. It has been prescribed 
in various forms of syphilitic diseases, in doses 
of a quarter of a grain to a grain, three or four 
times a-day. 

Powder op Gold. 
R. Gold leaf one part 

Sulphate of potassa eight to ten parts 
Triturate thoroughly, wash out the sul- 
phate of potassa, and sift through fine 
gauze. Par. God. 

To be applied in friction on the gums and 
tongue. 

R. Dilute solution nit. mur. of gold 

at will 
Solution sulphate of iron sufficient 
to precipitate ; collect this, and dry. 

Tronisdorff. 

R. Pulverized gold six grains 

Starch sixty-six grains 



Mix, and divide into twelve powders. 
One to be given four times a-day. Riecke. 

R. Pulverized gold 

Lycopodium, each, two grains. 

Mix. To be rubbed, during the day, on 
the tongue. Riecke. 

Powder op Gold and Iron. 
R. Pulverized gold two scruples 

Clean iron filings two scruples 

Powdered gum Arabic half a drachm 
Mix. To be given at once in water, acid- 
ulated with a few drops of diluted sulphu- 
ric acid, as an antidote to corrosive subli- 
mate. Buckler. 

Syrup op Gold. 

R. Pulverized gold twenty-four grains 

Syrup one ounce 

Mix. As an application to chancres on 

the fauces. Bories. 

Ointment of Gold. 
R. Pulverized gold one drachm 

Lard half an ounce 

Triturate well. As a dressing to venereal 
ulcers, and also to a surface having the 
cuticle removed; when the surface be- 
comes dry, substitute the ointment of 
chloride of gold. Legrand. 



AURI CHLORIDUM. 

Chloride of Gold. 
R. Leaf gold one part 

Nitro-muriatic acid three parts 

Dissolve by aid of a sand-bath, and evapo- 
rate till vapors of chlorine are given off, 
and set aside to crystallize. Dose, one- 
twentieth to one-sixteenth of a grain. 

Par. Cod. 

R. Pure gold one part 

Nitro-muriatic acid, (made with three 

parts muriatic acid, one part nitric 

acid, and one of water,) two parts 

Put the gold in a porcelain capsule, and 

add the acid ; cover with a plate of glass, 

and place on a salt-water bath, continue 

heat till nitrous fumes are no longer 

evolved. Raise the glass by means of a 

fold of paper, and continue heat, till, on 

introducing a glass rod, the adhering 

chloride of gold becomes solid on cooling. 

Remove from fire, and let crystallize. 

Leval. 

Powder of Chloride of Gold. 
R. Chloride of gold one part 

Powdered orris root two parts 



AURI ET SODII CHLORIDUM. 



Mix. In frictions on the gums, in the 
dose of a fifteenth to a tenth of a grain. 

Foy. 

Bolus op Chloride of Gold. 

R. Chloride of gold half a grain 

Extract of aconite twelve grains 

Mix, and make six boluses. One to be 

taken three times a-day. Brera. 

Pills op Chloride op Gold. 

R. Chloride of gold ten grains 

Powdered liquorice three drachms 

Syrup sufficient 

Mix, and make one hundred and fifty 

pills. One, thrice a-day. Ellis. 

Tincture op Chloride op Gold. 

R. Leaf gold one drachm 

Nitro-muriatic acid one ounce 
Dissolve, and add 

Oil of rosemary two ounces 

Alcohol eight ounces 

Mix. Dose, ten drops. Spielmann. 

Caustic op Chloride op Gold. 
R. Chloride of gold one ounce 

Nitro-muriatic acid one fl. ounce 

Mix. Used as a caustic to the surface of 
cancerous ulcers, applied by means of 
a dossil of lint. Recamier. 

Collyrium op Chloride op Gold. 
R. Chloride of gold two grains 

Distilled water six fl. ounces 

Dissolve. As a collyrium in ophthalmia. 

Jalm. 

Ointment op Chloride op Gold. 
R. Chloride of gold eight grains 

Lard half an ounce 

Mix. To relieve rheumatic pains. 

Legrand. 



AURI ET SODII CHLORIDUM. 

CnLORiDE op Gold and Sodium. 
R. Chloride of gold eighty-five parts 

Chloride of sodium sixteen parts 

Dissolve in a small quantity of water, 

evaporate to a pellicle, and let crystallize. 

Par. Cod. 

R. Leaf gold four parts 

Nitro-muriatic acid sufficient 

to dissolve, evaporate to dryness, add 

Chloride of sodium one part 

Water thirty-two parts 

Evaporate to one-half, and set aside to 
crystallize. Figuier. 

Powder of Chloride op Gold and 

Sodium. 
R. Chloride of gold and sodium one part 



Lycopodium 



121 

two parts 
Cadet. 



Mix. 

R. Chloride of gold and sodium one part 

Sugar of milk sixteen parts 

Mix. Radius. 

R. Chloride of gold and sodium 

three parts 
Powdered orris root nine parts 

Mix. Three grains contain about three- 
fourths of a grain of the chloride, and are 
used for thirty frictions, for the weakest 
doses, and three for the strongest. Legrand. 

Pills op Chloride op Gold and 

Sodium. 
R. Chloride of gold and sodium 

ten grains 
Potato starch four grains 

Gum Arabic 

Distilled water, each, one drachm 
Mix, and make one hundred and twenty 
pills. Each contains one-twelfth of a 
grain of chloride. Soubeiran. 

R. Chloride of gold and sodium 

four grains 

Extract of bitter sweet one drachm 

aconite ten grains 

Powdered marsh mallow 

Distilled water, each, sufficient 

Mix, and make eighty pills. Dose, three 

thrice a-day, in dropsy, incontinence of 

urine, amaurosis, &c. Groetzner. 

R. Chloride of gold and sodium one grain 

Extract of mezereon one drachm 

Mix, and make sixty pills. Magendie. 

Lozenges op Chloride op Gold and 

Sodium. 

R. Chloride of gold and sodium five grains 

Powdered sugar one ounce 

Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient 

Rub the chloride in a glass mortar with the 

sugar, add the mucilage, and make sixty 

Soubeiran. 



Solution of Chloride op Gold and 

Sodium. 

R. Chloride of gold and sodium two grains 

Distilled water one ounce 

Dissolve. Ten drops, every two hours, in 

dropsy and incontinence of urine. Radius. 

Syrup op Chloride of Gold and 

Sodium. 

R. Chloride of gold and sodium one grain 

Syrup six ounces 

Dissolve. Dose, from one ounce to two. 

JBories. 



122 



AURI CYANIDUM— AURI OXIDUM. 



Compound Syrup of Chloride or Gold 
and Sodium. 

R. Peruvian bark 

Gentian, each, three ounces 

Mezereon one ounce and a-half 

Foxglove two drachms and a-half 

"Water one pint and a-half 

Boil down to one pint, and pour the boiling 

decoction on 

Bitter orange peel one ounce 

Cloves half an ounce 

After a sufficient infusion, strain, and add 
Chloride of gold and sodium four grains 

A spoonful, night and morning. Bories. 

Ointment of Chloride of Gold and 

Sodium. 

R . Chloride of gold and sodium one scruple 

Lard one ounce 

Mix well. Foy. 

R. Chloride of gold and sodium three to 

four grains 

Lard half an ounce 

Mix thoroughly. Groetzner. 



AURI CYANIDUM. 

Cyanide of Gold. 
R. Leaf gold one part 

Nitro-muriatic acid six parts 

Dissolve, and evaporate to dryness. Dis- 
solve in 

Distilled water eight parts 

Reduce on a water-bath to one-fourth, and 
add very gradually 

Cyanide of potassium half a part 

Distilled water twenty-four parts 

Agitate, let rest, and separate the cyanide. 

Soubeiran. 

R. Fresh precipitated oxide of gold 

(washed, but not dried) at will 

Diluted hydrocyanic acid sufficient 
Boil till solution assumes a beautiful yel- 
low tint, evaporate to dryness on a water- 
bath. • Des/osses. 
Dose, from eighteenth to tenth of a grain. 

Powder of Cyanide of Gold. 
R. Cyanide of gold one grain 

Lycopodium fifteen grains 

Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. One 
every day, as friction on the gums and 
tongue. Radius. 

Pills of Cyanide of Gold. 

R. Cyanide of gold one grain 

Powdered liquorice thirty-one grains 
Mucilage sufficient 

Mix, and make sixteen pills. Radius. 



R. Cyanide of gold one grain 

Extract of mezereon three grains 

Powdered marsh mallow sufficient 

Mix, and make five grain pills. 

Lozenges of Cyanide of Gold. 
R. Cyanide of gold one grain 

Chocolate sufficient 

to make sixteen lozenges. Soubeiran. 

Solution of Cyanide of Gold. 
R. Cyanide of gold three grains 

Diluted alcohol eight fl. ounces 

A teaspoonful, twice a-day, gradually in- 
creasing the dose. Christien. 



AURI IODIDUM. 

Iodide of Gold. 
R. Solution chloride of gold at will 

Iodide of potassium sufficient 
to precipitate, wash the precipitate with 
alcohol, and dry it. Par. Cod. 

R. Solution chloride of gold at will 

hydriodate of am- 
monia sufficient 
to precipitate. Wash with alcohol, and 
dry. Miellet. 
Used like the other preparations, and in the 
same doses. 



AURI OXIDUM. 

Oxide of Gold. 
R. Pure gold one part 

Mercury six parts 

Make an amalgam ; triturate with double 
the weight of sulphur and calcine. 

Wurt. Ph. 
R. Leaf gold half an ounce 

Nitre ten ounces 

Common salt five ounces 

Alum eight ounces 

Triturate to extinction, dissolve in lime- 
water, precipitate by solution of potassa; 
wash the precipitate, and calcine. 

Spielmann. 
R. Chloride of gold one part 

Distilled water forty parts 

Dissolve, and add 

Fresh calcined magnesia four parts 
Boil; wash the precipitate with distilled 
water, then with nitric acid diluted with 
twenty parts of water, and again with 
water. Dry in the shade. Par. Cod. 

Dose, from a tenth to three-fourths of a grain. 

Powder of Oxide of Gold. 
R. Oxide of gold two drachms 



AURUM AMMONIATUM— AVENA SATIVA. 



Sulphuret of antimony half an ounce 

Oil of cinnamon eight drops 

Triturate together. Spielmann. 

R. Oxide of gold four scruples 

Prepared hartshorn one ounce 

Triturate together. Used in malignant 

fevers and small-pox. Spielmann. 

Pills of Oxide op Gold. 
R. Oxide of gold five grains 

Extract of mezereon two drachms 
Mix, and make sixty pills. Magendie. 



R 



AURUM AMMONIATUM. 

AMMONIATED GOLD. 

Gold leaf two drachms 

Nitro-muriatic acid one ounce 

Dissolve, and add 

Water of ammonia sufficient 

to precipitate. Wash and dry, with great 
caution. Niemann. 

This is what is termed fulminating gold, and 
explodes at 400°. It has been used in fevers, 
&c, as a diaphoretic, but has produced unpleas- 
ant consequences. 

Pills of Ammoniated Gold. 

R. Ammoniated gold 
Calomel 

Extract of squill, each, half a drachm 
Powdered rhubarb two drachms 

Conserve of juniper sufficient. 

Mix, and make pills of two grains. Plenck. 



AURUM STANNO PARATUM. 

Purple op Cassius. 
R. Chloride of gold one part 

Distilled water two hundred parts 
Add to this solution, very gradually, 

Pure tin one part 

Nitro-muriatic acid three parts 

Dissolve without heat, and add 

Distilled water one hundred parts 
as long as any precipitate falls. Wash this 
and dry by a gentle heat. Par. Cod. 

This is used like the other preparations of gold. 



AVENA SATIVA. 
Oat. 

The common oat, although generally cultivated 
from a very early age, is not known in a wild 
state. 

Sex. Syst. Triand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Gramin- 
aceoe. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 61. Griffith, Med. Bot. 662. 

Though, for the most part, used as food for 



123 

horses, it contains much nutritive matter, and 
forms an important article of diet in some parts 
of Europe. It is also employed in medicine as 
a bland, nutritious, and somewhat laxative nutri- 
ment in inflammatory diseases. When merely 
freed from their husk and coarsely broken, they 
are called groats. 

Groat Gruel. 
R. Groats three ounces 

Wash well in cold water, and then put into 

Fresh water four pints 

Boil slowly to one half, strain through a 
fine sieve. A. T. Thomson. 

R. Groats five drachms 

Liquorice root three drachms 

Boil the groats in sufficient water, to have 
one quart of decoction, add the liquorice, 
and after a sufficient infusion, strain. 

Cottereau* 
Oatmeal Gruel. 
R. Oatmeal two ounces 

River water one pint and a-half 

Rub the meal in a basin, with the back of 
a spoon, in some of the water, pouring ofF 
the fluid after the grosser particles have 
subsided, but whilst the milkiness remains, 
repeat this with fresh water. Stir well, 
and unite the washings, and boil until a 
soft, thick mucilage is formed. 

A. T. Thomson. 
Both these preparations may be flavored ac- 
cording to circumstances. 

Compound Decoction of Oatmeal. 

R. Groats six ounces 

Red sanders, chipped, one ounce 

Chicory root one ounce and a-half 

Water twelve pints 

Boil down one-third, and add to the strained 

docoction 

Nitre half an ounce 

Sugar two ounces 

Dissolve. Advised in gout, nephritis, &c, 
to be taken hot or tepid, morning and even- 
ing for some weeks, in doses of six or eight 
fl. ounces. Wurt. Ph. 

Flummery of Oatmeal. 
R. Oatmeal or groats a quart 

Rub for a considerable time with two 
quarts of hot water, and let the mixture 
stand till it becomes sour, then add another 
quart of hot water, and strain through a 
hair sieve. Let stand till a white sediment 
is deposited, decant the fluid, and wash the 
sediment with cold water. This is now to 
be boiled with fresh water, till it forms a 
mucilage, stirring the whole time. It is a 
very light and somewhat nutritious food, 
during early convalescence. 

A. T. Thomson, 



124 



AZEDARACH— BARII CHLORIDUM. 



Powder for a Cataplasm. 
R. Linseed meal one part 

Oatmeal two parts 

Dub. Ph. 
Oatmeal Poultice. 
R." Oatmeal sufficient 

Stir gradually into water kept boiling, un- 
til it is sufficiently consistent. 

A. T. Thomson. 

R. Powder for a cataplasm at will 

Boiling water sufficient 

Dub. Ph. 



AZEDARACH. 

AZEDARACH. 

The Melia Azedarach is a tree, a native of many 
parts of Asia, and naturalized in the warmer 
parts of Europe and the United States. 



Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Melia- 
ceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 550. Griffith, Med. Bot. 179. 

The parts used are the bark of the root, the 
berries, and the leaves. The former only is offi- 
cinal in the TJ. S. Pharm. It is cathartic and 
emetic, in large doses somewhat narcotic ; it is 
also an efficient anthelmintic. 

Decoction op Azedarach. 
R. Azedarach four ounces 

Water two pints 

Boil to a pint, and strain. 

Dose, one fl. ounce, every two or three hours, 
for a child. 

Ointment op Azedarach Berries. 
R. Pulp of berries 

Lard, each, one ounce 

Rub well together. Said to be useful as 
an application in tinea capitis. 



BALLOTA LANATA. 
Hairy Horehound. 

Several species of Ballota have, at different 
times, been used in medicine, but this is the 
only one that appears to possess active pro- 
perties. 

Sex. Syst. Didynam. gym. Nat. Syst. Lami- 
aceae. 

The whole plant is used, with the exception 
of the root, and is stated to be an excellent diu- 
retic, and useful in dropsical cases. 

Decoction op Hairy Horehound. 
R. Hairy horehound one ounce and a-half 
Boiling water two pints 

Boil down to one pint. Dose, a cupful 
twice a-day, gradually increasing the 
quantity. Rehmann. 



BAPTISIA TINCTORIA. 
Wild Lndigo. 

A native plant, found in most parts of the 
country; becoming black when dried. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fabaceae. 

Torrey and Gray, Flor. i. 386. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 231. 

The root, which is the part used, is emetic 
and purgative when fresh. Has been consid- 
ered a valuable antiseptic, and febrifuge, and 
has been given with advantage in typhus fever, 
scarlatina, &c, and also used as a wash to foul 
ulcers, aphthae, &c. Most employed in decoc- 
tion. 



Decoction op Wild Indigo. 
R. Root of wild indigo one ounce 

Boiling water a pint and a-half 

Boil down to a pint. Dose, half a fl. ounce 
every four to eight hours. 

Comstock. 

Ointment op Wild Indigo. 
R. Contused root of wild indigo 

two ounces 

Lard six ounces 

Simmer together for an hour, and strain. Has 

been found beneficial as an application to burns 

and ulcers. 



BARIUM. 
BARII CHLORIDUM. 

Chloride op Barium. 
R. Carbonate of barytes one pound 

Muriatic acid twelve fl. ounces 

Water three pints 

Mix the acid with the water, and gradu- 
ally add the barytes; towards close of 
effervescence, apply a gentle heat, and, 
when action has ceased, filter, and boil 
down, for crystals to form. U. S. Ph. 

Powders op Chloride of Barium. 
R. Chloride of barium two drachms 

Calomel ten grains 

Sulphuret of antimony six grains 



BARII IODIDUM— BARYTA. 



125 



Mix, and divide into forty-eight powders. 
Dose, two a-day in syrup, in cutaneous 
affections. Swediaur. 

Pills or Chloride op Barium. 
R. Chloride of barium 

Extract of liquorice, each, 

half a drachm 

Powdered liquorice root 

Water, each, sufficient 

Mix, and divide into one hundred and 

twenty pills. Phoebus. 

Dose, four to eight, three or four times a-day. 

R. Chloride of barium one drachm 

Resin of guaiacum half an ounce 

Conserve of fumitory sufficient 

Mix, and make one hundred eighty-eight 
pills. One to be taken morning and eve- 
ning, increased to two, against tapeworm. 
Pierquin. 

Solution op Chloride of Barium. 
R. Chloride of barium one ounce 

Distilled water three fl. ounces 

Dissolve, and filter. U. S. Ph. 

Has been used in small doses in cancer and 
scrofula. Dose, five drops, two or three times 
a-day, cautiously increasing. 

Colltrium op Chloride op Barium. 
R. Chloride of barium ten grains 

Distilled water one ounce 

Dissolve, filter, and add 

Mucilage of quince seeds two drachms 

Wine of opium half a drachm 

Radius. 

The eyelids are to be washed several times 

a-day with this, in scrofulous ophthalmia. 

Mixture op Chloride of Barium. 
R. Chloride of barium 

iron, each, half a drachm 

Distilled water one ounce 

Dissolve Augustin. 

Dose, twenty to sixty drops. 
R. Chloride of barium 

Extract of cicuta, each, half a drachm 

Distilled water half an ounce 

Antimonial wine one drachm and 

a-half 

Phoebus. 

Dose, fifteen to twenty drops every three 

hours, in chronic orchitis. 

R. Chloride of barium one drachm 

Balm water seven fl. drachms 

Antimonial wine one fl. drachm 

Dose, twenty to thirty drops four times 

a-day. Ilufeland. 

R. Chloride of barium four grains 

Distilled water two fl. ounces 



Extract of hemlock four grains 

Common emulsion one pound 

Syrup one ounce 

Mix. To be taken during the day, in 

scrofula, and scrofulous phthisis. Brera. 



BARII IODIDUM. 

Iodide op Barium. 
R. Iodine one hundred parts 

Iron filings thirty parts 

Water sufficient 

Prepare an iodide of iron, add baryta dis- 
solved in twenty parts of water, as long 
as a precipitate is formed, heat a moment, 
filter, evaporate, and crystallize. 

Magendie. 
Been used with success in scrofula. Dose, § 
of a grain, three times a-day, cautiously increas- 
ing. 

Powder op Iodide op Barium. 
R. Iodide of barium one grain 

Powdered cinnamon 

Sugar, each, four scruples 

Mix well, and divide into eight powders. 
One to be given two or three times a-day 
in scrofula. Radius. 

Ointment of Iodide of Barium. 
R. Iodide of barium four grains 

Lard one ounce 

Mix. As a friction in scrofulous swell- 
ings. Biett. 



BARII SULPHURETUM. 

Sulphuret of Barium. 
R. Sulphate of barytes eleven parts 

Charcoal one part 

Oil of turpentine sufficient 

Triturate the barytes with the coal, 
moisten the mixture with the turpentine, 
and heat the whole in a crucible to red- 
ness; let cool, and preserve. Van Mons. 



BARYTA. 

Barytes. 
R. Nitrate of barytes sufficient 

Mix in a platina crucible to a red heat, 
when the mass has become solid and por- 
ous, raise to a white heat, remove from 
fire, and cool. Van Mons. 

Solution op Barytes. 
R. Barytes one part 

Distilled water twenty parts 

Dissolve. Van Mons. 



126 



BARYTA ACETAS-BELLADONNA. 



Has been recommended in scrofula, in doses 
of four to five drops, in some appropriate ve- 
hicle. 

Barytic Liniment. 

R. Solution of barytes one part 

Olive oil six parts 

Rub together. Soubieran. 

Advised as an external application in lepra, 

and other obstinate cutaneous diseases. 



BARYTA ACETAS. 
Acetate op Barytes. 
R. Carbonate of barytes at will 

Acetic acid sufficient 

to saturate ; filter, evaporate, and crystal- 
lize. Van Mons. 

Solution of Acetate op Barytes. 
R. Acetate of barytes one part 

Distilled water nine parts 

Dissolve, and filter. In same cases and 
doses as the solution of barytes. 

Hamb. Ph. 



BEBEERINA. 

Bebeerine. 

This is an alkaloid obtained from the bark of 
a tree, growing in British Guiana. It is said to 
belong to the genus Nectandra, and has been 
named N. radcei. The bark is in flat pieces, 
smooth, grayish, hard, heavy, and brittle, with 
but little odor, though of a very bitter taste. 
Bebeerine is extracted from this bark in the form 
of a sulphate, by a process similar to that used 
to obtain sulphate of quinia. In this form it con- 
tains both bebeerine and siperina, and is in thin, 
somewhat glittering scales of a brownish-yellow 
color, forming a yellow powder, soluble in cold 
water, but often forming a turbid solution, which 
is rendered clear by a few drops of diluted sul- 
phuric acid. Pure bebeerine can be obtained 
from it as follows : — 

Decompose by ammonia, wash the precipitate, 
and whilst moist, triturate with moist hydrated 
oxide of lead ; dry on a water-bath, exhaust with 
alcohol, and distil off the spirit, treat the residue 
with ether ; on the evaporation of the ether, 
bebeerine will be left of a bright Canary yellow 
color, but in powder appears nearly white. 

Dose of the sulphate is one to three grains as 
a tonic, and five grains to a scruple as a febri- 
fuge. 

It is not equal to quinine as an antiperiodic, 
but is a good substitute for that article. 

Pills of Sulphate op Bebeerine. 

R. Sulphate of bebeerine two drachms 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and form twenty-four pills — one to 

three, thrice a-day in intermittent fevers. 

Ohristison. 



Solution of Sulphate of Bebeerine. 
R. Sulphate of bebeerine half a drachm 
Diluted sulphuric acid 

twenty-five minims 
Syrup 
Tincture of orange peel, each, 

one ounce 

Water four ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful three times a-day. 

Christison. 



BECCABUNGA. 

Brooklime. 

Two species of Veronica of similar properties 
are included under this name, the V. beccabunga 
and V. anagallis ; they are both semi-aquatic 
plants indigenous to Europe and to this country. 

Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Scrophu- 
lariaceae. 

These plants are employed usually in a fresh 
state, and considered to be antiscorbutic and 
alterative. They are usually given in infusion 
made with one or two handfuls of the herb to a 
pint of boiling water. They have also been em- 
ployed in conserve, syrup, &c. 

Water of Brooklime. 
R. Brooklime 

Water, each, two parts 

Distil off one part. Cottereav. 

Dose, one to four ounces. 

Syrup of Brooklime. 
R. Clarified juice of brooklime one part 
Sugar two parts 

Dissolve, by means of a water-bath. 

Taddei. 



BELLADONNA. 
Belladonna. 

This is the Atropa Belladonna, an herbaceous 
plant, native of Europe, and cultivated in some 
places in the United States. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Solan- 
aceEe. 

Linn. Sp. PL 260, Griffith, Med. Bot. 4S6. 

The whole plant is officinal in some Pharma- 
copoeias, but the leaves only are ordered in that of 
the U. S. This plant is a powerful narcotic, ow- 
ing to the presence of a peculiar principle called 
Atropia. It has been used in a variety of diseases 
as an anodyne, antispasmodic, and discutient. 
The dose of the powdered leaves is one to two 
grains, daily or twice a-day, gradually increasing. 

Powder of Belladonna. 

R. Powdered belladonna root three grains 

ipecacuanha two grains 

Oxide of zinc six grains 

Sugar one drachm 

Rub together, and divide into six powders. 

One every two hours in epilepsy. Radius. 



BELLADONNA. 



127 



R. Powdered belladonna root two grains 
ipecacuanha one grain 

Washed sulphur thirty-two grains 
Sugar of milk two drachms 

Rub well together, divide into twenty pow- 
ders. One every three hours in hooping- 
cough. Phoebus. 
R. Powdered belladonna one grain 
nitrate of po- 

tassa twenty-one grains 
sugar nine grains 

Make a powder, to be taken at bedtime. 

In chronic rheumatism, extensive ulcer- 
ations, mania, epilepsy. A. T. Thomson. 

R. Powdered root of belladonna 
ipecacuanha, each, 

six grains 
liquorice root 

sugar, each, half a drachm 
Precipitated sulphur two scruples 

Oil of anise 

amber, each, three minims 

Mix, and make five to twenty powders. 

A. T. Thomson. 
R . Powdered leaves of bella- 
donna one to three grains 
Musk 

Camphor, each, five grains 

Sugar thirty grains 

Triturate well together, and divide into 

eight powders. A. T. Thomson. 

Powder of Belladonna and Rhubarb. 
R. Powdered belladonna leaves ten grains 
rhubarb two scruples 

Mix, and divide into ten powders. One, 
two, or three times a-day, in obstructions 
of the liver and spleen. Radius. 

Opiated Belladonna Leaves. 
R. Belladonna leaves 

Water, each, two ounces 

Extract of opium one drachm 

Dissolve the opium in the water, wash the 
leaves with the solution, and dry them by 
a gentle heat. Guibourt. 

Said to be very useful in phthisis, the patient to 
smoke a pinch every morning in a common pipe. 

Fumigation of Belladonna. 
R. Powdered belladonna one drachm 

Boiling infusion of sage one quart 
The steam to be inhaled. Said to be use- 
ful in hooping-cough and phthisis. 

Soubeiran. 

Extract of Belladonna. 
R. Belladonna leaves one pound 

Bruise in a stone mortar, with the addition 
of a little water; express the juice, heat to 



boiling point, strain, and evaporate to proper 
consistence. TJ. & Ph. 

Dose, one grain night and morning, to be grad- 
ually increased. 

Alcoholic Extract of Belladonna. 
R. Belladonna leaves one pound 

Diluted alcohol four pints 

Moisten the leaves with half a pint of alco- 
hol, let stand for twenty-four hours, put in 
a displacement apparatus, add gradually the 
remainder of alcohol. When this has 
penetrated the belladonna, add water occa- 
sionally so as to keep the powder covered. 
Stop the process when the liquid that passes 
forms a precipitate in what has already 
passed. Distil off alcohol, and evaporate 
to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, half a grain to a grain, to be gradually 
increased. 

Compound Belladonna Pills. 
R. Extract of belladonna 

Blue pill 

Powdered ipecacuanha, each, 

twelve grains 
Mix, and make twelve pills. One to be 
taken morning and evening, in cancerous 
affections. Ainslie. 

Solution of Extract of Belladonna. 
R. Extract of belladonna three grains 
Cinnamon water one fl. ounce 

Make a solution. Dose, for a child under 
one year, two or three drops twice or thrice 
a day, and an additional drop for each ad- 
ditional year. Ellis. 
Said to have proved efficacious as a preventive 
of scarlatina. 

Syrup of Belladonna. 
R. Extract of belladonna forty-eight grains 
Distilled water two ounces 

Dissolve and filter, then add 

Syrup three pounds 

Boil, and strain. Cotterean. 

Said to be useful in hooping-cough, in doses of 
one to three drachms. 

Gillet's Syrup of Belladonna. 
R . Dried belladonna leaves one ounce 

Digitalis 

Common nightshade, each, one drachm 

Water ten fl. ounces 

Digest for two days, and filter, then add 

Syrup two pounds 

Cadet. 
Advised in hooping-cough, in the dose of a tea- 
spoonful every hour or two. 

Tincture of Belladonna. 
R. Belladonna leaves four ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 



128 



BENZOINUM. 



Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 

The dose is from fifteen to thirty drops. 

Ethereal Tincture of Belladonna. 
R. Belladonna leaves dried one part 

Sulphuric ether eight parts 

Macerate for eight days, and filter. 

Guibourt. 

Belladonna Mixture. 
R. Extract of bella- 
donna eight to twelve grains 
Wine of ipecacuanha one fl. drachm 
Syrup of seneka half fl. ounce 
tolu three and a half fl. ounces 
Mix. Advised in catarrh, in the dose of 
a teaspoonful, three or four times a-day, 
using also gum water acidulated with 
lemon-juice. Ellis. 
R. Extract of belladonna fifteen grains 
Fennel water five fl. ounces 
Alcohol one fl. drachm 
Dissolve. Dose, a drop for every year of 
the age of a child, not to exceed fifteen; 
as a preventive of scarlatina. Maisier. 

Liniment of Belladonna. 

R. Extract of belladonna two scruples 

Sulphuric ether one drachm 

Cherry laurel water two ounces 

As a friction to the abdomen in colica pic- 

tonum. Phoebus. 

Clyster of Belladonna. 
R. Belladonna 

leaves twelve to twenty grains 

Jalap one scruple 

Boiling water half a pint 

Infuse, and strain. Pitschaft. 

This has been recommended in strangulated 

hernia, to overcome spasm. 

Plaster of Belladonna. 
R. Resin plaster three ounces 

Extract of bella- 
donna one ounce and a-half 
Melt plaster by means of water-bath, and 
add the extract; mix well. U. S. Ph. 

An efficacious application in neuralgic and 
rheumatic pains. 

Ointment of Belladonna. 

R. Extract of belladonna two drachms 

Distilled water two fl. ounces 

Lard two ounces 

Rub well together. Used by Chaussier as 

an application to the neck of the uterus in 

cases of rigidity. Ratier. 

R. Fresh belladonna leaves one part 

Lard two parts 



Simmer together, express, and strain. 
Used in frictions of one or two drachms, 
to indolent tumours. Sotibeiran. 



BENZOINUM, 

Benzoin. 



Is the concrete juice of the Styrax Benzoin, a 
tree of some size, native of several of the East 
Indian islands. 

Sex. Syst. Decand monog. Nat. Syst. Styra- 
caceae. 

Dryander, Ph. Tl. lxxvii. 308. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 439. 

There are several varieties of benzoin, but the 
best is in whitish tears, united by a reddish-brown 
connecting medium. It has an aromatic, agreea- 
ble odor, and a somewhat acrid taste. It is 
stimulant and expectorant, and is much used in 
chronic catarrhs. 

Benzoated Lard. 
R. Benzoin in coarse powder one ounce 
Lard twenty-five ounces 

Heat them together in a water-bath for 
two or three hours, strain without pressure, 
and stir while cooling. 
Employed for ointments to be long kept, 
to prevent them from becoming rancid. 

Deschamps. 

Fumigating Powder. 
R. Powdered olibanum two pounds 

benzoin 

storax, each, half a pound 

dried roses 

lavender 

flowers, each, six ounces 
Mix. A small quantity to be thrown on 
hot coals, to raise a smoke; to be inhaled 
in hooping-cough, &c. Dohrn. 

Fumigating Pastilles. 

R. Benzoin ten parts 

Charcoal twenty-four parts 

Nitrate of potassa one part 

Sassafras two parts 

Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient 

To make pastilles, which are to be conical. 



R 


Benzoin 


sixteen parts 




Sandal wood 


four parts 




Ladanum 


one part 




Balsam of tolu 


four parts 




Charcoal forty-eight parts 




Nitrate of potassa 


two parts 




Mucilage of tragacanth 


sufficient 


M 


ike conical pastilles. 


Foy. 




Powder of Benzoin. 


R 


Powdered benzoin 






sugar candy 


equal parts 



BERBERIS— BISMUTHUM. 



129 



Mix. Said to be useful with camphor water 
in asthma and chronic catarrh. Pierquin. 

Oil of Benzoin. 
R. Benzoin at will 

Water a small quantity- 

Distil on a sand-bath, and separate the oil 
that passes over. 

Advised as a friction in neuralgic and 
rheumatic pains. Swediaur. 

Cosmetic "Wash of Benzoin. 
R. Tincture of benzoin three drachms 
Liquid subcarbonate of 

potassa two drachms 

Rose water eight ounces 

Mix. As a lotion in acne. Augustin. 

Cosmetic Emulsion of Benzoin. 
R. Almond paste two drachms 

Rose water eight ounces 

Make an emulsion, and add 

Tincture of benzoin three drachms 

Schubarth. 

Milk of Roses. 

R. Tincture of benzoin one drachm 

Rose water one pint 

Mix. Taddei. 

R. Tincture of benzoin one drachm 

balsam of 

Peru twenty drops 
Rose water one pint 

Mix. Giannini. 

Both these are used as cosmetic washes. 

Lotion for Burns. 

R. Benzoin six drachms 

Storax four drachms 

Balsam tolu two drachms 

Aloes one drachm 

Alcohol eight fl. ounces 

Make a tincture, to be used as a lotion for burns 

and scalds, before vesication has taken place. 

Tincture of Benzoin. 
R. Benzoin one part 

Alcohol eight parts 

Digest for some days, and filter. 

Guibourt. 
Used as a stomachic carminative, &c, in doses 
of ten to twenty drops. 

Compound Tincture of Benzoin. 
R. Benzoin three ounces 

Purified storax two ounces 

Balsam tolu one ounce 

Powdered aloes half an ounce 

Alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 

U. 8. Ph. 
A stimulating expectorant, and also used as 
an application to indolent ulcers. 

9 



Turlington's Balsam. 

R. Benzoin twelve ounces 

Liquid storax fourteen ounces 

Balsam of Peru two ounces 

Myrrh 

Aloes, each, one ounce 

Balsam of tolu 

Extract of liquorice, each, four ounces 
Angelica root half an ounce 

Alcohol eight pints 

Digest for ten days, and strain. 

Phil. Coll. Pharm. 



BERBERIS. 

Barberry. 

One species of this genus, B. vulgaris, has been 
employed in medicine in Europe. It is a native 
of Europe, but is naturalized in- some parts of 
the U. S. 

Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Berberi- 



Torrey and Gray, Fl. i. 49. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
112. 

The parts used are principally the berries, 
which are acidulous, and form a substitute for 
tamarinds, in the preparation of cooling drinks. 
The bark of the root is bitter and astringent, 
and is useful in the treatment of apthous sore 
mouth, and was at one time much esteemed in 
the treatment of jaundice. 

Lemonade of Barberries. 
R . Juice of berries one part 

Sweetened water fifteen parts 

Mix. As a refreshing drink in fevers. 

Beral. 

BISMUTHUM. 

Bismuth. 

BISMUTHI SUBNITRAS. 

SUBNITRATE OF BlSMUTH. 

R. Purified bismuth one ounce 

Nitric acid one fl. ounce and a-half 
Diluted water sufficient 

Mix one fl. ounce of water with the acid, 
and dissolve the bismuth in the mixture ; 
when action has terminated, pour clear so- 
lution into three pints of the water, and 
permit precipitate to subside ; pour off su- 
pernatant fluid, wash the precipitate well, 
and dry it by a gentle heat. U. S. Ph. 
Used as a tonic and antispasmodic, especially 
in certain painful affections of the stomach. 
Dose, five grains, twice or thrice a-day, gradu- 
ally increasing the quantity. 

Comfound Bismuth Powder. 
R. Subnitrate of bismuth twelve grains 
Powdered ipecacuanha two grains 

Carbonate of magnesia two drachms 



130 

3Iix, and form twelve powders. One, 
two or three times a-day, in gastrodynia. 

Clams. 

R. Subnitrate of bismuth eight grains 

Opium one grain 

Sugar two drachms 

Mix, and form four powders. Amnion. 

Much praised by the author, in cholera; one 

powder to be taken every two hours. 

Pills of Subnitrate or Bismuth. 

R . Subnitrate of bismuth one drachm 

Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient 

Mix, and make thirty pills. One to be 

given every two hours in dyspepsia. Ellis. 

Subnitrate of Bismuth Ointment. 
R . Subnitrate of bismuth one part 

Lard three parts 

Rub well together. Said to be useful in 
psora, and other cutaneous eruptions. 

Kerksig. 



BISTORTA— BRUCIA. 



BISTORTA. 

Bistort. 

This is the root of the Polygonum Bistorta, a 
native of Europe, and also found in the northern 
parts of this country, growing in wet situations. 

Sex. Syst. Octand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Polygo- 
naceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 516. Lindley, Fl. Med. 361. 

The part employed, is the root; this is bitter 
and austere, especially in a fresh state. It is a 
powerful astringent, but is seldom used in this 
country. The dose of the powder is twenty or 
thirty grains, three or four times a-day. 

Infusion of Bistort. 
R. Bistort one ounce 

Boiling water two pints 

Infuse for two hours, and strain. Recom- 
mended in passive hemorrhages. Radius. 

Astringent Clyster. 

R. Bistort one ounce 

Poppy heads two drachms 

Water one pint 

Infuse, and strain. As an injection, in 

diarrhoea and chronic dysentery. 

Guibourt. 



BOLETUS LARICIS. 
White Agaric. 

A parasitic fungus growing on the trunk of 
the larch, in many parts of Europe. It is desti- 
tute of smell, but the taste, at first vapid and 
farinaceous, becomes bitter, acrid, and nauseous. 
Formerly much used as a purgative, in doses of 
half a drachm to a drachm. It has lately been 
thought to be very efficacious in arresting the 
colliquative sweats in phthisis. 



Powder of Agaric. 
R. Powdered agaric twelve grains 

White sugar two drachms 

Mix well, and divide into six powders. 
One to be given at night, against colliqua- 
tive sweats. Radius. 

Powder of Agaric and Opium. 
R. Powdered agaric eighteen grains 

opium three grains 

gum Arabic two drachms 
Mix, and divide into nine powders. One 
to be given at night, against colliquative 
sweats. Radius. 

Pills of Agaric and Opium. 

R. Powdered agaric fifteen grains 

Extract of opium two grains and 

a-half 

Mix, and form six pills. One or two at 

bedtime, in same cases as above noticed. 

Rayer. 



BROMINUM. 

Bromine. 

This elementary substance has much analogy 
to iodine in its chemical characters, and in its 
action on the system. It is a dark fed, volatile 
liquid, having a very caustic taste and a disagree- 
able odor. It has been employed in bronchocele, 
scrofula, chronic cutaneous diseases, and hyper- 
trophy of the heart. 

Solution of Bromine. 

R. Bromine one part 

Distilled water forty parts 

Mix. Dose, six drops several times a-day, 

gradually increasing the dose. PourchL 

Alcoholic Solution of Bromine. 
R. Bromine ten drops 

Alcohol one ounce 

Mix. As an external application. The 
strength to be increased five drops to the 
ounce, daily. Founet. 

Lotion of Bromine. 
R . Bromine twenty to thirty drops 

Water one pint 

Mix. For scrofulous ulcers. Glover. 

R. Bromine four fl. drachms 

Water five fl. ounces 

Mix. Pourchi. 



BRUCIA. 
Brucine. 

R . Powdered false Angustura bark, at will. 
Treat it three times with water acidulated 
with muriatic acid, mix the liquids, eva- 
porate, add milk of lime, wash the pre- 
cipitate, dry, and treat it with alcohol; eva- 



BRUCIJE ACETAS. MURIAS ET SULPHAS— BUXUS. 



131 



porate this, combine the residue with sul- 
phuric acid, dissolve the salt in water, 
treat with animal charcoal, crystallize, re- 
dissolve in water, and precipitate by means 
of ammonia. Cottereau. 

A highly poisonous alkaloid, obtained from the 
bark of the strychnos nux vomica, or false Angus- 
tura bark. It is white, very bitter, and readily 
soluble in alcohol, but with difficulty in water. 
Acts on the system like strychnia, but with less 
energy, and has been given in same class of 
diseases. 

Pills of Brucia. 
R. Brucia twelve grains 

Conserve of roses half a drachm 

Mix, and divide into twenty-four pills. One 
to be given morning and evening, gradually 
increasing the dose. Foy. 

Solution of Brucia. 
R. Brucia six grains 

Distilled water four fl. ounces 

Sugar two drachms 

Mix. A tablespoonful, morning and even- 
ing. Magendie. 

Tincture of Brucia. 

R. Brucia eighteen grains 

Alcohol (0-847) one ounce 

Dissolve. Six to twenty-four drops in some 

demulcent drink. Soubeiran. 



BRUCIJE ACETAS. MURIAS 
ET SULPHAS. 

Acetate, Muriate, and Sulphate of 
Brucine. 

These are all made by the same process, using 
for each the appropriate acids. 

R. Brucine at will 

Acetic acid sufficient 

Put the brucine in a porcelain capsule on 
a water-bath; pour a small quantity of 
water on it, and then add the acid very 
gradually, constantly stirring till perfect 
saturation takes place; filter, evaporate to 
one-half, and then crystallize. Cottereau. 



BRYONIA. 
Bryony. 

The roots of two species of bryony are used 



in medicine, the B. alba, and B.dioica, the first 
in England, the latter in other parts of Europe, 
but are identical in their sensible properties and 
action on the system. 

Sex. Syst. Monoec. syngen. Nat. Syst. Cucur- 
bitacea?. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 621. Griffith, Med. Bot. 311. 

The part used is the root; this is acrid and 
purgative, causing copious, watery stools ; in 
doses of ten grains to two scruples. It has also 
some reputation as a cataplasm. 

Cataplasm of Bryony. 
R. Juice of bryony root 

Crumb of bread, each, sufficient 

to form a cataplasm. Used as an applica- 
tion to engorged glands of the neck. 

Barthez. 

Compound Cataplasm of Bryony. 
R . Rasped bryony root three ounces 

Contused elder bark one ounce 

Gum ammoniac half an ounce 

Muriate of ammonia two drachms 
Oil of cicuta two ounces 

Vinegar sufficient 

Mix, and heat. An application to scrofu- 
lous tumors. Plenck. 

Wine of Bryony. 

R . Bryony root one ounce 

White wine one pint 

Boil gently, and filter. To be taken in 

wineglassfuls, in dropsies. Hufeland. 



BUXUS. 
Box. 

The box is a shrub or small tree, native of the 
south of Europe, but now generally cultivated in 
this country. 

Sea;. Syst. Monoec. triand. Nat. Syst. Euphor- 



The parts used are the wood and leaves. The 
first is sudorific and possesses somewhat the pro- 
perties of guaiacum ; the latter are purgative, but 
neither are now used. The following prepara- 
tion, however, has obtained some celebrity in the 
cure of gonorrhoea, and in epilepsy. 

Oil of Box. 
R . Rasped box-wood sufficient 

Distil, separate the oil, and rectify it. 
Dose, four to five drops, three times a-day. 
Wirtemberg Ph. 



132 



CACAO. 



C. 



CACAO. 

Cocoa. Chocolate Nuts. 

These are the seeds of Theobroma Cacao, a small 
tree, indigenous to South America, and are also 
produced from some other sources. 

Sex. Syst. Polydelph. pentand. Nat. Sijst. Bytt- 
neracese. 

Linn. Sp. PL 1 100. Lindley, Flor. Med. 138. 

The nuts are of an almond shape, and consist 
of a white, sweetish, somewhat oleaginous sub- 
stance, covered by a leathery like shell. They 
are principally used as an article of food, but 
also are employed in medicine. 

Compound Cocoa Powders. 
Palamond. 
R. Roasted cocoa eight ounces 

Rice flour 

Potato starch, each, two pounds 

Red saunders, powdered, one ounce 

Mix. A drachm to an ounce, boiled in 

water, as a restorative diet. Soubeiran. 

Racahout. 

R. Roasted cocoa two ounces 

Potato starch five ounces 

Powdered salep one ounce 

Sugar eight ounces 

Vanilla sufficient 

Mix. Two or three spoonfuls boiled with 

eight fl. ounces of water, form a nutritious 

diet for the convalescent. Foy. 

WlKANA. 

R. Roasted cocoa two ounces 

Sugar five ounces and a-half 

Powdered cinnamon two drachms 

vanilla thirty-six grains 

Ambergris three grains 

Musk one grain and a-half 

Mix. Half a drachm, boiled with milk or 

water, more stimulating than the last. 

Guibourt. 

Compound Cocoa Paste Chocolate. 

Vanilla Chocolate. 

R. Cocoa paste six pounds 

Sugar ten pounds 

Vanilla eleven drachms 

Triturate thoroughly together, and form 

cakes. Cottereau. 

Aromatic Chocolate. 
R. Cocoa 

Sugar, each, sixteen ounces 

Powdered cinnamon half an ounce 



Cloves two drachms 

Cardamom 

Vanilla, each, one drachm 

Triturate together, and form cakes. 

Weiglebt. 
Salep Chocolate. 
R. Cocoa paste 

Sugar, each, ten pounds 

Powdered salep ten ounces 

Triturate well, and form cakes of half an 

ounce each. Cadet. 

White Chocolate. 
R. Sugar six pounds 

Rice flour one pound twelve ounces 
Potato starch eight ounces 

Glum Arabic four ounces 

Tincture of vanilla half fl. ounce 

Butter of cocoa eight ounces 

Boiling water sufficient 

Triturate well, into a stiff paste. 

Cottereau. 
These afford a good article of diet, for conval- 
escents, and debilitated persons, when boiled 
with water or milk. The last is the least stim- 
ulating. 

Chocolate Cream. 

R. Boiling milk sixteen parts 

Sugar 

Yolk of egg, each, two parts 

Ground cocoa one part 

Mix, and boil gently. Beral. 

Butter op Cocoa. 
R. Cocoa, roasted at will 

Reduce to a paste in a warm iron mortar, 
triturate on a stone slab, add a fifth part 
boiling water, place it in a bag, and ex- 
press between two heated metal plates ; 
melt the product, and, on cooling, separate 
the water. Guibourt. 

Butter op Cocoa Mixture. 
R . Butter of cocoa three ounces 

Oil of almonds one ounce and six 

drachms 
Syrup of red poppies one ounce 

Orange-flower water four drachms 
Mix. As a soothing demulcent in ca- 
tarrh. In spoonful doses. Cadet. 

Butter op Cocoa Ointment. 
R. Butter of cocoa 

Oil of almonds equal parts 

Melt over a water-bath. Guibourt. 



CADMIUM— CALCIUM. 



133 



CADMIUM. 

Cadmium. 

A soft, crystallizable, ductile, volatilizable 
metal, not used in medicine in its metallic state, 
but affording the following remedial salt. 



CADMII SULPHAS. 

Sulphate op Cadmium. 
R. Oxide of cadmium one ounce 

Sulphuric acid sufficient 

Dissolve, evaporate, and crystallize 



Used in solution and ointment, as an applica- 
tion in chronic ophthalmia. 

Solution op Sulphate of Cadmium. 

R. Sulphate of cadmium two grains 

Laudanum twenty drops 

Rose water four fl. ounces 

Mix. As a wash in chronic ophthalmia 
Guibourt. 

Ointment op Sulphate op Cadmium. 
R. Sulphate of cadmium one or two 

grains 

Lard one drachm 

Mix. As an application in spots on the 

cornea. Radius. 



CALAMUS. 
Calamus. 

This is the root of Acorus Calamus, an indige- 
nous plant found in most parts of the U. S. in 
wet situations. It also grows in Europe and 
Asia. 

Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Oronti- 
aceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 462. Griffith, Med. Bot. 620. 

The part employed is the root; this has a fra- 
grant odor, and a warm, bitterish, aromatic taste. 
It is a stimulant tonic, and aromatic. The dose, 
in substance, is from a scruple to a drachm. 

Electuary op Calamus. 
R. Powdered calamus two drachms and 

a-half 

valerian one drachm and 

a-half 

Syrup of orange peel two ounces 

Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours. 

Shubarth. 

Infusion of Calamus. 
R. Calamus one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for a quarter of an hour, and strain. 
Dose, a wineglassful or more. 

Compound Infusion of Calamus. 
R. Calamus ten drachms 

Boiling water one pint 



Infuse and strain, then add 

Peppermint water two ounces 

Muriatic ether one drachm and a-half 
Syrup one ounce 

Mix. Dose, a spoonful, in disordered di- 
gestion. Augustin. 

Tincture of Calamus. 
R. Calamus bruised one part 

Alcohol (0.847) eight parts 

Macerate for eight days, and filter. 

Guibourt. 
Compound Tincture op Calamus. 
R. Contused calamus 
ginger 
coriander 
Black pepper, each, one ounce 

Alcohol two pints and a-half 

Macerate for four days, and filter. Dose, 
forty to fifty drops as a stomachic and car- 
minative. Niemann. 
R. Contused calamus 

gentian, each, three ounces 
geum two ounces and a-half 
angelica one ounce and 

a-half 
ginger half an ounce 

fennel two ounces 

alcohol twelve pints 

Macerate for six days, and filter. A tea- 
spoonful in wine. 



CALCIUM. 

Calcium. 
CALCII CHLORIDUM. 

Chloride op Calcium. 
R. Chalk five ounces 

Muriatic acid 

Water, each, ten fl. ounces 

Mix the acid and water, and gradually 
add the chalk. "When all action ceases, 
filter, and evaporate to dryness. Fuse, 
and pour out on a stone slab ; when cool, 
break in fragments, and preserve in well- 
stopped bottles. Lond. Ph. 

Cataplasm op Chloride of Calcium. 

R. Chloride of calcium 

soda, each, half an ounce 
Water half a pint 

Linseed meal sufficient 

Make a cataplasm. In scrofulous and 

white swellings. Swediaur. 

Solution of Chloride of Calcium. 

R. Chloride of calcium eight ounces 

Water (imp. mcas.) twelve Jl. ounces 



Dissolve, and filter. 



Edin. Ph. 



134 



Dose, thirty drops two or three times a-day, 
gradually increased ; to be given in milk, or 
some demulcent. Used in scrofula, goitre, tabes 
mesenterica, &c. 

Mixture of Chloride or Calcium. 



CALX CHLORINATA. 



one drachm 

ten grains 

one ounce 

six ounces 

times a-day in 

Phoebus. 



one drachm 
seven fl. ounces 



R. Chloride of calcium 

Extract of henbane 

Syrup of liquorice 

Water 
Mix. A spoonful four 
scrofula. 

R. Chloride of calcium 

Almond mixture 

Syrup of gum Arabic one fl. ounce 
Mix. A teaspoonful every three hours. 
Gr'dfe. 

Pills of Chloride of Calcium. 
R. Chloride of calcium one drachm 

Extract of opium nine grains 

Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient 
Mix, and make fifty-four pills. One 
every two or three hours, in gonorrhea, 
gradually increasing the dose, until eight, 
ten, or twelve are taken every hour. 

Gra/e. 



CALX CHLORINATA. 
Chlorinated Lime. 

Chloride of Lime. 
R. Hydrate of lime a pound 

Chlorine sufficient 

Pass the chloride over the lime, spread in 
a proper vessel, until it is saturated. 

Lond. Ph. 
It is a dessicant and disinfectant, and is also 
used to ill-conditioned ulcers, burns, chilblains, 
to some cutaneous affections, &c. 

Preservative Liquid. 

R. Water sixteen parts 

Chlorinated lime four parts 

Alum two parts 

Nitre one part 

Mix. Said to be very efficient for the 

preservation of anatomical preparations. 

Reboulet. 

Lozenges of Chlorinated Lime. 

R. Chlorinated lime two drachms 

Sugar eight ounces 

Starch one ounce 

Tragacanth one drachm 

Cochineal three grains 

Rub well together, and make lozenges of 

three grains each. One to be taken three 

or four times a-day, in cases of bad 

breath. 



COLLUTORY OF CHLORINATED LlME. 

R. Chlorinated lime fifteen to thirty 

grains 

Mucilage of gum Arabic one fl. ounce 

Syrup of orange peel half fl. ounce 

Mix. To be applied by means of a piece 

of sponge or camel's hair brush, to ulcers 



Angelot. 
three drachms 



in the mouth. 

R. Chlorinated lime 
Distilled water 

Alcohol, each, two fl. ounces 

Oil of roses four drops 

Dissolve, and filter. A teaspoonsful in a 
glass of water, to correct fetid breath. 

Chevallier. 

Chlorinated Lime Dentifrice. 
R. Chloride of lime four grains 

Powdered red coral two drachms 

A toothbrush, slightly wetted, to be dipped 
in this powder, and rubbed on the teeth. 
Magendie. 

Compound Injection of Chlorinated 

Lime. 
R. Chloride of lime two drachms 

Decoction of rhatany thirteen fl. ounces 
Dissolve, and filter. As an injection in 
ozena, three or four times a-day. 

Detmold. 

Ointment of Chlorinated Lime. 
R . Chlorinated lime one drachm 

Lard one ounce 

Rub together. In scrofulous swellings. 



R. Chlorinated lime 

Lard 
Rub together. In goitre 

R. Chlorinated lime 
Borate of soda, each, 
Lard 

Rub together thoroughly. 



half a drachm. 

one ounce 

Werneck. 



R. Chlorinated lime 
Powdered digitalis 
Vinegar 
Lard 

Rub together 

mors. 



one drachm 

one ounce 

In chilblains. 

Trusen. 

one drachm 

two drachms 

two fl. scruples 

one ounce 

In indolent glandular tu- 

Phcebus. 



Liniment of Chlorinated Lime. 
R. Chlorinated lime half a drachm 

Rub in a glass mortar, adding gradually, 
Rose water one fl. ounce 

and when quite clear 

Oil of almonds one fl. ounce 

As an application in tinea capitis. 

Trusen. 



CALCII IODIDUM-CALCIUM OXIDI. CALX. 135 

— • — 

Lime "Watek. 
R. Lime four ounces 

Distilled water one gallon 

Slake the lime with a little of the water, 



CALCII IODIDUM. 

Iodide op Calcium. 
R. Iodide of iron at will 

Precipitate with an excess of slaked lime, 
evaporate to dryness, dissolve in distilled 
water, filter, evaporate, and crystallize. 

Magendie. 

Pills of Iodide of Calcium. 
R. Iodide of calcium ten grains 

Extract of savine twelve grains 

Mix, and divide into four pills. One every 

four hours. In amenorrhoea, with scrofula. 

Brer a. 

R. Iodide of calcicum ten grains 

Extract of aconite six grains 

Mix, and divide into six pills. One every 
four hours. In chronic bronchitis and 
tubercular phthisis. Brer a. 



CALCII SULPHURETUM. 

Sulphuret op Calcium. 

R. Quicklime seven parts 

Sulphur four parts 

Pulverize, and heat for two hours in a 

covered crucible. Guibourt 

R. Quicklime two parts 

Sulphur one part 

Water five parts 

Mix, and boil gently, evaporate to dryness, 

stirring. Cottereau. 

Stimulant, diaphoretic. Dose, five to ten 



Compound Pills op Sulphuret op 

Calcium. 

R. Sulphuret of calcium one drachm 

Powdered cinnamon 

Extract of monkshood, each, fifteen 

grains 

mallows sufficient 

Mix, and make sixty pills. Dose, four, 

three or four times a-day, in gout and 

chronic rheumatism. Phoebus. 

Liniment of Sulphuret of Calcium. 

R. Sulphuret of calcium one ounce 

Oil of juniper two drachms 

Dippel's animal oil ten drops 

Mix well. As an embrocation in gout. 
Auguslin. 



CALCIUM OXIDI. CALX. 

Lime. 
R. Chalk one pound 

Blgak into small pieces, and calcine in a 
strong fire for an hour. Lond. Ph. 



add the remainder, stir well, and let stand 
for three hours. Keep in well-stopped 
bottles. U. S. P. 

Compound Lime Water. 

R . Rasped guaiacum wood half an ounce 

Contused liquorice root one ounce 

sassafras bark h alf an ounce 

coriander seeds three 

drachms 

lime water six pints 

Macerate for two days in a closed vessel, 

and filter. Bub. Ph. 

Liniment op Lime Water and Oil. 
R. Linseed oil three fl. ounces 

Lime water six fl. ounces 

Make a liniment. As an application to 
burns and scalds. Ellis. 

Liniment of Lime Water and Al- 
cohol. 
R. Alcohol two fl. ounces 

Lime water half a pint 

Mix. In same cases as the last. Ellis. 

Liniment of Lime Water and Opium. 
R. Lime water 

Linseed oil 

Laudanum equal parts 

Mix. In the same cases, and as an em- 
brocation to allay pain. Augustin. 

Liniment for Sore Breasts. 
R. Lime water 

Almond oil, each, three drachms 

Extract of opium one grain 

Mix. The breasts are to be covered with 

lint dipped in this mixture. Niemann. 

Liniment of Lime and Sulphur. 

R. Lime 

Sulphur, each, two ounces 

Olive oil sufficient 

Mix. As a friction in scabies. Giannini. 

Lime Water and Carbonate op Po- 

tassa. 
R. Carbonate of potassa two drachms 
Lime water two pints 

Dissolve. As an antilitkic; a wincglass- 
ful every two hours, in same quantity of 
new milk. Ellis. 

Lime Water and Milk. 
R. Lime water 

New milk equal parts 

Mix. As an antacid, and to remove sick- 



136 



CALCIS CARBONAS. 



ness of the stomach. Dose, one to two 
tablespoonfuls. Ellis. 

Antacid Mixture. 
R. Lime water four ounces 

Solution of potassa 

Syrup of orange peel, each, one ounce 
Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful in a cup of 
water. Found useful in dyspepsia and 
heartburn. Cooley. 

Lime Ointment. 
R. Lime one ounce 

Linseed oil three ounces 

Mucilage of quince seeds two ounces 
Mix well. In burns and scalds. Radius. 
R. Slaked lime one drachm 

Carbonate of soda two drachms 

Extract of opium ten grains 

Lard two ounces 

Rub well together. In obstinate cutane- 
ous affections. Biett. 
R. Slaked lime 

Laudanum, each, half a drachm 

Cucumber ointment four drachms 

Rub well together. As an application to 

hemorrhoidal tumors. Guibourt. 

R. Lime 

Sulphur, each, two ounces 

Muriate of soda one ounce 

Lard one pound 

Olive oil two pounds 

Mix well. As a friction in itch. 

Ferrara. Ph. 



CALCIS CARBONAS. 
Carbonate op Lime. 

Precipitated Carbonate op Lime. 
R. Water of chloride of calcium five parts 
Carbonate of soda three parts 

Dissolved in four times its weight of dis- 
tilled water. Mix. Wash the precipitate 
three times, and dry. Dub. Ph. 

Prepared Chalk. 
R. Chalk at will 

Add a little water, and rub to fine pow- 
der. Throw into a vessel of water, and 
stir, pour off liquid, while yet turbid, into 
another vessel, and permit chalk to sub- 
side ; pour off water, and dry the precipi- 
tate. U. S. Ph. 

Prepared Oyster Shell. 
R. Oyster shell at will 

Free it from extraneous matter, wash 
with boiling water, reduce to powder, and 
proceed as with chalk. U. S. Ph. 

As an antacid in bowel affections. In doses 



of from ten to forty, or more grains, often re- 
peated. 

Aromatic Powder of Chalk. 

R. Prepared oyster shell two drachms 
Magnesia one drachm 

Powdered cinnamon one scruple 

Mix. 

Compound Powder of Chalk. 
R . Prepared chalk half a pound 

Cinnamon four ounces 

Tormentil 

Gum Arabic, each, three ounces 

Long pepper half an ounce 

Beat separately into fine powder, and 
mix. Lond. Ph. 

Stimulant, astringent, and antacid ; useful in 
diarrhoea, with acidity, but without inflammation. 
Dose, ten to twenty grains. 

Compound Powder of Chalk with 
Opium. 
R. Compound powder 

of chalk six ounces and a-half 

Powdered opium four scruples 

Mix well. Lond. Ph. 

In diarrhoea of adults, in doses of ten or 
twenty grains, after each evacuation. 

Dentifrice Powder with Carbonate 

of Lime. 
R. Powdered cuttlefish bone 

Peruvian bark 

myrrh equal parts 

Mix. Pierquin. 

R. Powdered cuttlefish bone six ounces 

red coral two ounces 

dragon's blood 

red saunders 

orris root, each, one ounce 
and a-half 

cinnamon 

alum, each, half an ounce 
Mix. Par. Ph. 

Lozenges of Chalk. 
R. Prepared chalk four ounces 

Grum Arabic, powdered, one ounce 
Nutmeg " one drachm 

Sugar " six ounces 

Rub together till mixed ; mix with suffi- 
cient water to form mass ; divide into lo- 
zenges of ten grains each. U. S. Ph. 

As a mild antacid astringent, in diarrhoea. 

Dentifrice Electuary. 
R. Powdered red coral four ounces 

cuttlefish bone 
cinnamon, each, one ounce 
cochineal half an ounce 
alum half a drachm 



CALCIS PHOSPHAS-CALENDULA. 



oil of cloves 
honey 



six drops 

ten ounces 

Mix. Taddei. 

Chalk Mixture. 
R. Prepared chalk half an ounce 

Sugar 

Powdered gum Arabic, each, two 

drachms 
Cinnamon water 

Water, each, four fl. ounces 

Rub them together until thoroughly 
mixed U. S. Ph. 

A tablespoonful, as may be required. 

R . Prepared chalk one drachm and 

a-half 
White sugar 

Gum Arabic, each, sufficient 

Oil of cinnamon two drops 

Tincture of opium forty to fifty drops 
Distilled water four fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful, every two hours, 
in diarrhoea and dysentery. Ellis. 

Compound Chalk Mixture. 
R. Chalk mixture five fl. ounces 

Aromatic confection one drachm 

Solution carbonate ammonia 

one fl. drachm 

Laudanum twenty minims 

Mix. A tablespoonful, occasionally, in 

diarrhoea. Ainslie. 



CALCIS PHOSPHAS. 

Phosphate op Lime. 
R. Burnt bones, in powder one part 

Diluted muriatic acid 

Water, each, two parts 

Digest together for twelve hours, and fil- 
ter. Add water of caustic ammonia, suf- 
ficient to precipitate phosphate of lime. 
Wash this, and dry. Dub. Ph. 

Burnt Hartshorn. 
R. Burn pieces of hartshorn in an open 
vessel till quite white, and prepare them 
as directed for chalk. Lond. Ph. 

Has been thought efficacious in mollities os- 
sium and rachitis, but probably inert. Dose, 
twenty grains, or more. 

Dentifrice Powder op Phosphate op 

Lime. 
R. Phosphate of lime 

White bole 

Gum lac, each, 

Cinnamon 

Myrrh 
Powder well, and mix. 



eighteen parts 

twelve parts 

one part 

two parts 

Van Mans. 



137 

Dentifrice Electuary of Phosphate 

op Lime. 
R. Powdered phosphate of lime 

two ounces and a-half 



gum lac 


one ounce 


cinnamon one 


drachm and 




a-half 


cloves 


one scruple 


Syrup of lemon 


sufficient 


iq a soft electuary. 


Van Mons, 


CALENDULA 




Marygold. 





This is the officinal name of Calendula offici- 
iialis, a plant indigenous to Europe, and often 
cultivated in gardens in this country as a pot 
herb. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. necess. Nat. Syst. Asteracese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1304. Lindley, Flor. Med. 466. 

The parts used are the herb, flowers, and 
seed. Their smell is peculiar, and somewhat 
aromatic ; the taste is feebly bitter, and a little 
acrid. It was formerly much used, but had fallen 
into disuse, when, of late years, it has again 
been brought forward as a remedy in cancerous 
affections. 

Extract of Marygold. 
R. Marygold one part 

Tepid water four parts 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil for a 
quarter of an hour, express, boil residue 
with four parts of water, express, mix two 
decoctions, and evaporate to proper consis- 
tence. Guibourt. 

Pills of the Extract of Marygold. 
R. Extract of marygold 
cicuta 
Sub carbonate of iron, each, 

two drachms 
Powdered marygold one drachm and 
a-half 
Mix well, and divide into pills of two grains 
each. Five or six are to be taken three 
times a-day in schirrhous and cancerous 
affections. Rust. 

Lotion op Extract of Marygold. 
R. Extract of marygold 

cicuta, each, three drachms 

Cherry laurel water two ounces 

Tincture of opium half an ounce 

Mix. As a lotion to cancerous ulcerations. 

Radius. 

Infusion of Marygold. 
R. Marygold flowers three drachms 

Boiling water sufficient 

to obtain five ounces; infuse, and add to 
the strained liquid 



138 



CALOTROPIS— CAMPHOR A. 



Syrup of orange peel half an ounce 
Dose, two spoonfuls, three times a-day. 

Radius. 

Ointment of Marygold. 

R. Marygold flowers three drachms 

Water five fl. ounces 

Boil to three ounces, strain, and add 

Extract of marygold one drachm 

Tar two ounces 

Pyroligneous acid half an ounce 

Gum Arabic sufficient 

Mix. As an application to cancerous 

ulcers. Radius. 



CALOTROPIS. 

MUDAR. 



The Calotropis gigantea is a native of the 
East Indies, and is now naturalized in several 
of the West India Islands. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ascle- 



Brown, Tr. Wern. Soc. 1. 29. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 456. 

The part used is the bark of the root; this is 
of a whitish color, inodorous, but with a bitter, 
nauseous taste. It is purgative, alterative, and 
diaphoretic, and has been highly spoken of in 
the treatment of elephantiasis and lepra. Dose, 
three grains to thirty ; in the latter dose it is 
emetic and purgative. 

Infusion of Mudar. 

R . Mudar three drachms 

Boiling water eight ounces 

Infuse, and strain. As an alterative, one to 

two fl. drachms ; emetic, two fl. ounces. 

Cassanova. 

Pills of Mudar. 
R . Powdered mudar one drachm 

Honey sufficient 

Beat into mass, and divide into pills of 
four grains. Two or three to be taken a- 
day as alterative in lepra, &c. Cassanova. 

Oil of Mudar. 

R. Powdered mudar one drachm 

Olive oil seven ounces 

Infuse for half an hour over a water-bath, 

and strain. As an application to leprous 

Cassanova. 



CAMPHORA. 

Camphor. 

A peculiar white, crystallizable, semi-trans- 
parent, volatile product of several plants, but 
that used in medicine is obtained from the 
Camphora qfficinarum, an evergreen tree, of con- 
siderable size, indigenous to China, and other 
Asiatic countries. 



Sex. Syst. Enneand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lau- 
raceae. 

Nees. Laurin. 88. Griffith, Med. Bot. 553. 

It has narcotic, diaphoretic, sedative proper- 
ties, and is employed in a variety of diseases, 
and used externally, as an anodyne. The close 
is from three to ten grains. Camphor can be 
powdered by trituration, with a few drops of al- 
cohol. 

Camphor Powder. 
R. Camphor nine grains 

Sugar one drachm 

Mix, and divide into nine powders. 

lin. 



Compound Camphor Powder 
R. Powdered camphor 

Myrrh, each, two drachms 

Peruvian bark 

Chamomile, each, half an ounce 

Charcoal one ounce 

Mix. Dose two scruples, or more, in 

gangrene. Rust. 

R. Powdered camphor 

Benzoic acid, each, six grains 

Sugar one drachm 

Mix, and divide into four powders. As 
an antispasmodic and sedative. 

Saunders. 
R. Powdered gum Arabic one ounce 

orange peel 

sugar, each, two drachms 
camphor ten grains 

opium five grains 

Mix. A teaspoonful every hour. 

Amnion. 

Said to have been useful in cholera. 

Camphor Pills. 
R. Powdered camphor 

Sugar 

Starch 

Crumb of bread, each, one scruple 
Mix, and make twenty pills. Augustin. 

Compound Camphor Pills. 

R . Powdered camphor twenty-four grains 

musk eight grains 

opium two grains 

syrup sufficient 

Beat into a mass, and divide into six 

pills. In hospital gangrene. Dupuytren. 

Pills of Camphor and Lactucarium. 
R. Camphor 

Lactucarium, each, fifty grains 

Mix, and make twenty pills. Four to six 
daily, as anaphrodisiac. Ricord. 

Pills of Camphor and Musk. 
R. Camphor one scruple 

Musk ten grains 



CAMPHORA. 



139 



Grum ammoniac two scruples 

Opium four grains 

Mix, and divide into four grain pills. 

Dose, four or five in a day, in nervous 

disorders. Richard. 

Camphor Water. 
R. Camphor two drachms 

Alcohol forty minims 

Carbonate of magnesia one drachm 
Distilled water two pints 

Eub the camphor with the alcohol, then 
with the magnesia, and afterwards, with the 
water gradually added, filter. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one or two tablespoonfuls, to be repeat- 
ed as occasion may require. 

Camphor Water and Laudanum. 
R . Camphor water four fl. ounces 

Compound spirit of lavender 

two drachms 

Tincture of opium forty to fifty drops 

Mix. A tablespoonful, every two hours, 

in diarrhoea and dysentery. Ellis. 

Camphor Water and Nitric Acid. 
R. Camphor water four fl. ounces 

Nitric acid four drops 

Tincture of opium forty to fifty drops 
Mix. In the same dose, and in the same 
complaints, as the last. Ellis. 

R. Camphor water ten fl. drachms 

Laudanum forty drops 

Spirit of sulphuric ether 

one fl. drachm 

Syrup of poppies one fl. drachm 

Mix. To prevent a paroxysm of inter- 
mittent fever. To be given just before 
its accession. Gregory. 

Camphor Water and Hoffmann's 
Anodyne. 
R. Camphor water four fl. ounces 

Hoffmann's anodyne two fl. drachms 
Mix. A desertspoonful, every hour or 
two, in some demulcent drink. In ner- 
vous affections and sleeplessness in fevers. 

Ellis. 

Infusion of Camphor. 
R. Camphor 'one ounce 

Boiling water eight fl. ounces 

Pour water on camphor, and let stand till 
cold, keep in well-stopped bottle. Dose, 
a tablespoonful, every hour or two, in ner- 
vous per vigilium and nervous irritability. 

Ellis. 

Camphor Mixture. 

R. Powdered camphor one drachm 

gum Arabic 



white sugar, each, 

one drachm and a-half 

Tincture of opium forty drops 

Mint water four fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours, 

in low conditions of the system. Ellis. 



R. Powdered camphor 

gum Arabic 
sugar 
Cinnamon water 

Mix. To relieve the pain 



one scruple 

one drachm 

sufficient 

one ounce 

in dysmenor- 



rhoea. One-half to be given as soon as 

pain is felt, if not relieved in an hour or 

two, the remainder to be taken. Dewees. 

R. Powdered camphor half a drachm 

gum Arabic two drachms 

sugar three drachms 

vinegar half an ounce 

water six ounces 

Mix. As a stimulant. Phoebus. 

Emulsion of Camphor. 
R. Camphor 

Olive oil, each, one drachm 

Powdered gum Arabic half an ounce 
Water four fl. ounces 

Triturate the camphor and oil together, 
until uniformly mixed ; add the gum, and 
then the water gradually, triturating till 
the emulsion is formed. W. Procter. 

Camphor and Milk. 
R. Camphor one drachm 

Boiling milk four fl. ounces 

Dissolve. To be used as the last. Ellis. 

Camphor with Myrrh. 

R. Powdered camphor one drachm 

myrrh half a drachm 

sugar two drachms 

water six fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours. 

Ellis. 

Tincture of Camphor. 

R. Camphor four ounces 

Alcohol two pints 

Dissolve. U. S. Ph. 

Chiefly vised as an anodyne embrocation. 

Tincture of Camphor and Saffron. 
R 



one ounce 

one scruple 

one pint 

Guibourt. 



Camphor 
Saffron 
Alcohol 
Macerate for a day, and filter 
As a lotion, or fomentation. 

Ethereal Tincture of Camphor. 
R. Camphor one ounce 

Sulphuric ether eight fl. ounces 

Dissolve. Swediaur. 



140 



CAMPHORA. 



Dose, twenty to thirty drops, in wine, as a 
stimulant and antispasmodic. 

Mixture of Tincture or Camphor. 
B. Tincture of camphor 

Goulard's extract equal parts 

Mix. As a lotion, several times a-day, to 
parts disposed to ulcerate by constant de- 
cubitus. Toft, 

Mixture of Camphor and Chloro- 
form. 

one drachm 
half fl. drachm 



R 



Camphor 

Chloroform 
Mix, and add 

Yolk of egg one 

Triturate, and add gradually 

Water six fl. ounces 

As a stimulant. Dose, two fl. drachms to 
fl. half ounce. 



Mixture of Camphor and Ether. 



Camphor water 
Sulphuric ether 
Syrup 
Hot water 



one ounce 

one scruple 

one ounce 

two pints 



Mix. In spoonful doses in gout in the 
stomach. Pierquin. 

B. Camphor one scruple 

Sulphuric ether two drachms 

Dissolve, and add 

Laudanum twenty drops 

Cinnamon water six ounces 

Mix. A spoonful every three or four hours 

as a stimulant. Augustin. 

Camphor Liniment. 
B • Camphor half an ounce 

Olive oil two fl. ounces 

Dissolve the camphor in the oil. U. S. Ph. 
As an anodyne embrocation. 

Compound Camphor Liniment. 
B- Camphor two ounces and a-half 

Solution of ammonia, 

seven fl. ounces and a-half 

Spirit of lavender one pint 

Mix solution of ammonia with the spirit; 
then, from a glass retort, by a slow fire, 
distil a pint; dissolve camphor in the dis- 
tilled fluid. Lond. Ph. 
A rubefacient and anodyne embrocation. 

B. Camphor one drachm 

Oil of chamomile 

Wine of opium, each, 

Oil of hyoscyamus 
Mix. 



two drachms 
one ounce 
Augustin. 

Liniment of Camphor and Vinegar. 

B. Tincture of camphor three fl. ounces 

Acetic acid one fl. drachm 



Mix. As a lotion or embrocation. Ellis. 

Ethereal Camphor Liniment. 
B. Soft soap 

Alcohol, each, one ounce 

Dissolve, and add 

Camphor half an ounce 

Dissolved in 

Sulphuric ether one fl. ounce 

As an embrocation. Saunders. 

Ward's Essence for Headache. 

B. Camphor two ounces 

Rectified spirit fourteen ounces 

Water of ammonia two ounces 

Oil of lavender half an ounce 

Mix. As an application to the forehead, 

&c, in headache. Redwood. 

Camphor Water Mixture. 
B. Camphor water 

Solution of acetate of ammonia, each, 
half fl. ounce 
Antimonial wine 

Tincture of opium, each, twenty drops 
Mix. To be taken at bedtime, as a stimu- 
lating diaphoretic. Ellis. 

Camphor Clyster. 
B. Camphor one drachm 

Olive oil two ounces 

Mix. An excellent enema in cases of 
ascarides, to be used for three or four suc- 
cessive nights. Ellis. 
B. Common clyster two pints 

Camphor two drachms 

Yolk of egg one 

Mix. A fourth part to be injected at a 
time, to be employed as occasion may re- 
quire in low fevers. +Chaussier. 

Camphor Ointment. 
B. Lard 

Suet 

Oil of bayberries 

Wax, each, 
Melt together, and add 

Camphor 
Said to be efficacious as an application to 
Radius. 



half an ounce 



one drachm 



chilblains 

B. Fresh butter 

Spermaceti 

White wax 
Melt together, and add 

Powdered camphor 

Oxide of zinc, each, 
To be applied in chronic inflammation of 
eyelids, to the affected parts, at night. 

Maternite. 
B. Camphor one drachm 

Basilicon ointment one ounce 



three drachms 
two drachms 
three ounces 



three grains 



CANELLA-CANTHARIS. 



141 



Soap half an ounce 

Powdered mustard one scruple 

Mix. As an external application in lum- 
bago. Ferriar. 

Camphor Collyrium. 
R. Camphor water six fl. ounces 

Solution acetate of 

ammonia two fl. ounces 

Mix. A mild astringent, stimulant in in- 
flammation of the eyes. Ellis. 

Liniment or Camphor and Turpen- 
tine. 
R. Oil of turpentine fifteen parts 

Camphor one part 

Mix. As a stimulating embrocation. 

Beral. 
Nitrate oe Camphor. 
R. Nitric acid at will 

Camphor sufficient 

to saturate. Decant. Ten drops every 
two hours on sugar, or in syrup, in chronic 
pleurisy. Also used as a friction in rheu- 
matism and palsy. Van Mons. 

Camphorated Cough Mixture. 

R. Camphor half a scruple 

Mucilage of gum Arabic three ounces 
Syrup of mallows one ounce and a-half 

Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours. 

Saunders. 



CANELLA. 

Canella. 

This is the bark of the Canella alba, a large 
tree, native of Jamaica and other West India 
islands. 

Sex. Syst. Dodecand. monog. Nat. Syst. Me- 
liacese. 

Swartz. Trans. Linn.Soc. 1. 96. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 181. 

The part used is the bark, which is of a pale 
orange-yellow colour, with an aromatic odor, and 
warm, bitterish, pungent taste. It is principally- 
used as an adjuvant to other remedies. The dose, 
as a stimulant, is from ten grains to a scruple. 



ous exudation, which is narcotic and intoxicating. 
They have been recommended in a variety of 
diseases of a formidable character. 

Extract of Hemp. 
R. Dried hemp tops at will 

Boil in alcohol until all the resinous mat- 
ter is dissolved; strain, and evaporate to 
proper consistence. 0' Shaughnessy. 

Has been given with success in tetanus, hydro- 
phobia, cholera, &c. Dose, ten grains. To be 
increased as occasion may require. 

Tincture of Hemp. 
R. Extract of hemp twenty-four grains 
Diluted alcohol one fl. ounce 

Dissolve. In tetanus, one drachm every 
half hour, till some effect is produced. In 
cholera, ten drops every half hour. 

0' Shaughnessy. 

Emulsion of Hemp-seed. 

R. Hemp-seed bruised six drachms 

G-um Arabic one drachm 

Parsley water five fl. ounces 

Rub together so as to form emulsion, strain, 

and add 

Syrup of balsam of Peru one ounce 
A spoonful every hour in gonorrhoea. 

Radius. 
Resin of Hemp. 
R. Dried hemp tops, bruised, at will 

Macerate several times in warm water, and 
then in a solution of carbonate of soda; 
afterwards, wash well with water, pressing 
after each operation. Dry, and digest in 
rectified spirit, to which milk of lime, con- 
taining an ounce of lime to each pound of 
hemp tops, has been added. Filter, add a 
slight excess of sulphuric acid ; again filter, 
distil off most of the spirit, add to the resi- 
due three or four times its bulk of water, 
evaporate the rest of the spirit, decant the 
water, wash and dry. Dose, two-thirds of 
a grain. Smith. 



CANNABIS. 
Hemp. 

The Cannabis sativa is an annual plant, a na- 
tive of Asia, but generally cultivated in Europe 
and the United States. The East Indian plant 
is more powerful in its action on the system than 
that growing in more temperate climates. 

Sex. Syst. Dicec. pentand. Nat. Syst. Canna- 
binaceaj. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1457. Griffith, Med. Bot. 572. 

The parts used are the seeds, the leaves, and 
the stems : the two latter are covered with a resin- 



CANTHARIS. 

Spanish Fly. 

The Canthaiis vesicaloria is an insect inhabiting 
those parts of Europe in which the vine grows 
naturally. It has a fetid odor and an acrid 
taste. The body is oblong, of a golden green 
color. Spanish flies are stimulant, diuretic, 
rubefacient, and vesicant. They are used inter- 
nally in dropsies, and in various disorders of the 
urinary organs; externally, to irritate or vesicate. 
Several species are natives of the United States, 
which are not inferior in their powers to the 
foreign insect. Dose, one to two grains. 

Powder of Cantiiarides and Savtne. 
R. Powdered cantiiarides two grains 



142 CANTHARIS. 

savine one drachm 

Mix, and divide into four powders. One 
to be taken at night, as an enimenagogue, 
watching its effects closely. Ellis. 

Powder of Cantharides and Camphor. 
R. Powdered cantharides four grains 

camphor eight grains 

Sugar of milk three drachms 

Mix, and divide into eight powders, one to 
be given twice a-day as a diuretic. 

Augustin. 
R. Powdered cantharides eighteen grains 
opium 
camphor, each, 

thirty-six grains 
Mix, and form into thirty-six pills. One 
to be taken at bedtime, in cases of ini- 
potency from general debility. Ellis. 

Extract of Cantharides. 
R. Cantharides at will 

Digest, in four or five times their weight of 
alcohol; filter, repeat operation, unite the 
two tinctures, and evaporate. Soubeiran. 

Pills of Cantharides and Iron. 
R. Powdered cantharides one scruple 
Subcarbonate of iron two scruples 
Extract of liquorice one drachm 

Form a mass, and divide into pills of one 
grain each. Dose, three or four, three times 
a-day, gradually augmenting the dose. As 
a diuretic. Meissner. 

Pills of Cantharides and Capsicum. 

R. Powdered cantharides five grains 

capsicum eight grains 

camphor one scruple 

guaiacum one drachm 

Tincture of colocynth sufficient 

Form mass, and divide into eighty pills. 

Dose, one, gradually increasing to four or 

five, twice a-day, in paraplegia. Sundelin. 

Infusion of Cantharides. 

R. Cantharides one scruple 

Boiling water sufficient 

to obtain three ounces of infusion, after 

digesting for half an hour, and straining. 

Soubeiran. 

Emulsion of Cantharides. 

R. Cantharides one scruple 

Sweet almonds six drachms 

Sugar one ounce 

Beat together, and gradually rub up with 

Lime water ten ounces 

Strain. A spoonful every two or three 

hours in neuralgia, and in catarrh of the 

bladder. Berends. 



R. Cantharides half a drachm 

Sweet almonds one ounce 

Sugar half an ounce 

Beat together, and make an emulsion with 
Hot water ten ounces 

Strain. A spoonful, every two or three 

hours, in hooping-cough. Huf eland. 

Vinegar of Cantharides. 

R. Powdered cantharides two ounces 

Acetic acid one pint 

Macerate for eight days, express, and 

filter. Lond, Ph. 

As an epispastic, or as a rubefacient lotion. 

Tincture of Cantharides. 

R. Cantharides, bruised, one ounce 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. U. S. Ph. 

A very convenient mode of administering 
cantharides. Dose, from twenty drops to a fluid 
drachm. Also useful as a rubefacient. 

Camphorated Tincture of Canthari- 
des. 

R . Tincture of cantharides half an ounce 
Camphor three drachms 

Alcohol two ounces 

Mix. As a rubefacient. Pierquin. 

Compound Tincture of Cantharides. 
R. Cantharides one drachm 

Mustard 
Black pepper 

Camphor, each, half an ounce 

Garlic one head 

Vinegar six ounces 

Alcohol twelve ounces 

Macerate for some days, express, and filter. 

Said to be very effectual as a rubefacient 

lotion in rheumatism, &c. Foy. 

R. Tincture of cantharides. 

Extract of rosemary, each, 

one drachm 
Solution of carbonate 

of potassa one drachm and a-half 

Water four ounces 

Mix. As a lotion to promote the growth 

of hair, where it has been lost from an 

eruption, or from fever. Sachse. 

Tincture of Cantharides and Guaia- 
cum. 
R. Powdered cantharides one drachm 
guaiacum forty-five grains 
Contused rhubarb one drachm and a- 
half 
shell lac half a drachm 
Alcohol twelve fl. ounces 

Digest, and strain. Dose, from thirty to 



fifty drops, night and morning, in some 
demulcent. In gleet. Ellis. 

Ethereal Tincture op Cantharides. 

R. Powdered cantharides one part 

Acetic ether sixteen parts 

Digest for eight clays, express, and filter. 

Foy. 

As a rubefacient and vesicant lotion ; it is very- 
energetic. 

Ethereal Extract op Cantharides. 
R. Powdered cantharides at will 

Sulphuric ether sufficient 

treat the powder with the ether in a dis- 
placement funnel, properly arranged, until 
exhausted, and distil off the ether. Flies 
yield 8 per cent, of this extract. It is em- 
ployed for increasing the activity of blis- 
tering plasters, and for admixture with 
wax to make blistering tissue paper. 

Soubeiran. 

Camphorated Ethereal Tincture op 

Cantharides. 
R. Powdered cantharides one part 

Nitrate of camphor three parts 

Alcohol fifty-six parts 

Digest and express, and filter at the end 
of a few days. Advised in dropsy, in the 
dose of ten to twenty drops, in white 
wine. Van Mon-s. 

Oil op Cantharides. 
R. Cantharides one part 

Olive oil eight parts 

Digest for six hours on a water-bath, ex- 
press, and filter. Guibourt. 

An active vesicant. 

R. Cantharides one part 

Oil of rosemary eight parts 

Digest for fifteen days, express, and filter. 

Beral. 

More active than the 



Liniment of Cantharides. 

R. Powdered cantharides one ounce 

Oil of turpentine half a pint 

Digest for three hours over a water-bath, 

and strain. U. S. Ph. 

An active stimulant when applied to the skin ; 
used with success in the low stages of typhus 
fevers. Requires caution in its use. 

Liniment op Cantharides and Cam- 
phor. 
R. Camphor three drachms 

Dissolve in 

Liniment of cantharides half fl. ounce 
Add, 

Strong mercurial ointment 

Simple ointment, each, one ounce 



CANTHARIS. 143 

Mix, and form liniment. In low stages of 
fever, where the object is to arouse the 
system, and to affect it with mercury; 
also as an application to tumors. Ellis. 

Decoction op Cantharides in Turpen- 
tine. 
R. Cantharides in powder four ounces 
Oil of turpentine twelve ounces 

Mix in a flask, place this in a salt-bath, 
and heat for four hours; then dissolve with 
oil of turpentine until twelve fl. ounces 
are obtained. Dr. Hartsliorne. 

Liniment of Cantharides and Soap. 

R. Tincture of cantharides half an ounce 

Liquid ammonia an ounce and a half 

Turpentine soap two ounces 

Spirit of turpentine one ounce 

of camphor eight ounces 

Mix. A powerful rubefacient. Niemann. 

R. Cantharides, in fine 

powder, one pound 

Yellow wax 
Resin 
Lard, each, eight ounces 

Melt the wax, resin, and lard, together, 

and add the cantharides, stirring constantly 

till cold. U. S. Ph. 

The common blistering plaster. 

Cantharides Ointment. 
R. Cantharides, in powder, two ounces 
Distilled water half a pint 

Resin cerate eight ounces 

Boil down the cantharides in the water to 
one-half, strain, add cerate, and evaporate 
to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 

As a stimulating dressing to blisters. 

R. Spanish flies, in fine powder, 

Olive oil, each, six ounces 

Oil of turpentine three ounces 

Yellow wax 

Resin, each, four ounces 

Mix the first three ingredients, place on a 
water-bath, and continue heat till the 
turpentine, has nearly evaporated, stirring 
occasionally. Then add the wax and resin, 
previously melted together, and heat till 
well incorporated ; remove from fire, and 
stir till cold. W. Procter. 

R. Powdered Spanish flies four ounces 

Boiling water twenty fl. ounces 

Macerate for twelve hours, and evaporate 
by a gentle heat to the consistence of 
syrup; add 

Yellow wax four ounces 

Resin 

Olive oil 



144 



CAPSICUM. 



Spirit of turpentine, each, one ounce 
Alcohol two ounces 

Incorporate well by stirring. Said to be 
active, to spread well, and not to deterio- 
rate by keeping. Martin. 

Plaster with Cantharides. 
R. Purified Burgundy pitch 
elemi 
Oil of Spanish flies, each, sixty parts 
Yellow wax 
Spanish flies 

Sulphuric ether, each, one hundred 
and twenty-five parts 
Powdered camphor twenty parts 

Put the cantharides in a bottle, add the 
ether, cork, and let rest for eight days, 
Melt by a gentle heat the pitch, wax, 
elemi, and oil, add the Spanish flies, and 
keep in fusion for two hours, stirring oc- 
casionally; finally, mix the camphor. 

Houdbine. 

Compound Cantharides Plaster. 
R. Venice turpentine four ounces and 

a-half 
Burgundy pitch 
Cantharides, each, 
White mustard seed 
Black pepper, each, 
Bees'-wax 
Verdigris 

Melt wax and Burgundy pitch, add tur- 
pentine, and, while hot, add other ingre- 
dients in fine powder. Stir till cold. 

Ed. Ph. 
A powerful and speedy vesicant. 

Camphorated Cantharides Plaster. 
R. Plaster of melilot 
Melt, and add 

Powdered cantharides 

Camphor 
As a vesicant. 



three ounces 

two drachms 

one ounce 

half an ounce 



two ounces 



six drachms 

half a drachm 

Spielmann. 

Issue Ointment. 

R. Powdered Spanish flies half an ounce 
Rose water two fl. ounces 

Boil, and add 

Tartar emetic fifteen grains 

Evaporate to one-half, strain, and add 
Olive oil three ounces 

White wax one ounce and a-half 

Spermaceti one ounce 

Boil till all moisture is evaporated. Used 

as a stimulating application to issues. 

Pliy •side. 

Cantharides Pomatum. 
R. Powdered Spanish flies one drachm 
Alcohol one ounce 



to 



one ounce 



two ounces 

the cheek in 

Van Mons. 



Macerate, and filter. Ten parts of this 
tincture are to be well incorporated with 
ninety parts of lard. Said to be very ef- 
fectual in preventing the hair from falling 
off. Dupuytren. 

Odontalgic Plaster with Cantha- 
rides. 
R. Pitch 

Resin, each, 
Melt together, and add 
Storax 

Cantharides, each, 
As an irritant plaster 
cases of toothache. 

Stimulating Liniment. 
R. Tincture of cantharides one fl. drachm 
Soap liniment six drachms 

Mix. In indolent chilblains. Wardrop. 

Aromatic Cantharides Liniment. 
R. Tincture of cantharides 

Oil of thyme 

Solution of ammonia equal parts 

Mix. A powerful rubefacient. Augustin. 

Blistering Court Plaster. 
R. Cantharides one drachm and a-half 
Acetic ether two ounces 

Infuse for eight days, decant, and add 

Resin two drachms 

Spread on court plaster. As a mild vesi- 
cant. Cadet. 

Shampoo Liquid. 
R. Rum three quarts 

Alcohol one pint 

Water one pint 

Tincture of cantharides half an ounce 
Carbonate of ammonia half an ounce 
Carbonate of potassa one ounce 

Dissolve the carbonates in the water, and 
add the solution to the other ingredients 
mixed together, and shake up well. To 
remove dandruff from the hair, by moist- 
ening it with the mixture, rubbing, so as 
to form a lather, and then washing with 
cold water. Morfit. 



CAPSICUM. 
Cayenne Pepper. 



Several species of capsicum are used iinrler the 
above officinal, as C. baccatum, C. frutescens, §■<:., 
but that usually recognized is Cannuum, a native 
of Asia, but now generally cultivated in Europe 
and America. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Solana- 
ceag. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 270. Griffith, Med. Bot. 497. 

Capsicum has a pungent smell, and a hot, bit- 
terish, acrid taste. It is an active stimulant, 



CARBO ANIMALIS. 



145 



and rubefacient. Dose, five to ten grains in 
powder or pill. 

Cayenne Pepper Pills. 
R. Powdered cayenne pepper one drachm 

Crumb of bread 

Distilled water, eacb, sufficient 

Rub into mass, and form twelve pills. 
One, three or four times a-day. In de- 
bility of the stomach, especially from in- 
temperance. Ellis. 

R . Powdered cayenne pepper one scruple 
Extract of gentian one drachm 

Powdered gentian sufficient 

Form mass, and divide into sixty pills. 

In chronic dyspepsia. Radius. 

Cayenne Pepper Lozenges. 
R. Cayenne pepper three drachms 

Ginger 

Horseradish, each, two drachms 

Sugar one ounce 

Conserve of roses one drachm 

Mix, and make thirty lozenges. One to 
be chewed occasionally in catarrhal deaf- 
ness. Fosbroke. 

Infusion op Cayenne Pepper. 
R. Cayenne pepper three drachms 

Boiling water half a pint 

Infuse, and strain. Dose, half a fl. ounce. 

Cayenne Pepper Gargle. 
R . Tincture of cayenne 

pepper half fl. ounce 

Rose water eight fl. ounces 

Mix. 
R. Powdered cayenne 

pepper two tablespoonfuls 

Common salt a teaspoonful 

Boiling vinegar 

water, each, half a pint 

Infuse for an hour, and strain. In bad 
cases of scarlatina. Chapman. 

R. Powdered cayenne 

pepper half an ounce 

Magnesia one drachm 
Boiling water 

vinegar, each, eight ounces 

Infuse, and strain. Used in same cases, 
and in same manner as above. Ileadley. 

Tincture of Cayenne Pepper. 
R. Cayenne pepper one ounce 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 

U. S. Ph. 

As a stimulant in low states of fever with gastric 
insensibility. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Also 
used in a diluted state as gargle. 

10 



Tincture of Cayenne Pepper and 

Cantharides. 

R. Cayenne pepper one drachm 

Cantharides ten drachms 

Alcohol one pint 

Digest for two days, and filter. Dose, ten 

drops. Coxe. 

Vinegar of Cayenne Pepper. 
R. Cayenne pepper one part 

Vinegar six parts 

Digest for some days, and filter. In doses 
of half a drachm to a drachm, in passive 
dropsies. Beral. 

Cayenne Pepper Cataplasm. 

R. Powdered cayenne pepper one ounce 
Ground mustard 

Common soap, each, three ounces 

Alcohol sufficient 

Mix. An active rubefacient. 



Lotion of Cayenne Pepper. 
R. Tincture of cayenne pepper 
camphor, each, 

four ounces 
Solution of ammonia two ounces 

Mix. A very powerful rubefacient. 

Amnion. 



CARBO ANIMALIS. 

Animal Charcoal. 

This article is prepared by charring animal 
substances, usually bones. It requires purifica- 
tion for internal use. 

Purified Animal Charcoal. 
R. Animal charcoal one pound 

Muriatic acid 

Water, each, twelve fl. ounces 

Mix the acid and water, and pour on char- 
coal; digest for two days, occasionally stir- 
ring. Decant, and wash the charcoal several 
times with water and dry it. U. S. Ph. 

Weise advises it made thus, 
R. Lean of beef or mutton two parts 
Broken bones one part 

Char by a moderate fire in a coffee-roaster, 
let cool and pulverize. 

Has been given with advantage in scrofulous 
diseases, chronic glandular swellings, &c, in 
doses of ten to twenty grains. 

Powder of Animal Charcoal. 
R . Animal charcoal four grains 

Sugar one drachm 

Mix. To be taken morning and evening, 
in scrofula. Wcise. 

R. Animal charcoal six grains 

Burnt sponge twelve grains 



146 



CARBO LIGNI-CARBO MINERALIS. 



Powdered liquorice root half a drachm 
Mix, and form six powders, one to be taken 
morning and night, in schirrhous goitre. 

Riecke. 
R. Animal charcoal four grains 

Powdered liquorice root four scruples 
Mix, and divide into eight powders, one to 
be taken morning and evening, dry; a little 
water drank afterwards. After the eight 
powders are taken, increase the dose, by 
half a grain at a time, to four grains. In 
scirrhous tumors, in mammae. A spare 
diet to be observed. Weise. 

R. Animal charcoal one scruple 

Subcarbonate of iron 

Sugar, each, two scruples 

Mix, and divide into ten powders. One 
three or four times a-day in incipient hy- 
pertrophy of the womb or ovaries. Claries. 

Ointment of Animal Charcoal. 
R . Animal charcoal one part 

Lard two parts 

Rub together. Giordano. 

R. Animal charcoal half an ounce 

Ointment of mallows six drachms 
Mix. As a friction to glandular engorge- 
ments. Radius. 



CARBO LIGNI. 

Charcoal 

Is employed in medicine as an antiseptic and 
absorbent, and has been found useful in dyspepsia, 
&c. It also enters into the composition of poul- 
tices, &c. 

Charcoal Dentifrice Powder. 

R . Powdered charcoal four parts 

Peruvian bark two parts 

myrrh one part 

Mix. Phoebus. 

R. Powdered charcoal three drachms 

Peruvian bark two drachms 

calamus one drachm 

myrrh half a drachm 

Oil of cloves three drops 

Mix. Sartori. 

R. Powdered charcoal 

red saunders 
orange peel 
Peruvian bark 
cremor tartar, each, 

one drachm 

Oil of bergamot twenty drops 

Mix. Schubarth. 

Powder of Charcoal and Quassia. 
R. Powdered charcoal six drachms 



quassia 
Magnesia, each, one drachm 

Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, two or three 
times a-day, in pyrosis. Heim. 

Charcoal Lozenges. 
R. Powdered charcoal 

sugar, each, one ounce 

chocolate three ounces 

Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient 

Beat together, and form lozenges of eigh- 
teen grains. For fetid breath. 

Chevallier. 
Charcoal Electuary. 
R. Powdered charcoal 

Carbonate of soda, each, one drachm 
Electuary of senna two ounces 

Mix. Two or three teaspoonfuls a-day in 
obstinate constipation. Radius. 

R. Powdered charcoal 
orris root 
Peruvian bark, each, 

one scruple 

Tincture of myrrh half a drachm 

Clarified honey sufficient 

Mix. Used as a dentifrice. Radius. 

Ointment of Charcoal. 
R. Powdered charcoal 

Storax ointment, each, one ounce 

Camphor 

Myrrh, each, two drachms 

Spirit of turpentine sufficient 

Rub well together. As a dressing to 
fetid ulcers. Rust. 

Charcoal Cataplasm. 
R . Freshly prepared charcoal sufficient 
Mix with 

Simple cataplasm in a tepid state. 

Dub. Ph. 
As an application to foul and gangrenous 
ulcers. 

R. Powdered charcoal half an ounce 

Cataplasm of chamomile five pounds 

Mix. As above. Brera. 

Charcoal Suppository. 
R. Cork charcoal 

Wax, each, one part 

Fresh butter two parts 

Mix. As a suppository in hemorrhoids. 
Cadet. 



CARBO MINERALIS. 

Mineral Coal. 
Anthracokali. 
R. Carbonate of potassa six ounces 

Lime three and a-half ounces 



CARBONIS IODIDUM— CARDAMOMUM. 



147 



Water four pints 

Proceed as in making liquor potassa, and 
concentrate the clear solution, by boiling 
in an iron pot, till an oily looking liquid 
remains, then stir in five ounces of finely 
powdered mineral coal; remove from the 
fire, and continue stirring till the whole is 
reduced to an uniform powder, which is to 
be immediately put in small, well-stopped 
bottles. Polya. 

Much recommended in cutaneous diseases, 
scrofula, chronic rheumatism, &c. Dose, two 
grains, twice or thrice a-day. 

Powder of Anthracokali. 
R. Anthracokali two grains 

Powdered liquorice five grains 

Mix. Two to four times a-day. Polya. 

Compound Powder of Anthracokali. 

R. Anthracokali two grains 

Washed sulphur three to five grains 
Powdered liquorice two to three grains 

Mix. In psora, &c. Polya. 

R. Anthracokali two grains 

Calomel sixth of a grain 

Powdered liquorice three grains 

Mix. In syphilitic eruptions. Polya. 

R. Anthracokali 

Golden sulphuret of 

antimony half a grain 

Powdered liquorice three grains 

Mix. Polya. 

Sulphuretted Anthracokali. 
R. Prepared like the simple anthraco- 
kali, adding four drachms of sulphur to 
the coal, and dissolving, &c, as above. 
The dose and uses are the same. Polya. 



CARBONIS IODIDUM. 

Iodide of Carbon. 

R. Tincture of iodine two fl. ounces 

Solution of potassa sufficient 

Add the solution of potassa to the tincture, 

till the latter loses its color, then add 

Distilled water sufficient 

to precipitate the iodide, separate and dry 
by a gentle heat. 

Ointment of Iodide of Carbon. 
R. Iodide of carbon half a drachm 

Simple ointment six drachms 

Rub together. As an application to en- 
larged glands, and obstinate cutaneous af- 
fections. Litchfield. 



CARDAMINE. 



Cuckoo Flower. 

This is the Cardamine Pratensis, a small her- 
baceous plant, a native of Europe, and also found 
in the more northern parts of America. 

Sex. Syst. Tetrad, siliquos. Nat. Syst. Brassi- 
cacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 915. Baker, Med. Trans. 1.442. 

The part employed is the flowers, which are 
said to be diuretic and antispasmodic. It is not 
used in this country, and appears to be little 
deserving of notice. 



CARDAMOMUM. 

Cardamom. 

Under the name of Cardamom a variety of 
aromatic capsules have been used in medicine, 
all possessing the same properties and somewhat 
the same appearance. That recognized by the 
U. S. Pharm. is the product of the EUetaria Car- 
damomum, a native of Malabar. 

Sex. Syst. Monand. monog. Nat. Syst. Zingi- 



Maton. Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 254. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 633. 

The part used is the seeds ; these are angular, 
somewhat rough, of a reddish or brownish colour, 
with an agreeable fragrant odour, and a warm, 
aromatic taste. They are seldom used alone, 
being chiefly employed in compound prepara- 
tions. 

Aromatic Powder. 
R. G-inger 

Cinnamon, each, two ounces 

Cardamom seeds 

Nutmeg, grated, each, one ounce 

Mix, and rub together into fine powder. 
U. S. Ph. 

Stimulant and carminative. Dose, ten to thirty 
grains, in dyspepsia with flatulence. 

Aromatic Confection. 

R. Aromatic powder five ounces and a-half 

Powdered saffron half an ounce 

Syrup of orange peel six ounces 

Clarified honey two ounces 

Rub together, and beat into a mass. 

U. & Pharm. 
Used as a stimulant to the stomach, in doses 
of ten to sixty grains. 

Tincture of Cardamom. 
R. Cardamom, bruised, four ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 

A pleasant aromatic stimulant. Dose, one to 
two fl. drachms. 



148 

Compound Tincture op Cardamom. 
R. Powdered cardamom 

caraway, each, two drachms 

and a-half 

cochineal one drachm 

cinnamon five drachms 

Raisins five ounces 

Proof spirit two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. Lond. Ph. 

An agreeable aromatic and carminative, in the 

dose of one or two fl. drachms. 

Syrup of Cardamom. 
R. Cardamom water one part 

Sugar two parts 

Dissolve, and boil to proper consistence. 
Taddei. 
Ethereal Extract of Cardamom. 
R . Cardamom in powder at will 

Sulphuric ether sufficient 

Treat, till twice the weight of the seed 
is obtained. Evaporate spontaneously un- 
til deprived of ether. This extract is fluid, 
and consists of volatile and fixed oil. It 
may be used for aromatizing powders, or 
as an addition to pills. W. Procter. 



CAROTA— CARUM. 



CAROTA. 

Carrot. 

The seeds and root of the common carrot, 
Daucus carota, a native of Europe, but now ex- 
tensively naturalized in the United States, and 
generally cultivated as an esculent in both coun- 
tries. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiaceas. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 348. Griffith, Med. Bot. 337. 

The parts used are the seeds and root; the 
former are aromatic, and have a pungent, bitter- 
ish taste ; the root of the wild carrot has a strong 
smell, and an acrid, disagreeable taste; both 
these are similar in their remedial effects, being 
aromatic and diuretic. The root of the cultivated 
variety is milder, and is not used internally, but 
has much reputation as an external application to 
foul ulcers, &c. 

Infusion of Carrot Seeds. 

R. Carrot seed half an ounce — one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse. To be taken during the day as a 

diuretic, in dropsy and nephritic complaints. 

Cataplasm of Carrot Root. 
R . Root of garden carrot at will 

Scrape down to a pulp. As an application 
to foul and cancerous ulcers. Wood. 

R. Root of garden carrot at will 

Boil till soft, and mash. Dub. Ph. 

This acts merely as an emollient, and is not 
possessed of any virtues beyond those of the 
common poultice. 



Extract of Carrot Root. 
R. Clarified juice of carrot root at will 
Evaporate on a water-bath to the consist- 
ence of honey. Swediaur. 
As an application to ulcerated cancers. 

Carrot Ointment. 
R . Carrot root, grated, one pound 

Lard twenty ounces 

Yellow wax two ounces 

Heat them together till the water of vege- 
tation is driven off, and the fat has acquired 
a yellow color; then strain for use. 

W. Procter. 



CARTHAMUS. 

Safflower. 

This is the florets of Carthamus tinctorius, a 
native of the Levant and Egypt, but cultivated 
in other parts of Europe and in the United 
States. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. sequal. Nat. Syst. Aster- 
acese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1162. Griffith, Med. Bot. 410. 

The seeds were formerly much used in medi- 
cine, but are at present seldom resorted to. The 
florets are somewhat stimulant, and, in warm 
infusion, diaphoretic, and are used as a substitute 
for saffron. 

Infusion of Safflower. 
R. Safflower two drachms 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse, and strain. 

Used in domestic practice in the exanthemata, 
to bring out the eruption. 



CARUM. 

Caraway. 

Caraway seeds are the product of Carum carui, 
an umbelliferous plant, a native of Europe, and 
cultivated both there and in this country. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 378. Griffith, Med. Bot. 318. 

The seeds, the only part used, are of a brown- 
ish color, with a fragrant but peculiar odor, and 
an aromatic, warm taste. They are a pleasant 
aromatic and carminative. Dose, in powder, 
from a scruple to a drachm. 

Caraway "Water. 
R. Caraway seeds, 

bruised, one pound and a-half 

Proof spirits seven fl. ounces 

Water two gallons 

Mix. Distil a gallon. Lond. Ph. 

Infusion of Caraway. 
R. Caraway seeds two drachms 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse, and strain. Wood. 

In flatulent colic of infants. 



CARYOPHYLLUS. 



149 



Spirit or Caraway. 

R. Bruised caraway twenty-two ounces 
Proof spirit one gallon 

Water two pints 

Mix, and distil one gallon. Loud. Ph. 

As a carminative. In doses of one to two 
fl. drachms. 

Oil of Caraway. 

R. Caraway seeds at will 

"Water sufficient 

Macerate for some time, distil, and separate 

the oil. Van. Mons. 

Embrocation of Caraway. 
R. Oil of caraway 

peppermint, each, one scruple 
olives one ounce 

Wine of opium half a fl. drachm 

Mix. As an embrocation on the abdo- 
men of infants in colic Radius. 



CARYOPHYLLUS. 

Cloves. 

Cloves are the unexpanded flowers of Caryo- 
phyllus aromaticus, a small tree, a native of the 
Molucca islands, and also cultivated in many- 
other parts of the East Indies. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Myr- 
tacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 735. Griffith, Med. Bot. 298. 

Cloves are somewhat nail shaped, of a brown 
color, with a strong fragrant smell, and a per- 
manent, pungent, aromatic taste. They are 
highly stimulating, and are given as a carmina- 
tive, and excitant of the gastric functions, in 
the dose of five to ten grains, but are more used 
as an adjunct to various officinal compounds. 

Infusion of Cloves. 
R. Bruised cloves two drachms 

Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for two hours in a covered ves- 
sel, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, from one to two fl. ounces. 

Clove Water. 

R. Bruised cloves one part 

Water eight parts 

Digest for twelve hours, and distil twelve 

parts. As a stimulant and carminative. 

Cottereau. 

Spirit of Cloves. 

R. Bruised cloves one part 

Alcohol eight parts 

Macerate for some days, and distil eight 

parts. Guibourt. 

Tincture of Cloves. 
R. Bruised cloves one part 

Alcohol eight parts 



Treat with one-half the alcohol at a time, 
and filter. Beral. 



Wine of Cloves. 
Bruised cloves 

each, 



one drachm 
one pint 



As a fomentation. 



Red wine 
Boil, and strain. 



Oil of Cloves. 
R. Bruised cloves at will 

Water sufficient 

Macerate for some time, distil, return the 
product, and redistil several times, sepa- 
rate the oil, which sinks to the bottom. 

Van Mons. 
Dose, two to six drops. 

Aromatic Balsam of Cloves. 
R. Oil of cloves 

nutmeg, each, one scruple 

Spirit of juniper berries two ounces 
Mix. As a stimulating friction. Bories. 

Odontalgic Mixture. 

R. Oil of cloves twelve drops 

Tincture of pimpinella 

Sulphuric ether, each, two drachms 

Aromatic tincture one drachm 

Mix. To be applied to the carious tooth. 

Augustin. 

Clove Plaster. 
R. Yellow wax twenty-two parts 

Suet twenty-four parts 

Melt, and add 

Powdered olibanum sixteen parts 

cloves eight parts 

Oil of nutmegs six parts 

peppermint one part 

Mix. Van Mons. 

As an application to the stomach, or over a 
pained part. 

Clove Cataplasm. 
R . Rye flour six or eight spoonfuls 

Red wine sufficient 

to make a cataplasm, add 
Powdered cloves 

Rasped nutmeg, each, a teaspoonful 
Mix well. As an application to the 
stomach, to check nausea or pain. 

Radius. 

Clove Bag. 
R. Powdered cloves two drachms 

marjoram half an ounce 
rosemary one ounce 

Mix, and quilt between folds of linen, dip 
in Cologne water, and apply to the pit of 
the stomach, to check nausea. Phoebus. 



150 



CASCARILLA— CASSIA MARILANDICA. 



CASCAKILLA. 



Cascarilla. 

This is the bark of Croton eleutheria, a shrub 
found in several of the West India islands, and 
also, perhaps, derived from other species. 

Sex. Sijst. Moncec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Eu- 
phorbiaccffi. 

Swartz. H. Ind. Oc. 11. 1183. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 596. 

In roll ?d fragments, whitish externally, and of 
a chocolate color within, of an aromatic odor, 
and a spicy, bitter taste. It is an aromatic tonic, 
and is useful in debilitated conditions of the 
stomach and bowels. Dose, in powder, from a 
scruple to half a drachm. 

Compound Cascarilla Powder. 
R. Powdered cascarilla ten grains 

opium 

ipecacuanha, each, one grain 
Mix. To be taken every five hours in ob- 
stinate diarrhoea. Radius. 

R. Powdered cascarilla one drachm 

hartshorn 

cuttlefish bone, each, four 
drachms 

amber two drachms 

Mix. One drachm to be taken in a glass 
of sugar and water, at bedtime, against 
nocturnal pollutions. Pierquin. 

Infusion of Cascarilla. 

R. Bruised cascarilla one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, 

and strain. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, two fl. ounces. 

Alkaline Infusion of Cascarilla. 
R. Bruised cascarilla three ounces 

Carbonate of potassa two drachms 
Boiling water sixteen fl. ounces 

Macerate for two hours, and filter. Dose, 
a spoonful, two or three times a-day, as an 
antacid and tonic. Palat. Ph. 

Extract of Cascarilla. 
R. Bruised cascarilla one part 

Alcohol five parts 

Treat the cascarilla several times with the 
alcohol, distil, and evaporate the residue. 
Dose, from ten grains to a drachm. 

Guibourt. 

Mixture of Extract of Cascarilla. 

R. Extract of cascarilla one drachm 

White sugar six drachms 

Oil of chamomile twenty drops 

Tragacanth half a drachm 

Wine of opium twenty-five drops 

Cinnamon water two fl. ounces 

Peppermint water four fl. ounces 



Mix. A spoonful every hour in dysentery. 

August in. 

Tincture of Cascarilla. 

R. Powdered cascarilla five ounces 

Proof spirit two pints 

Macerate fourteen days, and filter. 

Loncl. Ph. 
Compound Wine of Cascarilla. 
R . Powdered cascarilla 

one ounce and a-half 

Contused orange peel one ounce 

cinnamon two drachms 

White wine twenty-seven fl. ounces 

Digest for twenty-four hours, and filter. 

As a stomachic and tonic, in doses of two 

ounces, four times a-day. Phoebus. 



CASSIA. 
Purging Cassia. 

Cassia is the fruit or pod of the Cassia fistula , 
a large tree, a native of Egypt and many parts of 
Asia, and cultivated in most tropical regions. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fabacess. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 540. Griffith, Med. Bot. 253. 

The pods are about a foot in length, cylindri- 
cal, of a dark brown color, with two longitudinal 
furrows on one side, and one on the other. 
They are internally divided into numerous cells, 
each containing one seed enveloped in a soft 
pulp. This latter, which is the part used, has 
a faint nauseous smell, and a sweet, mucilagin- 
ous taste. It is laxative, in doses of one or two 
drachms, and purgative in those of one or two 
ounces. 

Pulp of Purging Cassia. 
R. Purging cassia, bruised, sufficient 

Pour boiling water on it to soften the pulp, 
strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. 
U. S. Pharm. 
Confection of Cassia. 
R . Cassia pulp half a pound 

Manna two ounces 

Tamarind pulp one ounce 

Syrup of roses eight fl. ounces 

Mix well, and evaporate to proper con- 
sistence. Lond. Ph. 

Slightly laxative. 

Mixture of Cassia Pulp. 
R . Pulp of cassia one ounce 

Infusion of rhubarb a drachm and a-half 

Syrup of roses 

Manna, each, one ounce 

Mix well. A mild laxative. Pierquin. 



CASSIA MARILANDICA. 
American Senna. 

This species is an indigenous perennial plant, 



CASTOREUM. 



151 



with showy, bright yellow flowers, growing in 
moist places and on the banks of streams. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fabaceee. 

Linn. Sp. PL 541. Griffith, Med. Bot. 260. 

The leaves, which are the officinal portions, 
are usually exposed for sale in small packages, 
like the other herbs put up by the Shakers. They 
have a faint, unpleasant odor, and a nauseous 
taste like senna, of which they possess all the 
qualities, but are not quite as active. 

Infusion op American Senna. 

R. American senna one ounce and a-half 

Coriander seed ; bruised, one drachm 

Boiling water one pint 

Macerate in a covered vessel one hour, and 

strain. Martin. 



CASTOREUM. 

Castor. 



Castor is a peculiar substance obtained from 
membranous follicles in the Castor fiber, situated 
between the organs of generation and the anus. 
It is in the form of solid, unctuous masses, con- 
tained in small, wrinkled, brownish sacs. It has 
a strong, unpleasant smell, and a bitter, acrid 
taste. It is stimulant and antispasmodic, and 
has been much praised in the neuroses. In this 
country it is not much used. Dose, from ten to 
twenty grains. 

Compound Powder of Castor. 
R. Castor twelve grains 

Powdered cascarilla one scruple 

Magnesia a scruple and a-half 

Mix, and divide into three powders. 

Saunders. 
R. Castor 

Powdered valerian 

Sugar, each, ten grains 

Mix, and divide into three doses. Phoebus. 
As antispasmodics. 

Bolus of Castoreum. 

R. Assafetida 
Valerian 
Castor 

Amber, each, half an ounce 

Camphor one scruple 

Syrup sufficient 

Mix, and form boluses of ten grains each. 

Said to be efficacious in hysteria, neuralgia, 

and vertigo. Foy. 

Castoreum Pills. 
R. Assafetida one drachm 

Calbanum 

Myrrh, each, half a drachm 

Castoreum fifteen grains 

Tincture of valerian sufficient 

Beat together, and divide into seventy-two 

pills. Dose, three to eight, three times a- 

day, in hysteria. Phozhus. 



Pills of Castor and Succinic Acid. 

R. Castor one drachm 

Succinic acid half a drachm 

Extract of gentian sufficient 

Beat together, and form twenty-four pills. 

Three, morning and night, in hysteria. 

Ellis. 

Tincture of Castor. 

R. Bruised castor two ounces 

Alcohol two pints 

Digest for seven days, express, and filter. 

U. S. Ph. 

Dose from thirty drops to two fl. drachms. 

Ethereal Tincture of Castor. 
R. Bruised castor two ounces 

saffron one ounce 

Spirit of sulphuric ether twelve ounces 
Digest for twenty four hours, and filter. 
As an antispasmodic. In dose of thirty 
drops. JSpielmann. 

Ammoniated Tincture of Castor. 
R. Bruised castor two ounces and a-half 

Contused assafetida two drachms 

Spirit of ammonia two pints 

Digest for seven days, in a closed vessel, 
express, strain, and filter. Ed. Ph. 

A powerful stimulant, and antispasmodic, in 
cases of spasm of the stomach, hysteria, &c. 
Dose, thirty drops to two fl. drachms. 

Compound Tincture op Castor. 

R. Assafetida two drachms 

Opium half a drachm 

Oil of amber one drachm 

Castor half an ounce 

Alcohol four ounces 

Digest for four days, express, and filter. 

Dose, thirty to forty drops in wine, in 

hysteria. Ferrara. Ph. 

Compound Plaster of Castor. 

R. Wax plaster sixteen ounces 

Soap four ounces 

Melt together, and add, on cooling, 

Camphor one ounce 

Castor half an ounce 

Incorporate well. Highly praised in 

headache, rheumatism, toothache, &c. 

Giordano. 

Compound Spirit of Castor. 

R . Castor half an ounce 

Assafetida two drachms 

Oil of amber one drachm 
savine 

rue, each, half a drachm 

Alcohol ten ounces 
Digest, distil, and add 

Empyreumat. carb. of 

ammonia two ounces 



152 

Camphor 
Distil again, 
drops. 



CATALPA-CATECHU. 



one drachm 

Dose, twenty to forty 

Cotter eau. 



CATALPA. 

Catalpa. 

The Catalpa cordifolia is a beautiful native 
tree, principally found in the southern and 
south-western States. 

Sex. Syst. Diand. raonog. Nat. Syst. Bignoni- 
acese. 

Elliot. Bot. i. 24. Lindley, Flor. Med. 499. 

The bark is said to be vermifuge, but the part 
used in medicine is principally the pods. 
These have been found efficacious in asthma. 

Decoction op Catalpa Pods. 
R . Catalpa pods half an ounce 

Water sufficient 

to obtain eight ounces of decoction ; add 

Oxymel of squills half an ounce 

R. Catalpa pods half an ounce 

Seneka two drachms 

Water sufficient 

to obtain eight ounces of decoction \ add 

Oxymel of squills one ounce 

In spoonful doses, in chronic, nervous 
asthma. Brera. 

R. Catalpa pods three or four 

Water twelve fl. ounces 

Boil down to six ounces, to be given in 
two doses, morning and night. 

Antomachi. 



CATARIA. 

Catnep. 

This is the leaves, or whole herb of Nepeta Ca- 
laria, a perennial herbaceous plant, a native of 
Europe, and naturalized in the United States. 

Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. La- 
in iaceas. 

Linn Sp. PI. 797. Griffith, Med. Bot. 512. 

It has a peculiar, somewhat unpleasant odor, 
and a bitterish, aromatic taste. It is stimulant, 
carminative, &c, and is used in the flatulent 
colic of infants, and as an emmenagogue, &c. 

Infusion of Catnep. 
R. Catnep two drachms 

Boiling water. eight ounces 

Infuse in a covered vessel. Dose, a teaspoon- 
ful occasionally,- whilst hot, for an infant in flat- 
ulent colic ; to be taken freely, as a diaphoretic, 
or emmenagogue. 



The Acacia catechu is a native of the East In- 
dies, and is now cultivated in some of the West 
India islands. 

Sex. Syst. Polygam. moncec. Nat. Syst. Fabacese. 

Linn. Sp. Pi. 409. Griffith, Med. Bot. 268. 

Catechu comes in masses of various forms, of 
a rusty brown color externally, but paler within. 
It is inodorous, but has a bitter and astringent 
taste, followed by a sensation of sweetness. 
It principally consists of tannin and extractive. 
It is tonic and astringent, and is used in cases 
where astringents are required. The dose is 
from ten grains to half a drachm, repeated as 
required. 

Compound Powder of Catechu. 
R. Powdered catechu fifteen grains 

salts two grains 

Mix, and make powder ; to be taken after 
each liquid stool, in diarrhoea from a weak- 
ened condition of the bowels. 

A. T. Thomson. 
R. Powdered catechu 
cascarilla 
gum Arabic 
Aromatic powder equal parts 

Mix. Dose, a scruple every two hours, in 
chronic diarrhoea. Augmtin. 

Bolus of Catechu. 

R. Powdered catechu twenty -four grains 

Extract of opium two grains 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and form two boluses, one to be taken 

morning and evening, in chronic diarrhoea. 

For/. 

Pills of Alum and Catechu. 
R. Alum six grains 

Extract of opium 

Catechu each one grain 

Mix, and divide into six pills, one to be 
given every two to four hours. In passive 
hemorrhage and atonic mucous discharges. 

Ellis. 

Compound Catechu Bolus. 

R. Powdered catechu one scruple 

Confection of opium twelve grains 

Aromatic confection sufficient 

Make a bolus, to be taken twice a-day, in 

inordinate flow of the menses. 

Babinqton. 



CATECHU. 

Catechu. 



Catechu is an extract procured from the wood 
of Acacia catechu, and also from other trees. 



R. Powdered catechu 
alum 



twelve parts 

six parts 

opium two parts 

Syrup of red roses sufficient 

Form a mass, and divide into pills of six 

grains each. One or two a-day, in the 

decline of gonorrhea. Foy. 

Pills of Catechu and Liquorice. 
R Catechu half a drachm 



CATECHU. 



153 



Grum Arabic 

Extract of liquorice, each, 

two drachms 

Mastic one drachm 

Syrup of mallows sufficient 

Form mass, and divide into pills of three 
grains each. Four, three times a-day, in 
chronic catarrh. Van Mom. 

Lozenges op Catechu. 

R. Catechu one ounce 

Sugar half an ounce 

Cloves one scruple 

Essence of citron half a scruple 

Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient 

Beat into mass, and divide into lozenges 

of ten grains, each. One, occasionally, to 

arrest fetor of breath. Brunswick Ph. 

Electuary or Catechu. 
R. Catechu 

Kino, each, four ounces 

Cinnamon 
. Nutmeg, each, one ounce 

r"'' Opium diffused in a little 

sherry one drachm and a-half 

Syrup of red roses, reduced to the con- 
sistence of honey, one pint and a-half 
Pulverize the solids, mix the opium and 
syrup, add the powders, and beat into a 
mass. Dub. Ph. 

In diarrhoea and chronic dysentery, in dose of 
half a drachm to a drachm. 

R. Catechu 

Balsam of tolu, each, one drachm 
Peravian bark one ounce 

Syrup of red roses sufficient 

Beat together. One drachm morning and 

evening, in leucorrhoea and gonorrhoea. 

Brera. 
Infusion of Catechu. 

R. Catechu one drachm 

Boiling water one pint 

Digest for six hours, and strain. Guibourt. 

Compound Infusion of Catechu. 

R . Powdered catechu half an ounce 

Bruised cinnamon one drachm 

Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for an hour in a covered vessel, 

and strain. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, from one to three fl. ounces, three or 

four times a-day. 

Tincture of Catechu. 

R. Catechu three ounces 

Cinnamon, bruised, two ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. U. S. Ph. 



A pleasant astringent. Dose, thirty drops to 
three fl. drachms. 

Catechu Collutory. 
R. Catechu 

Myrrh, each, eight parts 

Balsam of Peru one part 

Spirit of cochlearia 

Alcohol, each, twenty-four parts 

Mix, and digest for four days, and filter. 
As a mouth- wash, in a spongy condition of 
the gums. Saunders. 

Mixture of Catechu and Logwood. 
R. Extract of logwood three drachms 
Tincture of catechu two fl. drachms 
Water seven fl. ounces 

Mix. Two spoonfuls, every three or four 
hours, in chronic stages of diarrhoea and 
dysentery. Ellis. 

Anti Emetic Mixture. 

R. Catechu one drachm 

Columbo thirty grains 

Winter's bark twenty grains 

Boiling water four ounces 

Mix, and digest for eight hours, strain, 

and add 

Syrup of red roses one ounce 

In spoonful doses. Pierquin. 

Injection of Catechu. 
R. Catechu 

Myrrh, each, one drachm 

Dissolve in 

Lime water four ounces 

and strain. As an injection, in chronic 
leucorrhoea and gonorrhoea. 

Aromatic Pastilles of Catechu. 
R. Extract of liquorice 

Water, each, three ounces and a-half 
Dissolve on a water-bath, and add 

Powdered catechu four hundred and 
sixty-two grains 
gum Arabic two hundred 
thirty-one grains 
Evaporate to the consistence of an extract, 
and incorporate, 
Mastic 
Cascarilla 
Charcoal 

Orris root, each, thirty grains 

Reduce to proper consistence, remove 
from fire, and add 

Oil of peppermint thirty drops 

Tincture of ambergris 

musk, each, ten drops 
Mix, and form into one-grain pills. Used 
to aromatize the breath. Redwood. 



154 



CEANOTHUS— CETACEUM. 



CEANOTHUS. 
New Jersey Tea. 



Several species of Ceanothus have medical 
properties, but the only one in use in this coun- 
try, is the C. jimericanus, a suffruticose plant, 
found in most parts of the United States. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Rham- 



Linn. Sp. PI. 284. Griffith, Med. Bot. 218. 

The leaves and root are bitter and astringent, 
but the root is the most active. They have 
been used in a variety of cases, to which astrin- 
gents are applicable. 

Decoction of New Jersey Tea. 
R. New Jersey tea root two drachms 
"Water one pint 

Boil for a quarter of an hour, and strain. 
Said by Ferrein to be efficacious in gonorrhoea, 
and syphilis ; and by Dr. Hubbard, in dysentery, 
and also as a gargle in aphthous sore mouth, 
and in ulcerations of the fauces. 



CENTAUREA BENEDICTA. 
Blessed Thistle. 

An annual plant, native of the south of Eu 
rope, and become naturalized in some parts of 
the United States. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. frust. Nat. Syst. Aster- 
Linn. Spl. PI. 1294. Griffith, Med. Bot. (Cra- 
cus,) 409. 

The whole herb is used ; it has a faint nau- 
seous odor, and a very bitter taste. It is used 
as a tonic, diaphoretic, or emetic. Dose of pow- 
der, as tonic, a scruple to a drachm. 

Infusion of Blessed Thistle. 
R. Blessed thistle three drachms 

Boiling water one quart 

Infuse for half an hour, and strain. As a 
diaphoretic. Fr. Cod. 

R . Blessed thistle half an ounce 

Cold water one pint 

Infuse, and strain. As a tonic, in the 
dose of two fl. ounces. Wood. 

Wine of Blessed Thistle. 

R. Blessed thistle one ounce and a-half 
Columbo three drachms 

Cinnamon two drachms 

Wine two pints 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, and strain. 

Dose, one to four spoonfuls in the morning, 

as a stomachic. Wirtemburg Ph. 



CENTAURIUM. 

Centaury. 

The herbs or flowering heads of Erythma 
centaurium, a small annual plant, indigenous to 
many parts of Europe. 



Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Gentian- 
aceas. 

Linn. (Chironia,) Sp. PI. 332. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 459. 

This plant is very bitter, and is analogous in its 
properties to gentian. In this country, its use has 
been superseded by the American centaury or 
sabbatia. Dose of the powder, from thirty 
grains to a drachm. 

Portland Powder. 
R. Centaury 

Germander 

Grentian 

Round aristolochia 

Teucrium equal parts 

Powder, and mix. Once highly celebrated 
in the cure of gout. 

Extract of Centaury. 
R. Centaury one part 

Hot water eight parts 

Macerate in one-half the water, express, 
and strain; repeat the process with the 
remainder of the water, unite the liquids, 
and evaporate. Guibourt. 

Pills of Extract of Centaury. 

R . Extract of centaury one drachm 

Myrrh two drachms 

Balsam of Peru one scruple 

Mix, and form into pills of three grains. 

Four, three times a-day, as a tonic and 

stomachic. St. Marie. 

Compound Wine of Centaury. 
R. Centaury 

Apocynum 

Madder, each, one ounce 

White wine 

Water, each, a pint and a-half 

Boil down to two-thirds, and add to the 
strained liquid 

Syrup of orange peel two ounces 

A cupful, morning and evening, in jaun- 
dice. Beral. 

Mixture of Extract of Centaury. 
R. Extract of centaury one drachm 

Bitter almonds two drachms 

Chamomile water two ounces 

Rub well together, and strain. As a feb- 
rifuge. Foy. 



CETACEUM. 

Spermaceti. 



A peculiar concrete substance, obtained from 
the head of Physeter macrocephalus, or spermaceti 
whale. It is white, semi-transparent, friable, 
soft, somewhat oily to the touch, insipid, but 
with a faint odor. It has been used as a demul- 
cent, and also enters into the composition of seve- 
ral ointments and cerates. 



Compound Powder or Spermaceti. 
R. Spermaceti two drachms 

Nitrate of potassa one drachm 

Orris root 

Sugar, each, one ounce 

Powder well, and mix. A teaspoonful, 
three or four times a-day, in catarrh. 

Radius. 
Spermaceti Mixture. 
R. Spermaceti two drachms 

Sugar three drachms 

Paregoric elixir half fl. ounce 

"Water eight fl. ounces 

Rub spermaceti and sugar together with 
the yolk of an egg; add the water and 
paregoric gradually. A tablespoonful, 
several times a-day. In catarrh. Ellis. 
R. Spermaceti half an ounce 

Grum arabic two drachms 

Syrup half an ounce 

Water of bitter almonds one drachm 
Water two ounces and a-half 

Rub together, and strain. A dessertspoon- 
ful every two hours. In catarrh. Phoebus. 
R. Spermaceti two drachms 

Olive oil one drachm 

Powdered gum Arabic half an ounce 
Water four fl. ounces 

Triturate the spermaceti with the oil, until 
reduced to a paste, then add the gum, and 
lastly the water, gradually. W. Procter. 
R. Spermaceti two drachms 

Yolk of egg one 

Powdered gum Arabic two drachms 
Paregoric elixir six drachms 

Antimonial wine four drachms 

White sugar three drachms 

Water six ounces 

Mix. Rub the spermaceti with the yolk 
of egg, then add the other ingredients se- 
parately; when well incorporated, introduce 
the water gradually. A tablespoonful every 
two or three hours to an adult. Useful in 
catarrh, especially of measles. Dewees. 

Spermaceti Ointment. 

R. Spermaceti six drachms 

White wax two drachms 

Olive oil three fl. ounces 

Mix over a gentle fire, and stir till cold. 

Lond. Ph. 

Mild dressing for open surfaces. 

Ointment op Spermaceti and Rose 

Water. 
R. Rose water 

Oil of almonds each two fl. ounces 
Spermaceti half an ounce 

White wax one drachm 



CETACEUM. 155 

Melt together, by a water-bath, the oil, 
spermaceti and wax; add rose water, and 
stir till cold. U. JS. Ph. 

A pleasant and cooling application to irritable 
surfaces, well known as cold cream. 

Cold Cream without Spermaceti. 

R. White wax one ounce 

Oil of almonds four fl. ounces 

Rose water two fl. ounces 

Borax half a drachm 

Oil of roses five minims 

Dissolve the wax in the oil of almonds, by 

a gentle heat, also dissolve the borax in the 

rose water, and add the solution to the 

heated mixture, stirring till cold, then add 

the oil of roses. E. Turnbull. 

Spermaceti Cerate. 

R. Spermaceti one ounce 

White wax three ounces 

Olive oil six fl. ounces 

Melt wax and spermaceti together, then add 

the oil previously heated, and stir till cold. 

U. S. Ph. 

An excellent dressing for blisters, wounds, &c. 

Spermaceti Lip Salve. 
R. Spermaceti 

White wax, each, half an ounce 

Melt, and add 

Oil of almonds one ounce 

lavender twenty drops 

bergamot ten drops 

cloves two drops 

Rub well together. Niemann. 

R. Spermaceti one ounce and a-half 

White wax nine drachms 

Oil of almonds twelve ounces 

Alkanet root two ounces 

Otto of roses one drachm 

Digest the first four ingredients in the heat 

of a water-bath for four hours, strain, and 

add the otto of roses. Gray. 

Spermaceti Liniment. 

R. Spermaceti 

White wax, each, half a drachm 

Oil of almonds one ounce 

White lead 

Litharge, each, twenty grains 

Gum lac sufficient 

Mix. As a cosmetic, but the presence of 

the lead requires it to be used with caution. 
Pierquin. 
Sultana Ointment. 

R. Spermaceti eight parts 

Butter of cacao sixteen parts 

Oil of almonds thirty-two parts 

Balsam of Peru one part 



one part 
Niemann. 



156 

Melt together, and add 

Orange-flower water 
Stir constantly till cold. 
R. Spermaceti 

White wax, each, 

one drachm and a-half 

Oil of almonds three ounces 

Melt together, and add 

Rose water two ounces 

Tincture of benzoin thirty drops 

Mix well. Taddei. 



CETRARIA— CHELIDONIUM. 



CETRARIA. 

Iceland Moss. 



This is a lichen found in great abundance in 
the northern regions of both continents. 

Sex. Syst. Cryptog. lichen. Nat. Syst. Li- 
chenacese. 

When dried it is inodorous, but has a bitter, 
mucilaginous taste. It is demulcent, tonic, and 
nutritious, and is useful in pulmonary and other 
complaints, in which the local disease is attended 
with a debility of the digestive organs, or of the 
general system. Dose of the powder, thirty 
grains to a drachm. 

Decoction of Iceland Moss. 

R. Iceland moss half an ounce 

Water one pint and a-half 

Boil down to a pint; express, and strain. 

U. g. Ph. 

To be taken during the twenty-four hours. 

R. Iceland moss one ounce and a-half 
Water one quart 

Macerate the moss in a weak solution of 
carbonate of potassa, before subjecting it 
to decoction. 

Boil, and strain. Van Mons. 

In this preparation the bitter principle is ex- 
tracted by the potassa, and the result is a mere 
mucilaginous demulcent. 

Iceland Moss Jelly. 
R. Iceland moss two parts 

Water twenty parts 

Boil down to six parts and strain, then 
add 

Sugar four parts 

Set by to cool. Augustin. 

Iceland Moss Mixture. 
R. Iceland moss two ounces 

Hartshorn shavings one ounce 

Water one quart 

Boil down to a pint, and strain, add 

Wine of opium fifteen drops 

In phthisis, to be taken during the day. 

Brera. 
R. Iceland moss two drachms 

Powdered salep ten grains 



cinnamon eight grains 

Water twelve fl. ounces 

Boil to six ounces, and add 

Syrup sufficient 

Said to be useful in phthisis, leucorrhoea, 
and hooping-cough, in doses of four ounces, 
three or four times a-day. Augustin. 

R. Decoction of Iceland 

moss seven fl. ounces and a-half 

Diluted sulphuric acid one fl. drachm 

Syrup four fl. drachms 

Laudanum fifty drops 

Mix. A wineglassful, three times a-day, 

in phthisis. A. T. Thomson. 

Iceland Moss Chocolate. 
R. Fine chocolate four pounds 

Sugar two pounds 

Powdered Iceland 

moss, one pound and a-half 
Tragacanth 

Cinnamon, each, four ounces 

Water sufficient 

Rub into a uniform paste. Cadet. 

Cetrarine. 
R. Iceland moss, 

in coarse powder, one pound 

Alcohol, .883 four pounds 

Boil for half an hour, permit to cool, till 
no vapors are given off, express, and add 
to fluid 

Muriatic acid three drachms 

and four times its bulk of distilled water; 
let rest for a night in a closed matrass; 
then decant, throw deposit on filter, and 
press; while still moist, wash with alcohol 
or ether; then treat with boiling alcohol, 
filter, and permit cetrarine to precipitate. 
Herlerger. 

Powder of Cetrarine. 
R. Cetrarine 

Gum Arabic, each, two grains 

White sugar half a scruple 

Useful in intermittent fevers, in doses of 

eight grains every two hours during the 

apyrexia. Midler. 



CHELIDONIUM. 

Celandine. 

The herb of Chelidonium majus, a perennial 
herbaceous plant, native of Europe, but gene- 
rally naturalized in this country. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Papave 
racese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 723. Griffith, Med. Bot. 130. 

Exudes, when broken, an orange-colored, 
fetid juice. Its taste is extremely bitter and 
acrid, leaving a burning sensation. The root is 



CHENOPODIUM— CHIMAPHILA. 



157 



the most powerful. It has been used as a drastic 
hydragogue, and also in scrofula, &c. The dose 
of the dried root is half a drachm to a drachm ; 
of the fresh juice, thirty to forty drops. 

Extract of Celandine. 
R. Juice of celandine at will 

Boil so as to coagulate ; strain, evaporate, 
and at the close of evaporation add the 
coagulum. Van Mons. 

Dose, five to fifteen grains, as a hydragogue 
purgative. 

Pills of Celandine. 
R. Extract of celandine 

Grum ammoniac, each, one drachm 

and a-half 

Soap one drachm 

Mix, and form pills of four grains. Two 

or three a-day, in engorgements of the 

viscera, especially of the spleen. 

Schubarth. 

Extract of Celandine Mixture. 

R. Extract of celandine two drachms 

and a-half 

henbane one scruple 

Sulphate of potassa one ounce 

Tartar emetic one grain 

Elder water six ounces 

Oxymel of squills one ounce 

Mix. A dessertspoonful every two hours, 

as a hydragogue. Augustin. 



CHENOPODIUM. 

WORMSEED. 

This is the fruit of Chenopodium anthelminti- 
cum, a native plant, found in most parts of the 
country. 

Sex.Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Chenopo- 
diacese. 

The fruit is in small grains, of a greenish 
yellow color, with a bitterish, aromatic, pungent 
taste, and a nauseous peculiar smell. Besides 
the seeds, the expressed juice of the whole plant 
is used, and the essential oil. They are all ef- 
ficient anthelmintics. The first are given in the 
form of an electuary ; the second in tablespoon- 
ful doses. 

Decoction of Wormseed. 

R. Fresh leaves one ounce 

New milk one pint 

Orange peel two drachms 

Boil, and strain. Dose, a wineglassful, 

twice a-day. 

Oil of Wormseed. 

R . Wormseed at will 

Water sufficient 

to cover the seed ; infuse for some hours, 

distil, and separate the oil. Dose, from 

four to eight drops for a child, night and 



morning, for three or four days, to he fol- 
lowed by a cathartic. Coxe. 

Wormseed Oil Mixture. 
R. Oil of wormseed one drachm 

Sugar 

Grum Arabic, each, one drachm 

and a-half 
Mix, and add 

Mint water two and a-half fl. ounces 
A teaspoonful, four times a-day for two 
days, to a child, to be followed by a purge. 

Ellis. 



CHIMAPHILA. 

PlPSISSEWA. 

The leaves of Chimaphila umbellata, an ever- 
green plant, found in the northern portions of both 
continents. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Pyrolacese. 

Linn. (Pyrola) Sp. PI. 56 8. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
421. 

Pipsissewa has a peculiar and rather pleasant 
odor, especially when fresh, and an astringent, 
bitter, and somewhat sweetish taste. It is tonic, 
diuretic, and astringent, and has been much used 
in nephritic complaints, dropsy, &c. 

Decoction of Pipsissewa. 

R. Pipsissewa one ounce 

Water one pint and a-half 

Boil down to a pint, and strain. U. S. Ph. 

To be taken during the day, in dropsy and 

chronic affections of urinary organs. 

Compound Decoction of Pipsissewa. 
R. Decoction of pipsissewa one pint 

Solution of carbonate 

of potassa two drachms 

Mix. Four tablespoonfuls, three times a- 
day, in same cases as above. Foy. 

R . Pipsissewa half an ounce to one ounce 

Water twelve fl. ounces 

Boil to six ounces, and add 

Grin two ounces 

Let stand for two hours, and strain. Two 
spoonfuls, four times a-day, in dropsy. 

Radius. 
R. Pipsissewa six drachms 

Water twelve ounces 

Boil to six ounces, and add at close 

Senna two drachms 

Strain. A tablcspoonful every two hours 
as a diuretic. Radius. 

Extract of Pipsissewa. 
R. Pipsissewa one pound 

Water one gallon 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down 
to two pints, strain, and evaporate to proper 
consistence. Dose, ten to thirty grains. 



158 



CHIRETTA— CHLORINUM. 



Pipsissewa Pills. 
R. Extract of pipsissewa 
Resin of guaiacuru, 

each, one drachm and a-half 

Precipitated sulph. of 

antimony twelve grains 

Beat together, and make pills of two grains. 
Dose, five, twice a-day, in arthritic affec- 
tions. 

Pipsissewa Syrup. 
R. Powdered pipsissewa four ounces 

Water eight fl. ounces 

Macerate for thirty-six hours, percolate so 
as to obtain a pint of fluid, evaporate one- 
half, and add 

Sugar sixteen ounces 

One to two tablespoonfuls at a time. 

W. Procter. 

Pipsissewa Beer. 
R. Pipsissewa half a pound 

Water one gallon 

Boil, strain, and add 

Brown sugar one pound 

Powdered ginger half an ounce 

Yeast sufficient 

To produce fermentation. When this has 
taken place, keep in well-stopped bottles. 
Dose, a half-tumblerfull, three or four 
times a-day. In strumous affections, espe- 
cially of the joints. Dr. I. Parrish. 



CHIRETTA. 

Chiretta. 

This is the herb and root of Agathotes chirayta, 
a native of the northern mountainous parts of 
India. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Gentia- 
naceas. 

Don. Phil. Mag., 1836. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
462. 

The whole plant is bitter, but the root most so; 
it is inodorous. It appears to have the same pro- 
perties as gentian, and is applicable to the same 
cases. Dose, of powder, is twenty grains. 

Infusion of Chiretta. 
R. Chiretta four drachms 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for two hours, and strain. Ed. Ph. 

Dose, one to two fl. ounces as a simple tonic 
bitter. 

Tincture of Chiretta. 

R. Chiretta five ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 

Dose, a teaspoonful. Dunglison. 



CHLORINUM. 

Chlorine. 

This is an elementary, gaseous fluid, of a 
greenish yellow color, and a peculiar, penetrat- 
ing smell. It has been used as an inhalation in 
a diluted state, in diseases of the lungs, and also 
as a fumigation in diseases of the liver, &c, and 
also as a disinfectant. 

Chlorine. 

R . Peroxide of manganese one part 

Common salt three parts 

Sulphuric acid 

Water, each, two parts 

Mix the acid and water, and pour on the 

other substances in powder. Paris Cod. 

Chlorine Water. 
R. Dried muriate of 

soda one hundred parts 

Oxide of manganese thirty parts 

Sulphuric acid eighty-seven parts 

Water one hundred and twenty parts 
Add the acid gradually to the water; when 
cold, pour on the other substances in pow- 
der, and put into a retort; then with a 
gradually increased heat, let the gas that 
escapes be transmitted through two hun- 
dred parts of distilled water ; the process 
is concluded, when effervescence in the 
retort has subsided. Dub. Ph. 

To be kept in well-stopped bottles, and in 
the dark. Chlorine water is stimulant, and an- 
tiseptic, and has been used in a variety of dis- 
eases. (See Dunglison, New Rem. 170 et seq.) 
The dose is from one to four fl. drachms, pro- 
perly diluted. 

Chlorine Collutory. 

R. Chlorine water half an ounce 

Syrup of mallows one ounce 

Mix. In aphthous sore mouth. Radius. 

R . Chlorine water half an ounce 

Infusion of sage six ounces 

Honey of roses one ounce 

Mix. In same cases. Radius. 

Chlorine Gargle. 
R. Tragacanth twelve grains 

Distilled water four fl. ounces 

Chlorine water 

Syrup, each, half an ounce 

Mix. As a gargle in ulceration, and 
chronic inflammation of the mouth, and 
fauces. Foy. 

Chlorine Injection. 
R. Chlorine water half a drachm 

Distilled water one ounce and a-half 

Extract of opium fifteen grains 

Mix. As an injection in ulcers of the 
uterus. Phozbus. 



CHLOROFORMUM— CHONDRUS. 



159 



R 



Chlorine Clyster. 

Chlorine water two drachms 

Starch four drachms 

Extract of opium half a grain 

Water six ounces 

Mix. As an enema in the diarrhcea of 

consumptive patients. Cadet. 

Chlorine Mixture. 
R. Chlorine water two to four drachms 

Decoction of mal- 
lows two ounces and a-half 
Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, in soft- 
ening the stomach in children. Radius. 
R. Chlorine water two ounces 

Syrup six ounces 

Mix. A spoonful every two hours, in ty- 
phoid fevers. Swediaur. 
R. Chlorine water two drachms 

Strawberry water one ounce and a-half 

Quince mucilage 

Syrup of mallows, each, six drachms 
Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, to 
children in scarlatina. Radius. 

Chlorine Oil. 
R. Olive oil at will 

Pass a current of chlorine through it, at 
the end of two or three days, wash it with 
cold water. As an application to tinea, 
and lepra. Deimann. 

Chlorine Ointment. 
R. Chlorine water one part 

Lard eight parts 

Triturate well together. Employed in 
itch. Augustin. 

Chlorine Liniment. 
R. Chlorine water one fl. drachm 

Olive oil one fl. ounce 

Mix well. In itch, tinea, and herpes. 

Deimann. 
R. White wax two drachms 

Melt by a gentle heat, and add 

Almond oil sufficient 

to make a liniment ; on cooling, add 

Chlorine water one drachm and a-half 
As an application to foul ulcers. Lndwig. 



attained much celebrity. The usual dose, when 
inhaled, is a fl. drachm, to be increased in a few- 
minutes, if no effect is produced. The best 
plan of inhaling is to twist a handkerchief into 
the form of a bird's nest, wet this with the 
chloroform, and apply it to the mouth and nose. 
The dose, internally, is from five to twenty 
minims. 

R. Powdered chloride 

of lime four pounds 

Water twelve pounds 

Alcohol twelve fl. ounces 

Mix, in a capacious still or retort, and dis- 
til as long as a dense liquid, which sinks 
in the water that comes over with it, is 
produced. Separate this, agitate it with 
sulphuric acid, and distil it from carbonate 
of barytae. Dumas. 

Emulsion of Chloroform. 
R. Chloroform six drachms 

Syrup half an ounce 

Yolk of egg one 

Distilled water 

four fl. ounces and a-half 
Mix, by rubbing the yolk of the egg with 
the syrup, then adding the chloric ether 
and water so as to form an emulsion. 

Moxon. 

Liniment of Chloroform. 

R. Soap liniment two fl. ounces 

Chloroform one fl. drachm 

Mix. As an application in neuralgic pains, 

over the affected part. Tuson. 



CHLOROFORMUM. 

Chloroform. 

This has received various names, as Chloride 
of Carbon, Chhride of Formyl, Chloric Ether, Ter- 
chloride of Formyl, &c. It is a transparent, heavy 
fluid, of a peculiar, fragrant, ethereal, apple-like 
odor, and a slightly acid, intensely sweet taste. 
In large doses it is a narcotic poison ; in medicine 
a stimulant, sedative, antispasmodic anodyne, 
a nd anaesthetic ; for which latter purpose it has 



CHONDRUS. 
Irish Moss. Carrageen. 

The fronds of Chondrus crispus, a se: 
growing on rocks and stones in the seas of 
Northern Europe, especially on the southern and 
western coasts of Ireland. 

Hex. Syst. Cryptog. fuci. Nat. Syst. Cerami- 
acese. 

Greville, Alg. Brit. 129. Dunglison, New Rem. 
175. 

It is of a yellowish, or purplish color, trans- 
lucent, nearly tasteless, and scentless. It is nutri- 
tive and demulcent, and affords a useful article 
of diet to convalescents. It has also been recom- 
mended in scrofula, and bowel and pectoral af- 
fections. Before using it should be soaked in 
cold water to remove any salt or other impuri- 
ties. 

Decoction of Carrageen. 

R. Carrageen, sliced, half an ounce 

Water three pints 

Boil for a quarter of an hour, express, and 

strain. Beral. 

half a drachm 
nine fl. ounces 



R. Carrageen, sliced, 

New milk, 



160 



CICHORIUM— CINCHONA. 



Boil to five fl. ounces, strain, and add 
Sugar half a drachm to a drachm 

Bitter almond water one scruple 

To be taken during the day. Grd/e. 

R. Carrageen four scruples 

New milk twenty-four fl. ounces 

Boil for ten minutes, express, and add 
Orange-flower 

water one ounce and a-half 

Carrageen Jelly. 

R . Carrageen two drachms 

New milk one pint 

Boil to consistence of jelly, strain, and add 

Sugar one ounce 

Bitter almonds two 

Radius. 

R. Mucilage of carrageen five ounces 

Sugar four ounces 

Evaporate to eight ounces, by a gentle 

heat; strain, and add 

Essence of citron fifty drops 

Beral. 

Carrageen Mixture. 

R. Carrageen half a drachm 

Water sufficient 

obtai 

and add 

Phosphate of 

soda one drachm and a-half 

Syrup of opium three drachms 

A spoonful, every two hours, in hemop- 
tysis. Clams. 



CICHORIUM. 

Succory. 



The Cichorium intybus is a perennial herbace- 
i >us plant, indigenous to Europe, but naturalized 
in many places in this country. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. aequal. Nat. Syst. Asteraceae. 

The whole plant is bitter, the root the most 
so. It is tonic, aperient, and deobstruent. The 
dried and torrefied root is used in Europe to mix 
with, or as a substitute for coffee. 

Extract op Succory. 
R. Juice of succory at will 

Evaporate to proper consistence. Guiboxirt. 

Dose, from ten grains to half a drachm. 

Infusion of Succory. 
R . Dried succory half an ounce 

Boiling water two pints 

Infuse and strain, and add 

Syrup of maidenhair one drachm 

Cottereau. 

Compound Syrup of Succory. 
R. Juice of succory 
dandelion 



fumitory, each, six ounces 

Sugar one pound 

Boil to proper consistence, and strain. 

As a diuretic. 

St. Marie. 



CIMICIFUGA. 
Black Snakeroot. 

This is the root of Cimicifuga racemosa, a na- 
tive, found in many parts of the United States, 
in shady places. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. di pent. Nat. Syst. Ranun- 
culacese. 

Torrey and Gray, Fl. 1. 36. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
92. 

The root is thick, contorted, dark brown, with 
numerous radicles. The odor is peculiar and un- 
pleasant, and the taste bitter and somewhat 
astringent. It is acro-narcotic, and is used in 
rheumatism, dropsy, pectoral affections, chorea, 
&c. The dose of the powder, a drachm, several 
times a-day. 

Decoction of Black Snakeroot. 
R. Black snakeroot (contused) one ounce 

Water one pint 

Boil for a short time, and strain. Dose, 
one to two fl. ounces. Wood. 

Tincture of Black Snakeroot. 
R . Bruised black snakeroot four ounces 

Alcohol one pint 

Digest for fourteen days, and filter. Dose, 
twenty drops, three or four times a-day. 
Carson. 

Used in rheumatic cases. 



CINCHONA. 
Peruvian Bark. 



Cinchona is the bark of several species of 
Cinchona, all natives of South America. There 
are numerous varieties of this article used in 
medicine, but the state of our knowledge on the 
subject does not permit a reference of them to 
a particular species of the tree, except in a few 
cases. (See U. S. Dispens. 212, and Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 368.) Peruvian bark owes its properties to 
the presence of one or more alkaloids, called 
quinia, cinchonia, &c. 

It is a bitter tonic and antiperiodic, and is 
used in a variety of diseases, and is given in a 
multitude of forms. The dose in powder as a 
febrifuge is a drachm, frequently repeated as a 
tonic from ten to thirty grains. Its use is now 
much superseded by that of quinia. 

Compound Powder of Peruvian Bark. 

R. Powdered Peruvian bark 

Cremor tartar, each, one ounce 

Powdered cloves one drachm 

Mix. A drachm and a-half every two 

hours, in the apyrexia of fevers. Ellis. 



R. Powdered Peruvian bark half an ounce 
Snakeroot one drachm 

Bicarbonate of soda two scruples 

Mix, and divide into four powders, one 
to be given every two hours, in apyrexia 
of obstinate intermittents. Ellis. 

R. Powdered Peruvian bark 

uva ursi, each, one or two 
drachms 
opium three grains 

Mix, and divide into six powders, one to 
be taken three or four times a-day, fol- 
lowed by a draught of two ounces of lime 
water. Antilithic. Ferriar. 

R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce 
Tartar emetic two grains 

Opium one grain 

Mix, and divide into four powders; one to 
be taken every two hours. Brera. 

R. Powdered Peruvian bark 

Sulphate of magnesia, each, six 

drachms 
Mix, and divide into four powders. One 
every two hours, where purging is required, 
and at same time a tonic impression to be 
made. Ellis. 

R. Powdered Peruvian bark thirty grains 
Aromatic powder ten grains 

Make a powder, to be taken in a cup of 
milk every three hours. In convalescence 
from fevers. 

A. T. Thomson. 

Powder of Peruvian Bark and 
Arnica. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark 
arnica 

camphor equal parts 

Mix. As an application to gangrenous 
ulcers. Cadet. 

Powder op Peruvian Bark and 

Cascarilla. 

R. Powdered Peruvian bark two drachms 

cascarilla twelve grains 

Mix. In apyrexia of intermittents Foy. 

Powder of Peruvian Bark and 

Camphor. 

R. Powdered Peruvian bark half an ounce 

camphor one scruple 

gum Arabic two drachms 

Mix. As an application to atonic ulcers. 

Gen. Ph. 

Peruvian Bark Dentifrice Powders. 

R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce 

and a-half 

redsaunders half an ounce 

Oil of bergamot 

11 



CINCHONA. 161 

Oil of cloves, each, twelve drops 

Mix. Hufeland. 

R. Powdered Peruvian bark three ounces 

cremor tartar 

sage leaves 

myrrh, each, half an ounce 

catechu six drachms 

Oil of cloves sixteen drops 

Mix. Hesse Ph. 

R. Powdered Peruvian bark 

charcoal, each, one drachm 
and a-half 

cinnamon half a drachm 
Mix. Soubeiran. 

R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce 

orris root 

sage leaves 

myrrh, each, half an ounce 
Mix. Fidda. Disp. 

R . Powdered Peruvian bark two ounces 

muriate of ammonia half an 

ounce 

orris root one ounce 

catechu 

myrrh, each, six drachms 

Oil of cloves twelve drops 

Mix. Pideret. 

Powder of Peruvian Bark and 
Valerian. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark two drachms 
valerian one drachm 

Mix. Divide into four powders. In ner- 
vous disorders. Ratier. 

Powder of Peruvian Bark and 

Isinglass. 

R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce 

isinglass one drachm 

and a-half 

Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. 

Dose, at first, from three to six a-day, in 

passive menorrhagia, leucorrhcea, chronic 

diarrhoea, &c. Brera. 

Peruvian Bark Mixture. 

R. Powdered Peruvian bark half an ounce 

Confection of opium one drachm 

Lemon juice two drachms 

Port wine four fl. ounces 

Mix. A wincglassful every two hours, in 

the apyrexia of intermittent fever. Ellis. 

R. Powdered Peruvian bark two drachms 
Wine of opium sixty drops 

Nitrate of potassa five grains 

Infusion of gentian six ounces 

Mix. An ounce every two hours. 

Pierquin. 



162 



CINCHONA. 



R. Powdered Peruvian bark two drachms 

Compound tincture of bark onefl. ounce 

Decoction of bark three fl. ounces 

Syrup half fl. ounce 

Mis. A tablespoonful every one or two 

hours in the apyrexia. Ellis. 

R. Powdered Peruvian 

bark one ounce and a-half 

Magnesia six drachms 

Saffron one scruple 

Conserve of opium two drachms 

White wine 

Water, each, twelve ounces 

Mix. To be taken in divided doses, during 
the day, in apyrexia. Giordano. 

R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce 
Alcohol eight ounces 

Sulphuric ether two drachms 

Mix. A spoonful every hour, or two hours. 
Augustin. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce 
ginger twenty grains 

Red wine eight fl. ounces 

Sugar one ounce 

Mix. To be taken during the apyrexia. 
Radius. 
Extract of Peruvian Bark. 
R. Peruvian bark, in coarse 

powder, one pound 

Alcohol four pints 

Water sufficient 

Macerate the bark in the alcohol for four 
days, and obtain tincture by displacement. 
When the liquid measures four pints, set 
aside, and obtain six pints of infusion. 
Distil off alcohol from tincture, and eva- 
porate infusion to the consistence of thin 
honey ; mix, and evaporate to proper con- 
sistence. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, ten to thirty grains. 

Vinous Extract of Peruvian Bark. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark one part 
White wine eight parts 

Digest for three days, express, strain, and 
evaporate to proper consistence. 

Hesse Ph. 
Compound Bolus of Extract of Pe- 
ruvian Bark. 
R. Extract of Peruvian 

bark twenty grains 

Nitrate of potassa thirty grains 

Conserve of orange peel sufficient 

Mix, and form five boluses. Pierquin. 

Compound Pills of Extract of Peru- 
vian Bark. 
R. Extract of Peruvian bark 



Extract of gentian, each, one drachm 

Sulphate of iron half a drachm 

Powdered myrrh one drachm 

Oil of caraway ten drops 

Syrup of ginger sufficient 

Beat together into mass, and form forty 

pills. Three to be taken, three times 

a-day. Ellis. 

R. Extract of Peruvian bark one drachm 

opium one grain 

Camphor twelve grains 

Powdered Peruvian bark sufficient 

Beat into a mass, and form twelve pills. 

One to be taken, three or four times a-day. 

Ellis. 
R. Extract of Peruvian bark 
rhubarb 
gentian 

blessed thistle equal parts 
Beat into mass, and form pills of four 
grains. Dose, one or two, three times 
a-day. St. Marie. 

R. Extract of Peruvian bark 

gentian, each, one drachm 

Sulphate of iron half a drachm 

Powdered myrrh one drachm 

Oil of caraway ten drops 

Syrup of ginger sufficient 

Beat well together, and divide into forty 

pills. Three to be taken three times 

a-day. In the apyrexia of intermittents. 

Thomson. 
R. Extract of Peruvian bark two drachms 
Powdered alum one drachm 

Syrup sufficient 

Mix, and divide into thirty-six pills. Four 
to be taken every four or six hours. In 
passive hemorrhages. A. T. Thomson. 

Decoction of Peruvian Bark. 
R. Peruvian bark, bruised, one ounce 

Water one pint 

Boil for ten minutes, and strain while hot. 
Dose, two fl. ounces. U. S. Ph. 

R. Peruvian bark, bruised, one ounce 

Water one pint 

Boil for ten minutes, and while hot, add 

Snakeroot half an ounce 

Orange peel two drachms 

Infuse for half an hour, near the fire, in a 
covered vessel. Dose, a wineglassful 
every hour. Ellis. 

R. Decoction of Peruvian 

bark six fl. ounces 

Compound tincture of 

bark one fl. ounce 

Aromatic sulphuric acid ten drops 
Mix. A tablespoonful every hour or two. 

Ellis. 



Decoction or Peruvian Bark Mix- 
ture. 
R. Decoction of Peruvian bark sis ounces 
Tincture of Peruvian bark one ounce 
Sulphuric acid one drachm 

Syrup of orange peel half an ounce 
Mix. A tablespoonful every hour or two. 

Foy. 
R. Decoction of Peruvian 

bark eight ounces 

Infusion of arnica flowers six ounces 
Camphor two scruples 

Syrup of balsam of tolu one ounce 
Emulsion of gum four ounces 

Mix. To be taken in divided doses, dur- 
ing the day. Brugnatelli. 

Decoction op Peruvian Bark and 
Cascarilla. 



R. Peruvian bark 

Cascarilla 

Water 
Boil to eight ounces, 
and add, when cold, 

Sulphuric ether 
Mix. 



one ounce 

two drachms 

twelve ounces 

express, and strain, 



two drachms 
Copenhagen Ph. 

Decoction of Peruvian Bark and 

Rhatany. 
R. Peruvian bark 

Rhatany, each, half an ounce 

Water sufficient 

to obtain nine ounces of decoction ; strain, 
and add 

Vinous extract of Peruvian 

bark four scruples 

Compound tincture of Peruvian 

bark one fl. drachm 

Citron water one ounce 

Mix. In chronic diarrhoea. Brera. 

Compound Decoction op Peruvian 
Bark. 

R. Peruvian bark one ounce 

Virginia snakeroot half an ounce 

Orange peel two drachms 

Powdered cloves one drachm 

Carbonate of potassa one drachm 

Mix. Put the mixture into a proper ves- 
sel, with three half pints of water, boil 
down gently, to one pint; let settle, de- 
cant. Dose, a wineglassful every hour, 
for eight hours, in the apyrexia. Dewees. 

Infusion op Peruvian Bark. 

R. Peruvian bark, bruised, one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for two hours, in a covered vessel, 

and strain. JJ, S. Ph. 

Dose, two fl. ounces, as occasion may require. 



CINCHONA. 163 

• 

Infusion of Peruvian Bark with 

Lime Water. 

R . Bruised Peruvian bark two ounces 

Lime water two pints 

Infuse, and strain. A wineglassful to be 

given three or four times a-day. Ellis. 

Infusion op Peruvian Bark and 
Valerian. 
R. Bruised Peruvian 

bark one ounce and a-half 

valerian half an ounce 

Boiling water two pints 

Infuse for twelve hours, and strain. 

Fulda Disjp. 

Infusion of Peruvian Bark and 

Serpentaria. 

R. Bruised Peruvian bark ten drachms 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for four hours, then boil for half an 

hour, then add 

Snakeroot two drachms 

Infuse for two days, and strain. 

Saunders. 



Infusion of Peruvian Bark and 

Magnesia. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce 
Magnesia one drachm 

Boiling water twelve ounces 

Infuse for twelve hours, express, and strain. 
Said to be more astringent than other in- 
fusions. Van lions. 

Compound Infusion of Peruvian 
Bark. 

R. Peruvian bark 

Juniper berries, each, one drachm 
Orange peel 

Cinnamon, each, two drachms 

Winter's bark half a drachm 

Ipecacuanha fifteen grains 

Boiling water seven ounces 

Infuse, and strain, then add 
Extract of juniper 

berries one drachm and a-half 

In spoonful doses, in atonic dropsies. 

Bories. 

R. Root of scorzonera one ounce 

Contused lemon seeds two drachms 
Water six pints 

Boil to four pints; pour boiling liquid on 
Bruised Peruvian bark two ounces 
Contrayerva one ounce 

Infuse for a quarter of an hour, strain, and 

add 

Honey of elder three ounces 

As a stimulating diuretic. Span. Ph. 



164 



CINCHONA. 



Compound Infusion of Peruvian 
Bark. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce 
Aromatic sulphuric acid one fl. drachm 
Water one pint 

Macerate for twelve hours ; and strain. 

U. S. Ph. 

Dose, two fl. ounces. 

Compound Infusion of Peruvian Bark 
and Iron. 

R. Peruvian bark, in coarse 

powder, one ounce 

Sliced Colombo root three drachms 
Bruised cloves two drachms 

Iron filings half an ounce 

Digest for three days in a close vessel, add 
Peppermint water sufficient 

to yield a mixture of twelve ounces, on 

filtering, then add 

Compound tincture of 

cardamom three ounces 

Tincture of orange peel three drachms 

Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Dub. Ph. 

Electuary of Peruvian Bark. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce 

Syrup of orange peel sufficient 

Mix. A teaspoonful every hour. Radius. 

Astringent Electuary of Peruvian 

Bark. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark 

orange peel, each, six 

drachms 
crabs' eyes two drachms 
Conserve of red roses 

rose hips, each, six drachms 
Syrup of catechu sufficient 

Mix. Dose, one drachm, two or three 
times a-day, in chronic diarrhoea. 

Saunders. 
Electuary of Peruvian Bark and 
Catechu. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce 
catechu 
Balsam of tolu, each, one drachm 

Syrup of comfrey sufficient 

Divide into ten doses, one to be taken twice 
or three times a-day, in some appropriate 
vehicle. Much praised in hemoptysis. 

Pierquin. 
Electuary of Peruvian Bark and 
Tin. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce 
tin 

valerian, each, half an ounce 
Syrup sufficient 

Mix. Dose, a drachm, morning and even- 
ing, in epilepsy. Cadet. 



Electuary of Peruvian Bark and 

Cloves. 

R. Peruvian bark two ounces 

Cloves one drachm 

Simple syrup sufficient 

to form electuary. A piece, the size of a 

nutmeg, every two hours in the apyrexia 

of intermittent fever. Deicees. 

Electuary of Peruvian Bark and 
Iron. 
R . Powdered Peruvian bark six drachms 
Pure oxide of iron 

Confection of opium, each, two drachms 
Syrup of cinnamon sufficient 

Mix. Dose, a drachm, morning and even- 
ing, in ascites, after the evacuation of the 
fluid. Cadet 

Electuary of Peruvian Bark and 
Sulphur. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark one drachm 
sulphur 
crabs' eyes 

spermaceti, each, two 

drachms 

Extract of opium four grains 

Powdered mushrooms one drachm and 

a-half 

Conserve of roses four drachms 

Syrup of milfoil sufficient 

Mix. Dose, two scruples, three times a-day. 

Highly praised in phthisis. Cadet. 

Tincture of Peruvian Bark. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark six ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 

Generally employed as an adjuvant to other 
preparations of bark, in the dose of one to four 
fluid drachms. 

Compound Tincture of Peruvian 
Bark. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark two ounces 
Bruised orange peel one ounce and a-half 
snakeroot three drachms 

Saffron, cut, 

Red saunders, rasped, each, one drachm 

Diluted alcohol twenty fl. ounces 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. U. S. Ph. 

An excellent stomachic and useful adjunct to 

other preparations of bark. 

Tincture of Peruvian Bark and 
Valerian. 
R. Tincture of Peruvian bark 

valerian, each, one fl. ounce 

cardamom two fl. drachms 

Mint water four fl. ounces 



CINCHONA. 165 



Mix. A tablespoonful every three hours, 
as a tonic in nervous temperaments. Ellis. 

Tincture of Peruvian Bark and 

Snakeroot. 

R. Powdered bark three ounces 

snakeroot two ounces 

contrayerva one ounce 

Alcohol sixteen fl. ounces 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, express, 

and filter. Dose, fifty to sixty drops. 

Van Mons. 
Tincture op Peruvian Bark and 
Ammonia. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce 
Ammoniated alcohol eight fl. ounces 
Macerate for eight days in a covered ves- 
sel, express, and filter. Swediaur. 

Tincture of Peruvian Bark and 
Gentian. 
R. Bruised Peruvian bark eight parts 
gentian 

orange peel, each, three parts 

Diluted alcohol ninety-six parts 

Macerate for three days, express, and filter. 

Foy. 
Tincture op Bark and Canthariees. 
R. Tincture of bavk three ounces 

Paregoric elixir half an ounce 

Tincture of Spanish flies one drachm 
Mix. Used, it is stated, with great success, 
in hooping-cough. To be given in small 
doses, until a slight strangury is caused. 
Sutcliffe. 
Cataplasm op Peruvian Bark. 
R. Cataplasm of linseed meal one pound 
Powdered Peruvian bark four ounces 
Mix. Foy. 

R. Powdered Peruvian bark 

charcoal, each, one ounce 

camphor one drachm and 

a-half 

Spirits of turpentine sufficient 

Mix. Phoebus. 

These cataplasms are employed as applica- 
tions to gangrenous ulcers, &c. 

Cerate op Peruvian Bark. 
R. Simple cerate eight ounces 

Camphor one drachm and a-half 

Hub together, and gradually incorporate 

Decoction of Peruvian bark one ounce 
An application to ill-conditioned ulcers. 

Van Mons. 

Peruvian Bark Pomatum. 

R. Extract of Peruvian bark half a drachm 

Oil of roses two drops 

bcrgamot eight drops 



three drachms 
tweh 



Beef marrow half an ounce 

Incorporate well. As an application to 
promote the growth of the hair. Phoebus. 

Peruvian Bark Gelatine. 

R. Bruised Peruvian bark 

"Water, each, four ounces 

Boil, express, strain, and add 

Gelatine three drachms 

White sugar one ounce and a-half 

To be taken in spoonfuls, in the apyrexia 

of intermittents. Pierquin. 

Clyster op Peruvian Bark. 
R. Decoction of Peruvian bark four ounces 
Yolk of egg one 

Powdered Peruvian 

bark 
Tincture of opium 
Mix. 
R. Extract of Peruvian 

bark half a drachm 

Warm water four fl. ounces 

Dissolve, and add 

Olive oil half a fl. ounce 

Tincture of opium ten drops 

Mix. To be administered every four 
hours, in the apyrexia of intermittents. 

Ellis. 
Gargle op Peruvian Bark. 
R. Tincture of Peruvian bark 

Syrup of mulberries, each, four fl. 
drachms 
Spirit of horseradish one drachm 

Infusion of sage six fl. ounces 

Mix. In obstinate sore throat, when act- 
ive inflammation has subsided. Cadet. 

Lotion op Peruvian Bark. 
R . Extract of Peruvian bark 

Sulphuric ether, each, one drachm 

Alcohol seven drachms 

Mix. As a friction, three times a-day, in 

weakness of the back. Augustin. 

Peruvian Bark Beer. 
R. Bruised Peruvian 

bark one and a-half ounces 

Cinnamon two drachms 

Rasped nutmeg seven drachms 

Yeast two ounces 

Sugar twenty-five ounces 

Water one hundred fl. ounces 

Mix, and expose to a warm temperature 

after fermentation, decant, and strain. 

Three or four glasses to be taken during 

the apyrexia of intermittents. Ferrara Ph. 

Compound Syrup of Peruvian Bark. 
R Powdered Peruvian bark two drachms 



166 



CINCHONIA. 



Powdered seneka half a drachm 

liquorice one drachm 

Contused poppy heads three 

ipecacuanha one scruple 

Ground ivy 

Hyssop 

Pennyroyal; each, a handful 

Sugar one pound 

Water sufficient 
Boil, and make a syrup. Three spoonfuls 

a day, in hooping-cough. Bories. 

Wine of Peruvian Bark. 
R . Powdered Peruvian bark one part 

White wine twelve parts 

Digest for twenty-four hours, often stirring, 
and filter. Cotiereau. 

R. Red wine twenty parts 

Tincture of Peruvian bark one part 
Mix. Niemann. 

Wine op Peruvian Bark and Iron. 

R. Bruised Peruvian 

bark, one ounce and a-half 

Oxide of iron half an ounce 

Powdered cinnamon two drachms 

Sugar one ounce 

White wine two pints 

Mis, and digest for two days, and filter. 

Dose, an ounce, two or three times a-day, 

as a tonic. 

Wine of Peruvian Bark and Calamus. 

R. Bruised Peruvian bark 

Calamus, each, one ounce and a-half 

Quassia 

Cinnamon 

Elder flowers, each, six drachms 

Alcohol three pints 

Water eighteen pints 

Macerate, express, strain, and add 

Tincture of iron twelve ounces 

Orange-flower 

water, one pint and a-half 

Syrup six ounces 

Mix. Dose, two drachms, morning and 

evening, in leucorrhoea and gonorrhoea. 

Cadet. 
Peruvian Bark Mixture. 

R. Peruvian bark six drachms 

Confection of opium three drachms 
Cremor tartar two drachms 

Water six ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful every hour, in the 

apyrexia. Dewces. 

Syrup of Peruvian Bark. 
R. Extract of bark fourteen drachms 
White wine two pounds 

White sugar three pounds 



Dissolve the extract in the wine, filter, 
form a syrup with the sugar, with the aid 
of a very moderate heat. Monchon. 



CINCHONIA. 

ClNCHONIA. 

An alkaloid existing in Peruvian bark ; most 
abundant in the pale kinds. It is white, trans- 
lucent, and crystallizable, but little soluble in 
water ; very bitter, and has much the same pro- 
perties as quinia. 

ClNCHONIA. 

R. Pale bark one thousand parts 

Muriatic acid sixty-four parts 

Water twelve thousand parts 

Quicklime one hundred parts 

Exhaust the bark by three successive boilings 
with a third part of the acid and water, each 
time, unite the decoctions, add the lime, diffused 
in water, wash, and dry the precipitate ; treat 
it with alcohol, filter whilst hot, distil in a 
water-bath, evaporate to dryness, digest in cold 
alcohol, dissolve the residue in boiling alcohol, 
with the addition of some animal charcoal, filter 
whilst hot, and crystallize. Par. Cod. 

Pills of Cinchonia. 

R. Cinchonia one scruple 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and form twenty-four pills. Dose, 

two to eight. Cadet. 

Muriate of Cinchonia. 
R. Cinchonia at will 

Muriatic acid sufficient 

to saturate, filter, evaporate, and crystal- 
lize. Giordano. 

Kinate of Cinchonia. 
R. Alcoholic solution of sulphate 

of cinchonia at will 

Aqueous solution of kinate 

of lime sufficient 

to produce full precipitate ; filter, evapo- 
rate, redissolve, and crystallize. Magendie. 

Sulphate of Cinchonia. 
R. Cinchonia at will 

Diluted sulphuric acid sufficient 

to dissolve the cinchonia, evaporate, and 
crystallize Guihourt. 

Pills of Sulphate of Cinchonia. 
R . Sulphate of cinchonia half a drachm 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and make thirty pills. Dose, one 
to eight. Cadet. 

Boluses of Cinchonia. 
R . Sulphate of cinchonia three grains 

Crumb of bread 

Honey 

Liquorice, each, sufficient 



CINNAMOMUM. 



Mix, and form boluses. One every two 
hours. Brera. 

Syrup of Cinchonia. 
R. Sulphate of cin- 
chonia forty-eight grains 
Syrup one pint 
Mix. A spoonful is a dose. Cadet. 
R. Sulphate of cin- 
chonia twenty-four grains 
Orange-flower water two drachms 
Syrup twelve fl. ounces 
Mix. As above. Giordano. 

Wine of Cinchonia. 
R. Sulphate of cin- 
chonia twenty-four grains 
Maderia wine two pints 
Make solution, and filter. Dose, one to 
four ounces. Cottereau. 

Tincture op Cinchonia. 
R. Sulphate of cinchonia twelve grains 
Alcohol one ounce 

Dissolve. Foy. 

Mixture op Sulphate op Cinchonia. 

R. Sulphate of cinchonia three grains 
Peppermint water three ounces 

Syrup of capillaire one ounce 

Mix. To be taken in four doses, during 

the day. Cadet. 



CINNAMOMUM. 

Cinnamon. 

This is the bark of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, 
and C. aromaticum, and also, perhaps, of other 
species; all natives of various parts of the tropi- 
cal regions of Asia. That most commonly used 
in this country, is what is termed cassia, in com- 
merce, and is imported from China. 

Sex. Syst. Enneand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lau- 
racese. 

Nees. Laurinese. 52. Griffith, Med. Bot. 555. 

It is in tubular pieces, of a light brownish red 
color, of an aromatic, warm, agreeable taste, and 
of a fragrant, peculiar smell. It is a warm cor- 
dial stimulant. Dose, in powder, ten grains to a 
scruple. 

Compound Powder op Cinnamon. 
R. Powdered cinnamon 

ginger, each, 
Cardamom seeds 
Rasped nutmeg, each, 
Rub together. 

Stimulant, and carminative 
thirty grains, in debility of the stomach, with 
flatulence. 

R. Powdered cinnamon one ounce 

cloves 
ginger 
nutmeg, each, three drachms 



two ounces 

one ounce 
U. S. Ph. 

Dose, ten to 



167 

Powdered mace two drachms 

red saunders half an ounce 
sugar thirty-two ounces 
Mix well. Dose, from ten grains to a 

Ph. 



Mix. 



twenty grains 

twelve grains 

six grains 

six drachms 

half an ounce 



drachm 

R. Powdered cinnamon 
cloves 
vanilla 
Rice flour 
Sugar 

Dose, six grains to a scruple. 

Speilmann. 
Cinnamon Lozenges. 
R. Powdered sugar 

Cinnamon water, each, six ounces 

Boil to syrup, and add 

Powdered sugar one pound 

Oil of cinnamon one drachm and a-half 

Mix, make lozenges, and dry. Taddei. 

Compound Electuary op Cinnamon. 

R. Confection of orange peel, three ounces 

nutmeg one ounce and 

a-half 

six drachms 

half an ounce 

sufficient 

Mix. Swediaur. 



ginger 
Powdered cinnamon 
Syrup of orange peel 



Inpusion op Cinnamon. 

R. Bruised cinnamon half an ounce 

Boiling water two pints 

Infuse. In dyspepsia and nervous 

colics. Radius. 

Compound Vinegar op Cinnamon. 
R. Cinnamon 



Cloves 

Nutmeg, each, 
Peppermint 
Lavender 
Rosemary, each, 
Vinegar 
Diluted alcohol 



one drachm 
half an ounce 

one ounce 

eight fl. ounces 

twenty fl. ounces 



Mix, and distil twenty-eight ounces. Used 
as an aromatic. Van Mons. 

Compound Wine op Cinnamon. 
R. Powdered cinnamon 

Cloves 

Mace 

Cardamom, each, half a drachm 

White wine two pints 

Boil, filter, and add 

Sugar ten ounces 

As a cordial stomachic and stimulant. 

August in. 

Tincture op Cinnamon. 
R. Bruised cinnamon three ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 



168 



COCCULUS. 



Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one to four fl. drachms. 

Compound Tincture of Cinnamon. 
R. Bruised cinnamon one ounce 

cardamom seeds half an ounce 
ginger three drachms 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 

A warm, aromatic tincture, useful in flatu- 
lence, gastrodynia, &c. Dose, one to two fl. 
drachms. 

R. Bruised cinnamon one ounce 

cloves 
nutmeg 
Cut saffron, each, half an ounce 

Bruised calamus one drachm 

mace two drachms 

Fresh lemon peel no. two 

orange peel no. one 

Diluted alcohol one pint and a-half 
Digest, express, and filter. Dose fifty to 
eighty drops, as a stomachic. 

Wirtemberg Ph. 

Tincture of Cinnamon Gargle. 

R . Tincture of cinnamon one part 

Syrup of currants two parts 

Peppermint water sixteen parts 

Mix. In malignant sore throat. Foy. 

Ethereal Tincture of Cinnamon. 

R. Bruised cinnamon three drachms 

cardamom half an ounce 

angelica one drachm and 

a-half 

long pepper one drachm 

Sulphuric ether five fl. ounces 

Diluted alcohol ten fl. ounces 

Macerate for eight days, express, and 

filter. Stomachic and carminative. Dose, 

thirty to fifty drops. Niemann. 

Water of Cinnamon. 

R. Oil of cinnamon half fl. drachm 

Carbonate of magnesia half a drachm 

Distilled water two pints 

Bub the oil with the magnesia, and both 

with the water, and filter. U. S. Ph. 

Mostly employed as a vehicle or adjuvant to 

other medicines. 

Compound Cinnamon Water. 
R. Sage 



two parts 
one part 



Peppermint 
Lavender, each, 
Fennel 
Cinnamon, each, 



Water one hundred and twenty parts 
Mix, and distil seventy-two parts. In 
spoonful doses. Saxon Ph. 

Oil of Cinnamon. 
R. Bruised cinnamon at will 

Water sufficient 

Distil, and separate the oil. Par. Cod. 

Cinnamon Spice Plaster. 
R. Olibanum three ounces 

Yellow wax half an ounce 

Powdered cinnamon six drachms 

Oil of pimento 

lemons, each, two drachms 
Melt the wax and olibanum, and add the 
cinnamon, rubbed with the oils. Coxe. 



COCCULUS. 

Cocculus Indicus. 

This is the fruit of Anamirta cocculus, a woody 
vine, native of the East Indias. 

Sex. Syst. Dicec. dodecand. Nat. Syst. Menis- 
permacffi. 

Wight and Arnott, 1. 449. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
105. 

They are about the size of a pea, roundish, 
with a thin, dry, blackish, external coat, inclos- 
ing another of a lighter color, containing an oily, 
bitter, white kernel. They are inodorous, but of 
a permanent, bitter taste. They are aero narcotic, 
and owe their properties to the presence of a 
peculiar principle, called picrotoxin. They are 
seldom used in medicine. 

Ointment of Cocculus Indicus. 
R. Cocculus indicus at will 

Separate the kernels, beat them in a mor- 
tar, first alone, then with a little lard, 
finally, add lard equal to five times the 
weight of kernels. Ed. Ph. 

Used for the destruction of vermin, and in 
the treatment of ringworms and scabies of the 
scalp. 

Ointment of Picrotoxin. 
R. Picrotoxin six grains 

Lard one ounce 

Mix well. In tinea. Radius. 



COCCUS, 



Cochineal. 

Cochineal is a small, hemipterous insect, in- 
habiting Mexico and some parts of South America , 
living principally on different species of cactus, 
and especially the Opuntia cochinilkfera. It is 
in grains of reddish-black, often covered with a 
white powder. It has a feeble odor, and a bit- 
terish, somewhat acidulous taste. The powder 
is of a reddish-purple color, tinging fluids of a 
deep red. It is said to be somewhat anodyne 



C CHLE ARIA— C OFFEA. 



and antispasmodic, but is principally used as a 
coloring agent. 

Tincture of Cochineal. 

R. Powdered cochineal one part 

Diluted alcohol eight parts 

Macerate eight days, express, and filter. 

Advised in convulsive coughs. Beral. 

Mixture of Cochineal and Carb. 
Potassa. 
R. Carbonate of potassa one scruple 

Powdered cochineal half a scruple 
Sugar one drachm 

Distilled water four fl. ounces 

Make mixture. Dose, for children, a tea- 
spoonful, every two or three hours. A 
highly popular remedy in hooping-cough. 

Ellis. 
Mixture of Cochineal and Common 

Salt. 
R. Common salt three drachms 

Powdered cochineal fifteen grains 

Divide into six doses. One to be taken 
every morning, the last followed by a 
purge. As a vermifuge. Rush. 



COCHLEABJA. 

Scurvy Grass. 

Scurvy grass is the Cochlearia officinalis, an 
herbaceous plant, native of the northern parts of 
Europe, and cultivated there and in the United 
States as a garden herb. 

Sex. Syst. Tetradyn. silic. Nat. Syst. Brassi- 



The whole herb is used ; it has a penetrating 
and acrid smell when bruised, and a pungent, 
bitter taste. It is antiscorbutic, aperient, and 
diuretic. 

Electuary oe Scurvy Grass. 
R. Conserve of scurvy 

grass one ounce and a-half 

Calamus one drachm 

Syrup of orange peel 

Aromatic sulphuric acid, each, sufficient 

Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, as 

an antiscorbutic. Augustin. 

Gargle of Scurvy Grass. 

R. Spirit of scurvy grass one drachm 
Syrup of Peruvian bark half an ounce 
Infusion of water cress eight ounces 

Mix. As a gargle in scurvy. Foy. 



CODEIA. 

CODEIA. 
An alkaloid obtained from opium, and bearing 
the same relation to morphia that cinchonia does 



169 

to quinia. It is precipitated by tannin, and is 
soluble in ether, but is not thrown down from a 
dilute solution of its salts by ammonia. It acts 
somewhat like morphia, but produces great itch- 
ing of the skin. 

CODEIA. 

R. Opium at will 

Macerate in a sufficient quantity of water, 
decant, treat with chloride of calcium, filter, 
evaporate, and crystallize; decompose by 
ammonia, filter, concentrate fluid, crystal- 
lize, dissolve the crystals in water, add a 
slight excess of caustic potassa, dissolve 
the precipitate in alcohol and ether, and 
crystallize. Dose, one to two grains, in 
neuralgia, &c. Cottereau. 

R . Mother water of morphia (by 

Gregory's process) at will 

Evaporate and crystallize; re-dissolve the 
crystals, and re-crystallize. Treat with so- 
lution of potassa, which dissolves the mor- 
phia and precipitates the codeia; wash the 
latter with a little water, dissolve in hot 
ether, and suffer the solution to evaporate 
spontaneously. 

Syrup of Codeia. 
R. Codeia twenty-four grains 

Distilled water four fl. ounces 

Sugar eight ounces 

Reduce codeia to fine powder, triturate with 
one-third of water, allow to settle and de- 
cant; treat residue with the remainder of 
water, at two operations. Treat in a ma- 
trass on water-bath till quite dissolved, add 
sugar, and dissolve. Cap. 

Dose, one drachm, night and morning ; gradu- 
ally increased in neuralgic irritation of the stom- 
ach, hooping-cough, &c. 

Muriate of Morphia and Codeia. 
R. Opium at will 

Treat with water, add a strong solution of 
chloride of calcium, filter with animal char- 
coal, evaporate, and crystallize. Magendie. 

Dose, half a grain to a grain. 



COFFEA. 

COFFEE. 

Coffee is the product principally of Coffea jira- 
bica, a small tree, native of the eastern coast of 
Africa, but now cultivated in most tropical re- 
gions. The varieties are very numerous, and in 
some cases probably are derived from other spe- 
cies. 

Sex. Syst. Pontand. monog. Nat. Syst. Cin- 
chonacete. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 245. Griffith, Med. Bot. 361. 

Raw coffee has febrifuge properties, and has 
been used with success in tho treatment of inter- 



170 COLCHICUM. 



mittents. In a roasted state it acts on the ner- 
vous system, producing wakefulness, and also 
somewhat excites the circulatory system. It is 
said to be useful in periodic asthma, and is an 
efficient anti-emetic. 

Decoction of Raw Coffee. 
R. Raw coffee one ounce 

Water eighteen ounces 

Roil to two-thirds, strain, and add 

Lemon juice two ounces 

To be taken warm, during the apyrexia. 

Foy. 

Vinegar of Coffee. 
R. Roasted coffee, ground, three ounces 
Vinegar twelve ounces 

Roil, strain, and add 

Sugar one ounce and a-half 

Two spoonfuls occasionally, in poisoning by 

opium, after the evacuation of the poison. 

Pierquin. 

Syrup of Coffee. 
R. Coffee, roasted, four ounces 

Water two pints 

Refined sugar three pounds 

Infuse the coffee in a pint and a-half of the 
water for six hours, boil in a water-bath, 
let settle, decant, and add remainder of the 
water. Let stand for some hours; decant, 
add sugar, form syrup, and strain. Dose, 
from one ounce to two. Ferrari. 



COLCHICUM. 

COLCHICUM. 

The Colchicum autumnale, or meadow saffron, 
is a bulbous plant, a native of most parts of Eu- 
rope, flowering in the autumn, and putting forth 
its leaves, and perfecting its seed the succeeding 
spring. 

Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Melan- 
thacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 485. Griffith, Med. Bot. 644. 

The parts used are the bulb and the seeds. 
The first is of a brown color externally, white 
within, rounded on one side, flattened on the 
other, of scarcely any smell, but an acrid, bitter 
taste ; the seeds are small, rounded, of a brown- 
ish yellow color, and of the same taste as the 
bulb. They owe their properties to the pre- 
sence of colchicia. 

Colchicum is principally used in the various 
forms of gout and rheumatism. It is an active 
irritant, and in large doses, acro-narcotic. The 
dose of the powdered bulb is two to eight grains, 
every four or six hours, that of the seeds much 
the same. 

Extract of Colchicum Rulb. 
R. Fresh colchicum bulb one pound 

Rruise in stone mortar, express juice, eva- 
porate to proper consistence. Lond. Ph. 



Acetic Extract of Colchicum Rulb. 
R. Fresh colchicum bulb one pound 

Acetic acid three fl. ounces 

Rruise, gradually adding acid, express, 
and evaporate in porcelain vessel to pro- 
per consistence. Lond. Ph. 
Dose, one to two grains, two or three times 
a-day. 

Colchicum Pills. 
R. Powdered colchicum three grains 

Soap sufficient 

Make three pills, to be taken during the 
day, gradually increasing to five or six. 

Ritton. 

Compound CoLcnicuM Pills. 
R. Acetic extract of col- 
chicum three grains 
Dover's powder 

Compound extract of colocynth, each, 
one grain 
Mix, and make a pill. In gout, after 
having taken, for some days, thirty to 
forty drops of colchicum wine, morning 
and evening. Halford. 

R. Extract of colchicum root two grains 

foxglove one grain 

col., comp., twenty grains 

Mix, and form five pills. One at night, 

in gout. Lartigues. 

Wine of Colchicum Root. 

R. Colchicum root, bruised, one pound 

Sherry wine two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. U. S. Ph. 

Wine of Colchicum Seeds. 
R. Colchicum seed, bruised, four ounces 
Sherry wine two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 

The dose of the first, which is saturated, is 
from ten drops to a fl. drachm ; for the second, 
one to two fl. drachms. 

R. Colchicum three ounces 

Sherry wine, deprived of its 

spirit by evaporation two ounces 
Macerate for six days, and filter. Taddei. 
This is said to be the formula of the Eau 
medicinale of Husson. 

Tincture of Colchicum Seeds. 
R. Colchicum seed, bruised, four ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, from half a fl. drachm to two fl. drachms. 
Sometimes used as an embrocation in gout, 
rheumatism, and neuralgia. 



COLCHICUM. 171 



Compound Tincture of Colchicum 

Seeds. 

R. Colchicum seeds, bruised, five ounces 

Aromatic spirit of ammonia two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. Lond. Ph. 

More stimulating than the last. Dose, thirty 
drops to a fl. drachm. 

Tincture of Colchicum Flowers. 
R. Dried colchicum flowers one ounce 
Diluted alcohol one pint 

Macerate for eight days, express, and fil- 
ter. Advised in acute rheumatism. 

Bushell. 

Yinegar of Colchicum Root. 

R. Dried colchicum root two ounces 

Distilled vinegar two pints 

Alcohol one fl. ounce 

Macerate the root in the vinegar for seven 

days, express, and let dregs subside, pour 

off and add alcohol. U. S. Ph. 

As a diuretic in dropsy, also given in gout, 
rheumatism, &c. Dose, thirty drops to two fl. 
drachms. 

Oxymel of Colchicum. 

R . Fresh colchicum root, sliced, one ounce 

Distilled vinegar one pint 

Clarified honey two pounds 

Macerate the colchicum in the vinegar for 

two days, express, and strain; add honey, 

and boil to consistence of syrup. Dub. Ph. 

Dose, one fl. drachm twice a-day. 

Vinegar of Colchicum Seeds. 
R. Colchicum seeds one part 

Distilled vinegar four parts 

Macerate a month* and filter. Beral. 

Syrup of Colchicum. 
R. Vinegar of colchicum root sixteen parts 
Sugar twenty-six parts 

Boil, by a gentle fire. Swediaur. 

Mixture of Colchicum and Magnesia. 

R. Magnesia one drachm 

Sugar 

Gum Arabic, each, sufficient 

Distilled water four fl. ounces 

Wine of colchicum forty drops 

Mix. A tablcspoonful every two hours, 

till it operates. In gout and rheumatism. 

Ellis. 

Mixture of CoLcincnuM and Sulphate 
of Magnesia. 

R. Sulphate of magnesia one to two ounces 
Mint water ten fl. ounces 

Vinegar of colchicum 



Syrup of saffron, each, 
Magnesia 



eight scruples 



Mix. Dose, one to three tablespoonfuls, 
every two hours, till four to six evacuations 
are procured in the twenty-four hours. In 
gout. Scudamore. 

Compound Wine of Colchicum. 
R. Tincture of colchicum seeds 

one scruple to half afl. drachm 

Wine of colchicum seeds half afl. ounce 

Mix. Fifteen to forty drops, three times 

a-day. Weber. 

Tincture of Colchicum Mixture. 
R. Tincture of colchicum seeds 
guaiacum, each, 

three fl. drachms 
Mix. Thirty to forty drops, three times 
a-day, in chronic rheumatism. Radius. 

Tincture of Colchicum and Digitalis. 
R. Tincture of colchicum seed 
digitalis, each, 

two fl. drachms 
Nitric ether one scruple 

Mix. Twenty drops, morning and even- 
ing, on sugar, in hydrothorax. Hildebrand. 

Colchicum Mixture. 
R. Wine of colchicum seed thirty drops 
Denarcotized lauda- 
num twenty-five drops 
Sugar thirty grains 
Water one ounce 
Mix. Found useful in acute rheumatism. 
To be taken at night. Dewees. 

Colchicum Mixture. 
R. Wine of colchicum seeds forty drops 
Acetic tincture of opium twenty drops 
Sugar thirty grains 

Water one ounce 

Mix. In gout, after inflammation is al- 
layed. To be taken at bedtime. Dewees. 
R. Expressed juice of colchicum 

flowers two parts 

Brandy one part 

Mix, and let rest for a few days; decant, 

and keep for use in well-stopped bottles. 

Wilson. 

Said to be identical in every respect to the 

Eau medicinale of Husson. 

Mixture of Colchicum and 
Elaterium. 
R. Elaterium one grain 

Spirit of nitric ether two fl. ounces 
Tincture of squills 
Oxymel of colchicum, each, 

half a fl. ounce 

Syrup one fl. ounce 

Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times 

a-day, in hydrothorax. Ferriar. 



172 



COLLINSONIA— COLOCYNTHIS. 



Vinegar af Colchicum Mixture. 
R. Vinegar of colchicum 

Syrup, each, half a fl. ounce 

Carbonate of magnesia one drachm 
and a-half 
Peppermint water four ounces 

Mix. In tablespoonful doses, as a sudo- 
rific in gout, &c. Foy. 

Mixture or Colchicum and Squills. 
R. Oxymel of colchicum 
squills 
Tincture of tobacco, each, half fl. ounce 
Mix. A teaspoonful four times a-day. As 
a diuretic in dropsy. Requires caution. 
Ferriar. 
Mixture op Wine oe Colchicum. 
R. Wine of colchicum . half fl. drachm 
Carbonate of magnesia one drachm 
Cinnamon water 

Distilled water, each, three fl. ounces 
Mix. A tablespoonful, three times a-day. 
As a diuretic. Ellis. 

Mixture op Colchicum and Ammonia. 
R. Oxymel of squills 
Solution acetate of am- 
monia, each, two fl. ounces 
Parsley water six fl. ounces 
Mix. A spoonful, every two hours, as a 
diuretic. Auyustin. 
Liniment op Colchicum and Camphor. 
R. Tincture of colchicum root 

camphor, each, three fl. 
ounces 
Mix. As an embrocation, in gout, rheu- 
matism, and neuralgia. Leycoclc. 



COLLINSONIA. 
Horse Balm. 

The Collinsonia Canadensis is a native plant, 
found in most parts of this country, in woods ; it 
is from two to three feet in height. 

Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lamiacea?. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 39. Griffith, Med. Bot. 513. 

The whole plant has a strong, peculiar, un- 
pleasant odor, and a warm, pungent taste : these 
are most developed in the root ; this is knotty 
and hard. It is diuretic, diaphoretic, and tonic ; 
and is popularly used in diseases of the bladder, 
leucorrhaea, and dropsy, and externally as a fo- 
mentation to wounds, ulcers, &c. 

Decoction of Horse Balm. 

R. Horse balm root, bruised, two ounces 

Water two pints 

Boil for half an hour, and strain. Dose, 

a wineglassful, every two hours, in dropsy. 

Tincture of Horse Balm. 
R. Bruised horse balm root two ounces 



Diluted alcohol one pint 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. Dose, a teaspoonful. 

Oil of Horse Balm. 
R. Horse balm at will 

Water suflicient 

Distil, return product, and redistil, collect 
product. Dose, five to ten drops. 



COLOCYNTHIS. 

COLOCYNTH. 

Colocynth is the dried pulp of the fruit of 
Citrullus colocynthis, a cucurbitaceous vine found 
in many parts of Asia and Africa. The fruit is 
a round pepo, of the size and color of an orange, 
with a thin, but hard rind, and containing nu- 
merous seeds, enveloped in a white, spongy 
pulp. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. monadelph. Nat. Sysl. 
Cucurbitaceae. 

Royle, Mat. Med. 396. Griffith, Med. Bot. 306. 

It occurs in the shops in white, round, light 
balls, composed of a spongy, dried pulp, enclos- 
ing numerous seeds. This spongy substance has 
a faint odor, but an intensely bitter and nau- 
seous taste. It is a powerful drastic and hy- 
dragogue purgative, and is seldom given alone. 

Powder op Colocynth. 
R. Colocynth one to three grains 

Gum Arabic 
Liquorice 

Sugar, each, five grains 

Mix. As a hydragogue purgative. 

Augustin. 
Extract op Colocynth. 
R. Sliced colocynth one pound 

Distilled water • two gallons 

Mix, and boil over a slow fire for six 
hours, occasionally adding more water. 
Strain while hot, and evaporate to proper 
consistence. Lond. Ph. 

Dose, from five grains to half a drachm. 
R. Colocynth pulp at will 

Diluted alcohol nine grains 

Macerate the pulp in a sufficiency of men- 
struum to cover it for twenty-four hours, 
displace till exhausted, and evaporate to 
the proper consistence. This extract is 
more active than the aqueous preparation. 
W. Procter. 
Compound Extract op Colocynth. 
R. Colocynth sliced six ounces 

Powdered aloes twelve ounces 

scammony four ounces 

cardamom one ounce 

Castile soap three ounces 

Diluted alcohol one gallon 

Macerate the colocynth in the alcohol, with 



eight parts 
four parts 



a mild heat for four days, express, and filter, 
then add the aloes, scammony, and soap, 
evaporate to proper consistence, and add 
the cardamom. U. $. Ph. 

A valuable and safe cathartic. In small doses, 
laxative. Dose, five to thirty grains. 

Compound Pills op Coloctnth. 
R. Compound extract of 

colocynth, powdered, half an ounce 
Extract of jalap, in powder, 
Calomel, each, three drachms 

G-amboge, in powder, two scruples 
Mix, and with water form mass, to be di- 
vided into one hundred and eighty pills. 
U. S. Ph. 

A most excellent cathartic, when it is wished 
to act on the biliary organs. Dose, one to three 
or four pills. 

R. Powdered aloes 

Scammony, each, 

Colocynth 

Sulphate of potassa 

Oil of cloves, each, one part 

Rectified spirit sufficient 

Pulverize the aloes, scammony, and sul- 
phate of potassa, together; mix the colo- 
cynth with them, add oil of cloves, and 
with the rectified spirit beat into a mass, 
to be divided into five-grain pills. 

Ed. Ph. 

Dose, five to fifteen grains. 

R. Compound extract of 

colocynth one scruple 

Alcoholic extract of jalap six grains 
Compound powder of scammony 
Calomel, each, ten grains 

Tartar emetic one grain 

Castile soap five grains 

Oil of cinnamon four drops 

Beat well together, and form fifteen pills. 

Dose, one to three, at bedtime. Meigs. 

R. Extract of colocynth two drachms 
Resin of jalap one drachm 

Soap one drachm and a-half 

Guaiacum three drachms 

Tartar emetic eight grains 

Oil of juniper 

Rosemary, each, four drops 

Syrup of buckthorn sufficient 

Mix well, and divide into four-grain pills. 

Dose, one to three. Barclay. 

Pills of Colocynth and Henbane. 
R. Extract of colocynth two parts 

henbane one part 

Beat together, with a few drops of rectified 
spirit, and divide into five-grain pills. 

Ed. Ph. 
Dose, five to twenty grains. 



COLOMBA. 173 

— ♦ — 

Colocynth Clyster. 
R. Extract of colocynth one scruple 

Common sait three drachms 

Syrup of dogtooth 

grass one ounce and a-half 

Infusion of chamomile five ounces 

In cerebral affections. Phoebus. 

Colocynth Mixture. 
R . Colocynth one drachm 

Boiling water six ounces 

Boil for ten minutes, strain, add, when 
cold, 

Hoffmann's anodyne one drachm 

Syrup of orange peel one ounce 

Mix. A spoonful, three times a-day, in 

ascites, or hydrothorax. Augustin. 

Tincture op Colocynth. 

R. Colocynth eight parts 

Star anise one part 

Alcohol ninety-six parts 

Macerate for three days, and filter. Dose, 

fifteen to twenty drops. Van Moris. 

Tincture of Colocynth Mixture. 
R. Tincture of colocynth two drachms 
Solution of antimoniated 

soap six drachms 

Mix. Dose, twenty to thirty drops a-day, 
in lepra and obstinate cutaneous affections. 

Heim* 



COLOMBA. 

COLUMBO. 

Columbo is the root of Coccuhis palmatus, a 
climbing plant, a native of Mozambique. 

Sex. Sijst. Diosc. hexand. Nat. Syst. Menisper- 
maceee. 

Hooker, Bot. Mag. 2970-71. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 103. 

As found in the shops, the root is in round 
slices, externally of a brown, wrinkled appear- 
ance, internally yellow. It is somewhat aromatic, 
and has a very bitter taste. It is an excellent 
bitter tonic, with no astringency. It is useful in 
diseases where the pure bitters are required, and 
generally agrees with the stomach. Dose, in 
powder, is from ten to thirty grains. 

Powder of Columbo and Iron. 
R. Powdered columbo 

Subcarbonate of iron 

Powdered rhubarb 

ginger, each, one drachm 
Mix, and make eleven powders; one to be 
taken every four hours. A. T. Thomson. 

Powder of Columbo and Magnesia. 
R. Powdered columbo ten grains 

Magnesia two scruples 

Mix. For a dose. In cardialgia. 

Brugnatelli. 



174 



COMPTONIA. 



Powder of Columbo and Ginger. 
R. Powdered columbo 

subcarbonate of iron 
rhubarb 

ginger, each, one drachm 
Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One 
to be taken three times a-day, in syrup. 

Ellis. 
Powder of Columbo and Tartrate of 

Iron. 
R. Tartrate of iron and 

potassa two scruples 

Powdered columbo half a drachm 

Mix, and divide into four powders. One 

every three or four hours, in syrup. Ellis. 

Compound Pills of Columbo. 

R. Powdered columbo four scruples 

Opium four grains 

Oil of peppermint ten drops 

Syrup of pinks sufficient 

Beat into mass, and form thirty pills. Two, 

three times a-day, in spasmodic vomiting. 

St. Marie. 

R. Powdered columbo one drachm 

rhubarb two scruples 

Extract of chamomile two drachms 

Oil of caraway five drops 

Syrup of saffron sufficient 

Form mass, and divide into pills of four 

grains. Four to be taken a-day, in mania 

with amenorrhcea. August/in. 

Infusion of Columbo. 

R. Bruised columbo half an ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Macerate two hours in a covered vessel, 

and strain. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, two fl. ounces, three or four times a-day. 

Infusion of Columbo and Ginger. 

R. Bruised columbo one ounce 

ginger two drachms 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse, and strain. A wineglass, cold, 

every two hours, in chronic diarrhoea. 

Ellis. 
Infusion of Columbo, Khubarb, &c. 
R. Bruised caraway 
columbo 

rhubarb, each, one scruple 
Boiling water eight fl. ounces 

Digest for two hours, and strain. 

R. To strained liquid three half fl. ounces 

Add 

Tincture of rhubarb one fl. drachm 
Syrup of ginger two fl. drachms 

Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful to a tablespoon- 

ful, in diarrhoea. Ellis. 



Mixture of Columbo. 

R. Columbo half a drachm 

Boil in 

Water three to five fl. ounces 

Strain, and add 

Carbonate of potassa ten grains 

Lemon juice three fl. drachms 

Tincture of opium twelve drops 

Mix. A tea to a table spoonful, every 

hour, as an anti-emetic. Ellis. 

Compound Decoction of Columbo. 
R. Columbo 

Quassia, each, two drachms 

Orange peel one drachm 

Rhubarb one scruple 

Subcarbonate of potassa half a drachm 
Water twenty fl. ounces 

Boil down to a pint, strain, and add 

Tincture of lavender half fl. ounce 
Coxe. 
Extract of Columbo. 
R. Bruised columbo two parts 

Alcohol three parts 

Water nine parts 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, distil off 
the alcohol, and evaporate to proper con- 
sistence. Cotfereaa. 

Tincture of Columbo. 
R. Columbo bruised four ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 

U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one to four fl. drachms. 

Mixture of Columbo and Cascarilla. 

R. Powdered columbo half an ounce 

Water ten fl. ounces 

Boil to six ounces, add, towards close, 
Cascarilla two drachms 

Strain, and add 

Tincture of orange peel two drachms 
Syrup of cinnamon one ounce 

A spoonful every hour, in chronic diarrhoea. 
Berends. 
Mixture of Columbo and Salep. 

R. Extract of columbo one drachm 

Decoction of salep three ounces 

Fennel sugar two scruples 

Mix. Two spoonfuls a-day, in the diarrhoea 

of children. Wendt. 



COMPTONIA. 

Sweet Fern. 



A shrubby, indigenous plant, found in the 
northern and rhiddle States. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. triand. Nat. Syst. Myricaceas. 

Aiton, Hort. Rev. iii. 334. Griffith. Med. Bot. 
584. 



It is aromatic, especially when bruised. It is 



Jt is aromatic, especially when bruised. 
a mild astringent, and is used in bowel 
plaints, in the form of decoction. 



com- 



CONIUM. 
Hemlock. 

This is an umbelliferous, poisonous plant, the 
Conium maculatum, a native of Europe, but natu- 
ralized in many parts of this country, growing in 
waste places. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Api- 
aceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 349. Griffith, Med. Bot. 339. 

Both the seeds and the leaves are used. The 
latter have a strong, unpleasant, narcotic odor, 
and a somewhat bitterish taste; the seeds possess 
these qualities in a less degree. They are both 
narcotic, but neither stimulant nor sedative, and 
are given in a variety of complaints, to alleviate, 
especially in malignant tumors, in which they 
are thought to exert a curative influence. The 
dose, in powder, is from three to four grains of 
the leaves ; and of the seeds, rather less ; twice 
a-day, gradually increasing. 

Powder of Hemlock. 
R. Powdered hemlock five grains 

liquorice six grains 

Make a powder, to be taken three times 
a-day. In scirrhous affections, scrofula, 
old ulcers, &c. 

Fecula or Hemlock. 
R. Hemlock juice at will 

Place on the fire, remove the coagulum, 
wash it well, dry, and pulverize. Dose, 
five to twenty grains. Van lions. 

Extract of Hemlock. 
R. Fresh hemlock leaves one pound 

Bruise in a stone mortar, sprinkling on 
them a little water; express the juice, heat 
to boiling point, strain, and evaporate to 
proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one grain, morning and evening, gradu- 
ally increased till it affects the system. 

Alcoholic Extract of Hemlock. 
R. Hemlock leaves, in coarse 

powder, one pound 

Diluted alcohol four pints 

Moisten powder with half a pint of the 
alcohol, and allow to macerate for twenty- 
four hours, place in percolating apparatus 
and add remainder of alcohol ; when this 
has disappeared, add water so as to keep 
powder covered. Stop process when the 
liquid passing, causes precipitate in that 
previously obtained. Distil off alcohol, 
and evaporate to proper consistence. 

U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one to two grains, twice a-day, gadually 
increasing. 



conium. 175 

Pills of Hemlock and Ipecacuanha. 
R. Extract of hemlock 

Dover's powder, each, . ten grains 
Mix, and form five pills. Two at bed- 
time, in pulmonary irritation, with rheu- 
matic and other local pains. Ellis. 
R. Extract of hemlock five drachms 
Ipecacuanha one drachm 
Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient 
Mix, and make four grains. 

Pills of Hemlock and Calomel. 

R. Extract of hemlock two scruples 

Calomel fifteen grains 

Mix, and form fifteen pills. One, three 

times a-day, in syphiloid affections. Ellis. 

Pills of Hemlock and Dandelion. 
R. Extract of hemlock 
dandelion 
Gum Arabic 

Soap, each, one drachm 

^ Honey sufficient 

Mix, and form three-grain pills. In 

glandular and other tumors. Brera. 

Infusion of Hemlock. 
R. Hemlock leaves half an ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse and strain. As a wash to cancer- 
ous and malignant ulcers. Ellis. 

Hemlock Collutory. 

R. Hemlock leaves two drachms 

Poppy seeds one drachm 

Henbane seeds half a drachm 

Milk half a pint 

Boil slightly, and strain. In rheumatic 

toothache. Phoebus. 

Tincture of Hemlock. 

R. Hemlock leaves four ounces 

Diluted alchohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, thirty drops to a fl. drachm. 

Ethereal Tincture of Hemlock. 
R. Hemlook leaves one part 

Sulphuric ether four parts 

Macerate for two days, and filter. 

Soubeiran. 

Ointment of Hemlock. 
R. Fresh hemlock leaves 

Prepared lard, each, two pounds 

Boil till the leaves becomes crisp, then 
express through linen. Pub. Ph. 

R. Juice of hemlock leaves one part 

Lard four parts 

Boil till moisture is expelled, and express 



176 CONTRAYERVA. 



through a cloth. As a dressing to pain- 
ful ulcers. Swediaur. 

Oil or Hemlock. 
R. Fecula of hemlock one part 

Olive oil four parts 

Mis, and strain. As a friction to the 
abdomen in ileus, and to the anus in 
hemorrhoids. Van Mons. 

Hemlock Plaster. 
R. Elemi two parts 

White wax one part 

Melt together, and add 

Alcoholic extract of hem- 
lock nine parts 
As an application to painful ulcers and 
malignant tumors. Guibourt. 

R. Juice of hemlock twelve parts 

Powdered hemlock six parts 

Evaporate to a pasty consistence, and add 

to, a melted mixture of 

Yellow wax ten parts 

Turpentine four parts 

Olive oil six parts 

Used as above. Pideret. 

Compound Hemlock Plaster. 

R. Yellow wax eight parts 

Resin sixteen parts 

Fecula of hemlock forty-eight parts 

Melt together, and add a melted mixture of 

Gum ammoniac four parts 

Turpentine one part 

Stir well till cold. Used as above. 

Van Mons. 
* R. Hemlock plaster one ounce 

Burgundy pitch 
Diachylon, each, half an ounce 

Mix, and spread, then sprinkle with from six 
to twelve grains of tartar, according to the age 
of the patient. Said to be very useful in hoop- 
ing-cough. 

R. Soap plaster one ounce 

Extract of hemlock half an ounce 

Powdered belladonna two drachms 

Mix. Hamburg Cod. 

Cataplasm of Hemlock. 
R. Powdered hemlock 

Linseed meal, each, one ounce 

Fecula of hemlock 

Boiling water, each, sufficient 

Mix. As an application to cancerous and 
other painful ulcers. Guibourt. 



R. Hemlock leaves 
Henbane leaves 
Lard 
Rose oil 
Decoction of mallows 



a handful 
half a handful 
half an ounce 

one ounce 
sufficient 



Mix, and boil to the consistence of cata- 
plasm. Pierquin. 
R. Powdered hemlock two ounces 

Carrot juice one pound 

Tincture of opium and 

saffron three drachms 

Linseed meal sufficient 

Make a cataplasm. In cancerous ulcers. 

Piderot. 

Mixture of Hemlock and Paregoric. 

R. Extract of hemlock one drachm 

Paregoric elixir 

Syrup of tolu, each, half fl. ounce 

Rose water four fl. ounces 

Mix. From half to a teaspoonful once 
in four hours, to a child a year old, watch- 
ing the effect, in pertussis. Pearson. 

Suppository of Hemlock. 
R. Extract of hemlock 

White wax, each, one part 

Butter of cocoa four parts 

Mix, in painful hemorrhoids and spasms 

of the rectum. Beral. 



CONTRAYERVA. 

CONTRAYERVA. 

Contrayerva is the root of Dorstenia contra- 
yerva, and other species, all natives of South 
America, Mexico, and the West Indies. They 
are perennial, dwarf, herbaceous plants, usually 
growing in high, rocky places. 

Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Mon- 
acese. 

Linn. Mat. Med. No. 124. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
577. 

The root is oblong, hard, rough, and solid, of 
a reddish-brown color, with numerous, long, 
yellowish fibres. It has an aromatic odor, 
and a warm, pungent, somewhat bitterish taste. 
It is a stimulant, tonic, and diaphoretic, and has 
been found useful in low states of the system. 
The dose of the powder is about half a drachm. 

Compound Powder of Contrayerva. 

R. Powdered contrayerva six drachms 
Virginia snakeroot two drachms 

Prepared chalk one ounce 

Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, two or three 

times a day, as a tonic. Spielmann. 

Extract of Contrayerva. 
R. Contrayerva, bruised, one part 

Boiling water six parts 

Infuse for three days, boil, strain, express, 
and evaporate to proper consistence. Dose, 
one to two scruples. Palat. Cod. 

Decoction of Contrayerva. 
R. Contrayerva, bruised, one drachm 



CONVOLVULUS PANDURATUS— COPAIBA. 



Water 
Boil for ten minutes, and strain. 



one pint 
Taddei. 



R 



Gargle op Contrayerva. 
Contrayerva half an ounce 

Figs one ounce 

Water eighteen fl. ounces 

Mix, and boil down to two-thirds. 

Saunders. 
Tincture of Contrayerva. 
R. Contrayerva one part 

Diluted alcohol eight parts 

Digest in one-half the alcohol for four 
days, strain and digest with the other half 
of the alcohol ; strain, and filter the united 
liquids. Dose, thirty to forty drops. 

Guibourt. 
Compound Tincture op Contrayerva. 
R. Contrayerva 

Virginia snakeroot, each, 

one ounce and a-half 
Juniper berries one ounce 

Spirit of ammonia six fl. ounces 

Alcohol one pint 

Macerate for four days, express, and filter. 
Dose, forty to eighty drops, as a stimulat- 
ing diaphoretic. Lip. Dhpen. 

Contrayerva Mixture. 

R. Powdered contrayerva eight grains 
Cinnamon water one fl. ounce and a-half 
Nutmeg water two fl. drachms 

Syrup of cinnamon three drachms 

Mix. A spoonful as a stomachic. 

Swediaur. 

R. Gum tragacanth 

Comp. contrayerva powder, each, 

one scruple 
Distilled water one fl. ounce 

Cinnamon water three fl. drachms 
Syrup of saffron one fl. drachm 

Mix. As a quieting draught for a woman 

after delivery. Merriman. 



CONVOLVULUS PANDURA- 
TUS. 
Wild Potato. 

This is a native plant, with a large perennial 
root, found in sandy soils in most parts of the 
United States. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Convol- 
vulacea?. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 219. Griffith, Med. Bot. (Ipormca) 
476. 

The root, as found in the shops, is in circular 
pieces, of a yellowish-brown color, scarcely any 
smell, and a bitterish, somewhat acrid taste. It 
is feebly cathartic, but i3 said to be a good diuretic 

12 



177 

in calculous complaints. Dose, as purgative, forty 
grains. As a diuretic, it is given in decoction. 



COPAIBA. 
Copaiba. 

This is the juice of Copaifera officinalis and 
other species, all large trees, natives of South 
America and principally of Brazil. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Faba- 
cese. 

Linn. Sp. PL 557. Griffith, Med. Bot. 264. 

This juice or balsam is clear and transparent, 
of a pale yellowish color ; a peculiar and some- 
what unpleasant odor, and a bitterish, pungent, 
nauseous taste. It is rather more consistent than 
olive oil when fresh, but, by age, becomes thicker, 
and may even assume the solidity of a resin. It 
is stimulant, diuretic, and cathartic, and is prin- 
cipally used in morbid discharges from mucous 
surfaces, especially those of the genito-urinary 
organs. The dose is from twenty drops to a fl. 
drachm, three times a-day. 

Boluses op Copaiba. 

R. Copaiba two drachms 

Gum Arabic one ounce 

Powdered liquorice sufficient 

Mix, and form mass. Dose, a scruple to 

Radms. 



one ounce 

one drachm 

four grains 

three drachms 

sufficient 



two scruples. 
R. Copaiba 

Calcined magnesia 

Opium 

Powdered cubebs 

Syrup of poppies 
Mix, and divide into boluses of half a 
drachm. Two to be taken at night, in 
gonorrhoea. Henschel. 

Pills op Copaiba. 
R. Copaiba two ounces 

Magnesia (freshly pre- 
pared) one drachm 
Mix, and set aside, till it concretes into a 
pilular mass; this to be divided into two 
hundred pills. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, two to six, two or three times a-day. 
R. Copaiba 

Powdered cubebs, each, one drachm 

Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient 
Mix, and divide into three-grain pills. Five 
to ten a-day. Hildenbrand. 

R. Copaiba 

Dragon's blood 

Calomel 

Conserve of roses 
Mix, and make pills of six grains. Dose, 
from three to five a-day. Foy. 

Pills of Copaiba and Cubebs. 
R. White wax two drachms 

Melt, by a gentle heat, and add 



one ounce 

half an ounce 

one drachm 

four ounces 



178 



COPAIBA. 



Copaiba half an ounce 

Powdered cubebs one ounce 

Incorporate well, and divide into two hun- 
dred and forty pills. Berens. 

Pills or Copaiba, Cubebs, and Tur- 
pentine. 
R. Oil of copaiba 
cubebs 

turpentine, each, one fl. drachm 
Magnesia two drachms 

Mix, and form sixty pills. 

This is said to be an excellent preparation. It 
was communicated by Mr. Procter, who is unac- 
quainted with the author of it. 

Copaiba Confection. 
R. Turpentine one ounce 

Copaiba half an ounce 

Mix well, in a warmed mortar, and add 

Mucilage of gum Arabic one ounce 

Conserve of roses four ounces 

Dose, two to three drachms, three times 
a-day, in obstinate gonorrhoea. Sicediaur. 
R. Copaiba 

Powdered cubebs, each, four drachms 
and a-half 

Yolk of egg one 

Conserve of roses half an ounce 

Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times 
a-day. Voght. 

R. Copaiba 

Powdered cubebs, each, two ounces 
alum one ounce 

Opium five grains 

Incorporate well. One drachm to be taken 
in the pulp of a prune, night and morning, 
and rapidily increased to two drachms. Is 
very effectual in gonorrhoea. Berton. 

Emulsion or Copaiba. 
R. Copaiba 

Mucilage gum Arabic, each, 

two ounces 
"Water, twelve fl. ounces 

Rub the copaiba gradually with the mu- 
cilage in a mortar, add the water by de- 
grees, constantly rubbing. Beral. 

Injection of Copaiba. 
R. Copaiba two drachms 

Mucilage of gum 

Arabic half an ounce 

Lime water six fl. ounces 

Mix well. As an injection in ulcers of 
the rectum, vagina, or urethra. 

Abemetliy. 

R. Copaiba half an ounce 

Yolk of egg sufficient 

Lime water six ounces 



Honey of roses three ounces 

Mix. As an injection in fistulous ulcers. 
FlencJc. 
Copaiba Mixture. 

R. Copaiba 

Sweet spirits of nitre, each, 

half a fl. ounce 
Powdered gum Arabic 

sugar, each, one drachm 
Compound spirits of 

lavender two fl. drachms 

Tincture of opium one fl. drachm 
Distilled water four fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful three times a-day 

in gonorrhoea. Chapman. 

R. Copaiba 

Powdered cubebs, each, half an ounce 
Gum Arabic two drachms 

Paregoric elixir half a fl. ounce 

Sugar two drachms 

Water eight fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful every three hours. 

Ellis. 

R. Copaiba half an ounce 

Mint water 
Alcohol 

Syrup, each, half a fl. ounce 

Sweet spirit of nitre half a fl. drachm 

Mix. To be taken in four doses in a day, 

followed by demulcent drinks. In chronic 

gonorrhoea. Ellis. 

R. Balsam copaiba 

Sweet spirit of nitre, each, 

half a fl. ounce 
Compound spirit of lavender 
Laudanum, each, one fl. drachm 

Powdered gum Arabic one drachm 
Water three fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful three times a-day 

in gonorrhoea. Chapman. 

R. Copaiba half an ounce 

Mucilage of gum Arabic two ounces 
Clarified honey six drachms 

Solution of potassa two drachms 

Essence of lemon half a drachm 

Rose water five fl. ounces 

Mix. Two to three spoonfuls, three times 

a-day. Stephenson. 

R. Copaiba one drachm and a-half 

Powdered kino one scruple 

Mucilage of gum Arabic two drachms 
Syrup of rhatany one ounce 

Decoction of chamomile four ounces 

Mix. A spoonful every hour or two. 

Foy. 

R. Copaiba half a drachm 

Tincture of allspice 



COPTIS-CORIANDRUM. 



Syrup of mallows, each, two drachms 

Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient 

Water one ounce 

Mix. To he taken morning and evening. 

Saunders. 

R. Copaiba 

Syrup of lemon 
Mint water 

Orange-flower water, each, one ounce 
Sulphuric acid one drachm 

Tragacanth sufficient 

Mix. A spoonful, morning and evening. 
Delpech. 
R. Copaiba 
Tolu 
Powdered gum Arabic, each, 

half an ounce 
Elixir of vitriol twenty drops 

Distilled water six fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful, in chronic hoop- 
ing-cough. Ellis. 
R. Copaiba one drachm 
Carbonate of potassa thirty grains 
Resin of Peruvian bark twenty grains 
Gum Arabic twelve grains 
Aloes two grains 
Syrup of capillaire two ounces 
Cinnamon water 

Mint water, each, three fl. ounces 
Mix. Dose, a glass full, several times a- 
day, as an anthelmintic. Pierquin. 

Tincture of Copaiba. 

R. Copaiba one part 

Alcohol eight parts 

Digest for several days, and filter. Dose, 

thirty to sixty drops. Guibourt. 

Alkaline Tincture of Copaiba. 

R. Copaiba one ounce 

Carbonate of potassa one drachm 

Alcohol four fl. ounces 

Digest, and filter. Dose, twenty-five to 

fifty drops. Brunswick Ph. 

Compound Tincture of Copaiba. 

R. Copaiba one ounce 

Guaiacum two drachms 

Oil of sassafras half a drachm 

Alcohol four and a-half fl. ounces 

Digest with a gentle heat, filter. Foy. 

Dose, a drachm, in some infusion. 

R. Copaiba one ounce and a-half 

Balsam Peru half an ounce 
Carbonate of 

potassa one drachm and a-half 

Cut saffron two drachms 

Alcohol sixteen fl. ounces 

Mix, and digest for three days, and filter. 



179 

Two spoonfuls, two or three times a-day, 
in water or in wine. Wirtemberg Ph. 

Oil of Copaiba. 
R. Copaiba one ounce 

Water one pint and a-half 

Distil, return product several times, and 
redistil ; separate oil. Ed. Ph. 

Dose, ten to thirty drops, rubbed up with mu- 
cilage and water. 

Copaiba Clyster. 
R. Copaiba one to four drachms 

Extract of opium one grain 

Yolk of egg one 

Decoction of mal- 
lows four to six fl. ounces 
Make an emulsion, as a clyster in gonorr- 
hoea. Guibourt. 

Copaiba Paste. 
R. Sweet almonds six drachms 

Mallow paste one drachm 

Catechu half a drachm 

Copaiba three drachms 

Rub together into a paste. Dose, a spoon- 
ful. Phoebus, 



COPTIS. 

Goldthread. 

The root of Coptis trifolia, a small evergreen 
plant, found in the more northern parts of both 
continents, in wet and boggy situations. 

Sea;. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Ranun- 
culacese. 

Salisbury. Linn. Trans, viii. 305. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 87. 

The roots, which are the part used, are long, 
slender, orange-yellow, with no smell, but a 
strong, and purely bitter taste. It is a simple 
tonic bitter, with no astringency. It is used as a 
stomachic, and as a local application to aphthous 
sore mouth. Dose, in powder, ten to thirty 
grains. 

Infusion of Goldthread. 
R. Goldthread one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for an hour, and strain. Dose, 
half fl. ounce to two fl. ounces. 

Dunglison. 

Tincture of Goldthread. 

R. Goldthread one ounce 

Diluted alcohol one pint 

Macerate for a week, and filter. Dose, 

one fl. drachm to three fl. drachms. 

Wood. 



CORIANDRUM. 

Coriander. 

This is the fruit of Coriandrum sativum, an 
annual plant, a native of the south of Europe, 



180 

but naturalized in many other parts of that quar- 
ter of the world, and also extensively cultivated. 
Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Api- 

Linn. Sp. PL 367. Griffith, Med. Bot. 341. 

The fruit is somewhat globular, of a grayish, 
or brownish-yellow color, and often separated 
into two portions, or mericarps. It has a plea- 
sant aromatic smell and taste. It is principally 
used as an adjuvant to other articles, to disguise 
their taste, or to modify their griping qualities. 
Dose, from a scruple to a drachm. 

Compound Powder of Coriander. 
R. Powdered cori- 
ander one drachm and a-half 
Ivory filings 
Burnt hartshorn 

Prepared chalk, each, one scruple 

Powdered cinnamon half a scruple 

Sugar of roses sufficient 

Mix well. A teaspoonful, after eating, as 

a stomachic. Plerquin. 

R. Powdered coriander 

rhubarb 

columbo, each, ten grains 

Mix. To be taken at bedtime, in dyspepsia 

with flatulence and costiveness. Stomachic. 

Ainslie. 

Tincture of Coriander. 
R. Coriander one part 

Diluted alcohol eight parts 

Macerate for a week, and filter. Beral. 

Compound Water of Coriander. 
R. Coriander eight ounces 

Citron water one fl. ounce 

Nutmeg 
Storax 

Benzoin, each, half an ounce 

Vanilla three drachms 

Alcohol forty-eight fl. ounces 

Macerate for two days, and distil. Dose, 
half fl. ounce, as a stomachic and carmina- 
tive. Spwlmann. 



CORNU— CORNUS SERICEA. 



CORNU. 

Hartshorn. 

This is officinal ly the horn of the Cervus elaphas, 
or European stag; but that of our native species 
has the same properties. It is found in the shops, 
in the form of shavings, which are of a yellow- 
ish white color, friable, and without smell or 
taste. They consist principally of gelatine and 
phosphate of lime, and are employed to make a 
jelly, which is not superior to any other animal 
jelly. 

Hartshorn Jelly. 
R. Hartshorn four ounces 

Water eight ounces 

Muriatic acid one drachm 



Beat together for ten minutes, wash in two 
or three waters, boil with fresh water for 
half an hour, express, strain, and add 

Sugar four ounces 

Boil down sufficiently for the mixture to 
jelly, on cooling. Ferrez. 

Compound Jelly of Hartshorn. 
R. Hartshorn jelly eight ounces 

Paste of sweet almonds one ounce 
Sugar half an ounce 

Orange-flower water one drachm 

Essence of citron twelve drops 

Mix, and heat ; then permit to cool. 

Guibourt. 

Burnt Hartshorn. 

R. Burn pieces of hartshorn in an open 

vessel till quite white; powder, and prepare 

like prepared chalk. Lond. Ph. 

Dose, half a drachm to two drachms. 

Dentifrice of Burnt Hartshorn. 

R. Powdered burnt hartshorn one ounce 
Orris root two drachms 

Dragon's blood one drachm 

Oil of roses two drops 

Mix. Steph. & Church. 



CORNUS. 
Dogwood. 



CORNUS CIRCINATA. 

Round-leaved Dogwood. 

A large shrub, native of the United States, 
with a bitter, astringent, aromatic bark. 



CORNUS FLORIDA. 

Tree Dogwood. 

A small tree found in most parts of the United 
States, flowering early in the spring. The bark, 
especially of the root, has a bitter, astringent, 
somewhat aromatic taste, and a faint odor. 



CORNUS SERICEA. 

Swamp Dogwood. 

A large shrub, like the others a native of this 
country, with a bark of the same qualities as 
them. 

Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Cor- 
nacese. 

The barks of these shrubs and trees are tonic 
and astringent, and have much the same proper- 
ties as Peruviaii bark, and may be used as a sub- 
stitute for it. That of C. Florida is said to con- 
tain a peculiar bitter principle, which has been 



COTULA— CREASOTUM. 



181 



called cornine. The dose of the powder is from 
a scruple to a drachm. 

Decoction of Dogwood. 
R. Dogwood bark, bruised, one ounce 
Water one pint 

Boil for half an hour, and strain. A wine- 
glassful every hour, in the apyrexia of in- 
termittents. U. S. Ph. 

R. Dogwood bark 

Sassafras, each, six ounces 

Water eight pints 

Boil, and strain. Given as above. 

Niemann. 
Pills of Bound-leaved Dogwood. 
R. Extract of round-leaved dog- 
wood one drachm and a-half 
Powdered ginger ten grains 
Dried carbonate of soda ten grains 
Mix, and form twenty-four pills. Reece. 

Wine of Bound-leaved Dogwood. 
R. Extract of round-leaved dog- 
wood three drachms 
White wine one pint and a-half 
Digest for fourteen days, and filter. Reece. 



COTULA. 
Mayweed. 

A small annual syngenesious plant, a native 
of Europe, and extensively naturalized in the 
United States. It is the Maruta cotula of botan- 
ists. 

Sex. Syst. Syng. frust. Nat. Syst. Asteracese. 

Decandolle, Prod. vi. 13. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
399. 

The whole herb has a strong, unpleasant smell, 
and a bitter, warm taste. It has much the same 
properties as chamomile as an internal remedy, 
and may be used as a substitute for it ; but its 
disagreeable odor renders it nauseous to most per- 
sons. It is also employed in amenorrhcea, and 
as an antispasmodic. It is usually given in in- 
fusion. 

Infusion of Mayweed. 
R. Mayweed half an ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for a quarter of an hour, in a 
covered vessel, and strain. Used in same 
cases, and in same manner as infusion of 
chamomile. 

Cataplasm of Mayweed. 
R . Mayweed, fresh, at will 

Bruise, or cut very fine. When applied as 
a cataplasm, it produces redness and vesi- 
cation as rapidly as Spanish flies. Aside?/. 



CBEASOTUM. 

Creasote. 

A peculiar substance, analogous to the vola- 
tile oils, existing in the products of the distillation 
of wood. It is a colorless, oleaginous fluid, of a 
burning, caustic taste, and of an odor resembling 
that of smoked meat. It is corrosive, but, in a 
diluted state, is an effectual preserver of animal 
substances. It is irritant, narcotic, styptic, &c, 
and has been employed in a variety of diseases, 
both internally and as a local application. 

Creasote. 
R . Tar at will 

Distil, changing the recipients several 
times, till the residue has the consistence 
of pitch ; agitate the heavy oil that passes 
with a little concentrated sulphuric acid; 
then mix it with its own volume of water, 
and rectify in small retorts ; dissolve the 
product which sinks to the bottom in a hot 
solution of potassa, aided by a gentle heat; 
when it cools, add a slight excess of sul- 
phuric acid, separate the oil, and distil it 
in small quantities at a time ; again rectify 
it two or three times. Dose, one to two 
drops, mixed with water. 

Creasote Mixture. 
R. Creasote six drops 

Powdered mallows 

Sugar, each, one drachm 

Mix well, and divide into three powders, 
to be taken during the day. In hemoptysis 
and phthisis. Radius. 

Creasote Pills. 
R. Creasote one drachm 

Powdered mallow root sufficient 

to make one hundred and ten pills. Said 
to be beneficial in acute rheumatism. Four 
or five to be taken, morning and evening. 

Riecli. 
R. Creasote one drachm 

Extract of liquorice, each, 

one drachm and a-half 

Water sufficient 

Beat into mass, and make pills of two grains. 
Two, morning and evening, in phthisis and 
laryngitis. Radius. 

R. Creasote ten drops 

Powdered liquorice 

Mucilage of gum Arabic, each, sufficient 
Mix, and form twenty pills. Dose, one, 
three times a-day. In bronchitis, neural- 
gia, &c. Ellis. 
R. Creasote one drachm 

Extract of liquorice 



182 



CROCUS. 



Galbanum, each, half a drachm 

Powdered mallows two drachms 

Form mass, and divide into one hundred 

and twenty pills. Six, four times a-day, in 

phthisis. Riech. 

Alcoholic Solution of Creasote. 
R. Creasote one part 

Alcohol sixteen parts 

Mix. A drop or two placed in the cavity 
of an aching tooth, will afford relief. 

Marinus. 

R. Creasote one fl. drachm 

Alcohol two fl. ounces 

Mix. Used with water as a mouth wash, 

to correct fetor of the mouth, and to check 

caries of the teeth. Buchner. 

R. Creasote one fl. drachm 

Alcohol one fl. ounce and a-half 

Tincture of cochineal six fl. drachms 

Oil of mint thirty-six drops 

Mix. Used as above. Ringhini. 

Creasote Lotion. 

R. Creasote half a drachm 

Water five ounces 

Mix. As a lotion in psora, &c. Radius. 

R. Creasote ten drops 

Vinegar two fl. drachms 

Water two fl. ounces 

Mix. As an application to phagedenic 

ulcerations and chancres. Short. 

Creasote Collutory. 
R. Creasote three drops 

Compound spirit of 

lavender twenty drops 

Distilled water half fl. ounce 

Mix. Black. 

R. Creasote four drops 

Distilled water two fl. ounces 

Mix. In irritation of the gums. 

Fremanger. 
R. Creasote half a fl. drachm 

Powdered gum 

Arabic one ounce and a-half 

Camphor 
water two fl. ounces and a-half 

Mix. To be used every two hours in 
aphthous ulceration of the mouth. 

Magendie. 

Creasote Mixture. 

R. Creasote 

Acetic acid, each, sixteen drops 

Compound spirit of juniper 
Syrup each one fl. ounce 

Water fourteen fl. ounces 

Mix the creasote with the acid, gradually 



add the water, and then the spirit and 
syrup. Ed. Ph. 

Dose, one fl. ounce. 

R. Creasote two to four drops 

Mucilage of gum Arabic one ounce 

Infusion of salep five ounces 

Sugar one drachm 

Mix. A spoonful every two hours in 

the colliquative diarrhoea of phthisis. 

Radius. 

R. Creasote five drops 

Mucilage of gum Arabic three fl. ounces 
Syrup of mallows one fl. drachm 

Mix. A spoonful every three hours in 

hemoptysis. Santoni. 

R. Creasote one drop 

Camphor water 
Compound infusion of 

gentian, each, six fl. drachms. 

Mix. To check vomiting. Santoni. 

Creasote Ointment. 
R. Creasote half a fl. drachm 

Lard one ounce 

Melt the lard, add the creasote, and stir 
till cold. U. S. Ph. 

As an application in scaly, cutaneous erup- 
tions, ulcers, &c. 

R. Simple cerate 

Oil of almonds, each, one ounce. 

Creasote thirty drops 

Mix. As an application in scrofulous 

caries. Fremanger. 

Compound Ointment of Creasote. 
R. Creasote 

Solution of subacetate of 

lead, each, ten drops 

Extract of opium one grain and a-half 
Lard one ounce 

Mix. As an application to chilblains. 

Devergie. 

R. Creasote half a drachm 

Purified animal charcoal one drachm 

Alcohol one fl. drachm and a-half 

Spermaceti 

ointment, one ounce and a-half 

Mix. Used as an application to burns, to 
be diluted, if necessary. Sutro. 



CROCUS. 

Saffron. 



Saffron is the stigmas of Crocus sativus, a bulb- 
ous rooted plant, native of Greece, Asia Minor, 
&c, and extensively cultivated in many parts of 
Europe. 

Sex. Syst. Triand. monog. Nat. Syst. Iridacese. 



CUBEBA. 



Saffron has a peculiar, sweetish, fragrant odor, 
a warm, bitter taste, and is of an orange red 
color. It was at one time much used as an ex- 
citant, narcotic aromatic and emmenagogue, but 
is seldom employed in this country, except as 
a coloring ingredient in compound preparations. 
Dose, from ten to thirty grains. 

Pills op Saffron. 
R. Saffron 
Myrrh 

Sulphur, each, one drachm 

Inspissated bile sufficient 

Mix, and form one hundred and fifty pills. 

Dose, twelve a-day, as an emmenagogue. 

Phoebus. 

Tincture of Saffron. 

R. Saffron, cut fine two ounces 

Proof spirit two pints 

Digest for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. Ed. Ph. 

Dose, one to two fl. drachms. 

Compound Tincture op Saffron. 

R. Saffron one ounce 

Myrrh two ounces 

Socotrine aloes ten ounces 

Cinnamon 
Mace 

Nutmeg, each, half an ounce 

Orange-flower water one pint 

Alcohol sixteen pints 

Digest for two days, distil off eight pints. 
Cottereau. 

Elixir de Garus. 
R. Compound tincture of 

saffron eight pints 

Syrup of maidenhair ten pints 

Mix, color with caramel, dissolved in 

Orange-flower water eight fl. ounces 
Used as a stomachic and carminative. 

Foy. 

Infusion of Saffron. 

R. Saffron two drachms 

Boiling water two pints 

Infuse, and strain. Advised in debility 

of the digestive organs. Beral. 

Syrup of Saffron. 

R. Saffron ten drachms 

Boiling water one pint 

White sugar three pounds 

Macerate the saffron in the water for 

twelve hours, strain, and add the sugar. 

Lond. Ph. 
Slightly stimulant. 

Saffron Collyrium. 
R. Saffron one part 

Boiling water two hundred parts 

Infuse, strain, and add 



Tincture of opium 



183 

one part 
Phoebus. 



Saffron Ointment. 
R. Cut saffron one scruple 
Camphor two scruples 
Oil of henbane two drachms 
Goulard's cerate six drachms 
Mix. As an application to painful hem- 
orrhoids. Speilmann. 



CUBEBA. 

CUBEBS. 

Cubebs are the berries or fruit of Piper cuheba, 
a climbing perennial vine, native of many parts 
of the East Indies. 

Sea;. Syst. Diand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Piper - 
aceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 90. Griffith, Med. Bot. 567. 

Cubebs somewhat resemble black pepper, 
but are of a lighter color, and are furnished 
with a short stalk. The stalk is thin and hard, 
and the seed round, white, and oily. The taste 
is acrid, peppery, and camphoraceous ; the odor 
aromatic and pleasant. Cubebs are stimulant, 
with a special action on the genito urinary or- 
gans, and have been much used in gonorrhoea, 
leucorrhoea, &c, and have also been found use- 
ful in piles, bronchitis, &c. The dose of the 
powder is from ten grains to three drachms, ac- 
cording to circumstances. 

Powder op Cubebs. 
R. Powdered cubebs 

half a drachm to one drachm 
ipecacuanha 

eighth of a grain 

Oil of peppermint half a drop 

Mix. To be taken four times a-day, in 

gonorrhoea. Schmidt. 

Powder op Cubebs and Ergot. 

R. Powdered ergot two scruples 

cubebs one ounce 

cinnamon half a drachm 

sugar one drachm 

Mix, and divide into eight powders. One 

to be given three or four times a-day. In 

gonorrhoea, gleet, leucorrhcea, &c. Ryan. 

Powder of Cubebs and Hemlock. 
R. Powdered cubebs 

half a drachm to a drachm 

Extract of hemlock half a grain 

Prepared oyster shell five grains 

Mix. To be taken four times a-day, in 

gonorrhoea. Phoebus. 

Powder of Cubebs and Alum. 

R. Powdered cubebs two ounces 

alum half an ounce 

Mix, and divide into nine powders. One 

to be taken three times a-day. Ricord. 



184 CUBEBA. 



Cubeb Lozenges. 
R. Powdered cubebs two drachms 

Balsam of tolu six grains 

Mix, and add 

Extract of liquorice one ounce 

Syrup of balsam of Peru one drachm 
Gum Arabic sufficient 

Rub well together, and form lozenges of 
ten grains. One of these, permitted gradu- 
ally to melt in the mouth, alleviates the 
obstruction in the nose, in coryza. Spitta. 

Electuary op Cubebs. 
R. Powdered cubebs half an ounce 

Clarified honey sufficient 

Mix. Three or four teaspoonfuls a-day, 
in gonorrhoea, mucous discharges from the 
bladder, &c. Radius. 

R. Powdered cubebs 

Balsam copaiba, each, two ounces 

Powdered alum one ounce 

Extract of opium five grains 

Rub together. Dose, one drachm, night 
and morning, in the pulp of a prune, ra- 
pidly increasing the dose to two drachms. 
In gonorrhoea. Beral. 

Injection of Cubebs. 
R. Powdered cubebs one ounce 

Water one pint 

Boil, and strain. Add 

Extract of belladonna one scruple 
In gonorrhoea and leucorrhoea. Soubeiran. 

Clyster of Cubebs. 
R. Powdered cubebs one to four drachms 
Decoction of mallows six ounces 

Mix. To be administered, night and morn- 
ing, in gonorrhoea. Foy. 

Ethereal Extract of Cubebs. 
R. Powdered cubebs one pound 

Sulphuric ether sufficient 

Introduce the powder into a displacer, in- 
sert the lower end into a closely fitting 
bottle, add the ether carefully, cover the 
top of the filter with wet bladder pierced 
with several pin-holes. The flow should 
be very gradual. Introduce the tincture 
into a large retort, and distil, by means of 
a water-bath, into a well-cooled receiver, 
till five-sixths have passed over. Continue 
the evaporation at a heat below 120° F., 
till the extract is of proper consistence. 

W. Procter. 

Emulsion of Ethereal Extract of 
Cubebs. 

R . Ethereal extract of cubebs two drachms 

Powdered gum Arabic half an ounce 

sugar one drachm 



Water three ounces and a-half 

Mix. A tablespoonful is equal to two 



drachms of cubebs. 



W. Procter. 



Alcoholic Ethereal Extract of 
Cubebs. 
R. Powdered cubebs at will 

Exhaust by ether, by means of a displace- 
ment apparatus, act on residue with diluted 
alcohol, distil the two tinctures separately. 
Evaporate the residue of the alcoholic 
tincture by means of a water-bath; add 
both together, and let the remaining ether 
evaporate spontaneously. Labelonye. 

Lozenges of Alcoholic Ethereal 

Extract of Cubebs. 

R. Extract of cubebs eight ounces 

Alcohol two pints 

Dissolve, and add 

Powdered sugar one pound 

Oil of peppermint eighteen drops 
Mix, and allow alcohol to evaporate by a 
gentle heat; reduce to powder, and add 

Mucilage tragacanth sufficient 

Mix, and divide into lozenges of six to 
eighteen grains. Labelonye. 

Cubeb Mixture. 

R. Powdered cubebs two drachms 

Carbonate of soda half a drachm 

Mucilage of gum Arabic six fl. drachms 

Mint water six fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful every hour. 

Fosbrohe. 

R. Powdered cubebs two drachms 

Subnitrate of Bismuth half a drachm 

Mucilage of gum Arabic half fl. ounce 

Syrup six fl. drachms 

Water six fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful four times a-day. 

Fosbrohe. 

Both these are recommended in the various 

affections of mucous membranes. 

R. Powdered cubebs two drachms 

Wine two ounces 

Essence of bergamot one drop 

Mix. To be taken every hour or two. 

Pierquin. 
Tincture of Cubebs. 

R. Bruised cubebs four ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one to two drachms, as a stomachic and 
carminative, or in advanced stage of gonorrhoea. 

Syrup of Alcoholic Ethereal 

Extract of Cubebs. 

R. Extract of cubebs three ounces 



CUNILA— CUPRI SUBACETAS. 



185 



Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient 

Peppermint water one pint 

White sugar two pounds 

Mix. A teaspoonful, several times a-day, 

in a glass of water. Labehnye. 

Oil op Cubebs. 
R. Powdered cubebs 

Water 
Distil, and collect tbe oil. 

Dose, ten to twelve drops, gradually increased. 
Given in emulsion, or in gelatin capsules. 

Mixture op Oil of Cubebs and 

Copaiva. 

R. Oil of cubebs one scruple 

Copaiba two ounces 

Mix. A teaspoonful, four times a-day. 

Beral. 



one part 
two parts 
Giordano. 



CUNILA. 

Dittany. 

The whole herb of Cunila mariana. A native 
plant, found in most places in the United States. 

Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lamiaceae 

Linn. Sp. PL 30. Griffith, Med. Bot. 509. 

It has a powerful, aromatic odor, and a warm, 
pungent taste. It is stimulant, carminative, su- 
dorific, and emmenagogue. 

Infusion of Dittany. 
R. Dittany half an ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse and strain. Used warm, as a 
diaphoretic and emmenagogue. 

Oil of Dittany. 

R. Dittany at will 

•Water sufficient 

Distil, and separate oil. As a carminative, 

in doses of two or three drops, with sugar. 



CUPRUM. 
Copper. 

A brilliant ductile, malleable metal, of a red- 
dish color, having an unpleasant taste and smell. 
It is not used in its pure state in medicine, but 
affords numerous remedial preparations. 



CUPRI ACETAS. 

Acetate op Copper. 

R . Pulverized verdigris at will 

Acetic acid sufficient 

Dissolve, filter, evaporate, and crystallize. 

Van Mons. 



CUPRI SUBACETAS. 

Verdigris. 

Prepared Subacetate of Copper. 

R. Verdigris, in powder, at will 

Prepared as directed for chalk. Duo. Ph. 

Powder of Verdigris and Savine. 
R. Verdigris 

Savine equal parts 

Mix. To be dusted on sores with fungous 
excrescences. Ellis. 

Pills of Acetate of Copper. 
R. Acetate of copper fifteeen grains 

Boiling water sufficient 

to dissolve, add 

Opium five grains 

Extract of liquorice one drachm 

Powdered liquorice sufficient 

Mix, and make one hundred and eighty 

pills. Dose, three to ten, three times a- 

day. Phoebus. 

Verdigris and Alum. 
R. Verdigris 

Nitre 

Alum, each, eight parts 

Melt together, and add 

Camphor one to two parts 

Much used in Europe as a basis for ophthal- 
mic solutions, under the name of Beer's 
divine stone. Radius. 

Ophthalmic Washes. 
R. Beer's divine 

stone eight to twelve grains 

Water four fl. ounces and a-half 

Wine of opium 

a scruple to one fl. drachm 
Mix. In chronic ophthalmia. Benedict. 

R. Beer's divine stone three to four grains 
Elder water one fl. ounce 

Tincture of opium twelve drops 

Solution of acetate of lead five drops 

Mix. Used like the last. Rust. 

Compound Verdigris Lotion. 
R. Verdigris 

Burnt alum, each, two drachms 

Honey half an ounce 

White wine one pint 

Mix. As a wash for indolent venereal or 

scorbutic ulcers. Scherf. 

Metz's Balsam. 
R. Linseed oil 

Olive oil, each, six ounces 

Oil of laurel berries one ounce 



186 



CUPRI MURIAS— CUPRUM AMMONIATUM. 



Turpentine two ounces 

Melt by a gentle heat, and add 

Powdered aloes two drachms 

verdigris three drachms 
white vitriol 

one drachm and a-half 
Pour into a bottle, and add 

Oil of juniper half an ounce 

cloves one drachm 

Mix. As a dressing to wounds and ulcers. 

Guibourt. 

Verdigris Ointment. 

R. Verdigris, in fine powder, one drachm 

Simple ointment fifteen drachms 

Melt the ointment, and add the verdigris, 

and stir till cold. IT. S. Ph. 

Used as a mild escharotic and stimulant to 

fungous ulcers, to warts, corns, &c., and obstinate 

cutaneous affections. 

R. Verdigris two drachms 

Oxide of zinc 

Camphor, dissolved in 

alcohol, each, six drachms 

Triturate well, and incorporate with a 
melted mixture of 

Lard 

Suet, each, two ounces 

and stir till cold 

Recommended in scrofulous ophthalmia. 
Swediaur. 

Verdigris Plaster. 
R. Gralbanum one ounce 

Pitch half an ounce 

Litharge plaster two drachms 

Melt, and add 
Verdigris 
Muriate of ammonia, each, one ounce 
This is a good application to corns and 
warts. Saxon Ph. 

Egyptian Ointment. 

R. Verdigris five parts 

Purified honey sixteen parts 

Strong vinegar seven parts 

_ Burnt alum half a part 

Mix, and melt by a gentle heat, stirring 

constantly. This is thought to form an 

excellent detergent application to ulcers. 

Giordano. 

Liniment of Verdigris. 

R. Powdered verdigris one ounce 

Vinegar seven fl. ounces 

Honey fourteen ounces 

Dissolve the verdigris in the vinegar, 

strain, gradually add the honey, and boil 

down to proper consistence. Lond Ph. 

Used like the last, and also much diluted as a 

gargle in venereal sore throat. 



CUPRI MURIAS. 

Muriate op Copper. 
R. Chloride of potassium seven parts 
Sulphate of 

copper eleven and a-half parts 

Pulverize, mix, and gradually add twelve 
parts boiling water; on cooling, filter, 
separate the sulphate of potassa that 
forms, then permit the crystals of the 
muriate to form, separate, and dry. 

Van Mom. 
Cupreous Ether. 
R. Chloride of barium ten parts 

Sulphate of copper twelve parts 

Sulphuric ether six parts 

Triturate the salts together, add the ether, 
and decant when all the muriate of cop- 
per is dissolved. Has been recommended 
in small doses in epilepsy. Van Mons. 

Muriate op Copper and Ammonia. 
R Muriate of copper 

ammonia equal parts 

Dissolve in water, add liquid ammonia, 
drop by drop, as long as any precipitate 
takes place, and is again dissolved by the 
addition of more ammoniac, filter, and 
evaporate. Augustin. 

Used in epilepsy, in dosesof two to ten grains. 

Solution op Ammoniacal Muriate of 

Copper and Mercury. 
R. Copper filings two drachms 

Calomel two ounces 

Dissolve the copper in two fl. ounces liquid 
ammonia, and the calomel in two fl. ounces 
muriatic acid, with fifteen drops of ni- 
tric acid; mix the solutions in such pro- 
portions that the precipitate that first 
forms is redissolved. Radius. 

Koechlin's Drops. 
R. Solution of ammoniacal 
muriate of copper and 
mercury two fl. drachms 

Distilled water twenty fl. ounces 

Mix. Much praised in obstinate venereal 
affections, scrofula, &c. Dose, a teaspoon- 
ful after each meal. Augustin. 



CUPRUM AMMONIATUM. 

Ammoniated Copper. 
R. Sulphate of copper half an ounce 
Carbonate of ammonia six drachms 
Rub together in a glass mortar till efferves- 
cence ceases, wrap in bibulous paper, and 
dry with a gentle heat. IT. S. Ph. 

Has been used in epilepsy, chorea, hysteria, 



CUPRI SULPHAS. 



187 



&c. Dose, a quarter to half a grain twice a-day, 
and gradually increased. 

Solution of Ammoniated Copper. 
R. Ammoniated copper one drachm 

Distilled water one pint 

Dissolve, and filter. Lond. Ph. 

As a lotion to foul and indolent ulcers, or inter- 
nally, in same cases as the powder. 

Injection of Ammoniated Copper. 
R Ammoniated copper five grains 

Rose water eight fl. ounces 

Mix. In gonorrhoea. Ellis. 

Powder or Ammoniated Copper and 

Belladonna. 
R. Ammoniated copper two to four grains 
Powdered belladonna 

root one to four grains 

Sugar one drachm 

Mix, and form six powders, one to be 
taken every two hours, in epilepsy. 

Hildebrand. 

Pills of Ammoniated Copper. 
R. Ammoniated copper two grains 

Crumb of bread sufficient 

Mix, and form four pills. One to be taken 
twice a-day, in epilepsy, gradually increas- 
ing the dose. A. T. Thomson. 

R. Ammoniated copper fifteen grains 

Crumb of bread two scruples 

Sugar one scruple 

Liquid ammonia sufficient 

Mix, and form thirty pills. Dose, one, 

three times a-day, gradually increased. In 

epilepsy. Van Mons. 

Compound Pills of Ammoniated 
Copper. 
R. Ammoniated copper 

Opium, each, ten grains 

Extract of dandelion 

Powdered mallows, each, two scruples 
Mix, and form fifty pills. Dose, five, 
twice a-day, in diabetes. Radius. 

Gargle of Ammoniated Copper. 
R. Ammoniated copper eight grains 

Savine water six fl. ounces 

Mix. In chronic sore throat. Kopp. 

Ointment of Ammoniated Copper. 
R. Solution of ammoniated 

copper one fl. drachm 

Simple cerate, melted, one ounce 

Mix well. As a stimulant to indolent ul- 
cers. Swediaur. 



CUPRI SULPHAS 

Sulphate of Copper. 



Powder of Sulphate of Copper. 
R. Sulphate of copper twelve grains 

Sugar of milk four scruples 

Mix, and divide into four powders. Much 
praised in croup — given as follows : one is 
to be administered at once, another dis- 
solved in three spoonfuls of water, one of 
which is to be taken every hour. Radius. 

R. Sulphate of copper four grains 

Sugar of milk eight scruples 

Mix, and divide into eight powders. Two 

a-day in obstinate diarrhoea. Elliotson. 

Compound Powder of Sulphate of 
Copper. 
R. Sulphate of copper 
zinc 
Alum 

Carbonate of lead 

Armenian bole equal parts 

Melt the three first substances together, 
pulverize, add the two other articles, and 
sift. 

This is a powerful astringent, and has 
proved useful as a styptic. Cotter eau. 

Pills of Sulphate of Copper. 
R. Sulphate of copper four grains 

Extract of cinchona thirty-two grains 
Mix, make mass, and divide into sixteen 
or twenty pills. One to be taken three 
times a-day, in obstinate intermittents. 

Ellis. 
R. Sulphate of copper 

Ipecacuanha, each, one drachm 

Syrup sufficient 

Form mass, and divide into pills of five 
grains each. Dose, two to four, every two 
or three days, in the morning, before eat- 
ing, in phthisis. Foy. 
R. Sulphate of copper six grains 

Powdered calamus two drachms 

Extract of liquorice 

Water, each, sufficient 

Form mass, and divide into ninety-six pills. 
Four to seven, two or three times, in the 
apyrexia of obstinate intermittents. 

Adair. 
Pills of Sulphate of Copper and 
Opium. 
R. Sulphate of copper two grains 

Opium four grains 

Conserve of roses sufficient 



188 CYDONIA. 

Mix, and make sixteen pills. One, three 
times a-day, in obstinate intermittents. 

Chapman. 

Compound Pills of Sulphate of 
Copper. 

R. Sulphate of copper two grains 

Alcohol, ext. cascarilla seventeen grains 

Opium two grains 

Syrup of ginger sufficient 

Mix, and make eight pills. One, three 

times a-day, in epilepsy. Ainslie. 

Electuary with Sulphate of Copper. 
R . Sulphate of copper one scruple 

Opium one grain 

Armenian bole 

Catechu, each, one drachm and a-half 

Syrup sufficient 

Mix. In obstinate diarrhoea. Saunders. 

Gargle with Sulphate of Copper. 
R . Sulphate of copper twenty grains 

Infusion of sage six fl. ounces 

Tincture of myrrh 
catechu 

kino, each, one drachm 

pimpinella five drachms 

Honey six drachms 

Mix well. In obstinate salivation. Kopp. 

COLLYRIUM OF SULPHATE OF COPPER. 

R . Sulphate of copper 

Armenian bole, each, eight grains 

Camphor two grains 

Boiling water eight fl. ounces 

Rub well together, permit to settle, and 
strain. As an application in purulent oph- 
thalmia of infants. Ware. 
R. Sulphate of copper six grains 
Camphor one drachm 
Boiling water eight fl. ounces 
Rub the camphor with the water, strain, 
and add sulphate of copper. As a sub- 
stitute for the above. Ellis. 

Sulphate of Copper Lotion. 
R. Sulphate of 

copper one ounce and a-half 

Alum five drachms and a-half 

Sage leaves five ounces 

Vinegar one pint 

Solution of muriate of 

ammonia two pints 

Boil together for half an hour. Used as 
an application, in a tepid state, to swell- 
ings and contusions. Purmann. 

Injection of Sulphate of Copper. 
R. Sulphate of copper six grains 

Distilled water six fl. ounces 



Tincture of opium one fl. drachm 

Dissolve. As an injection in chronic gon- 
orrhoea. Ellis. 
R . Sulphate of copper six grains 

Distilled water four fl. ounces 

Dissolve, and add 

Solution subacetate of 

lead twenty drops 

As a wash and injection in phymosis. 

Swediaur. 

Ointment of Sulphate of Copper. 
R . Sulphate of copper 

Calamine, each, five grains 

Camphor two grains 

Fresh butter two drachms 

Triturate well together. A small portion 
to be applied to the edges of the eyelids, 
in the evening, in psorophthalmia. Rust. 
R . Sulphate of copper 

Verdigris, each, two drachms 

Alum half an ounce 

Corrosive sublimate two scruples 

Lard one ounce 

Burgundy pitch one pound 

Melt the pitch and lard by a gentle heat, 
and add the other ingredients, stirring till 
cold. As a dressing to venereal and fun- 
gous ulcers. Augustin. 
R. Powdered sulphate of copper. 

catechu, each, four drachms 
alum nine drachms 

resin four ounces 

Olive oil sufficient 

Make ointment. As an application to in- 
dolent and ill-conditioned ulcers. Kerr. 

Sulphate of Copper Styptic. 

R. Sulphate of copper three grains 

Sulphuric acid twenty drops 

Water two ounces 

Dissolve. In epistaxis. Twenty to forty 

drops to be taken in water, every hour. 

Thatcher. 



CYDONIA. 

Quince Seeds. 

These seeds are the product of Cydonia vul- 
garis, a small tree, native of some parts of Eu- 
rope, but extensively cultivated in tbis country. 
The fruit is much used for the purpose of mak- 
ing preserves. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. pentag. Nat. Syst. Poma- 
ces. 

Persoon, Enchirid. ii. 40. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
291. 

The seeds are inodorous, insipid, and abound- 
ing with mucilage, one drachm rendering six 
ounces of water, viscid. Used like the other 
bland mucilages. 



CYMINUM— DELPHINIA. 



189 



Decoction op Quince Seeds. 

R. Quince seeds two drachms 

Distilled water one pint 

Boil over a slow fire, for ten minutes, and 

strain. Lond. Ph. 

R. Quince seeds one ounce 

Boiling water six. fl. ounces 

Digest on hot coals, for two hours ; strain. 

Both these are used in ophthalmia, &c. 

Quince Seed Mixture. 

R. Mucilage of quince seeds one ounce 

Yolk of eggs two 

Honey of roses three ounces 

Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, in 

cough and hoarseness. Sainte Marie. 

Bandoline for the Hair. 

R . Mucilage of quince 

seeds eight fl. ounces 

Cologne water, or 

Brandy eight fl. ounces 

Mix. 



Used as an application to the hair, to give 
gloss and smoothness. 



CYMINUM. 

Cumin. 

Cumin seeds are produced by Cuminum cymi- 
num, an umbelliferous plant, a native of Egypt, 
but cultivated in southern Europe. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apia- 
Linn. Sp. PI. 365. Lindley, Fl. Med. 51. 
These seeds have a peculiar, strong, heavy 
odor, and a warm, bitterish, aromatic taste. 
They are carminative and stimulant, are seldom 
used internally, but enter into the composition of 
some warm plasters. 

Cumin Plaster. 
R. Cumin 
Caraway 

Laural berries, each, three ounces 

Burgundy pitch three pounds 

Yellow wax three ounces 

Melt the pitch and wax together, and add 

the other ingredients, stirring well. 

Lond. Ph, 



DELPHINIUM. 
Larkspur. 

The Delphinium consolida is a native of Europe, 
but has become partially naturalized in this 
country, and is also much cultivated in gardens 
as an ornamental flower. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Ranun- 
culaceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 748. Griffith, Med. Bot. 88. 

Several parts of this plant have been employed 
medicinally, as the flowers, seeds, and roots. 
They owe their properties to the presence of an 
alkaloid, called delphinia. The flowers are said 
to be diuretic, vermifuge, and emmenagogue, and 
the seeds and root to be diuretic, &c. 

Tincture op Larkspur Seeds. 
R. Larkspur seeds one ounce 

Diluted alcohol one pint 

Macerate for some days, and filter. Dose, 
ten to twenty drops, three times a-day, in 
spasmodic asthma. Augustin. 



DELPHINIA. 
Delphinia. 

This alkaloid is prepared from the seeds of 
different species of Delphinium, but generally from 
those of the D. staphisagria. 



R. Larkspur seeds at will 

Water sufficient 

Boil, repeat the decoction with another 
portion of water, till all soluble portions 
of the seeds are dissolved. Concentrate 
the united decoctions, add calcined magne- 
sia, and filter after a short ebullition. Wash 
the precipitate with cold water, and dry it, 
digest it in alcohol on a water-bath, and 
permit to crystallize. Magendie. 

This is used in the same cases as veratria, in 
doses of a quarter to half a grain, to the extent 
of two to three grains a-day. It is also employed 
in ointment or in solution in alcohol. 

Solution op Delphinia. 
R. Delphinia one scruple 

Rectified spirit two fl. ounces 

Dissolve. For outward use. Turnbull. 

Ointment op Delphinia. 
R. Delphinia ten to thirty grains 

Olive oil one drachm 

Rub together, and add 

Lard one ounce 

Mix well. Turnbull. 



190 



DIANTHUS-DIGITALIS. 



DIANTHUS. 



Pink. 

The only species that is officinal is the D. cary- 
ophyllus or clove pink, a native of the south of 
Europe, but generally cultivated in gardens, for 
the beauty and fragrance of its flowers. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Caryo- 
phyllaceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 587. Woodville, Med. Bot. t. 205. 

The parts used are the flowers, these should 
be of a dark red color, and very aromatic. They 
are principally employed to form a syrup, used 
as a vehicle for other medicines. 

Syrup op Clove Pink. 

R. Petals of clove pink one pound 

Boiling water two pints 

Infuse for twelve hours, strain, and add 

twice the weight of sugar. Guioourt. 



DIGITALIS. 
Foxglove. 

The foxglove is a native of Europe, but is cul- 
tivated in this country, both as an ornamental 
plant and for medicinal purposes. 

Sea;. Syst. Didynam. angios. Nat. Syst. Scro- 
phulariacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. S68. Griffith, Med. Bot. 520. 

The parts used are the leaves; these should be 
dried in the dark, and always kept from the light. 
When good, they are of a dull green color, a 
feeble, narcotic odour, and a bitter, unpleasant 
taste. Digitalis is narcotic, sedative, and diuretic, 
and, in large doses, poisonous. It is given to ful- 
fil many indications; as a diuretic, as a sedative, 
and antispasmodic, to reduce the force of the cir- 
culation, &c. It is given in substance in the dose 
of one grain, two or three times a-day, gradually 
increasing the quantity until some effect is pro- 
duced on the system. 

Powders of Foxglove. 

R. Powdered foxglove one grain 

cinnamon four grains 

sugar ten grains 

Mix. For a single dose, to be repeated 

two or three times a-day. Radius. 

R. Foxglove 
Sulphate of 

quinine a-half to two grains 

Fennel seed six grains 

Sugar of milk ten grains 

Mix. To be taken three or four times a- 

day, in phthisis. Gunther. 

R . Powdered foxglove ten grains 

calomel six grains 

valerian two scruples 
assafetida 

castor, each, half a drachm 

sugar one drachm 

Mix, and divide into twenty-four powders. 



a quarter to one gram 



One, morning and evening, in the convul- 
sions attendant on hydrocephalus. 

Pierquin. 

R. Powdered foxglove fifteen grains 

nitre three drachms 

cremor tartar half an ounce 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One to 

be taken every two hours. As a diuretic 

in dropsies. Br era. 

R . Powdered foxglove six grains 

G-olden sulphuret of antimony 

Calomel, each, three grains 

Sugar one drachm 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 

every three hours in peripneumonia. 

Radius. 

R. Powdered foxglove eight grains 

Extract of opium four grains 

Sugar one ounce 

Oil of peppermint four drops 

Mix, and divide into eight powders. One 

in the evening in palpitation of the heart. 

Sainte Marie. 

Extract op Foxglove. 

R. Fresh juice of foxglove at will 

Evaporate to proper consistence, without 

removing fecula. Bond. Ph. 

Dose, from half a grain to two grains. 

Bolus op Foxglove. 

R. Powdered foxglove fifteen grains 

Calomel eight grains 

Root of juniper one drachm 

Mix, and form four boluses. One, every 

four hours in encephalitis. Brera. 

R. Powdered foxglove twelve grains 

Calomel six grains 

Tartar emetic two grains 

Purified honey 

Powdered liquorice root, each, sufficient 
Mix, and form four boluses. One, every 
four hours, in hemoptysis and engorgement 
of the abdominal viscera. Brera. 

Pills of Foxglove. 
R. Powdered foxglove twelve grains 

Calomel six grains 

Opium two grains 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and form twelve pills. One to be 
taken every eight hours, in hydrothorax 
and ascites. Ellis. 

R. Powdered foxglove four grains 

camphor twelve grains 

Extract of henbane eighteen grains 
Mix, and make six pills. Two to be taken 
at bedtime. Used in maniacal and spas- 
modic affections. A. T. Thomson. 



DIGITALIS. 



191 



R • Powdered squills four grains 

myrrh one scruple 

foxglove ten grains 

calomel six grains 

Triturate together, and add 

Assafetida half a drachm 

Extract of gentian sufficient 

Beat into mass, and divide into fifteen pills. 
One night and morning, as a diuretic in 
dropsies. Paris. 

R. Powdered foxglove 

opium, each, six grains 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and make twelve pills. One to he 
taken every four hours. In asthma, &c. 

Ellis. 
R. Powdered foxglove one drachm 

Extract of hemlock 
rhubarb 
Aloes, each, half a drachm 

Glum ammoniac four scruples 

Oxymel of squills 

Powdered liquorice root, each/sufficient 
Mix, and make pills of six grains. Three 
to be taken morning and evening. In 
dropsy, &c. Brera. 

Infusion op Foxglove. 

R. Foxglove leaves one drachm 

Boiling water half a pint 

Tincture of cinnamon one fl. ounce 

Macerate the foxglove with the water, in 

a covered vessel, for four hours, strain, and 

add the tincture. U. S. Ph. 

The dose is half a fl. ounce, twice a-day, till 

the system is affected. 

Mixture of Foxglove and Acetate 

of Potassa. 

R. Infusion of foxglove four fl. ounces 

Tincture of foxglove one fl. drachm 

Acetate of potassa one drachm 

Tincture of opium ten drops 

Mix. A dessertspoonful three or four times 

a-day; as a diuretic. Ellis. 

Mixture of Foxglove and Acetate 
of Lead. 

R. Powdered foxglove three to five grains 
Solution of subacetateof lead five drops 
Syrup of orange flowers one ounce 
Infusion of poppies six ounces 

Mix. In spoonful doses, in hypertrophy 

of the heart. Foy. 

Mixture of Foxglove and Tartaric 
Acid. 

R . Infusion of foxglove half an ounce 
Tartaric acid one scruple 

Carbonate of soda twenty-four grains 



Sweet spirit of nitre one drachm 

Tincture of squills four drops 

Mint water two ounces 

Mix. As a diuretic, in ascites. To be 

taken twice or thrice a-day. Dewees. 

Expectorant Mixture op Foxglove. 

R. Foxglove leaves thirty grains 

Boiling water sufficient 

to obtain four ounces of strained infusion, 

add 

Syrup of gum Arabic three ounces 
Kermes mineral six grains 

Syrup of mallows one ounce 

Mix. To be taken, in teaspoonful doses, 

in pneumonia and pleurisy. Brera. 

Tincture op Foxglove. 
R. Foxglove leaves four ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 

U. S. Ph. 

Dose, from ten to twenty drops, two or three 
times a-day. 

Mixture of Tincture of Foxglove. 
R. Tincture of foxglove one fl. drachm 
opium sixty drops 

Distilled water two fl. ounces 

Mix. A teaspoonful, two or three times 
a-day, in hemoptysis and incipient phthi- 
sis. Ellis. 

Ethereal Tincture of Foxglove. 

R. Foxglove leaves one part 

Sulphuric ether four parts 

Macerate for two days, and decant. Dose, 

from ten to twenty drops. Soubeiran. 

Vinegar of Foxglove. 
R. Foxglove leaves half an ounce 

Vinegar four fl. ounces 

Infuse for twenty-four hours, strain, and 
add 

Sugar five ounces 

A teaspoonful, several times a-day. Highly 
spoken of in incipient phthisis. Martins. 

Ointment of Foxglove. 
R. Bruised foxglove leaves one part 

Lard two parts 

Melt over a slow fire, until all moisture is 
driven off, and strain. As an application 
to chronic ulcers. Soubeiran. 

Plaster op Foxglove. 
R. Foxglove leaves two drachms 

Vinegar one fl. ounce 

Macerate, and evaporate to consistence of 
an extract, and add 

Calomel ten grains 

Elemi ointment eight scruples 

In chronic glandular swellings. Sundelin. 



192 



DIGITALINA— DIOSMA. 



Syrup op Foxglove. 

R. Foxglove leaves (European) four ounces 
Water sufficient 

Sugar one pound 

Bruise the foxglove, add sufficient water to 
render quite moist, exhaust, by process of 
displacement, evaporate in a water-bath to 
ten ounces, add sugar, and form syrup. 
One teaspoonful is equivalent to fifteen 
grains of digitalis, or about two ounces of 
infusion. Duhamel. 



DIGITALINA. 



DiGITALIN. 

R. Powdered foxglove at will 

Macerate for twenty-four hours in a suffi- 
ciency of sulphuric ether, decant, repeat 
the operation several times, the last on a 
water-bath. Unite, and filter the tinctures, 
and distil off the most of the ether, over a 
water-bath. Treat the residue with dis- 
tilled water. Add, very gradually, finely 
powdered litharge, till there is no acid re- 
action. Evaporate to dryness, treat with 
sulphuric ether, and evaporate to crystal- 
lizing point. Magendie. 
Dose, from one-sixteenth to one-eighth of a 
grain. 

Pills op Digitalin. 
R. Digitalin three quarters of a grain 
Powdered gum Arabic 
Mucilage of gum Arabic, each, sufficient 
Mix, and make twenty pills. Dose, one 
to four daily, in hypertrophy of the heart. 
Bouchardat. 
Granules of Digitalin. 
R. Digitalin fifteen and a-half grains 
Sugar one ounce and a-half 

"Water sufficient 

Mix, and form one thousand granules. 
Dose, from four to six a-day. Homolle. 



DIOSMA. 
Buchu. • 

Buchu consists of the leaves of several species 
of Diosma, or more properly Barosma, especially 
of B.crenata and B. scratifolia. They are small 
shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ruta- 
ceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. (Diosma) 287. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 191. 

These leaves have a strong, somewhat aro- 
matic odor, and a bitterish, aromatic taste. They 
are gently stimulant and diuretic, and are much 
used in diseases of the urinary organs, and also 
in some other complaints. The dose, in substance, 
is from twenty to thirty grains. 



Infusion of Buchu. 
R. Buchu leaves one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for four hours, in a covered ves- 
sel, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
The dose is from one to two fluid ounces. 

Compound Infusion of Buchu. 
R . Buchu leaves 

Urva ursi, each, half an ounce 

Boiling water eight ounces 

Digest for half an hour, strain, and add 

Syrup of senega half a fl. ounce 

One or two spoonfuls every two hours, in 
atony of the bladder, and mucous dis- 
charges. Radius. 

Tincture of Buchu. 
R. Buchu leaves two ounces 

Proof spirit one pint 

Macerate for seven days, and filter. 

Dub. Ph. 

Dose, from one to four fl. drachms. 

Extract of Buchu. 
R. Buchu, in coarse powder, a pound 
Ether four fl. ounces 

Alcohol twelve fl. ounces 

Displace without maceration, add diluted 
alcohol until a pint of ethero-alcoholic 
tincture is obtained ; suffer this to evapo- 
rate spontaneously; treat the residue in 
the displacer, with diluted alcohol, till two 
pints are obtained ; evaporate to a syrup ; 
add the product of the first tincture, and 
with a gentle heat concentrate to the proper 
consistence. W. Procter. 

Fluid Extract of Buchu. 
R. Buchu leaves eight ounces 

Alcohol sixteen fl. ounces 

Water sufficient 

Reduce the leaves to a coarse powder, 
moisten them in a covered vessel, with 
twelve fl. ounces of the alcohol, macerate 
for six hours, and introduce into a dis- 
placer. When the clear fluid has ceased to 
pass, add the remaining alcohol, mixed 
with four fl. ounces of water, until the 
displaced liquid amounts to twelve fl. 
ounces, which is to be set aside until re- 
duced to six fl. ounces by spontaneous 
evaporation. The residue in the displacer 
is then to be treated with a pint of cold 
water by maceration for twelve hours, and 
subjected to pressure till a pint is obtained. 
Evaporate this to ten fl. ounces, mix with 
six fl. ounces of the tincture, agitate for 
several days, filter, or strain. Dose, one to 
two teaspoonfuls. W. Procter. 



DIOSPYROS-DULCAMARA. 



193 



DIOSPYROS. 

Persimmon. 

The Persimmon, or Diospyros Virginiana, is a 
native tree, found in the middle and southern 
States, most frequent in the latter. 

Sex. Syst. Dicec. octand. Nat. Syst. Ebenacese. 

Linn. Sp. PL 1510. Griffith, Med. Bot. 435. 

Several parts of the Persimmon have been 
used in medicine, as the bark and the unripe 
fruit. They are both powerful astringents, and 
have been employed with success in bowel com- 
plaints and hemorrhages. The bark may be 
given in infusion, the fruit, in syrup or vinous 
tincture. 

Infusion or Persimmon Bark. 
R. Persimmon bark, 

bruised, half an ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for two hours, and strain. 
Used in doses of a fl. ounce, in intermittents, 
and as a gargle in ulcerated sore throat. 

. Wine op Persimmons. 
R. Crushed green persimmons one pound 
Port wine one pint and a-half 

Macerate for fourteen days, strain, and 
filter. Dose, two to four fl. drachms a 
day, as an astringent. Beasley. 



DIRCA. 

Leatherwood. 

The Dirca palustris i3 an indigenous shrub, 
found in boggy situations, with long, tough 
roots. 

Sex. Syst. Octand. monog. Nat. Syst. Thyme- 
laceas. 

Linn. Amcen. iii. 12. Griffith, Med. Bot. 561. 

The part used is the bark, which is very fibrous ; 
it causes redness and vesication, when applied 
to the skin ; when chewed, it induces saliva- 
tion. It has been given in infusion, or decoc- 
tion, as a sudorific, and expectorant, and also in 
the same class of diseases as mezereon. 



DRACONTIUM 

Skunk Cabbage. 



A perennial plant, with very large leaves, in- 
digenous to the United States, growing in wet sit- 
uations : it is the Symplocarpus falidus. 

Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Oion- 
tiacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1372 (Dracontium). Griffith, 
Med. Bot. G19. 

The root is officinal, but the seeds are equally 
powerful. They both have a very acrid taste 
when fresh. The leaves, when bruised, have a 
nauseous smell, and are a good stimulating ap- 
plication to blisters. The root and seeds are 
stimulant, antispasmodic, and narcotic ; and have 
been employed with success in asthma, hysteria, 
&c. The dose in powder is from two to twenty 
grains, several times a-day. 

13 



Infusion of Skunk Cabbage. 
R. Skunk cabbage root one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse in a covered vessel for an hour, and 
strain. Dose, an ounce to two ounces. 

Tincture of Skunk Cabbage Root. 
R. Skunk cabbage root, sliced, one ounce 
Alcohol six fl. ounces 

Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. 

Turner. 
Tincture of Skunk Cabbage Seed. 
R. Skunk cabbage seed two drachms 

Alcohol four fl. ounces 

Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. 

Turner. 



DULCAMARA. 

Bittersweet. 

The Bittersweet, or Solarium dulcamara, is a 
climbing shrub, indigenous to Europe, and natural- 
ized extensively in this country. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. sola- 



Linn. Sp. PI. 264. Griffith, Med. Bot. 480. 

The officinal portions are the small stems. 
These have a heavy, unpleasant odor when 
fresh, but are scentless when dry. They have 
a somewhat bitter taste, followed by a peculiar 
sweetness. The properties of Bittersweet are 
those of a narcotic, diuretic, and diaphoretic. It 
has been used in chronic rheumatism, asthma, 
&c, and especially in chronic cutaneous disor- 
ders. The dose, in substance, is from thirty grains 
to a drachm, but it is seldom given in this form. 

Decoction of Bittersweet. 
R. Bittersweet, bruised, one ounce 

Water one pint and a-half 

Boil down to a pint, and strain. 

U. 8. Ph. 

Dose, from one to two fl. ounces, three or four 
times a-day, gradually increased, till a pint is 
taken in the twenty-four hours. In chronic 
eruptions, &c. 

Compound Decoction of Bittersweet. 
R. Bittersweet half an ounce 

Liquorice root 

Burdock 

Sassafras bark 

Guaicum, each, two drachms 

Water two pints 

Boil down to sixteen ounces, and strain. 
Dose, one to two fl. ounces, several times 
a-day, in chronic rheumatism, and vene- 
real affections. Augustin. 

Extract of Bittersweet. 
R. Bittersweet, in coarse 

powder, one pound 

Water sufficient 

Mix the powder with a pint of the water ; 



194 ELATERIUM. 



let it stand for twenty-four hours, put it 
in a displacement apparatus, and add wa- 
ter gradually, till the liquor that passes is 
but slightly impregnated with the proper- 
ties of the bittersweet. Heat the filtered 
fluid, strain, and evaporate to proper con- 
sistence. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, from five to ten grains. 
R . Freshly dried bittersweet, 

contused, eight ounces 

Diluted alcohol four pints 

Digest by a gentle heat, for fourteen days, 
express, filter, and evaporate on water- 
bath, to a proper consistence. Dose, five 
to eight grains. J. W. Simes. 

Syrup op Bittersweet. 
R. Coarsely powdered bitter- 
sweet four ounces 
Water twelve fl. ounces 
Alcohol four fl. ounces 
Mix the fluids, pour on the powder in a 
displacer, until one pound of tincture is 
obtained, adding water to displace the di- 
luted alcohol. Evaporate to half a pint, 
add fifteen ounces of sugar, and make a 
syrup. W. Procter. 



Pills op Extract op Bittersweet. 
R. Extract of bittersweet one ounce 

Crude antimony 

Powder of bittersweet, each, half an 

ounce 

Mix, and form pills of two grains each. 

Dose, from fifteen to twenty, twice a-day, 

in obstinate cutaneous affections. Radius. 

Mixture op Bittersweet. 
R . Extract of bittersweet three drachms 
seneka two drachms 

hemlock one drachm 

Antimonial wine 

Cinnamon water, each, one ounce 

Mix. Forty to eighty drops, four times 
a-day, in scrofulous swelling, spasmodic 
cough, &c. Augustin. 

R. Extract of bittersweet half a scruple 

Infusion of liquorice 

Decoction of mallows, each, one ounce 
and a-half 

Wine of opium two drops 

Oxymel three drachms 

Mix. A teaspoonful, in chronic catarrh 
in children. Radius. 



ELATERIUM. 
Elaterium 

Is a peculiar substance deposited by the juice 
of the fruit of Ecbalium elaterium, a native of the 
south of Europe, growing in waste places. 

Sea;. Syst. Moncec. monad. Nat. Syst. Cucur- 
bitacese. 

Richard. Griffith, Med. Bot. 305. 

Elaterium is in light, friable, thin, somewhat 
curled flakes or fragments, of a pale, grayish- 
green color. The taste is acrid, and bitterish ; 
but the odor is very slight. The dose is from one 
to two grains, of the common commercial kind, 
of the pure and genuine, not more than one- 
eighth to a quarter of a grain. 

Elaterium Pills. 
R. Elaterium ten grains 

Extract of gentian three drachms 

Mix, and form pills of four grains each. 
One or two, twice a-day, as a hydragogue 
purgative. Saunders. 

R. Elaterium six grains 

Extract of gentian 

Soap, each, nine grains 



One to four 
Radius. 

half a drachm 



Mix, and form twelve pills, 
in obstinate constipation. 

R. Elaterium 
Aloes 

Gamboge, each, two drachms 

Gum ammoniac two ounces 

Tincture of wormwood sufficient 

Mix, and form pills of four grains each. 

Steed. Ph. 

R. Elaterium fifteen grains 

Sulphate of potassa one scruple 

Soap one drachm 

Powdered ginger one drachm and a-half 

Rub the elaterium and sulphate of potassa 

together, and then with the ginger and 

soap, adding sufficient water to form mass, 

and form sixty pills. One to two every 

hour, until full evacuations are procured. 

Sprague. 

Elaterium Mixture. 
R. Elaterium one grain 

Spirit of nitric ether two fl. ounces 



ELATERINA— EMETINA. 



195 



Tincture of squills 

Oxymel of colchicum, each, half a fl. 
ounce 

Syrup one fl. ounce 

Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times 
a-day, in a little water. In ascites, or 
hydrothorax. Ferriar. 

R. Elaterium one grain 

Parsley water six fl. ounces 

Oxymel of squills 

Syrup of buckthorn, each, half fl. ounce 

Root of juniper one ounce 

Aromatic tincture one drachm 

Spirit of nitric ether two fl. drachms 
Mix. Used as above, and in the same 
cases. Hufeland. 

Oil or Elaterium. 
R. Fruit of elaterium one part 

Oil of olives two parts 

Digest in a water-bath, for some days, then 
evaporate all moisture, and strain. As 
an application for sore nipples, frosted 
limbs, and painful hemorrhoids. 

Lond. Ph. 



ELATERINA. 

Elaterin. 
R. Juice of ecbalium at will 

Treat with water, dissolve the insoluble 
residue in alcohol, evaporate to consistence 
of syrup, purify the crystals that form, by 
washing with ether. 

Tincture of Elaterin. 

R. Elaterin one grain 

Alcohol one ounce 

Nitric acid four drops 

Mix. Dose, twenty to forty drops, in 

cinnamon water. Morris. 



ELEMI. 

Elemi. 

Elcmi is a resinous exudation of various spe- 
cies of plants, principally belonging to the natu- 
ral order of Amyridace;c. It occurs in masses 
of various consistence and color, but usually di- 
aphanous; it has a terebinthinate and somewhat 
aromatic odor, and a warm, unpleasant taste. It 
has the usual properties of the turpentines, but 
is only employed as an external application. It 
is seldom used in this country, but is extensively 
employed in Europe. 

Ointment op Elemi. 

R. Elemi one pound 

Common turpentine ten ounces 

Suet two pounds 

Olive oil two fl. ounces 



Melt the elemi with the suet; remove from 
fire, and add turpentine and oil, and strain. 
Lond. Ph. 
As a gentle stimulant to flabby ulcers, &c. 
R. Elemi 

Venice turpentine, each, 

one ounce and a-half 

Suet two ounces 

Balsam tolu one ounce 

Melt together, and strain. As a dressing 

to indolent and ill-conditioned ulcers. 

Neimann. 
Elemi Cautery Plaster. 
R. Elemi 

Spermaceti, each, five parts 

Turpentine six parts 

White wax ten parts 

Melt together, and spread on paper. To 

keep up discharge from issues. Soubeiran. 



EMETINA. 

Emetine. 



This is a peculiar alkaloid, found in the vari- 
ous kinds of ipecacuanha, and to which they owe 
their active properties. There are two varieties, 
the colored or impure, and the white or pure. 

Impure Emetine. 
R. Ipecacuanha one part 

Alcohol (.835) four parts 

Macerate for some days, express, and filter; 
treat the residue with three parts of alcohol 
as above, unite the tinctures, distil, dis- 
solve the residue in four parts of cold 
water, filter, evaporate to the consistence 
of honey, and finish the drying by a gentle 
heat. Cotiereau. 

It is reddish brown, inodorous, bitter, and 
deliquescent. 

Pure Emetine. 
R. Impure emetine at will 

Dissolve in water, treat with magnesia, 
wash with cold water, treat several times 
with alcohol, on a water-bath, evaporate 
the solution to dryness, dissolve the resi- 
dues in very dilute sulphuric or acetic 
acid, boil with a little animal charcoal, 
add an alkaline solution to saturate the 
acid, dry the precipitate, dissolve it in 
alcohol, and evaporate to dryness. 

Cottereau. 
It is yellowish or white, pulverulent, not deli- 
quescent. Dose, 1-lCth to l-4th of a grain. 

Emetine Mixture. 
R. Impure emetine four grains 

Infusion of orange leaves two fl. ounces 
Syrup of orange flowers half a fl. ounce 



196 ERGOTA. 

— • — - 
Mix. A dessertspoonful every half hour, 
to produce vomiting. Magendie. 

R. Pure emetine, dissolved in 

Nitric acid one grain 

Infusion of linden three fl. ounces 

Syrup of mallows one fl. ounce 

Mix. Given as the last. Foy. 

Emetine Lozenges. 
R. Impure emetine thirty-two grains 
Sugar two ounces 

Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient 

Rub together, and form lozenges of eight- 
een grains. One will usually vomit a child, 
and three or four an adult. Magendie. 
R . Impure emetine thirty-two grains 

Sugar four ounces 

Mucilage tragacanth sufficient 

Mix, and form lozenges of nine grains 
each. One occasionally as an expectorant. 
Guibourt. 
Syrup op Emetine. 
R. Impure emetine sixteen grains 

Dissolve in a little water, filter, and add to 
Syrup one pound 

R . Pure emetine four grains 

Syrup one pound 

Mix. The dose of these syrups is a tea- 
spoonful. Soubeiran. 



ERGOTA. 

Ergot. 



Ergot is the diseased seeds of die common rye, 
but the cause of this morbid growth has given 
rise to much controversy. The most general 
opinion, now is, that it is owing to a fungus, but 
authors are not agreed as to the character of this. 
The most recent investigator, Mr. Queckett, calls 
it Ergotctia arbortifaciens. It is also a question 
whether the peculiar properties of ergot depend 
on the fungus, or on the morbid grain. Ergot is 
one of the few articles that act specifically on 
the uterus, increasing its contractile energy ; and 
its principal use is as a stimulant to uterine ac- 
tion in labor, and also to check hemorrhage from 
that organ, but it has been employed in a variety 
of other diseases, and especially externally as a 
styptic. The dose, in substance, to aid labor, is 
Irom fifteen to twenty grains, to be repeated every 
twenty minutes, till the desired effect is produced, 
or till a drachm is taken. 

Infusion of Ergot. 
R . Ergot one drachm 

Boiling water four fl. ounces 

Infuse. One-third as a dose, to be repeated 
every twenty minutes. Wood. 

R . Ergot half a drachm 

Boiling water one fl. ounce and a-half 
Infuse for half an hour, and strain. To be 
repeated every four hours. Ramsbotham. 



Decoction of Ergot. 
R. Ergot one ounce 

Water two pints and a-half 

Boil to two pints, and strain. A table- 
spoonful every quarter of an hour. 

Wine of Ergot. 

R. Bruised ergot two ounces 

Sherry wine one pint 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. U. S. Ph. 



Dose, in labor, two to three fl. drachms ; for 
other purposes, one to two fl. drachms. 

Syrup of Ergot. 
R. Ergot one ounce and a-half 

White wine two ounces 

Macerate for eight days, express, and filter; 
treat the residue three times with water, 
mix together all the decoctions, and add 

Sugar one pound 

Evaporate to consistence of syrup, and add 
the vinous tincture. Dose, one to two 
fl. ounces. Foy. 

R. Ergot twenty grains 

Extract of opium 

three-quarters of a grain 

Syrup eight fl. ounces 

Mix. Dose, one fl. ounce occasionally in 
engorgements of the uterus. Lisfranc. 



Tincture of Ergot. 
R. Ergot two ounces and a-half 

Diluted alcohol one pint 

Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. 
Dose, twenty drops to a fl. drachm. As a 
sedative. Guy's Hospital. 

Compound Powder of Ergot. 

R. Powdered ergot two scruples 

cubebs one ounce 

cinnamon half a drachm 

sugar one drachm 

Mix, and divide into eight powders ; one 

to be taken, three or four times a-day, in 

leucorrhcea or gleet. Ryan. 

R. Powdered ergot half a drachm 

Aromatic powder half a scruple 

Sugar half a drachm 

Mix, and divide into ten powders. One 
to be given every hour to three hours, in 
hemorrhages. Ryan. 

Ergot Mixture. 
R. Powdered ergot half a drachm 

Syrup half a fl. ounce 

Mint water one fl. ounce 

Mix. One-third to be taken at a dose, and 
repeated every twenty minutes; to aid la- 
bor. Soubeiran. 



ERIGERON CANADENSE- 



R. Powdered ergot one drachm 

Syrup three fl. ounces 

Tincture of opium twenty drops 

Essence of bergamot six drops 

Mix. A spoonful ; to be repeated as may 

be required. Pierqiiin. 

Ergot Clyster. 

R. Powdered ergot one to three drachms 

Water twelve ounces 

Boil for ten minutes, and strain. As an 

enema, to aid labor. Foy. 

Compound Ergot Pills. 
R. Powdered ergot half a drachm 

Extract of gentian one drachm 

Rub together, and make fifteen pills. In 
dysmenorrhoea. One pill to be taken three 
times a-day. Deioees. 

Ergot Injection. 
R. Powdered ergot half an ounce 

Boiling water half a pint 

Infuse, and strain. As an injection in 
erythema of the vagina and urethritis. 

Desriielles. 
Extract op Ergot. 
R. Powdered ergot at will 

Water sufficient 

Exhaust the ergot by the process of d^place- 
ment; heat the result on water-bath; filter, 
and evaporate to consistence of syrup, add 
alcohol to precipitate gummy principles, 
permit to rest, decant, and evaporate to 
consistence of soft extract. Bonjean. 

Said to be very efficacious in hemorrhages, 
in doses of two grains every two hours ; also ap- 
plied as a styptic to bleeding vessels. 

Extract of Ergot Mixture. 
R. Extract of ergot fifteen grains 

Syrup of orange flowers one fl. ounce 
Water three fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful, every quarter of an 
hour, in uterine hemorrhage. Dose to be 
increased, if requisite. Bonjean. 

Pills of Extract of Ergot. 
R. Extract of ergot one drachm 

Powdered liquorice root sufficient 

Mix, and make fifty pills. Dose, six to 
ten, a-day. 

Oil of Ergot. 
R. Powdered ergot at will 

Sulphuric ether sufficient 

Exhaust ergot by process of displacement; 
evaporate result by a gentle heat. Wright. 
Dose, from twenty to fifty drops, in some ap- 
propriate vehicle, in parturition, &c. In doses of 
ten drops, every three hours, in diarrhoea, gastric 
irritability, &c. 



ERYNGIUM MARITIMUM. 197 

ERIGERON. 

1. ERIGERON CANADENSE. 

Canada Fleabane. 

A common native plant, with numerous white 
flowers, found in waste places, in the northern 
and middle States. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Asteracea?. 

Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 1954. Torrey & Gray; 
Fl. ii. 175. 

The whole plant is used ; it has a rather plea- 
sant smell, and a bitterish, acrid, somewhat 
astringent taste. It is said to be diuretic, tonic, 
and astringent, and to be useful in dropsies and 
diarrhasa. Dose, in substance, thirty grains to a 
drachm. 

Infusion of Canada Fleabane. 
R. Canada fleabane one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse. Dose, two to four fl. ounces. 

Dupuy. 

Extract of Canada Fleabane. 
R. Canada fleabane one pound 

Water one gallon 

Boil down to four pints, filter, and evapo- 
rate to proper consistence. Dose, five to 
ten grains. 



2. ERIGERON ANNUUM. 
Fleabane. 

This species, which has been also called, E. 
heierophyllum, is very closely allied to, and iden- 
tical in properties with, E. strigosam {E. Philadel- 
phicum). It is also a common plant in the 
United States. 

Persoon, Synop. ii. 431. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
394. 

The whole plant is used. It has a peculiar, 
but not unpleasant odor, when bruised, and as- 
tringent, bitterish taste. It is much celebrated as 
a diuretic, especially in dysuria of children. 



Infusion of Fleabane. 



R. Fleabane 

Boiling water 
Infuse. Dose, two to 
every three or four hours 



four 



one ounce 

one pint 

fl. ounces, 

Deweeit. 



ERYNGIUM. 



1. ERYNGIUM MARITIMUM. 

Sea Holly. 

This plant is a native of Europe, growing on 
sandy beaches. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Api- 
acece. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 337. Griffith, Med. Bot. 315. 

It is thought to be diuretic, and was also es- 
teemed aphrodisiac. The part used is the root, 
which has a sweet, agreeable taste, and an aro- 
matic odor. 



198 ERYNGIUM AQUATICUM 

2. ERYNGIUM AQUATICUM. 

Button Snakeroot. 

A native species, growing in wet places, from 
Virginia to Florida. 

Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2. p. 336. Torrey & Gray, 
Fl. 1. 604. 

The root is bitter, aromatic, and pungent. It 
is diaphoretic and expectorant, and is useful in 
the same cases to which senega is appropriate. 
Used to some extent in South Carolina. 



—EUPHORBIA LATHYRIS. 



EUPATORIUM. 

BONESET. 

This, the E.perfoliatum, is a native plant, found 
in abundance in most parts of the United States, 
in moist situations. Several other native species 
are almost identical in their properties, as E. teu- 
crifolium, E. purpureum, &c. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. aequal. Nat. Syst. Aster- 
aceae. 

The parts used are the leaves and flowers. 
These have a faint odor, and a peculiar, bitter 
taste. It is tonic and diaphoretic, and, in large 
doses, emetic and laxative. Dose, in substance, 
as a tonic, is twenty to thirty grains. 

Infusion op Boneset. 
R. Boneset one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for two hours, in a covered vessel, 
and strain. IT. S. Ph. 

As a diaphoretic, to be taken freely, warm ; 
as a tonic, a fl. ounce, cold. 

Decoction of Boneset. 
R. Boneset one ounce 

Water one pint and a-lialf 

Boil down to a pint. 

Dose, a wineglassful, or more, as an emetic 
and catharthic. 

Compound Infusion op Boneset. 
R. Boneset 

Sage, each, half an ounce 

Cascarilla one drachm 

Boiling water one pint and a-half 

Infuse till cold, and strain. A wineglass- 
ful, every three or four hours. In hectic 
fever. Ellis. 



EUPHORBIA. 

Spurge. 



1. EUPHORBIA COROLLATA. 

Bowman's Root. 

A native plant, with numerous white flowers, 
found in many parts of the United States, in dry, 
sandy soil. 

Sex. Syst. Dodecand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Eu- 
phorbiacese. 



Linn. Sp. PL 258. Griffith, Med. Bot. 592. 

The root, which is the part used, is large, 
white, inodorous, and almost tasteless. It is a 
safe and certain emetic, in doses of fifteen or 
twenty grains, and diaphoretic in that of three or 
four. 



2. EUPHORBIA IPECAC- 
UANHA. 

Wild Ipecacuanha. 

Also a native plant, with numerous procum- 
bent stems, and variously shaped leaves. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 653. Griffith, Med. Bot. 592. 

The root, the part used, is large, white, almost 
inodorous, and a somewhat sweet taste. It is 
an energetic emetic, but, like the last species, apt 
to act on the bowels. Dose, ten to fifteen 
grains. 

Compound Powder of Wild Ipecac- 
uanha. 
R. Powdered wild ipecacuanha 

opium, each, six grains 

Sulphate of potassa forty-eight grains 
Triturate well, and divide into sis pow- 
ders. As a substitute for Dover's pow- 
der, to which it is equal, if not superior. 
W. P. G. Barton. 



3. EUPHORBIA HYPERICI- 

FOLIA. 

Black Purslane. 

A small, procumbent, native plant, with leaves 
often marked with a purple spot. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 652. Griffith, Med. Bot. 593. 

The whole plant is used, and is said to be as- 
tringent and narcotic. It is inodorous, but has a 
sweetish, somewhat austere taste. It has been 
recommended in diarrhcea, fluor albus, &c. 

Infusion of Black Purslane. 
R . Dried black purslane half an ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for half an hour, and strain. Dose, 
in dysentery and diarrhcea, a tablespoon- 
ful, every hour, till the morbid symptoms 
yield, then less frequently ; in monorrha- 
gia and leucorrhcea, a wineglassful, three 
times a-day. Zollickoffer. 



4. EUPHORBIA LATHYRIS. 
Mole Plant. 

A tall species, native of Europe, but often 
cultivated in this country. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 655. Lindley, Flor. Med. 194. 

The seeds, which are the officinal portion, af- 
ford a purgative oil, which is tasteless, and al- 
most inodorous. It acts on the bowels, in doses 
of from four to twelve drops, but is apt to cause 
nausea and vomiting. 



EUPHORBIUM— FERRI RAMENTA. 



199 



Mixture of Oil of Mole Plant. 
R . Oil of mole plant eight drops 

Powdered gum Arabic one drachm 
Sugar two ounces 

Distilled water three fl. ounces 

Mix. As a purgative draught. 

Pichonnier. 



EUPHORBIUM. 

EUPHORBIUM 



Is the concrete resinous juice obtained from 
several succulent species of euphorbia, princi- 
pally natives of Africa. It is in the form of 
tears, or small, irregular masses, of a yellowish, 
or reddish color. The taste is at first slight, but 
soon becomes acrid and burning ; the odor is very 
faint. It is a violent emetic and purgative, and 
is not used internally ; as an external application 
it is employed in Europe, and also as a sternuta- 
tory. 

Sternutatory of Euphorbium. 
R. Powdered euphorbium one drachm 
white hellebore four scruples 
Mix. Very violent in its action. Pierquin. 

Oil of Euphorbium. 
R. Euphorbium one part 

Olive oil ten parts 

Digest for ten days, and filter. As a fric- 
tion in paralysis. Van Mons. 



Plaster of Euphorbium. 
R. Pitch 

Yellow wax, each, three ounces 

Turpentine one ounce 

Melt together, and add 

G-um ammoniac 

Olibanum 

Mastich 

Calamine, each, one ounce 

Euphorbium 

Pyrethrum 

Common salt, each, two ounces 

Stir, till cold. A stimulating and rube- 
facient application, known as capuchin 
ointment. Wirtemberg Ph. 



EUPHRASIA. 

Eyebright. 

The Euphrasia officinalis is a small, annual 
plant, a native of Europe, and the northern parts 
of Asia and America. 

Sex. Syst. Didynam.gymnos. Nat. Syst. Scro- 
phulariacese. 

Linn. Sp. PL 841. Lindley, Flor. Med. 506. 

The whole plant is used. It is slightly bitter 
and aromatic, and, at one time, was much used 
in diseases of the eyes. Dr. Kranichfeld says it 
is peculiarly beneficial in catarrhal ophthalmia, 
and also in cough and other catarrhal affections. 



FERRUM. 
Iron. 

A solid, hard, malleable, ductile metal, of a sil- 
very white color, and fibrous texture, attracted 
by the magnet, of a slight styptic taste, and a 
faint, but peculiar odor, when rubbed. Oxidiza- 
ble in the air, and when heated to whiteness, 
burning with great brilliancy. It is employed 
medicinally in a great number of forms, both in 
the metallic form, in those of oxides and salts. 
All these are powerfully tonic and astringent. 



FERRI FILUM. 
Iron Wire. 



FERRI RAMENTA. 

Iron Filings. 

These should always be perfectly pure, when 



used internally, and in a state of minute divi- 
sion. 

Prepared Metallic Iron. 
R. Iron filings at will 

Pound in an iron mortar, with great force, 
sift through a fine sieve, and porphyrize, 
until all metallic brilliancy has disappear- 
ed, and again sift. Keep in a perfectly 
dry place. Paris God. 

Dose, from five to twenty grains. 
R. Spread oxide of iron in a tube, heat 
the tube, and cause a stream of hydrogen 
gas to pass through it, till the iron is re- 
duced. Soubeiran. 
R. Place precipitated carbonate of iron on 
layers of iron gauze, in a tube of wrought 
iron, pass a stream of hydrogen through it, 
heat to a dull red, and maintain this for 
some hours, keeping up a small current of 
W. Procter. 



200 



a 



FERRI ACETAS 

Powder or Metallic Iron. 



Prepared metallic iron ten grams 

Sugar one drachm 

Mix. To be given, four times a-day, in 

chlorosis and amenorrhcea. Brera. 

Compound Powder of Metallic Iron. 

R. Prepared metallic iron 
Powdered guaia- 

cuin, each, half a drachm 

Prepared oyster shell half an ounce 
Sugar three drachms 

Mix. Divide into ten powders; one, twice 

a-day, in scrofula. Goelis. 

R. Prepared metallic iron 
Powdered cinna- 
mon, each, half a drachm 
Sugar, three drachms 

Mix, and divide into twelve powders. 

One every three hours, as a tonic. 

Guibourt. 

R . Prepared metallic iron one grain 

Carbonate of magnesia five grains 

Powdered cinnamon two grains 

sugar one scruple 

Mix. One-half in the morning, the other 

in the evening, in rachitis. Hufeland. 

R. Prepared metallic iron 
Powdered anise 

Castor, each, two drachms 

Powdered cinnamon 

nutmeg, each, one drachm 

Mix, and divide into twenty-four powders. 

One, morning and evening, in chlorosis. 
St. Marie. 
Bolus of Prepared Iron. 

R . Prepared metallic iron 

Powdered myrrh, each, ten grains 
Aromatic powder two grains 

Powder of rosemary half a drachm 
Syrup of orange peel sufficient 

Make a bolus. To be taken morning and 

evening, in amenorrhcea. Augustin. 

Pills of Prepared Iron. 
R . Prepared metallic iron two ounces 
Extract of wormwood, sufficient 

Mix, and make six-grain pills. Three or 
four, morning and evening, in chlorosis, 
dyspepsia, &c. Soiibeiran. 

R. Prepared metallic iron one drachm 
Powdered black hellebore one scruple 
Extract of gentian two drachms 

Syrup of saffron sufficient 

Mix, and form sixty pills. Two, three 

times a-day, as an emmenagogue. 

St. Marie. 

R . Prepared metallic iron half an ounce 



four scruples 



Powdered columbo 
rhubarb 
cinnamon, each, 

two scruples 

Extract of quassia sufficient 

Mix, and form pills of three grains each. 

Three to four a-day, as a tonic in debility. 

Jahn . 
Aromatic Mixture of Iron. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce 
Sliced columbo three drachms 

Bruised cloves two drachms 

Iron filings half an ounce 

Digest for three days in a covered vessel, 
and add as much peppermint water as 
will yield a mixture of twelve ounces, 
after filtration, then add compound tinc- 
ture of cardamom, three ounces, and tinc- 
ture of orange peel, three drachms. 

Dub. Ph. 
As a tonic, in closes of one or two fi. ounces. 



FERRI ACETAS. 

Acetate of Iron. 
R. Subcarbonate of iron one part 

Acetic acid six parts 

Digest for three days, and filter. 

Dub. Ph. 
Dose, from ten to twenty-five drops, in water. 

Tincture of Acetate of Dion. 

R. Acetate of potassa two parts 

Sulphate of iron one part 

Rectified spirit twenty-six parts 

Rub the acetate and sulphate together, 

dry by a moderate heat, and triturate with 

spirit. Digest in a closed bottle for seven 

days, and decant. Dub. Ph. 

Dose, from thirty drops to a teaspoonful, in 

some convenient vehicle. 

Alcoholic Tincture of Acetate of 

Iron. 

R. Liquid acetate of iron one part 

Diluted alcohol seven parts 

Digest for two days, and filter. Dose, ten 

to fifty drops. Guibourt. 

Ethereal Tincture of Acetate of 
Iron. 
R. Liquid acetate of iron nine ounces 
Acetic ether one ounce 

Alcohol two ounces 

Mix. Dose, twenty to thirty drops. 

Spielmann. 

Acetate of Iron and Alum. 
R. Sulphate of iron two parts 

one part 



Alum 



FERRUM AMMONIATUM— FERRI BROMIDUM. 



Boiling water ten parts 

Filter the solution, and gradually add so- 
lution of subacetate of lead till precipita- 
tion ceases ; let rest, and filter ; evaporate 
to consistence of a jelly. As a marking 
ink; it resists alkalies, but not acids. 

Guibourt. 



R. 



FERRUM AMMONIATUM. 

Ammoniated Iron. 
Subcarbonate of iron three ounces 
Muriatic acid ten fl. ounces 

Muriate of am- 
monia two pounds and a-half 
Distilled water four pints 
Mix the subcarbonate with the acid, in a 
glass vessel, and digest for two hours, 
then add the muriate of ammonia, pre- 
viously dissolved in the water, filter, and 
evaporate to dryness. IT. S. Ph. 
Said to be useful in amenorrhcea, scrofula, epi- 
lepsy, &c. Dose, four to twelve grains, several 
times a-day. 

Compound Powder op Ammoniated 
Iron. 
R. Ammoniated iron 

Powdered quassia, each, two drachms 
Powdered chamomile half an ounce 
Mix, and divide into twenty-four pow- 
ders. One, four times a-day, as a febri- 



fuge. 

R. Ammoniated iron 
Gum ammoniac 
Powdered senega 
liquorice 

Mix, and divide into 



Wurtzburg Ph. 

five grains 
three grains 

five grains 
one drachm 
twelve powders. 



One, every three hours, in gonorrhoea. 

Foy. 

Bolus of Ammoniated Iron. 

R. Ammoniated iron five grains 

Aromatic powder twelve grains 

Mucilage sufficient 

Mix, and make bolus. One to be taken 

twice a-day, in chlorosis and scrofula. 

Ainslie. 
Pills op Ammoniated Iron. 
R. Ammoniated iron 

Calbanum, each, one drachm 

Assafetida two drachms 

Castor one scruple 

Tincture of valerian sufficient 

Beat into mass, and form pills of three 

grains. Two, morning and evening, in 

atonic nervous disorders. Radius. 

R. Ammoniated iron 
Aromatic powder 



201 

Extract of Peruvian bark 
Alum, each, half a drachm 

Oil of cinnamon twelve drops 

Beat into mass, and form pills of two 
grains. Five to ten, morning and even- 
ing, in asthenic menorrhagia. Formey. 

Mixture op Ammoniated Iron. 
R. Powdered galanga 

rhubarb, each, half a drachm 

Boiling water sufficient 

to obtain three ounces of strained solution, 
add 

Ammoniated iron six grains 

Peppermint sugar four grains 

Mix. A dessertspoonful, every three 
hours, in indigestion and chronic diar- 
rhoea of children. Wendt. 

Tincture op Ammoniated Iron. 
R. Ammoniated iron four ounces 

Proof spirit one pint 

Dissolve, and filter. Dose, forty to sixty 
drops. Lond. Ph. 



FERRI ARSENIAS. 

Arseniate of Iron. 
R. Solution of sulphate of iron at will 
Add gradually a solution of arseniate of 
potassa, collect, and wash the precipitate. 

Pills of Arseniate of Iron. 
R . Arseniate of iron three grains 

Extract of hops two drachms 

Powdered mallows half a drachm 

Syrup sufficient 

Beat together, and form forty-eight pills. 
One or two to be given, daily, in scrofu- 
lous, herpetic, and cancerous affections. 

Biett. 

Ointment of Arseniate of Iron. 

R. Arseniate of iron half a drachm 

Phosphate of iron two drachms 

Spermaceti cerate six drachms 

Triturate together. As an application to 

cancerous ulcers. To be used with great 

caution. Carmichael. 



FERRI BROMIDUM. 

Bromide of Lion. 
R. Bromine one part 

Distilled water twenty parts 

Iron filings sufficient 

Boil on a sand-bath; when the solution 
becomes greenish, filter, and evaporate to 
dryness. Magendic. 

Pills op Bromide of Iron. 
R . Bromide of iron twelve grains 



202 



FERRI CARBONAS. 



Conserve of roses eighteen grains 

Gum Arabic twelve grains 

Mix, and form twenty pills. Two, in the 
morning and evening, as a tonic and al- 
terative. Magendie. 
R. Bromide of iron one drachm 
Extract of liquorice sufficient 
Mix, and make sixty pills. One or two, 
in the morning and evening, in scrofula, 
&c. Radius. 

Ointment of Bromide of Iron. 

R . Bromide of iron one drachm 

Bromine twelve grains 

Lard one ounce 

Mix. In frictions on the inside of the 

thighs, in amenorrhoea. Cadet 



FERRI CARBONAS. 

Carbonate of Iron. 

From the avidity with which carbonate of 
iron absorbs oxygen from the air and loses its 
carbonic acid, it is a very unstable preparation, 
and therefore what is usually prescribed under 
this name is merely a subcarbonate, or sesqui- 
oxide ; by combination with saccharine matter ; 
it, however, is protected from the oxidizing pro- 
cess, to a very great extent. 

Saccharine Carbonate of Iron. 
R. Sulphate of iron four ounces 

* Carbonate of soda five ounces 

Pure sugar two ounces 

Water four pints 

Dissolve the sulphate and carbonate, each 
in half the water, add the solutions to- 
gether, collect the precipitate, divest it of 
as much water as possible, and immediately 
triturate it with the sugar. Dry it at a 
low temperature. Ed. Ph. 

Dose, from five to thirty grains. 

Pills of Carbonate of Iron. 
R. Sulphate of iron four ounces 

Carbonate of soda five ounces 

Clarified honey two ounces and a-half 

Syrup 

Boiling water, each, sufficient 

Dissolve the sulphate and carbonate, each 
in a pint of water, adding to each solution 
one fl. ounce of syrup ; mix the two solu- 
tions in a bottle just large enough to 
hold the mixture, close accurately with a 
stopper, and set by to let the carbonate of 
iron subside; decant, wash, precipitate with 
water sweetened with syrup, until the 
washings cease to be saline, express, in 
flannel, as much of the water as possible, 
and mix with the honey. Heat over a 



water-bath, to proper consistence. This is 
known as Vallet's carbonate of iron. Dose, 
from ten to thirty grains, in the course of 
the day, where iron is indicated. U. S. Ph. 

Subcarbonate of Lron. 
R. Sulphate of iron eight ounces 

Carbonate of soda nine ounces 

Boiling water one gallon 

Dissolve the sulphate and carbonate, each 
in four pints of the water, mix the solu- 
tions, stir, set by for powder to subside, 
decant, wash the precipitate with hot water, 
wrap in bibulous paper, and dry with gen- 
tle heat. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, five to thirty grains, or even more, seve- 
ral times a-day. 

Powder of Subcarbonate of Lron. 
R. Subcarbonate of iron one drachm 

Divide into six powders. One every six 
hours, in syrup. In chorea, neuralgia, 
&c. Ellis. 

Mixture of Subcarbonate of Iron. 

R. Powdered myrrh one drachm 

Sulphate of iron one scruple 

Carbonate of potassa one drachm 

Sugar two drachms 

Water six fl. ounces 

Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful, according to 

circumstances. Ellis. 

R. Myrrh one drachm 

Carbonate of potassa twenty-five grains 
Rose-water seven fl. ounces and a-half 
Powdered sulphate of iron one scruple 
Spirit of lavender half a fl. ounce 
White sugar one drachm 

Rub the myrrh with the rose water, gradu- 
ally added, mix with the spirit of lavender 
sugar and carbonate of potassa, and, lastly, 
the iron; pour into a well-stopped bottle, 
and keep closed. U. S. Ph. 

These are well known under the name of 
Griffith's antihectic mixture. Dose, one or two 
fl. ounces, two or three times a-day, in chlorosis, 
debility of the gastric organs, &c. 

R. Subcarbonate of iron 

Carbonate of potassa, each, four ounces 
Black hellebore two ounces 

Water sufficient 

Boil, after macerating for some days, stir- 
ring from time to time; then let settle, 
decant, and evaporate to consistence of an 
extract, and add to this 
Spirit of scurvy 

grass three times its weight 

And filter. Forty to sixty drops, in hypo- 
chondria, melancholia, &c. Palat. Ph. 



FERRI CARBURETUM. 



203 



Artificial Chalybeate Water. 

R. Water fifty pints 

Carbonate of lime five drachms 

magnesia ten drachms 

Black oxide of iron two drachms 

Sulphate of magnesia six drachms 

Common salt one drachm 

Mix, and condense a thousand cubic inches 

of carbonic acid in the solution. Swediaur. 

Compound Pills or Subcarbonate op 

Iron. 
R. Powdered foxglove half a drachm 
yew leaves 
Carbonate of iron, each, one drachm 
Ergot two drachms 

Syrup sufficient 

Mix, and make two hundred and fifty pills. 
Two to eight a-day, with an infusion of 
savine, in chlorosis and amenorrhcea. 

Newman. 

R. Powdered myrrh two drachms 

Carbonate of soda 

Sulphate of iron, each, one drachm 
Syrup sufficient 

Rub the myrrh with the carbonate of soda, 
then add the sulphate of iron, and rub 
well; beat with syrup into a mass, and 
divide into eighty pills. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, two to six pills, three times a-day. 

R. Sulphate of iron 
Bicarbonate of po- 

tassa, each, two drachms 

Powdered mallow root, thirty-six grains 
Gum Arabic eighteen grains 

Beat with water into a mass, and form 

forty-eight pills. 

R. Sulphate of iron 

Myrrh, each, two scruples 

Carbonate of potassa 

Soap, each, half a drachm 

Beat together, and form forty pills. Dose, 
two, three times a-day, as an emmena- 
gogue. Ellis. 

R. Subcarbonate of iron 

Extract of conium, each, one drachm 
Mix, and divide into twenty-four pills. 
Two to be taken twice a-day. Given in 
fluor albus and scrofula. A. T. Thomson. 

Iron Wine. 
R . Carbonate of iron one ounce and a-half 
Contused orange peel 

gentian, each, half an ounce 

Port wine two pints 

Mix, and digest at moderate heat for three 

days, repeatedly agitating. Chapman. 



Iron Plaster. 
R. Subcarbonate of iron three ounces 
Lead plaster two pounds 

Burgundy pitch half a pound 

Add the subcarbonate to the other in- 
gredients previously melted together, and 
stir till cold. U. S. Ph. 

As a strengthening plaster, in pains, and want 
of power in the muscles. 



FERRI CARBURETUM. 

Carburet op Iron. 

This article, well known as Plumbago, or 
Black Lead, has been highly recommended, of 
late years, in cutaneous affections, and is recog- 
nized as officinal by many of the pharmacopoeias 
of continental Europe. 

Prepared Carburet op Iron. 
R. Pulverized carburet of iron one pound 
Boil in water for an hour, decant, and di- 
gest in eight ounces of water, mixed with 
two ounces of nitric and muriatic acids ; 
digest for twenty-four hours, decant, and 
wash well with water, and dry. Dose, 
from five to fifteen grains, two or three 
times a-day. Pruss. Ph. 

Powder op Carburet op Iron. 
R . Powdered carburet of iron 

Sugar, each, half a drachm 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One 
to be taken every hour, in lepra and 
lichen. Radius. 

Pills op Carburet op Iron. 
R. Powdered carburet of iron 

Extract of bittersweet, each, one drachm 
Calomel twelve grains 

G-olden sulphuret of 

antimony six grains 

Extract of liquorice sufficient 

Mix, and form sixty pills. Dose, five, 

three times a-day. Niemann. 

Electuary op Carburet op Iron. 
R. Powdered carburet of iron 
Flowers of sulphur 
Crude antimony, each, half an ounce 
Black oxide of mercury one scruple 
Wild violet 
Extract of pulsatilla 

bittersweet, each, 

two drachms 
Camphor one drachm 

Syrup of orange peel sufficient 

Mix. To be used in eight days, in tea- 
spoonful doses. Phoebus. 



204 

Mixture or Carburet op Iron. 
R. Powdered carburet of iron 

Flowers in sulphur, each, one drachm 
Triturate together, and add 

Barley water one pint 

To be taken in four doses. In psora, &c. 
Br era. 
Ointment op Carburet of Iron. 
R. Powdered carburet 

of iron, half an ounce 

Flowers of zinc one drachm 

Lard one ounce 

Triturate together. As an application in 
herpetic affections. Brera. 

R. Powdered carburet of iron, one ounce 

Flowers of sulphur four scruples 

Rose ointment six ounces 

Mix. Taddei. 

Plaster op Carburet of Iron. 
R. Powdered carburet of iron one part 

Soap plaster four parts 

Triturate together. Giordano. 



FERRI CHLORIDUM. 



FERRI CHLORIDUM. 

Chloride of Iron. 
R. Subcarbonate of iron at will 

Muriatic acid sufficient 

to dissolve the carbonate, evaporate to dry- 
ness, by a water-bath. Cottereau. 
R. Peroxide of iron five ounces 

Muriatic acid nineteen fl. ounces 

Boil for ten minutes, then evaporate to 
fifteen ounces, filter. Place under a bell- 
glass, with a vessel containing caustic po- 
tassa ; in a few days mammillary granules 
will form ; separate these, and preserve in 
a glass-stoppered bottle. Beral. 

Chloride of Iron and Acetate of 
Lead. 
R. Liquid chloride of iron four ounces 
Evaporate to one-half, and add 

Acetate of lead four ounces 

Dry, and pulverize. Four to twelve grains 
in hemorrhages. Cadet de Gassicourt. 

Tincture of Chloride of Iron. 

R. Subcarbonate of iron half a pound 

Muriatic acid one pint 

Alcohol three pints 

Pour the acid on the subcarbonate; digest 

for three days, shaking occasionally, set by 

to settle, decant, and add the alcohol to 

the clear solution. U. S. Ph. 

An active and energetic preparation; tonic, 

diuretic, styptic, &c. Dose, ten to thirty drops, 

gradually increased, two or three times a-day. 



Syrup of Chloride of Iron. 
R. Chloride of iron one part 

Syrup twenty-three parts 

Dissolve. Dose, one to four drachms. 

Beral. 

Chloride of Iron Mixture. 
R. Saffron half a drachm 

Water four fl. ounces 

Infuse for an hour, strain, and add 

Chloride of iron half a drachm 

Syrup of valerian two ounces 

! Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful several times 
! a-day, in hemorrhages or chlorosis. 

Cadet de Gassicourt. 

R. Mallow root two drachms 

Water sufficient 

to obtain two ounces of decoction, strain, 

and add 

Gum Arabic two drachms 

Chloride of iron half a scruple 

Syrup of mallows six drachms 

Mix . Two teaspoonfuls, every hour or two, 

in softening of the stomach. Radius. 

R. Tincture of chloride of iron 

Compound tincture of 

aloes, each, half a fl. ounce 

Tincture of castor two fl. drachms 
Mix. Ten to thirty drops, three times 
a-day, in infusion of chamomile, as an 
emmenagogue. Ellis. 

Ethereal, or Bestercheffe's Tinc- 
ture of Chloride of Iron. 
R. Chloride of iron one part 

Sulphuric ether four parts 

Mix, and add 

Alcohol eight parts 

Van Mons. 

R. Tincture of chloride of iron 

Sulphuric ether equal parts 

Guibourt. 



R. Chloride of iron 
Hoffmann's anodyne 



one part 

seven parts 

Beral. 



These are active preparations. Dose, twenty 
to thirty drops. 

Tincture of Chloride of Lion. 

R. Muriatic acid two ounces (troy) 

Protocarbonate of iron q. s. to saturate 

Honey two ounces and a-half 

Alcohol sufficient 

Saturate the acid with the carbonate, add 

the honey and sufficient alcohol to make 

nineteen fl. ounces; after standing six hours, 

filter. W. Procter. 



FERRI CITRAS— FERRI FERROCYANURETUM. 



205 



FERRI CITRAS. 

Citrate op Iron. 
R. Crystals of citric acid three parts 

Hydrated oxide of iron (dry) two parts 
Distilled water at 180° twelve parts 
Dissolve, filter, and evaporate to consist- 
ence of syrup, spread in thin layers, and 
dry. Duhamel. 

Liquid Citrate of Iron. 
R. Citrate of iron four ounces 

Water twelve fl. ounces 

Dissolve, with the aid of heat, and evapor- 
ate until the solution measures half a pint. 
W. Procter. 

Syrup op Citrate of Iron. 
R. Liquid citrate of iron one ounce 

Syrup fifteen ounces 

Spirit of citron two drachms 

Mix. Dose, two drachms to an ounce. 

Beral. 

Wine of Citrate of Iron. 
R . Liquid citrate of iron eight scruples 
Rhine wine sixteen ounces 

Digest for two or three days, and filter. 

Beral. 

Aromatic Wine of Citrate of Iron. 

R . Iron filings one ounce 

Lemon juice three fl. ounces 

Contused gentian half an ounce 

cinnamon two drachms 

Rhine wine sixteen ounces 

Digest for twenty-four hours, and decant. 

The dose is a drachm to a fl. ounce, two or 

three times a-day. Hamburgh Cod. 

R . Iron filings four ounces 

Bitter oranges four 

Beat them together, and at the end of two 

days, add to the mixture 

Madeira wine ten fl. ounces 

Spirit of orange peel two fl. ounces 

Digest, and then express and filter. Dose, 

half a drachm to two drachms. 

Batav. Ph. 
Said to be one of the best compounds of iron. 

Tincture of Citrate of Iron. 

R. Liquid citrate of iron two ounces 

Diluted alcohol thirteen fl. ounces 
Spirit of citron one fl. ounce 

Mix. Dose, ten to fifty drops. Beral. 

Syrup of Citrate of Iron. 

\i. Moist protocarbonate of iron, 
(prepared as directed for 
Vallet's mass, and washed 
with sweetened water) at will 

Dissolve in a slight excess of citric acid, 



dissolved in water, and evaporate to dry- 
ness to make the syrup. 
R. Citrate of iron one ounce 

Syrup five fl. ounces 

Dissolve. Dose, thirty drops to a tea- 
spoonful. E. Parrish. 

Ammonio Citrate of Iron. 
R. Liquid citrate of iron one ounce 

Water of ammonia sufficient 

to saturate the excess of acid. More solu- 
ble than the citrate. Beral. 

Citrate of Iron and Quinia. 

R Liquid citrate of iron four parts 

Solution of citrate of quinia one part 

Mix, and evaporate. As a tonic, in doses 

of five grains, three times a-day. Beral. 



FERRI FERROCYANU- 
RETUM. 

Prussian Blue. 
R. Sulphate of iron four ounces 

Sulphuric acid 

three fl. drachms and a-half 

Nitric acid six fl. drachms 

Ferrocyanuret of 

potassium four ounces and a-half 

Water two pints 

Dissolve the sulphate in a pint of the wa- 
ter, add the sulphuric acid, and boil. 
Add the nitric acid in small portions, boil- 
ing for a few moments after each addition, 
till a dark color is no longer produced, 
and allow to cool. Dissolve the ferrocy- 
anuret in the rest of the water, and add 
the solution by degrees, to the first liquid, 
stirring each time. Filter, wash the pre- 
cipitate with boiling water, until the wash- 
ings are tasteless. Dry, and powder. 

U. S. Ph. 

Tonic, febrifuge, and alterative. Dose, three 
to five grains, several times a-day, gradually in- 
creased till some effect is produced. 

Powder of Prussian Blue. 
R. Prussian blue twelve grains 

Sugar one drachm 

Mix, and divide into twelve powders. 
One, every two hours. In epilepsy. 

Radius, 

Compound Powder of Prussian Blue. 
R. Prussian blue twelve grains 

White pepper 

Mustard, each, half an ounce 

Mix, and divide into twelve powders. 
One, every quarter of an hour, in the 
apyrexia of intermittents. Foy. 



206 



FERRI GALLAS— FERRI IODIDUM. 



R. Prussian blue 
Powdered guaia- 

cum, each, half to one drachm 

Mix, and divide into twelve powders. 
One, three times a-day, in intermittents. 

Em. 

Pills of Prussian Blue. 
R. Prussian blue 

eighteen to thirty-six grains 
Gum ammoniac 
Extract of dandelion 
Rhubarb, each, one drachm 

Mix. Four to six, twice a-day. In dis- 
ease of the ganglionic system. Radius. 

Mixture of Prussian Blue. 

R. Prussian blue one ounce 

Parsley water six ounces 

Cherry laurel water two drachms 

Mix. A spoonful, three times a-day. In 

stone and gravel. Radius. 

Ointment of Prussian Blue. 
R. Codliver oil one ounce 

Prussian blue twenty-four grains 

Cyanide of mercury eight grains 

Oil of cherry laurel four drops 

Mix. As an application in strumous oph- 
thalmia. Canon de Villards. 

Blue Ink. 
R. Pure Prussian blue six parts 

Oxalic acid one part 

Triturate with a little water, to a perfectly 
smooth paste, then dilute with water, to a 
proper consistence. A little gum may be 
added to prevent the fluid from spreading. 

Moiir. 



FERRI GALLAS. 

Gallate of Iron. 

This is not used in medicine, but, with the 
tannate of iron, forms the basis of writing ink. 

Writing Ink. 
R. Aleppo galls, bruised, twelve pounds 

Water six gallons 

Boil in a copper vessel for an hour, add- 
ing water, to supply loss by evaporation, 
strain • boil residue with four gallons of 
water, for half an hour, and again boil 
with two gallons of water ; mix decoctions, 
and add 

Sulphate of iron four pounds 

Contused gum 

Arabic three pounds and a-half 

Agitate, permit to settle, strain through 
fine hair sieve, and keep in close vessels. 
Lewis. 



R. Powdered galls 
Rasped logwood 
Gum Arabic 
Sulphate of iron 

copper 
Sugar candy, each, 
Gum ammoniac 
Water 
Alcohol 

Macerate for forty-eight 

tie heat, let rest for ten 

into bottles. 



eight pounds 
four pounds 

three pounds 
four pounds 

one pound 
two ounces 
sixteen pints 
half a pint 
hours, with a gen- 
days, and decant 
Sunt. 

R. Powdered galls fifty parts 

Water eight hundred parts 

Digest for twenty-four hours, strain, and 

add 

Sulphate of iron 

Gum Arabic, each, twenty-five parts 

When clear, add a solution of 

Muriate of ammonia eight parts 

Gum Arabic two parts 

Boiling water sixteen parts 

Oil of lavender one part 

Said to be indelible. Guibourt. 

R. Bruised galls forty ounces 

Gum Arabic ten ounces 

Sulphate of iron nine ounces 

Soft water forty-five fl. ounces 

Macerate for three weeks, often stirring. 

A very permanent ink. 

English Exchequer. 



FERRI IODIDUM. 

Iodide of Iron. 

R. Iodine two ounces 

Iron filings one ounce 

Distilled water one pint and a-half 

Mix the iodine with a pint of the water, 

in a glass vessel, gradually add the iron 

filings, constantly stirring. Heat till li- 

! quid becomes of a light greenish color, 

filter and wash residuum with remainder 

of water, boiling hot. Evaporate liquid 

to dryness, in an iron vessel, at a heat not 

above 212°. Keep in well-closed bottle. 

U. S. Ph. 

Tonic, alterative, diuretic, and emmenagogue. 
Dose, three grains, gradually increased to eight, 
or more. 

Lozenges of Iodide of Iron. 
R. Iodide of iron thirty grains 

Saffron half a drachm 

Mucilage of tragacanth 

Infusion of cinnamon, each, sufficient 
Mix, and make two hundred and forty 
lozenges. Fifteen to twenty a-day, gra- 



FERRI IODIDUM. 



207 



dually augmenting; in amenorrhea and 
leucorrhoea. Pierquin. 

Pills of Iodide op Iron. 
R. Iodide of iron one drachm 

Bromide of sodium half a drachm 
Extract of liquorice sufficient 

Mix, and form pills of two grains. One 
to three, morning and evening, in scrofula, 
&c. Wernick. 

Pills or Proto-Iodide op Iron. 
R. Crystallized sulphate 

of iron 24.7 grains 

Iodide of potassium 32.4 grains 

Gum tragaeanth 4.6 grains 

Sugar 15.4 grains 

Syrup of marsh mallows 
Powder of marsh mallows, 

each, sufficient 

Mix, and make thirty-six pills. Reduce 
the sulphate to a fine powder, then the 
iodide of potassium ; triturate the mixture, 
then add the gum, sugar, and syrup, and, 
if necessary, the powder of marshmallow. 
Each contains .8 of a grain of dry iodide, 
or 1.09 of the hydrated iodide of iron. 
Keep in closed bottles, in a dry place. 
Callond. 

Solution op Iodide of Iron. 
R. Iodide of iron one drachm 

Distilled water one fl. ounce 

Mix. Six, to ten drops, three times a- 
day, in some cold water. Ellis 

R. Iodide of iron twenty -four grains 

Distilled water one fl. ounce 

Dissolve. A teaspoonful is a dose; this 
contains three grains. Ellis. 

Officinal Solution of Iodide of Iron. 

R. Iodine two ounces 

Iron filings one ounce 

Clarified honey five fl. ounces 

Distilled water sufficient 

Mix the iodine with ten fl. ounces of 

the water, in a porcelain or glass vessel, 

gradually add the iron filings, constantly 

stirring. Heat gently till the mixture 

becomes of a light greenish color, add 

honey, continue heat for a short time, and 

filter. Wash the residuum on filter, and 

allow to pass till the whole of the filtered 

liquid amounts to twenty fl. ounces. 

U. S. Ph. 

Dose, from thirty to seventy-five drops. 

Syrup of Iodide of Dion. 
R. Dry iodine two hundred grains 

Pine iron wire, well 

cleaned, one hundred grains 



White sugar, in 

powder, four ounces and a-half 

Distilled water six fl. ounces 

Boil the iodine, iron, and water, together, 
in a glass matrass ; at first gently, to avoid 
the expulsion of iodine vapor, afterwards 
briskly, till about two fl. ounces remain. 
Filter this quickly, while hot, into a ma- 
trass containing the sugar, dissolve with a 
gentle heat, and add distilled water to 
make up six fl. ounces. Twelve minims 
contain one grain of iodide of iron. 

Ed. Ph. 

Syrup op Proto-Iodide op Iron. 

R . Sulphate of iron one drachm and a-half 

Iodide of potassium two drachms 

Water half an ounce 

Syrup one ounce and a-half 

Rub the salts together, dissolve them in 

the water, add the syrup, and bottle at 

once. W. Procter. 

Wine of Iodide of Iron. 
R. Sulphate of iron eight parts 

Iodide of potas- 
sium, ten and a-half parts 
White wine 

three hundred and twenty parts 
Pulverize the two salts, adding a few 
drops of wine, triturate for a few moments, 
add the rest of the wine, and filter. To 
be kept in glass-stopped bottles. Thirty- 
two parts contain one of the iodide. 

Callond. 

R. Iodide of iron half an ounce 

Claret wine one pint 

Dissolve. A dessertspoonful, morning and 

evening. Soubeiran. 

Tincture op Iodide of Iron. 
R . Iodide of iron one drachm 

Alcohol 

Distilled water, each, one fl. ounce 
Mix. Thirty drops to a fl. drachm, twice 
a-day. Foy. 

Tincture of Proto-Iodide of Iron. 
R. Sulphate of iron eight parts 

Iodide of potas- 
sium ten and a-half parts 
Alcohol (.842) 

one hundred and sixty parts 
Triturate the salts, separately, and then 
together; add alcohol, and filter. To be 
kept in glass-stopped bottles. Sixteen 
parts contain one of iodide of iron. 

Callond. 
Mixture of Iodide op Iron. 
R. Iodide of iron sixteen grains 



208 



FERRI LACTAS— FERRI MALAS. 



Compound tincture 

of gentian one fl. ounce 

Distilled water seven fl ounces 

Mix. Two tablespoonfuls, two or three 
times a-day. Ashicell. 

Injection op Iodide of Iron. 

R. Iodide of iron half an ounce 

Distilled water one pint 

Dissolve. As an injection, or lotion, in 

amenorrhoea, leucorrhoea, &c. Soubeiran. 

R . Iodide of iron three grains 

Distilled water six fl. ounces 

Dissolve. In gonorrhoea, strength to be 

increased if required. Ricord. 

Syrup op Iodide and Chloride op 
Dion. 
R. Iodine three hundred and 

eighty-four grains 
Muriatic acid 

(1.16) four ounces and a-half 

Powdered sugar twelve ounces 

Iron filings 

Distilled water, each, sufficient 

Mix the acid with an ounce and a-half of 
clear iron filings; allow to stand; agitate 
occasionally, when neutralized, filter. Mix 
the iodine with three ounces of water in a 
flask, add half the weight of iron filings, 
agitate till all the iodine is combined, and 
filter. Mix the solutions, add the sugar, 
and as much water as will make a pint. 

W. Procter. 

Syrup of Iodide and Chloride of Dion 
Mixture. 

R. Syrup of iodide and 

chloride of iron two drachms 

Syrup of orange peel four drachms 

Infusion of cascarilla four fl. ounces 

Mix. One-fourth to be taken twice a-day. 

Battley. 

Bath of Iodide of Iron. 
R. Iodide of iron two ounces 

Water two hundred pints 

In leucorrhoea, amenorrhoea, chlorosis, &c. 
The quantity of iodide may be increased 
gradually to double, for adults. Pierquin. 

Ointment of Iodide of Iron. 
R. Iodide of iron one drachm and a-half 
Lard one ounce 

Triturate together. A piece as large as a 
hazelnut to be rubbed on the inside of the 
thigh, morning and evening, in leucorrhoea, 
and amenorrhoea, also beneficial in glandu- 
lar swellings. Pierquin. 



FERRI LACTAS. 

Lactate of Dion. 
R . Lactate of lime one hundred parts 
Boiling water five hundred parts 

Dissolve. 

Pure sulphate of iron sixty-eight parts 
Distilled water five hundred parts 
Dissolve 

Mix the two solutions; filter, add an ex- 
cess of lactic acid, heat in a water-bath, 
stirring constantly; filter, to separate the 
sulphate of lime, evaporate rapidly either 
in an iron vessel or porcelain one, with the 
addition of some iron filings; filter, and 
crystallize, wash the crystals with alcohol, 
and dry. Lepage. 

Used in same cases as other preparations of 
iron. Dose, one or two grains, frequently re- 



Lozenges op Lactate op Iron. 

R. Lactate of iron one drachm 

Sugar one ounce and a-half 

Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient 

Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains. 

Cap. 
Pills op Lactate of Iron. 

R. Lactate of iron 

Powdered mallows equal parts 

Clarified honey sufficient 

Make pills of ten grains each. Cap. 

Syrup of Lactate of Iron. 
R. Lactate of iron one drachm 

White sugar twelve ounces and a-half 

Boiling distilled 

water six fl. ounces and a-half 

Triturate the lactate with half an ounce of 
the sugar, dissolve quickly in the boiling- 
water, pour the solution into a matrass, 
place on a sand-bath, add the rest of the 
sugar gradually; when dissolved, filter, 
and when cold, pour in well-stopped bot- 



Dose, from two to four fl. drachms. 



Cap. 



FERRI MALAS. 

Malate of Iron. 
R. Black oxide of iron at will 

Juice of sour apples sufficient 

Heat the juice to the boiling point, add the 
oxide, as long as any is dissolved, cool, 
filter, and evaporate to dryness. Dose, 
eight grains to a scruple. Van Mons. 

Solution of Malate of Dion. 
R. Malate of iron one ounce 



FERRI NITRAS-FERRI OXIDUM NIGRUM. 



Water twelve fl. ounces 

Dissolve, and filter. As an astringent, in 
doses of a fl. drachm. Spielmann. 

Tincture of Malate of Iron. 
R. Malate of iron one part 

Cinnamon water 

Alcohol, each, three parts 

Macerate for three days, and filter. Dose, 
forty to sixty drops. Austrian Ph. 

Mixture of Malate of Iron. 
R. Extract of Peruvian bark 

gentian, each, one drachm 
Peppermint water 

Chamomile water, each, one fl. ounce 

Malate of iron half a drachm 

To be taken in divided doses, in dyspepsia, 

&c. Augustin. 

Bitter Infusion of Iron. 
R.Iron filings three ounces 

Bruised ginger 

gentian, each, one ounce 

orange peel half an ounce 
Infuse in a pint of strong old cider for a 
month, frequently agitating, and filter. 

Dose, half a drachm to one drachm, thrice 
daily, as a tonic. 



FERRI NITRAS. 

Nitrate of Iron. 
R. Red oxide of iron four drachms 

Nitric acid six fl. drachms 

Dissolve, and add 

Water one fl. ounce 

Filter. Dose, six to twelve drops, in a 
convenient vehicle. In dyspepsia, and cal- 
culous complaints. Swediaur. 

Solution of Persesquinitrate of 
Iron. 
R. Iron wire (cut 

small) one ounce and a-half 

Nitric acid three fl. ounces 

Water fifteen fl. ounces 

Dissolve, decant, and filter, add 

Muriatic acid one fl. drachm 

Diluted with sufficient water to make the 
whole twenty fl. ounces. Dose, ten drops 
several times a-day, gradually increasing. 
Has been of great benefit in chronic diar- 
rhoea, &c. Kerr. 



FERRI OXIDUM HYDRATUM. 

Hydra ted Oxide of Dion. 
R. Sulphate of iron four ounces 

Sulphuric acid three fl. drachms 

and a-half 
14 



209 

Nitric acid six fl. drachms 

Solution of ammonia sufficient 

Water two pints 

Dissolve the sulphate in the water, gradu- 
ally add the sulphuric acid, boil, add nitric 
acid very gradually, boiling after each ad- 
dition, till no dark color is produced. Fil- 
ter, allow to cool, add solution of ammonia, 
stirring well. Wash precipitate with water, 
as long as washings give a precipitate with 
chloride of barium. Keep in close bottles, 
under water. U. S. Ph. 

Used, in large doses, as an antidote to arsenic. 



FERRI OXIDUM NIGRUM. 

Black Oxide of Iron. 
R. Sulphate of iron six ounces 

Sulphuric acid 

two fl. drachms, twofl. scruples 

Pure nitric 

acid four fl. drachms and a-half 

Stronger water of am- 
monia four fl. ounces and a-half 

Boiling water three pints 

Dissolve half the sulphate in half the 
water, add the sulphuric acid, and boil; 
add the nitric acid, gradually, boiling 
briskly after each addition. Dissolve the 
rest of the sulphate in the remainder of the 
water, mix the two solutions, and imme- 
diately add the ammonia, stirring briskly. 
Collect the precipitate on a muslin filter, 
wash in water till the washings scarcely 
give a precipitate with nitrate of baryta; 
dry, at a low temperature. Ed. Ph. 

R. Wash blacksmiths' scales with water, 
dry, separate metallic iron by means of 
magnet, reduce to powder, and proceed as 
for prepared chalk. Dub. Ph. 

R. Iron filings, any quantity; place in an 
earthenware pan, wet thoroughly with 
water; in an hour, heap up on an iron 
plate; twelve hours afterwards, moisten 
with hot water, and repeat this in twelve 
hours, and, a day afterwards, triturate 
with cold water, decant the turbid* water, 
let it settle, collect the deposit on a filter, 
and when perfectly drained dry by a mild 
heat. Par. Cod. 

These do not give identical products, but they 
are sufficiently alike to be used for the same 
purposes. 

Powder of Black Oxide of Iron. 
R . Black oxide of iron three parts 

Aromatic powder six parts 

Sugar eight parts 



210 



FERRI OXIDUM RUBRUM-FERRI SULPHAS. 



Mix. Dose, thirty to forty grains, twice 
a-day, in leucorrhoea and rachitis. 

Sicediaur. 
R. Black oxide of iron 

Columbo, each, one drachm 

Rind of bitter orange half an ounce 

Cinnamon one scruple 

Mix, and divide into nine powders. Three 

to be given a-day, in chlorosis and amen- 

orrhoea. Brera. 

Pills of Black Oxide of Iron. 
R. Black oxide of iron eight grains 

Powdered saffron 

valerian, each, sixteen grains 

Syrup of wormwood sufficient 

Mix, and form eight pills; four to eight 
a-day, in amenorrhcea. Foy. 

R. Black oxide of iron 

Powdered winter's 

bark, each, one drachm 

Extract of ox bile 

centaury, each, three drachms 
Mix, and form pills of four grains. Four 
to six a-day, in engorgements of the ab- 
dominal viscera. Pierquin. 

Electuary of Black Oxide of Iron. 
R. Black oxide of iron half an ounce 

Carbonate of potassa two scruples 

Prepared chalk 

Ginger, each, two drachms 

Syrup of orange-peel sufficient 

Mix well. Dose, half a drachm, two or 
three times a-day, in chlorosis and leucor- 
rhoea. Swediaur. 
R. Black oxide of iron 

Soap, each, one drachm 

Extract of hemlock twelve grains 
squill one scruple 

Oxymel sufficient 

Mix well. Dose, half a drachm to a 
drachm, in dropsy, with engorgement of 
the abdominal viscera. Brera. 



FERRI OXIDUM RUBRUM. 

Red Oxide of Dion. 
R. Sulphate of iron, any quantity; heat 
till water of crystallization is expelled, 
then roast by a powerful heat, till all acid 
is driven off, wash, till all traces of acid 
disappear, dry. Dub. Ph. 

Astringent and tonic, and has been advised in 
neuralgia, &c, in doses of five to fifteen grains, 
but is inferior to the subcarbonate. 

Pills of Red Oxide of Dion. 
R. Red oxide of iron 



Powder of pot marygold 

Extract of pot marygold, each, one 

drachm 

Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient 

Mix, and form ninety pills. Highly 

spoken of in cancerous affections; five to 

eight to be taken, three times a-day. 

Rust. 

Red Oxide of Dion Plaster. 
R. Litharge plaster two pounds 

Frankincense half a pound 

Red oxide of iron three ounces 

Melt the plaster and frankincense together, 
add the oxide, and stir well. Dub. Ph. 
As a strengthening plaster, in muscular relax- 
ation and weakness. 

R. Lead plaster twenty-four parts 

Resin six parts 

Olive oil 

Yellow wax, each, three parts 

Red oxide of iron eight parts 

Triturate the oxide with the oil, and add 
to a mixture of the other substances, melt- 
ed together. Guibourt. 



FERRI PHOSPHAS. 

Phosphate of Dion. 
R. Sulphate of iron five ounces 

Phosphate of soda six ounces 

Water one gallon 

Dissolve the sulphate and phosphate, each, 
in four pints of the water, mix the solu- 
tions, and let settle; decant, wash the 
precipitate with hot water, and dry with a 
gentle heat. U. S. Ph. 

Used with advantage in amenorrhcea, and 
certain cases of dyspepsia. Dose, five to ten 
grains. 



FERRI SULPHAS. 

Sulphate of Dion. 
R. Iron wire, in small 

pieces, twelve ounces 

Sulphuric acid eighteen ounces 

Water one gallon 

Mix the acid and water, and add the iron ; 
heat till effervescence ceases. Pour off 
the solution, add half a drachm of sul- 
phuric acid, filter, the end of the funnel 
touching the bottom of the receiving ves- 
sel. Evaporate in a matrass, set aside to 
crystallize in a covered vessel, drain crys- 
tals in a funnel, dry, and keep in well- 
closed bottles. U. S. Ph. 
Astringent and tonic. Dose, from one to five 
grains. 



FERRI SULPHAS. 



211 



Dried Sulphate of Iron. 
R. Sulphate of iron at will 

Heat over a moderate fire, in a porcelain 
vessel, till converted into grayish white 
mass, cool, and powder. Ed. Ph. 

Three grains are equal to five of the undried. 

Powder op Sulphate of Iron. 
R. Powdered sulphate of iron four grains 
ginger ten to sixteen grains 
Mix. To be taken twice a-day, in ame- 
norrhoea, chlorosis, &c. Saunders. 

R. Powdered sulphate of 

iron half an ounce 

tansy three ounces 

Mix. Dose, a drachm. As a vermifuge. 

Dan. Ph. 

Pills of Sulphate of Iron. 
R. Dried sulphate of iron two parts 

Extract of dandelion five parts 

Conserve of red roses two parts 

Powdered liquorice root three parts 
Beat together, and form into five-grain 
pills. Ed. Ph. 

R. Sulphate of iron two drachms 

Extract of wormwood half an ounce 
Syrup of saffron sufficient 

Beat into mass, and divide into one hun- 
dred and fifty pills. Four to five, three 
times a-day. In chlorosis, leucorrhoea, 
&c. Werthof. 

R. Sulphate of iron 
Kino 
Gentian 
Extract of gen- 
tian, each, one drachm and a-half 
Turpentine three drachms 

Powdered mallow root sufficient 

Beat into mass, and make two hundred 
and seventy pills. Ten, four times a-day, 
in secondary gonorrhoea. Watch. 

Bland's Anti-Chlorotic Pills. 
R . Sulphate of iron, in fine 

powder one ounce 

Carbonate of potassa, in 

dry powder one ounce 

Mucilage of tragacanth 

Powdered liquorice root, each, sufficient 
To make ninety-nine pills. Triturate 
well, and divide into pills. To be taken, 
one in the morning and evening, for the 
first three days, a third pill at noon for 
the next three days, and so increased to 
nine a-day. Bland. 

Pills op Iron and Rhubarb. 
R. Dried sulphate of iron four parts 

Extract of rhubarb ten parts 



Conserve of red roses five parts 

Beat into mass, and form five-grain pills. 
Ed. Ph. 
Tonic and laxative. In dose of two or three. 

Compound Sulphate of Iron Pills. 
R. Sulphate of iron one scruple 

Powdered senna 
jalap 

cremor tar- 
tar, each, half a scruple 
ginger twelve grains 

Syrup sufficient 

Form mass, and divide into twenty-five 
pills. Ellis. 

These are known as Hooper's pills, as are also 
the following : — 

R. Barbadoes aloes eight ounces 

Sulphate of iron four ounces 

Extract of hellebore 

Myrrh 

Soap, each, two ounces 

Powdered cinnamon 

ginger, each, one ounce 

Water sufficient 

Beat into mass, and divide into two and 
a-half grain pills. Phil. Coll. Pharm. 
As laxative and emmenagogue. 

R. Dried sulphate of iron one scruple 
Powdered aloes two scruples 

cloves five grains 

Venice turpentine sufficient 

Form mass, and divide into twenty pills. 
One, three times a-day, as an emmena- 
gogue. Ellis. 

Solution of Sulphate of Iron. 
R. Sulphate of iron 

Alum, each, six ounces 

Water forty-eight ounces 

Dissolve, filter, and add 

Sulphuric acid four ounces 

In hemorrhages, in doses of ten or twelve 
drops in water. JSpielmann. 

Sulphate of Iron Injection. 
R . Sulphate of iron half to one drachm 
Sage water four ounces 

Mucilage gum Arabic half a drachm 
Mix. As an injection, in nasal and uter- 
ine hemorrhages. Berends. 

Compound Iron Mixture. 
R. Myrrh one drachm and a-half 

Oil of partridge berry six drops 

nutmeg two drops 

Carbonate of potassa two scruples 
White sugar one ounce 

Sulphate of iron half a drachm 

Distilled water seven fl. ounces 



212 



FERRI SULPHURETUM— FERRI ET POTASSiE TARTRAS. 



Rub down the myrrh and the oils with some 

of the water added very gradually, then add 

the carbonate of potassa and sugar, and 

lastly the sulphate of iron, dissolved in the 

rest of the water, and immediately bottle. 

Bond. 

Mixture op Sulphate of Iron. 

R. Sulphate of iron two grains 

Sulphuric acid four to six drops 

White sugar one drachm 

Water four fl. ounces 

Mix. A teaspoonful, with water, every 

two to four hours, as a tonic. Ellis. 

R. Sulphate of iron four grains 

Elixir of vitriol twenty drops 

Distilled water one fl. ounce 

Mix. A teaspoonful, in a wineglass of 

water, three times a-day. Ellis. 

R. Powdered myrrh one drachm 

gum Arabic two drachms 

Syrup one fl. ounce 

Infusion of chamomile six fl. ounces 

Mix well, and add 

Powdered sulphate of iron fifteen grains 

Cinnamon water one fl. ounce 

Mix. Two spoonfuls, every three hours, 

.as an eminenagogue. Frank. 

Syrup op Sulphate op Iron. 
R. Sulphate of iron two drachms 

Water one fl. ounce 

Dissolve, filter, and add 
Syrup of gum 

Arabic seventeen fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful, twice a-day, in 
chlorosis, leucorrhoea, &c. Soubeiran. 



FERRI SULPHURETUM. 

SULPHURET OF IRON. 

Heat an iron rod to a white heat, apply to it 
a roll of sulphur, receiving the sulphuret of 
iron in water ; separate it from the sul- 
phur, dry, and keep in a well -stopped 
bottle. ' Dub. Ph. 

Used to make hydrosulphirric acid, by the ad- 
dition of diluted sulphuric acid. 



FERRI ET POTASS^ 
TARTRAS. 
Tartrate of Iron and Potassa. 
R. Subcarbonate of iron three ounces 
Muriatic acid ten fl. ounces 

Solution of potassa five pints and a-half 
Bitartrate of 

potassa seven ounces and a-half 



Distilled water one gallon and a-half 
Mix the subcarbonate with the acid, digest 
for two hours, pour into a gallon of the 
water, let rest for an hour, decant, add 
solution of potassa, wash precipitate, and 
whilst moist, mix with the bitartrate and 
half a gallon of the water, keep at a tem- 
perature of 140° for thirty hours, often 
stirring; filter, and evaporate on a water- 
bath, at same temperature, to dryness. 

U. S. Ph. 

Dose, from ten grains to half a drachm, in 
solution, or with an aromatic or bitter, in bolus. 

Powder of Tartrate of Iron and 
Columbo. 
R. Tartrate of iron and 

potassa two scruples 

Powdered columbo half a drachm 

Mix, and divide into four powders. One, 

every three or four hours, in syrup. As 

a tonic. Ellis. 

Effervescent Powder of Tartrate of 

Dion. 

R . Subcarbonate of magnesia two drachms 

Carbonate of potassa half an ounce 

Tartrate of iron two scruples 

Two or three teaspoonfuls in water, during 

the day; to be taken whilst effervescing. 

Radius. 

Solution of Tartrate of Dion and 
Potassa. 
R. Tartrate of iron and potassa one ounce 
Cinnamon water one pint 

Dissolve; as a lotion or fomentation for 
bruises. Internally in leucorrhoea, chloro- 
sis, &c. Swediaur. 

Compound Wine of Tartrate of Dion. 
R. Subcarbonate of 

iron one ounce and a-half 

Powdered gentian 

orange peel, each, 

half an ounce 
Red wine two pints 

Macerate for three days, and give a wine- 
glassful two or three times a-day. In 
dyspepsia, &c. Ellis. 

R. Subcarbonate of iron two ounces 

Powdered cinnamon one ounce 

Rhine wine two pints 

Macerate for some days, and filter. 

Van Mons. 

Wine of Tartrate of Dion. 

R. Subcarbonate of iron one part 

Rhine wine tw.enty-four parts 

Macerate for some days, and filter. Dose, 

one or two ounces. Soubeiran. 



FERRI AMMONIO-TARTRAS-FICUS. 



Compound Tincture of Tartrate of 

Iron. 
R. Tartrate of iron wine 
Tincture of calamus 
Hoffmann's balsamic 

elixir, each, four fl. drachms 

Mix. Dose, seventy drops, morning and 
evening, in wine. Said to be an excellent 
remedy in ascarides. Dor/meuller. 



FERRI AMMONIO-TARTRAS. 

Ammonio-Tartrate of Iron. 
R . Tartaric acid one part 

Boiling water sufficient 

to dissolve, add 

Iron filings three parts 

Digest in a warm place, for two or three 
days. Add caustic ammonia in slight ex- 
cess, stir well, pour off the solution, set it 
aside, decant the clear liquid, and evaporate 
to dryness; redissolve in distilled water, 
add a little more ammonia, filter, and 
evaporate, in shallow, porcelain dishes, by 
a gentle heat, till it becomes brittle, then 
chip it off with a blunt-pointed knife. 

Aikin. 
R . Tartaric acid fifty drachms 

"Water one gallon 

Saturate with 

Carbonate of ammonia 
And add fifty drachms more of acid. Heat 
the solution in a water-bath, and add moist 
hydrated oxide of iron (derived from fifty- 
three and a-half drachms of subcarbonate 
of iron dissolved in muriatic acid, and pre- 
cipitated by ammonia). Digest till the 
oxide is dissolved, filter, and evaporate to 
dryness by means of a water-bath. 

W. Procter. 
Has the same properties as the other prepara- 
tions of iron, but has the advantage of being 
readily soluble, of being more palatable, and 
very permanent. The dose is five grains or 
more, in pills or solution. 

Solution of Ammonio-Tartrate of 
Iron. 
R. Ammonio-tartrate of 

iron half a drachm 

Distilled water seven fl. drachms 

Rectified spirit one fl. drachm 

Mix, and dissolve. Aikin. 



FERRI TANNAS. 

Tannate of Dion. 

R. Tannic acid ninety parts 



213 

sufficient 



Boiling water 
to dissolve, add gradually 
Subcarbonate of 

iron four hundred and forty parts 
Agitate till effervescence ceases. Evapor- 
ate at 176°, in a porcelain vessel, until it 
becomes thick, then dry on a plate, in a 
stove, at 95°. Benedetti. 

Found useful in chlorosis, in doses of two or 
three grains, thrice a-day, increasing the dose as 
required. 



• FERRI VALERIANAS. 

Valerianate of Dion. 
R. Clean iron filings at will 

Put in a wedgewood mortar, add gradually 
an equal weight of valerianic acid, stirring 
continually. In an hour, .add distilled 
water, pour the whole into a flask, warm 
gently, and filter. The surface, exposed to 
the air, becomes covered with a crystalline 
layer of valerianate of iron. Collect this 
on a filter, repeat this as long as crystals 
are formed. 

Dose, one to two grains. Ruspini. 



FICUS. 

Figs. 

Figs are the fruit of Ficus carica, a small 
tree, a native of Asia, and now cultivated in all 
warm climates. There are numerous varieties. 

Sex. Syst. Polygam. dioec. Nat. Syst. Mo- 
naceaa. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1513. Griffith, Med. Bot. 576. 

They come to this country in a dry state, 
from the ports of the Levant. They are nutri- 
tious, laxative, and demulcent, and are used in 
medicine in demulcent decoctions, and some- 
times externally, as a suppurative poultice. 

Decoction of Figs. 
R. Figs one ounce 

Water one pint 

Boil, and strain. Demulcent and pectoral. 
Cadet. 
Gargle of Figs. 
R. Figs 

Mallow root, each, one ounce 

Milk two pints 

Boil away one-fourth. As an emollient 

gargle in sore throat. Radius. 

Compound Decoction of Figs. 
R. Figs 

Raisins, each, two ounces 

Barley water two pints 

Boil for a quarter of an hour, and add 

Liquorice root half an ounce 

Infuse, and strain. Foy. 



214 FILIX MAS. 



This is identical with the compound decoc- 
tion of barley, of the Lond. Ph., and like it, is 
nutritive, demulcent, and laxative. 

Coffee of Figs. 
R. Figs, roasted like coffee, two drachms 
Water one pint 

Boil gently, and strain. Radius. 

This is said to be an excellent substitute for 
coffee, and to form an excellent diet in diseases 
of the chest. 

Paste of Figs. 
R. Figs at will 

Reduce to a pulp, express through a hair 
sieve, mix with four times the weight of 
sugar, concentrate hy a gentle heat, and 
cut into lozenges. Soubeiran. 



FILIX MAS. 
Male Fern. 

The Male Fern is the rhizome of Ncphro- 
diumfilix mas, a native of the temperate regions 
of the whole world, in shady, rather damp situa- 
tions. 

Sex. Syst. Crypt, fil. Nat. Syst. Polypodiaceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1551. (Polypodium). Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 670. 

The rhizome is of a brown color, externally, 
with a feeble, but peculiar odor, and a sweet, 
bitter, astringent taste. It should always be used 
as fresh as possible. It is tonic and anthelmin- 
tic, but is not much used in this country. The 
dose, in substance, is from one to three drachms, 
twice a-day. 

Powder of Male Fern. 

R. Male fern one ounce 
Gamboge 

Calomel, each, fourteen grains 

Scammony eighteen grains 

Mix, and divide into three powders. In 

tapeworm. Cadet. 

Bolus of Male Fern. 

R . Male fern half an ounce 

Rhubarb two drachms 

Semen contra half an ounce 

Calomel one drachm 

Syrup of wormwood sufficient 

Mix, and form twelve boluses. Spielmann. 

Ethereal Extract of Male Fern. 
R. Powdered male fern at will 

Exhaust it in a displacement apparatus, with 
ether, and distil off the ether. Dose, from fifteen 
to twenty grains, twice a-day. 

Pills of Extract of Male Fern. 
R . Ethereal extract of 

male fern one scruple 

Powder of male fern twelve grains 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and make twelve to sixteen pills. 



To be taken in the evening at short inter- 
vals. Peschier. 

Oil of Male Fern. 
R. Powdered male fern four parts 

Alcohol eight parts 

Digest for twenty-four hours, decant, re- 
peat the operation with five parts of alco- 
hol, unite the liquid, distil off the alcohol, 
mix the residue with three parts of water, 
distil, and permit to rest, and collect the 
oil which sinks to the bottom, and wash it 
with pure water. Magendie. 

Pills of Oil of Male Fern. 
R . Oil of male fern twenty-four drops 
Powdered mallow root three scruples 
Fresh lard two scruples 

Mix, and divide into twenty-four pills. 
One-half to be taken in the evening, and 
the remainder next morning, and, an hour 
afterwards, a dose of castor oil. Jourdan. 

Electuary of Male Fern. 
R. Ethereal extract of 

male fern half a drachm 

Honey of roses one ounce 

Mix. Half in the evening, the remainder 

the next morning. Radius. 

Jelly with Male Fern. 

R. Male fern 

Corsica moss, each, six drachms 

Isinglass one drachm 

Water eight ounces 

Boil to three ounces, and strain ; add 
Ethereal extract of 

male fern one scruple 

Syrup of mulberries one ounce 

To be taken in divided doses, during the 

day. Phoebus. 

Mixture of Male Fern. 

R. Male fern half an ounce 

Elecampane two drachms 

Wormwood a handful 

Semen contra one drachm 

Water sufficient 

to obtain a quart of decoction ; add 

Vermifuge syrup one ounce 

Mix. Bories. 

R. Powdered male fern four drachms 
Balm water three ounces 

Syrup of gum one ounce 

Mix. To be taken in the evening, and, 

next morning, an ounce of castor oil. 

Radius. 

Tincture of Male Fern Buds. 
R. Buds of male fern one part 

Sulphuric ether eight parts 



FCENICULUM— FULIGO. 



215 



Macerate for five days, and decant. Dose, 
from eight to thirty drops. Foy. 



FCENICULUM. 

Fennel. 

There are several varieties, or species of Fen- 
nel, closely resembling each other, and having 
the same properties ; that recognized as officinal 
by the U. S. Pharm., is the F. vulgare, a native 
of Europe, and often cultivated in the gardens 
in this country. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apia- 
Linn. Sp. PI. 377. Griffith, Med. Bot. 321. 
The part used is the seeds. These are fra- 
grant, with a sweetish, warm, pleasant, aro- 
matic taste. They are employed as a carmin- 
ative, and as corrective of other, and more un- 
pleasant remedies. The dose of the powder, is 
from a scruple to half a drachm. 

Compound Powder op Fennel. 
R. Powdered fennel seed 



lettuce 
white poppy 

benne, each, one ounce 

and a-half 
sugar six ounces 

Mix. Dose, a drachm, two or three 
times a-day. Said to increase the secre- 
tion of milk in nursing women. 

Neimann. 
Infusion op Fennel. 
R. Fennel seed one drachm 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for two hours, and strain. Given 
in teaspoonful doses to infants, in windy 
colic, or used as an enema, for the same 
purpose. Taddei. 

Fennel Water. 
R . Oil of fennel half a fl. drachm 

Carbonate of magnesia half a drachm 
Distilled water two pints 

Rub the oil with the magnesia, gradually 
add the water, constantlv rubbing, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 

Oil op Fennel. 
R. Bruised fennel seed at will 

Water sufficient 

Mix, and distil. Guibourt. 

Dose, five to fifteen drops. 

Fennel Ointment. 

R. Oil of fennel thirty drops 

Lard four ounces 

Triturate together. Said to destroy lice 

in the hair. Neimann. 



FRASERA. 

American Columbo. 

The Frasera carolinensis is one of the tallest 
and most elegant of our native herbaceous plants, 
sometimes attaining a height of ten feet, with a 
pyramid of yellowish-white flowers, of three or 
four feet in length. 

Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Gentian- 
Walter. Fl. Carol. 87. Griffith, Med. Bot. 462. 
The root, which is the officinal portion, is 
large and succulent, and is usually dried in cir- 
cular sections, like columbo. It has an odor in 
a dried state, but possesses a sweetish, bitter 
taste. It is a mild, bitter tonic, suited to all cases 
to which the simple bitters are applicable. The 
dose, in powder, is from thirty grains to a 
drachm. 

Infusion op American Columbo. 

R. American columbo, bruised, one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for an hour, and strain. Wood. 

Dose, one to two fl. ounces, several times 

a-day. 

Tincture op American Columbo. 

R . Contused American columbo one ounce 

Diluted alcohol one pint 

Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 

Dose, one to three drachms. Dunylison. 



FULIGO. 

Soot. 

The soot of wood is of a black color, has a 
peculiar smell, and a bitter, disagreeable, em- 
pyreumatic taste. It owes it properties to the 
presence of pyrogenous oil or resin and creasote, 
but also contains various salts, united to acetic 
acid. It was formerly officinal, but gradually 
was relinquished in regular practice; but, of late 
years, has again attracted attention, and has been 
employed with success in a variety of diseases. 

Pills op Soot. 

R . Extract of soot half a drachm 

Comp. galbanum pill one scruple 

Oil of valerian ten minims 

Mix well, and form twelve pills, two, 

thrice a-day, in hysteria. Neligan. 

R. Soot one drachm and a-half 

Carbonate of ammonia half a drachm 
Tar sufficient 

Mix, and make five-grain pills. Ferriar. 

Decoction of Soot. 
R. Soot two handfuls 

Water two pints 

Boil, for half an hour, and strain. As a 
lotion, in herpetic, psoric, and venereal 
ulcers. Soubeiran. 



R. 



216 FULIGOKALI. 

♦- — 

Tincture of Soot. 
R. Soot one part 

Diluted alcohol eight parts 

Macerate for eight days, and filter. Dose, 
from thirty to sixty drops, as an antispas- 
modic, in hysteria, &c. Guibourt. 

Mixture of Soot. 
R. Soot half an ounce 

Carbonate of 

potassa one ounce and a-half 

Carbonate of ammonia two drachms 
Elder-flower water nine fl. ounces 

Digest for some time by a gentle heat, and 
filter. Dose, thirty to sixty drops, several 
times a-day. In dyspepsia, suppressed 
cutaneous affections, &c. Dunglison. 

R. Hickory ashes one quart 

Soot six ounces 

Boiling water one gallon 

Mix, and digest for twenty-four hours, 
frequently stirring, and decant. A tea- 
cupful, three times a-day, used in dyspep- 
sia. Ellis. 

Soot Mouth Wash. 

R. Extract of soot one part 

Vinegar twelve parts 

Mix. A few drops, in a glass of tepid 

water, in aphthous sore mouth. Soubeiran. 

Oil of Soot. 
R. Soot four ounces 

Olive oil twelve ounces 

Boil, and strain. As an application to 
ulcers in the mouth, or on the genitals. 

Radius. 

Soot Ointment. 

R. Soot one part 

Lard four parts 

Triturate together. As an application in 

tinea, scrofulous sores, &c. Soubeiran. 

Compound Soot Ointment. 
R. Soot 

Lard, each, half an ounce 

Extract of belladonna one drachm 

Triturate together. As an application to 

cancerous sores. Radius. 

R. Soot an ounce and a-half 

Lard four ounces 

Sulphate of zinc six drachms 

Triturate together. In cases of tinea. 

Bories. 



half an ounce 



Soot 

Powdered Peruvian 

bark, each, 
Powdered charcoal 

sulphur, each, one ounce 
Lard sufficient 

to make an ointment. In tinea. 

Radius. 

Cataplasm of Soot. 

R. Soot two ounces 

White of eggs six 

Mix. As an application to tinea, herpes, 

and scrofulous ulcers. St. Marie. 

Injection of Soot. 

R . Decoction of soot one pint 

Alum half an ounce 

Water six ounces 

Mix. Advised as an injection, in leucor- 

rhoea. Soubeiran. 



FULIGOKALI. 

FULIGOKALI. 

R. Potassa twenty parts 

Shining soot one hundred parts 

Water sufficient 

Boil for an hour, cool, dilute with water, 
filter, evaporate to dryness, keep in well- 
closed bottles. Deschamps. 
Used, both internally and externally, in chro- 
nic cutaneous disorders. Dose, two to three 
grains, several times a-day. 

Sulphuretted Fuligokali. 

R. Fuligokali sixty parts 

Potassa fourteen parts 

Sulphur five parts 

Dissolve the sulphur and potassa, add the 

fuligokali, evaporate to dryness. 

Pills of Sulphuretted Fuligokali. 
R . Sulphuretted fuligokali five drachms 
Starch two drachms and a-half 

Tragacanth eight grains 

Syrup sufficient 

Mix, and make one hundred pills, and 
cover them with two or three coats of tra- 
gacanth. Deschamps. 

Ointment of Fuligokali. 
R. Fuligokali sixteen to thirty grains 
Lard one ounce 

Triturate together. Used as a detersive, 
resolvent, and somewhat stimulant appli- 
cation, in obstinate cutaneous affections. 

Gibert. 



GALBANUM. 



217 



GALBANUM. 

Galbanum. 

This is the concrete juice of an unknown 
plant, but generally admitted to belong to the 
Apiaceae. According to Don, and others, the 
Asiatic galbanutn is the product of Galbanum 
officinale, a native of Persia. 

Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. xvi. 603. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 333. 

Galbanum is in whitish or yellowish tears, or 
in brownish-yellow, or brownish masses, formed 
of these tears agglutinated, and containing vari- 
ous impurities. The odor is peculiar, and some- 
what balsamic; the taste is hot, bitter, and acrid. 
It is stimulant, expectorant, and antispasmodic, 
in doses of ten to twenty grains, and also used 
externally to indolent swellings, &c. 

Purified Galbanum. 
R. Galbanum one part 

Alcohol four parts 

Dissolve by means of a water-bath, strain, 
treat the residue with a fresh quantity of 
alcohol, unite the two solutions, distil off 
the alcohol, and evaporate the residue. 

Guibourt. 
Compound Galbanum Pills. 
R. Galbanum 

Myrrh, each, one ounce and a-half 
Assafetida half an ounce 

Syrup sufficient 

Beat into mass, and divide into four hun- 
dred and eighty pills. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, ten to twenty grains, in chlorosis and 
hysteria. 

R. Galbanum two drachms 

Oil of savine four to twelve drops 

Malate of iron one drachm and a-half 
Powdered valerian sufficient 

Beat into mass, and divide into one hun- 
dred and twenty pills. Two, three times 
a-day, in amenorrhoea, chlorosis, &c. 

Phoebus. 
Galbanum Mixture. 
R. Galbanum two drachms 

Vinegar of squills 

Fennel water, each, two fl. ounces 
Spirit of mindererus two fl. drachms 
Nitric ether one fl. drachm 

Syrup of mallows half fl. ounce 

Mix. Three or four spoonfuls a-day, in 
humid asthma. Jahn. 

Tincture op Galbanum. 
R. Galbanum, in small pieces, two ounces 



Proof spirit two pints 

Digest for seven days, and filter. 

Dub. Ph. 
Antispasmodic, &c. In doses of one to three 
fl. drachms. 

Compound Tincture of Galbanum. 
R. Tincture of galbanum 
wormwood 
Spirit of rosemary equal parts 

Mix. Dose, forty to fifty drops. Augustin. 

Galbanum Plaster. 

R. Lead plaster two pounds 

Galbanum half a pound 

Yellow wax four ounces 

Melt the galbanum, add the plaster and 

wax, and melt the whole, and strain. 

Dub. Ph. 

Compound Galbanum Plaster. 

R. Galbanum eight ounces 

Lead plaster three ounces 

Turpentine ten drachms 

Burgundy pitch three ounces 

Melt the galbanum and turpentine together, 

strain, add the pitch, and then the lead 

plaster, melted; mix well. U. S. Ph. 

A good application to chronic, scrofulous en- 
largements of the glands and joints. 

R. Lead plaster ninety-six parts 

Ammoniac 

Galbanum 

Vinegar, each, eight parts 

Powder of saffron three parts 

Melt together, and strain. Lond. Ph. 

R. Galbanum and saffron 

plaster eight parts 

Camphor 
Petroleum 
Subcarbonate of ammonia, each, 

one part 
Melt together. In chronic rheumatism. 
Augustin. 

R. Galbanum 

Turpentine, each, one part 

Melt, strain, and add a melted mixture of 
White wax four parts 

Spermaceti two parts 

Oil of almonds one part 

Mix well. A milder application than any 

of the above. jSpielmann. 



218 



GALIUM VERUM— GALLA 



GALIUM VERUM. 

Yellow Ladies Bedstraw. 

A perennial, herbaceous plant, native of Eu- 
rope, which is stated to have the power of co- 
agulating milk, and also used to dye yellow. 

Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Rubi- 
aceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 155. Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. i. 
202. 

The whole plant is used ; it has an agreeable 
odor, and an astringent, acidulous, somewhat 
acrid taste. It was, at one time, much used in 
epilepsy and hysteria, and also as an applica- 
tion in cutaneous affections. 

Infusion op Yellow Ladies Bedstraw. 
R. Flowers of yellow ladies 

bedstraw two drachms 

Boiling water two pints 

Digest for an hour, and strain. This to 
be taken in a tepid state, in wineglassful 
doses, as a sedative and antispasmodic, in 
cerebral affections. Chaussier. 

Wine op Yellow Ladies Bedstraw. 
R. Expressed juice of yellow 

ladies bedstraw six fl. ounces 

White wine one to two fl. ounces 

Mix. To be taken in epilepsy, as soon as 
indications of an attack manifest them- 
selves. Bories. 



GALLA. 

Galls. 

Galls are morbid excrescences on Quercus in- 
fectoria, caused by the puncture of a hymenop- 
terous insect, the Diplolepis galla tinclorice. They 
come from the Levant ports, and present several 
varieties, the best of which are dark colored. 
They are round, hard, solid, brittle, inodorous, 
and have a bitter, very astringent taste. They 
contain tannic and gallic acids. They are power- 
fully astringent. They are more used as exter- 
nal applications, than as internal remedies. Dose, 
ten to thirty grains, several times a-day. 

Compound Powder op Galls. 

R. Powdered galls 

kino, each, half an ounce 
alum two drachms 

Mix. As a styptic. Radius. 

Infusion op Galls. 

R. Powdered galls one to two drachms 

Boiling water one pint 

Digest for half an hour, and strain. Used 

for injections, fomentations, gargles, &c. 

Taddei. 

Compound Infusion of Galls. 
R. Infusion of galls four fl. ounces 

Prepared chalk half an ounce 

Tincture of opium half fl. drachm 



Powdered gum Arabic one drachm 
Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful every two 
hours. In diarrhoea. Ellis. 

Gargle of Galls. 

R. Infusion of galls seven fl. ounces 

Alcohol one fl. ounce 

Mix. As a gargle in relaxation of uvula 

and soft palate. Ellis. 

Lotion of Galls. 
R. Claret wine one pint 

Common salt one drachm 

Sulphate of iron two drachms 

Boil for a few minutes, and add 

Oxide of copper one drachm 

Boil for two minutes. Add 

Powdered galls two drachms 

This is used to color the hair; it is to be 
washed with this fluid, dried with a warm 
cloth, and then washed with common water. 
Laforest. 
Syrup of Galls. 
R. Bruised galls two drachms 

Brandy eight fl. ounces 

Mix. Burn out the spirit, and add 

Powdered cinnamon 

mace, each, two drachms 
While hot, add sugar by burning it over 
the inflamed brandy, till a syrup is formed. 
Decant. Dose, a tablespoonful every two 
hours. In obstinate chronic diarrhoea. 

Parrish. 
Tincture of Galls. 
R. Bruised galls four ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 

A powerful astringent, in doses of one to three 
fl. drachms. 
R. Bruised galls one pound 

Water two pints 

Macerate twenty-four hours, and add 

Alcohol two pints 

Eau de Cologne six fl. ounces 

Filter. As an inj ection, diluted with water, 
in leucorrhcea and gonorrhoea. Gibert. 

Extract of Galls. 
R. Galls, in coarse powder at will 

Macerate in water sufficient to cover them 
for twenty-four hours; then introduce the 
moist mass into a displacer, and act on it 
with water, until the galls are nearly ex- 
hausted; evaporate the infusion to dryness, 
on a water-bath. 

Ointment of Extract of Galls. 
R. Extract of galls one drachm 

Lard one ounce 



GAMBOGIA. 



219 



Triturate the extract with a little water, 
until it is reduced to a uniform syrupy 
consistence, then add the lard, and mix 
thoroughly. D. S. Jones. 

Ointment of Galls. 
R. Galls, in very fine powder, one ounce 
Lard seven ounces 

Mix. As an application to piles, pro- 
lapsus ani, and also to indolent ulcers. 

U. S. Ph. 

Compound Ointment op Galls. 

R . Galls, in very fine powder, two drachms 
Powdered opium half a drachm 

Lard two ounces 

Mix well. Lond. Ph. 

As an application to irritable piles, &c. 

R. Powdered galls 

Tincture of opium, each, two parts 

Camphor one part 

Lard eight parts 

Triturate well together. As an application 

to painful piles. Foy. 

R. Finely powdered galls one scruple 
Simple cerate one drachm 

Essence of lemon twenty drops 

Lead water 

Laudanum, each, forty drops 

Rub well together. As an application to 
hemorrhoids, after subsidence of inflamma- 
tion. Dewees. 



GAMBOGIA. 

Gamboge. 



This is the concrete juice of several species of 
East Indian trees, probably belonging to the 
genus hebradendron. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. raonog. Nat. Syst. Clusi- 
aceae. 

Graham, Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 199. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 152. 

Gamboge is a gum resin, of a yellow-orange 
color, opaque, brittle, almost inodorous, of an in- 
sipid taste at first, but soon becoming acrid. It 
is a powerful hydragogue and drastic purgative, 
but apt to produce nausea and vomiting. Dose, 
from one to six grains, in pill, emulsion, or alka- 
line solution. 

Compound Powder op Gamboge. 
R. Bitartrate of potassa two drachms 

Powdered jalap one drachm 

gamboge six grains 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One to 

be given every two or three hours, in syrup, 

as a hydragogue purgative. Ellis. 

R. Powdered gamboge two grains 

sulphate of iron six grains 
sugar one scruple 



Oil of peppermint three drops 

Mix. To be taken twice a-day, against 
tape-worm. Vogt. 

Compound Pills oe Gamboge. 

R. Powdered gamboge one drachm 

aloes one drachm and a-half 

ginger half a drachm 

Soap two drachms 

Beat into mass. Lond. Ph. 

Dose, ten to twelve grains, as a purgative. 

R. Powdered gamboge ten grains 

guaiacum 

Blanched almonds, each, one drachm 

Syrup sufficient 

Beat together, and form twenty-eight pills. 

Two to four, as a gentle purgative. 

Saunders. 

Alkaline Solution op Gamboge. 

R. Powdered gamboge one drachm 

Carbonate of potassa three drachms 

Water six drachms 

Dissolve. Dose, fifteen drops, every three 

hours, as a hydragogue in dropsies. 

Van 



Gamboge Mixture. 
R. Powdered gamboge four grains 

Spirit of nitric ether one fl. drachm 
Tincture of senna two fl. drachms 

Mint water 

Syrup of buckthorn, each, half fl. ounce 
Mix. As a hydragogue purgative, in 
dropsy, especially in hydrothorax. 

Ferriar. 
R. Gamboge two scruples 

Tartrate of potassa one ounce 

White sugar two drachms 

Water six ounces 

Make a solution. As a purgative, in as- 
cites. A tablespoonful, every two or 
three hours, until it operates. Dewees. 

Gamboge and Elatine Mixture. 
R. Gamboge four grains 

Elatine half a grain 

Sweet spirit of nitre one ounce 

Water four ounces 

Mix. As a hydragogue purgative, in as- 
cites. A tablespoonful, to be taken every 
two or three hours, until free purgation is 
induced. Dewees. 

Alkaline Tincture op Gamboge. 

R. Gamboge one part 

Carbonate of potassa two parts 

Diluted alcohol twenty-four parts 

Digest for some days, and filter. Seherf. 



220 



GAULTHERIA— GENTIANA. 



Ammoniacal Tincture of Gamboge. 
R. Gamboge thirty-six grains 

Spirit of ammonia four fl. ounces 

Digest for eight days, and filter. Dose, 
one to two fl. drachms. Swediaur. 



GAULTHERIA. 
Partridge Berry. 

The leaves of Gaultheria procumbens ; a small, 
indigenous, evergreen plant, found in most parts 
of the United States, in dry, sandy situations. 

Sex. Sysl. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Erica- 
ceae. 

Kalm. Amoen. Acad. iii. 14. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 424. 

These leaves have a peculiar, aromatic taste 
and odor, with a little astringency. They are 
stimulant, and somewhat tonic and astringent, 
and are much used in the form of tea, in bowel 
diseases, and as an emmenagogue. 

Oil of Partridge Berry. 
R. Leaves of partridge berry at will 

Water sufficient 

Distil, and collect the oil that passes. 

Ooxe. 

Principally used to flavor mixtures, &c. In 
large doses, is poisonous. Dissolved in diluted 
alcohol, is in common use as a carminative and 
stimulant. 

Partridge Berry Water. 

R. Oil of partridge berry sixteen drops 
Carbonate of magnesia one drachm 
Water one pint 

Triturate the oil, magnesia, and a little of 

the water together, then add the rest of 

the water, and filter. 



GENTIANA. 

Gentian. 

The roots 'of several species of gentian are 
used in medicine ; but that which is most gene- 
rally recognized as officinal, is Gentiana lutea, a 
tall, perennial plant, native of the mountains of 
Europe. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Gen- 
tianacese. 

Linn. Sp. PL 329. Griffith, Med. Bot. 460. 

The root is of a grayish brown externally, and 
yellowish within ; it has a slightly sweetish, but 
extremely bitter taste, and a faint, but peculiar 
odor. It is a pure and simple bitter tonic, with 
no astringency. The dose of the powder is 
from ten to forty grains, but is seldom given in 
this form. 

Compound Powder of Gentian. 
R. Powdered gentian 
cascarilla 
orange peel, each, 

one drachm 



Peppermint sugar three drachms 

Mix. Dose, thirty grains, several times 
a-day, as a stomachic. Augustin. 

Extract of Gentian. 
R. Gentian, in coarse powder, one pound 
Water sufficient 

Exhaust the powder by means of displace- 
ment. Heat the filtered liquid, strain, 
and evaporate to proper consistence. 

U. S. Ph. 

Dose, ten to thirty grains, as a tonic ; also as 
a basis for various metallic pills. 

Compound Gentian Pills. 

R. Powdered aloes one drachm 

Extract of gentian half a drachm 

Oil of caraway ten drops 

Syrup sufficient 

Beat into mass, and form pills of four 

grains. Two or three for a dose, as a 

purgative. Ellis. 

R . Extract of gentian 
Powdered rhubarb 

Soap equal parts 

Water sufficient 

Beat into mass, and form four-grain pills. 

Tonic and laxative. Fulda Dispen. 

Pills of Gentian and Ammonia. 
R. Extract of gentian 

Carbonate of ammonia, each, 
Mix, and make twenty-four pills. Two to 
be taken twice or thrice a-day. For heart- 
burn in gouty habits. Steph. and Church. 

Infusion of Gentian. 
R. Contused gentian two drachms 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for twelve hours, and strain. Beral. 

Compound Infusion of Gentian. 
R. Bruised gentian half an ounce 

orange peel 

coriander, each, one drachm 

Diluted alcohol four fl. ounces 

Water twelve fl. ounces 

Pour on the alcohol, and, in three hours, 

add the water, macerate for twelve hours, 

and strain. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, a fl. ounce, as a tonic. 

R. Bruised gentian 

calamus, each, one ounce 

Centaury six drachms 

Rosemary two drachms 

Boiling water four pints 

Infuse for twelve hours, and strain. Used 

as an emmenagogue, in doses of three 

ounces, twice a-day. Spielmann. 



GENTIANA. 



221 



Infusion op Gentian with Rhubarb. 

R. Bruised gentian one drachm 

rhubarb two drachms 

Boiling water twelve fl. ounces 

Macerate for an hour, strain, and add 
Carbonate of ammonia two scruples 

Dose, one to two fl. ounces, in dyspepsia, 

chronic rheumatism, &c. 

Steph. and Church. 
Mixture of Gentian. 

R. Carbonate of magnesia one drachm 
Infusion of gentian six fl. ounces 

Mix. A wineglassful, three times a-day, 

as an antilithic, where uric acid abounds. 
Brande. 

R. Extract of gentian two drachms 

Carbonate of potassa two scruples 
Mint water five fl. ounces 

Tincture of orange peel five fl. drachms 
Sugar one ounce 

Mix. A spoonful, three times a-day, as a 

stomachic and carminative. Berends. 

Wine op Gentian. 
R. Gentian, coarsely 

powdered, half an ounce 

Yellow bark, coarsely 

powdered, one ounce 

Orange peel two drachms 

Canella, in coarse powder, one drachm 

Proof spirit four fl. ounces and a-half 

Sherry wine forty-six fl. ounces 

Digest the root and barks in the spirit, 

for twenty-four hours, add wine, digest for 

seven days, express, strain, and filter. 

Ed. Ph. 

A stomachic bitter, in doses of four to eight fl. 
drachms. 

Syrup op Gentian. 
R. Gentian, in coarse 

powder, forty-eight parts 

Cold water sufficient 

Syrup fifteen hundred parts 

Put the gentian in a displacement appa- 
ratus, and make a strong infusion, filter 
this, and add to boiling syrup, of such a 
consistence, as, after the addition, it will 
make 30°. Tauvel. 

Syrup op Extract op Gentian. 
R. Aqueous extract of gen- 
tian two drachms 
Water eight fl. ounces 
Sugar sixteen ounces (av.) 
Dissolve the extract in the water, add the 
sugar, and form a syrup with a gentle heat, 
and strain. W. Procter. 

Tincture op Gentian. 
R. Gentian one part 



Diluted alcohol four parts 

Macerate for six days, and filter. Dose, 
one to two fl. drachms. Cotter eau. 

Acidulated Tincture op Gentian. 
R. Compound tincture of 

gentian four fl. ounces 

Elixir of vitriol half fl. drachm 

Mix. A teaspoonful, in sugar and water, 

three or four times a-day. Ellis. 

Compound Tincture op Gentian. 

R. Bruised gentian two ounces 

Orange peel one ounce 

Bruised cardamoms half an ounce 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. U. S. Ph. 

An excellent bitter tonic, in doses of one fl. 

drachm. 

Ammoniacal Tincture op Gentian. 
R. Bruised gentian one ounce 

Carbonate of ammonia two drachms 
Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate the root in the alcohol, for eight 
days, filter, and add the ammonia. Dose, 
one to fourfl. drachms, in scrofula. Taddei. 

Alkaline Tincture of Gentian. 
R. Bruised gentian one ounce 

Carbonate of soda three drachms 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for eight days, and filter. Used 
in same cases, and same doses, as the for- 
mer. Guibourt. 

Mixture op Tincture op Gentian. 
R. Tincture of gen- 
tian one fl. ounce and a-half 
Tincture of rhubarb 

cinnamon half fl. ounce 

opium ten drops 

■Mix. A dessertspoonful, every hour, in 

diarrhoea. Foy. 

R. Extract of gentian 

cascarilla, each, 

two drachms 

Peppermint water four fl. ounces 

Mix. In spoonful doses, as a tonic and 

stomachic. St. Marie. 

Gentian and Sulphuric Acid Mix- 
ture. 
R. Compound infusion of 
gentian 
Compound tincture of 

gentian 

Diluted sulphuric acid 

Mix. A tablcspoonful, three times a-day, 

in dyspepsia. Brande. 



five fl. ounces 

one fl. ounce 
one fl. drachm 



GENTIANINA— GEUM RIVALE. 



GENTIANINA. 

Gentianin. 
R. Powdered gentian at will 

Macerate in cold ether, and repeat till 
exhausted; unite the tinctures, and distil; 
treat the residue several times with cold 
alcohol, distil the tinctures, evaporate the 
residue to dryness ; mix it with an excess of 
magnesia, treat with sulphuric ether, then 
with oxalic acid, then again with the ether, 
and distil. Magendie. 

Dose, one to two grains. 

Pills of Gentianin. 
R. Gentianin five grains 

Conserve of roses 

Powdered liquorice, each, sufficient 
Mix, and make six pills. 

Syrup of Gentianin. 

R. Gentianin sixteen grains 

Syrup one pound 

Dissolve, and boil for a short time. Dose, 

half an ounce to an ounce. Borics. 

Tincture of Gentianin. 
R. Gentianin five grains 

Alcohol one ounce 

Mix. Dose, from one to four drachms. 

Cadet. 



GERANIUM. 

Cranesbill. 

This is the root of Geranium maculatum, a na- 
tive, perennial plant, found, in most parts of the 
country, in woods and shady places. 

Sex. Syst. Monadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Gera- 
niaceae. 

Linn. Sp. PL 955. Griffith, Med. Bot. 209. 

The root is in rough pieces, of a dark brown 
color externally, and flesh-colored within. It is 
inodorous ; the taste is astringent, but not bitter. 
The dose is from ten to thirty grains, as an as- 
tringent, in all cases in which kino or rhatany 
are found useful. 

Decoction of Geranium. 

R. Geranium one ounce 

Water one pint and a-half 

Boil down to a pint. Dose, from one to 

two fl. ounces. Wood. 

Extract of Geranium. 
R. Bruised geranium root one pound 

Water one gallon 

Boil down to one half, strain, and evaporate 
to due consistence. This extract is very 
similar to Rhatany, and may be given in 
the same cases, and in the same doses. 



GEOFFROYA INERMIS. 
Cabbage Tree Bark. 

The Cabbage Tree is a native of the West India 
Islands; it is a large tree, having a smooth, gray 
bark. 

Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Faba- 
ceSB. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1043. Griffith, Med. Bot. 247. 
(Andira.) 

The bark is in long, fibrous pieces, of a brown- 
ish ash color externally, and yellowish within ; 
it has a resinous fracture, an unpleasant odor, 
and a sweetish, mucilaginous, bitterish taste. It 
is a powerful vermifuge, in doses of a scruple to 
half a drachm. The best form of administration 
is the syrup. 

Decoction of Cabbage Tree Bark. 

R. Cabbage tree bark one ounce 

Water two pints 

Boil down to one pint, and strain. Dose, 

one to two fl. ounces. Ellis. 

Extract of Cabbage Tree Bark. 
R. Cabbage tree bark one part 

Water eight parts 

Boil for a quarter of an hour, strain, add 
four parts of water, boil, and strain; eva- 
porate the united decoctions to a proper 
consistence. Dose, three grains. Belg. Ph. 

Mixture of Cabbage Tree Bark. 
R . Cabbage tree bark half an ounce 

Water six ounces 

Boil for half an hour, strain, and add 
Tincture of cabbage tree bark one ounce 
Syrup of orange peel half an ounce 
A tablespoonful, morning and evening. 

Niemann. 



GEUM. 

AVENS. 



1. GEUM RIVALE. 

Water Avens. 

This plant is a native of Europe and the 
United States, in wet, boggy situations. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Rosa- 
Linn. Sp. PL 717. English Bot. 1. 106. 
Root reddish or purplish, hard and brittle, 
inodorous, of an astringent, bitterish taste. It is 
tonic and astringent, and has been used advan- 
tageously in passive hemorrhages, leucorrhoea, 
&c. The dose, in powder, is from a scruple to a 
drachm, three times a-day. 

Decoction of Water Avens. 
R . Water avens root one ounce 



GEUM VIRGINIANUM— GLYCYRRHIZA. 



223 



Water one pint and a-half 

Boil down to a pint, and strain, to be given 
in doses of one or two fl. ounces. 



2. GEUM VIRGINIANUM. 
White Avens. 

Also a native of the United States, growing 
in woods and along streams. Flower small and 
white. 

Linn. Sp. Pi. 719. Griffith, Med. Bot. 279. 

The root is of a brown color, somewhat aro- 
matic, and of a bitterish, astringent taste. It has 
the same properties as the G. rivale, and is given 
in the same cases and doses. 



3. GEUM URBANUM. 

Avens. 

A native of Europe, growing in woods and 
waste places. They are small, and of a yellow 
color. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 716. Eng. Bot. t. 1400. 

The root consists of a short caudex with many 
long fibres. When fresh, it has somewhat the 
odor of cloves, but when dry, is almost inodor- 
ous. The taste is bitter and astringent. Like 
the other species, it is tonic and astringent. 

Compound Powder of Avens. 
R. Powdered avens root 

gum Arabic, eacb, three 
drachms 
kino 

cinnamon, each, one drachm 

sugar half an ounce 

Mix. A teaspoonful, every two or three 

hours, in diarrhoea. Vogel. 

Mixture op Avens. 

R. Bruised avens one ounce 

Water twelve fl. ounces 

Boil to eight ounces, and to the strained 

cold decoction, add 

Extract of avens two drachms 

Sulphuric ether one drachm 

Mix. Two spoonfuls, every two hours. 

As a febrifuge. Radius. 



GILLENIA. 

Indian Physic. 

This is the root of Gillenia trifoliata, a native 
herbaceous plant, found in most parts of the 
country, in shady, and rather marsh situations. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. pentag. Nut. Syst. Rosa- 
cea. 

Moench. Sp. PI. 28G. Griffith, Med. Bot. 282. 

The roots are about as thick as a quill, wrink- 
led longitudinally, and irregularly undulated; a 
light brown color, and consisting of a thick cor- 
tical portion, and a slender ligneous centre. The 



bark is of a disagreeable, bitter taste. It is a 
mild and certain emetic, and forms a good sub- 
stitute for ipecacuanha. The dose, from twenty 
to thirty grains, to be repeated in half an hour, 
if it does not produce the desired effect. 



GLTCERINUM. 

Glycerin 

Is a fatty body, which may be obtained by 
the saponification of olive oil, in making lead 
plaster. The water in which the plaster is ma- 
laxated, dissolves the glycerin, having a little 
lead in solution. This water is to be evaporat- 
ed till of a syrupy consistence, sulphuretted hy- 
drogen passed through to separate the lead, 
heated, to expel any excess of gas, digested with 
animal charcoal, filtered, and evaporated in va- 
cuo, at a temperature of 150° F. In a pure state 
it is a nearly colorless, viscid fluid, and is un- 
crystallizable. 

It has been used with success in lotions, 
poultices, baths, &c, to render them emollient 
and soothing; in diseases of the skin, as pityria- 
sis, impetigo, chapped hands, nipples, face, &c. 

Ointment of Glycerin. 

R. Glycerin one fl. drachm 

Borax ten grains 

Rose water seven fl. drachms 

Mix. Used as a lotion in lichen, three 

times a-day ; also in chapped hands. 

Clymer. 



GLYCYRRHIZA. 

Liquorice Root. 

Several species of this genus have sweet and 
demulcent roots, but the only officinal species is 
the G. glabra, a native of the south of Europe, 
and of some parts of Asia and Africa, and also 
successfully cultivated in more northern regions. 

Sex. Syst. Diadelp. decand. Nat. Syst. Faba- 
cece. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1046. Griffith, Med. Bot. 236. 

The root is in long pieces of various thick- 
nesses, of a grayish-brown color externally, and 
yellowish within ; it is inodorous, and of a 
sweet, mucilaginous taste, with a slight degree 
of acidity. It is an excellent demulcent, and is 
much used in affections of the mucous mem- 
branes, and as an addition to the more irritating 
or nauseous remedies, to abate their acrimony 
or conceal their taste. 

Extract of Liquorice. 
R. Liquorice root, 

sliced, two pounds and a-half 

Boiling distilled water two gallons 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down 
to a gallon, strain, evaporate to proper con- 
sistence. Lond. Ph. 

Refined Liquorice. 
R. Crude liquorice at will 

Dissolve in water, strain, and evaporate. 



224 GOSSYPIUM. 

♦ 

These two articles are useful demulcents, 
and additions to cough mixtures. 

U. S. Disp. 

Liquorice Paste. 



R. Extract of liquorice one pound 

Cold water four pints 

Dissolve, strain, and add 

Gum Arabic two pounds 

Sugar one pound 

Evaporate to proper consistence. Soubeiran. 



R. Gum Arabic 

Extract of liquorice 

Sugar 

Water 
Evaporate to consistence 
add 

Powdered orris root 

elecampane, 



two pounds 

nine ounces 

one pound 

sufficient 

of syrup, and 

each, 



half an 
ounce 
Continue to evaporate, then add 

Oil of aniseed two scruples 

Spielmann. 

Lozenges op Liquorice. 
R. Extract of liquorice 

Gum Arabic, each, six ounces 

Sugar one pound 

Dissolve in sufficiency of boiling water, 
evaporate on water-bath, to proper consist- 
ence for lozenges. Ed. Ph. 



Lozenges of Liquorice and Opium. 
R. Powdered opium half an ounce 

liquorice 
gum Arabic 

sugar, each, ten ounces 

Oil of anise two fl. drachms 

Mix the powder well, add the oil of anise, 
form mass with water, and divide into 
lozenges of six grains. U. S. Ph. 

Each lozenge contains one tenth of a grain of 
opium. 

R. Powdered liquorice 

gum Arabic 

sugar, each, two drachms 

opium six grains 

Oil of anise, four drops 

Mix, and with sufficient water form mass, 

and divide into sixty lozenges. These are 

known as Dr. Wistar's cough lozenges. 

Ellis. 

Both the above are demulcent and anodyne, 
and are well suited to allay cough, where opium 
is permissible. 

Mixture op Liquorice. 
R. Powdered liquorice one drachm 

Chamomile water one fl. ounce 



Syrup of mallows four fl. ounces 

Mix. In spoonful doses, to allay cough. 

Foy. 
R. Powdered liquorice 

gum Arabic, each, 

two drachms 
Boiling water four fl. ounces 

Mix, and dissolve, then add 
Spirit of nitric ether 
Antimonial wine, each, one fl. drachm 
Tincture of opium forty to fifty drops 
A tablespoonful occasionally, in catarrh. 

Ellis. 
R. Powdered liquorice 

gum Arabic, each, 

two drachms 
Boiling water four fl. ounces 

Dissolve, and add 

Antimonial wine two fl. drachms 

Tincture of opium twenty minims 
Mix. A tablespoonful, occasionally. 

U. S. P-isp. 

These two mixtures are well known under the 
name of Brown mixture. 

Syrup of Liquorice. 
R. Liquorice root two ounces 

Maidenhair one ounce 

Hyssop half an ounce 

Water two pints 

Infuse for twenty-four hours, boil to one- 
half, and add to strained decoction 



Honey 

Sugar 

Rose water 
Make a syrup, 
spoonful doses. 



As 



eight ounces 

sixteen ounces 

four fl. ounces 

cough mixture, in 

Wirtem. Ph. 



GOSSYPIUM. 

Cotton 

Is the down or hair attached to the seeds of 
Gossypium herbaceum, and other species of the 
genus. It consists of fine, white filaments, hav- 
ing neither odor nor taste, and is insoluble in 
water, alcohol, ether, the oils, &c, but is soluble 
in strong alkaline solutions. 

Sex. Syst. Monadelph. polyand. Nat. Syst. 
Malvaceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 845. Griffith, Med. Bot. 162. 

It is principally used for the fabrication of 
cloth, but is also employed in medicine, as an ap- 
plication to recent burns and scalds, to erysipelas, 
and to parts affected with rheumatism. It should 
be applied in the form of thin sheets. The seeds 
furnish much oil, and the root is said to be an 
active emmenagogue. 

Decoction of Cotton Root. 
R. Inner part of cotton root four ounces 
Water one quart 



GRANATUM. 



225 



Boil down to a pint. Said to be as effectual 
as ergot in promoting uterine contraction. 
Dose, a wineglassful, every twenty or thirty 
minutes. Bouchelle. 

Ethereal Solution of Cotton. 
(Collodion.) 

This preparation, which is a solution of gun- 
cotton in ether, is used as a dressing to wounds; 
by its evaporation, it unites them closely, preserves 
them from the action of the air, is impervious to 
moisture ; being transparent, it permits the pro- 
gress of the wound to be examined, &c. 

R. Nitric acid (1.45) 
Sulphuric acid (com- 
mercial), each, one fl. ounce 
Cleaned and bleached 

cotton two drachms 

Saturate the cotton thoroughly, with the 
acids, and macerate for twelve hours. 
Wash the cotton ; dry rapidly, by artificial 
heat, in the shade, and dissolve it in 
Sulphuric ether 

(officinal) one pint and a-half 

E. Parrish. W. Livermore. 

R. Finely powdered nitrate 

of potash 40 parts, by weight 

Concentrated sul- 
phuric acid 60 " " " 

Carded cotton 2 " " " 

Mix the nitre with the sulphuric acid, in a 
porcelain vessel, then add the cotton, and 
agitate the mass for three minutes, by the 
aid of two glass rods. Wash the cotton, 
without first pressing it, in a large quantity 
of water, and when all acidity is removed 
(indicated by litmus paper), press firmly 
in a cloth. Pull it out into a loose mass, 
and dry it in a stove at a moderate heat 

Prepared cotton 8 parts, by weight 

Rectified sul- 
phuric ether 125 " " " 

Rectified alcohol 8 " " « 
Put the cotton, with the ether, into a well- 
stoppered bottle, and shake the mixture 
for some minutes. Then add the alcobol 
by degrees, and continue to shake, until 
the whole of the liquid acquires a syrupy 
consistency. It may then be passed 
through a cloth, the residue strongly press- 
ed, and the liquid kept in a well-secured 
bottle. Miahle. 



GRANATUM. 

Pomegranate. 

The Punka granatum, a small tree, a native 
of, and cultivated in warm climates, and much 
esteemed for its subacid fruit, affords two arti- 

15 



cles employed medicinally, the rind of the fruit, 
and the bark of the root. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Myr- 

Linn. Sp. PL 676. Griffith, Med. Bot. 294. 

The rind, as found in the shops, is in frag- 
ments of a dry, hard, brittle consistence ; of a 
yellowish, or reddish-brown color, inodorous, 
and of an astringent, somewhat bitter taste. 
The bark of the root is in small pieces, of an 
ash-gray or yellowish color, externally, yellow 
within ; brittle, with scarcely any odor, and as- 
tringent, but not bitter taste. The rind is a good 
astringent, in doses of ten to thirty grains; and 
the bark of the root, an efficient vermifuge, espe- 
cially in a fresh, or recently dried state. 

Decoction op Pomegranate Rind. 
R. Pomegranate rind two ounces 

Distilled water a pint and a-half 

Boil down to a pint, and strain. Lond. Ph. 

Dose, one fl. ounce. As an astringent. 



Gargle of Pomegranate Rind. 



half an ounce 
two drachms 
six fl. ounces 



one fl. ounce 
two drachms 



R. Pomegranate rind 

Red roses 

Boiling water 
Infuse, strain, and add 

Clarified honey 

Alum 

Used as gargle, in inflammation of fauces 
and throat. Ellis. 

Injection of Pomegranate Rind. 
R. Pomegranate rind one part 

Water thirty-two parts 

Boil away one-half. Beral. 

Decoction of Pomegranate Root. 
R . Bark of pomegranate root two ounces 

Water one pint and a-half 

Macerate for two hours, and then boil to 
a pint. To be taken in three doses. As 
a vermifuge, in cases of taenia. Foy. 

Extract of Pomegranate Root. 
R. Bark of pomegranate root at will 

Diluted alcohol sufficient 

Macerate for a week, distil off the alcohol, 
and evaporate the residue to proper con- 
sistence. Souheiran. 
Electuary of Extract of Pome- 
granate Root. 
R. Extract of pomegranate 

root six drachms 

Gum tragacanth sufficient 

Lemon juice two fl. ounces 

Linden water three fl. ounces 

Mix. One-half to be taken, and half an 

hour afterwards the remainder. Radius. 

Mixture of Extract of Pome- 
granate Root. 
R . Extract of pomegranate 

root six drachms 



226 



GRATIOLA— GUAIACUM. 



Lemon juice 

Mint water 

Linden water, each, two fl. ounces 
Mix. One-fourth to be taken, every 
quarter of an hour. Radius. 

Bolus op Pomegranate Hoot. 
R. Powdered bark of pome- 
granate root one drachm 
Powdered red Peruvian 

bark two drachms 

Balsam copaiba sufficient 

Mix, and form twelve boluses. One, 
morning and evening, in chronic mucous 
discharges, Radius. 

R. Powdered bark of pome- 
granate root one drachm 
Assafetida half a drachm 
Oil of croton four drops 
Syrup of ether sufficient 
Mix, and make fifteen boluses. Five 
a-day, in the treatment of taenia. Foy. 



GRATIOLA. 
Hedge Hyssop. 



Most of the species of this genus have active 
properties, but only one of them has been em- 
ployed in medicine ; the G. officinalis of Europe ; 
a native species, the G. aurea, is possessed of 
identical properties, which, in both cases, depend 
on the presence of veratria. 

Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Scrophu- 



Linn. Sp. PL 24. Griffith, Med. Bot. 518. 

The whole plant is used, it is almost inodor- 
ous, but has a bitter, nauseous taste. It is a dras- 
tic cathartic and emetic, with some diuretic pro- 
perties. It has been stated that it forms the 
basis of the Eau medicinah of Husson. The 
dose of the powder is from ten to twenty 
grains. 

Compound Powder op Hedge Hyssop. 

R. Powdered hedge hyssop two scruples 
Calomel five grains 

Assafetida half a drachm 

Oil of peppermint three drops 

Mix, and divide into two powders. One 

to be taken every three hours, in taenia. 

Augustin. 

Wine op Hedge Hyssup. 
R . Dried herb of hedge hysspp one ounce 
Contused root of hedge 

hyssop half an ounce 

White wine sixteen fl. ounces 

Macerate for eight days, with a gentle 
heat, and strain. A teaspoonful, at bed- 
time, drinking after it half a pint of beef 
tea. If necessary, repeat next evening. 

PerJcins. 



Said to be the original recipe for the Eau me- 
dicinale. 



GUAIACUM. 

GUAIACUM. 



The Guaiacum officinale, a large tree, a native 
of the West Indies and some parts of South 
America, affords two medicinal products, the 
wood and resin, or concrete juice. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Zygo- 
phyllacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 546. Griffith, Med. Bot. 203. 

The wood is very hard, of a greenish brown 
color, of a bitterish, somewhat acrid taste, and of 
a faint smell, except when heated. The resin 
is of a greenish or dark olive color, of a feeble 
odor, and of an acrid taste. They both are 
stimulant and alterative, and have been much 
used in chronic rheumatism, gout, obstinate cuta- 
neous affections, amenorrhosa, &c. The dose of 
the resin is from ten to thirty grains. 

Decoction op Guaiacum Wood. 
R. Rasped guaiacum wood one ounce 

Water one pint and a-half 

Boil down to a pint. To be taken in 
divided doses, during the day. 

U. S. Dispens. 

Compound Decoction op Guaiacum 

Wood. 
R. Guaiacum shavings three ounces 

Raisins two ounces 

Sassafras root, rasped, 
Liquorice root, bruised, each, one ounce 
Water eight pints 

Boil the guaiacum and raisins in the water, 
down to five pints, adding the other ingre- 
dients, towards close of operation. Strain. 
Ed. Ph. 

From one to two pints may be taken, during 
the day, in divided doses, as an alterative in 
chronic rheumatism and cutaneous diseases. 

R. Rasped guaiacum wood one ounce 

sassafras half an ounce 

Contused liquorice root one drachm 

Water five pints 

Boil for two hours, strain, and add 

Cinnamon water three ounces 

A wineglassful, several times a-day, as 

alterative, &c. Augustin. 

R. Rasped guaiacum wood two drachms 
Water sufficient 

to obtain one pint of strained decoction. 

After an hour's boiling, add 

Wine of colchicum seed two drachms 

A wineglassf ul every two hours, in chronic 

pains of the joints. Radius. 

Extract op Guaiacum Wood. 
R. Powdered Guaiacum wood at will 



GUAIACUM. 



227 



Exhaust with boiling water, by means of 
a displacement apparatus, and evaporate. 
Van. Mons. 
Oil of Guaiacum "Wood. 
R. Guaiacum wood at will 

Distil on a sand-bath, separate the oil, and 
rectify it. Dose, four or five drops, in 
gonorrhoea, also as a friction in rheumat- 
ism. Taddei. 

Compound Oil op G-uaiacum. 

R. Oil of guaiacum three ounces 

Balsam of Peru one ounce 

Ammoniated alcohol half an ounce 

Mix. In caries of the teeth, and as a 

dressing to malignant ulcers. Swediaur. 

Compound Powder op G-uaiacum. 
R. Powdered resin of 

guaiacum two drachms 

Cremor tartar half an ounce 

Sugar six drachms 

Mix. Three teaspoonfuls a-day, in gout. 

Phoebus. 

R. Powdered resin of guaiacum 

nitrate of potassa, each, 

one drachm 
ipecacuanha three grains 
opium two grains 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
every three hours; as a stimulating di- 
aphoretic in acute rheumatism, after reduc- 
tion of inflammation. Ellis. 

Pills op Guaiacum and Turpentine. 
R. Powdered resin of 

guaiacum one drachm 

Venice turpentine sufficient 

Mix, and make fifteen pills. One, three 
times a-day, in gleet and leucorrhcea. 

Ellis. 
Pills op Guaiacum, Aloes, &c. 
R. Powdered guaiacum resin one drachm 
aloes thirty-six grains 

rhubarb two drachms 

Canada balsam sufficient 

Form mass, and divide into forty-eight 
pills. One, every three hours, as a stimu- 
lating cathartic. Ellis. 

Pills of Guaiacum, Antimony, &c. 
R. Powdered resin of guaiacum 
Golden sulphuret of 

antimony, each, half a drachm 

Calomel ten grains 

Extract of dandelion sufficient 

Form mass, and divide into three-grain 

pills. Three to four, three times a-day, 

in painful affections of the joints. 

Hildebrand. 



Pills of Guaiacum, Sulphur, &c. 
R. Powdered resin of 

guaiacum half an ounce 

Washed sulphur one ounce 

Crude antimony one drachm and a-half 
Extract of blessed thistle sufficient 
Form mass, and make pills of two grains. 
Ten, three times a-day, in gout, rheumat- 
ism, and obstinate cutaneous affections. 

Quarin . 
Mixture with Guaiacum, &c. 
R. Powdered resin of 

guaiacum two drachms 

Powdered nitrate of 

potassa one drachm and a-half 

Powdered gum Arabic one drachm 

tartar emetic one grain 

liquorice one scruple 

Distilled or mint water eight fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful, three or four times 

a-day, in rheumatism, &c. Ellis. 

Guaiacum Mixture. 

R. Resin of guaiacum three drachms 

Sugar half an ounce 

Gum Arabic mixture half a fl. ounce 

Cinnamon water nineteen fl. ounces 

Rub the resin with the sugar, then with the 

mixture of gum Arabic, and gradually add 

the cinnamon water while rubbing. 

Lond. Ph. 
One to three tablespoonfuls, two or three times 
a-day. 

Mixture of Guaiacum and Bitter- 
Sweet. 
R. Powdered resin of 

guaiacum two drachms 

Powdered gum Arabic three drachms 
Extract of bitter sweet three drachms 
Syrup of mallows one fl. ounce 

Distilled water seven fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful every three hours, 
in chronic rheumatism. Berends. 

Tincture of Guaiacum. 
R. Powdered resin of 

guaiacum half a pound 

Alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 

U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one to three fl. drachms, three or four 
times a-day, in gout and chronic rheumatism ; to 
be given in milk or mucilage. 

R . Powdered resin of 

guaiacum four ounces 

Carbonate of soda or 

potassa one drachm and a-half 

Powdered pimento one ounce 

Diluted alcohol one pint 



228 



H.EMATOXYLON. 



for a few days. Add volatile spirit 
of ^ammonia, if required, in proportion of 
one or two drachms to each four ounces of 
tincture. Highly praised in idiopathic 
amenorrhoca, in doses of a teaspoonful, 
three times a-day, in milk or wine. 

Dcwees. 
Ammoniated Tincture op Guaiacum. 
R. Powdered resin of 

guaiacum four ounces 

Aromatic spirit of 

ammonia one pint and a-half 

Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 

U. S. Ph. 

fDose, one to two fl. drachms, two or three 
Jiffies a-day, in chronic rheumatism. 

Ammoniated Tincture op Guaiacum 

and Copaiba. 
R. Ammoniated tincture of 

guaiacum one fl. ounce 

Copaiba half fl. ounce 

Mix. A teaspoonful, two or three times 

a-day, in amenorrhoeawith general debility. 

Ellis. 



Ammoniated Tincture op Guaiacum 

and Camphor. 
R. Ammoniated tincture of guaiacum 
Camphorated tincture of 

opium, each, one fl. ounce 

Mix. Two teaspoonfuls every two hours, 
in misplaced and retrocedent gout. Ellis. 

Odontalgic Mixture of Guaiacum. 
R. Tincture of guaiacum six fl. drachms 
Oil of valerian one fl. ounce 

Syrup of scurvy grass 
Compound tincture of 

benzoin, each, two fl. drachms 

Tincture of opium one drachm 

Mix. A teaspoonful mixed with hot water, 
to be held in the mouth, in toothache. 

Cams. 
Mixture of Tincture of Guaiacum 

and Henbane. 
R. Tincture of guaiacum two fl. drachms 
henbane one fl. drachm 
Mix. Twenty to thirty drops, morning 
and evening, in spasm of the stomach and 
neuralgia. Radius. 



H 



HJEMATOXYLON. 
Logwood. 

This is the heart wood of Hcematoxylon cam- 
pechianiMn, a middle-sized tree, a native of Cam- 
peachy, and naturalized in several of the West 
Indian islands. It is principally used for tinc- 
torial purposes, but is also employed in medicine. 

Sex. Syst. Eecand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fa- 
te cese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 549. Griffith, Med Bot. 252. 

It com-es in logs of a dark color externally, and 
deep red internally; for medical use, it is chip- 
ped or rasped. It has a feeble but peculiar 
odor, and a sweetish, somewhat astringent taste. 
It is used as a mild astringent in chronic diseases, 
and relaxed condition of the bowels. 

Infusion of Logwood. 
R. Rasped logwood half an ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for two hours, and strain. A table- 
spoonful every two or three hours, in 
cholera and diarrhoea of children. Ellis. 

Decoction of Logwood. 

R. Rasped logwood one ounce 

Water two pints 

Boil down to a pint, and strain. U. S. Ph. 

A good astringent in diarrhcea, especially in 



children. Dose for an adult, two fl. ounces ; for 
a child about two years of age, two or three fl. 
drachms, several times a-day. 

Extract of Logwood. 

R. Rasped logwood one pound 

Water one gallon 

Boil to four pints, strain while hot, then 

evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, from ten to thirty grains. 

Electuary of Extract of Logwood. 

R . Extract of logwood 

liquorice, each, two drachms 

Peruvian bark three drachms 

cascarilla one drachm 

Mucilage of quince sufficient 

Mix. A teaspoonful, three times a-day, in 

chronic diarrhoea, &c. Radius. 

Mixture of Extract of Logwood. 
R. Extract of logwood three drachms 
Boiling water seven fl. ounces 

Dissolve, strain, and add 

Tincture of cinnamon six fl. drachms 

catechu two fl. drachms 

Mix. Dose, one fl. ounce, every six hours. 



HAMAMELIS— HELLEBORUS. 



229 



R. Extract of logwood three drachms 

Tincture of catechu two fl. drachms 

Water seven fl. ounces 

Mix. Two spoonfuls, every three or four 

hours. In diarrhoea and dysentery. Ellis. 



R. 



Extract of logwood 
Spirit of cinnamon 



three drachms 

one fl. ounce and 

a-half 

seven fl. ounces 

two fl. drachms 



Water 

Tincture of kino 
Mix. In the same doses, and in the same 
diseases, as the last. Swediaur. 



HAMAMELIS. 
Witch Hazel. 

The Hamamelis Virginica is a large native 
shrub, found along streams in most parts of the 
country, presenting several varieties. 

Sex. Syst. Tetrand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Hama- 
melidaceEe. 

Pursh. Fl. Am. i. 116. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
350. 

The parts used are the bark and leaves. 
These are bitter and astringent, leaving a sen- 
sation of sweetness. They are considered seda- 
tive, astringent and tonic, and useful in bowel 
affections and hemorrhages, and externally as an 
application to tumours, painful hemorrhoids, &c. 
They are used in infusion, decoction, or poultice. 



HEDEOMA. 

Pennyroyal. 



Hedeoma pulegioides is a small, annual, aro- 
matic plant, abundant in most parts of the United 
States, growing in dry, sterile situations. 

Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Sex. Syst. Lauriaceoe. 

Persoon. Synop. ii. 131. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
508. 

The whole plant is used. It has a warm, 
pungent taste, and a powerful aromatic odor. It 
is a stimulating aromatic, used to obviate nausea 
and relieve flatulence, and also, in domestic 
practice, as an emmenagogue. 

Infusion op Pennyroyal. 
R. Pennyroyal two drachms 

Boiling water suflicient 

to afford six ounces of strained infusion. 
To be taken freely, in a warm state, at 
bedtime, the feet previously bathed in hot 
water, in amenorrhoea. 

Oil op Pennyroyal. 
R. Pennyroyal at will 

Water sufficient 

Distil, and collect the oil. Dose, two to 
ten drops, in flatulent colic and nausea. 



HELENIUM. 

Sneezewort. 

Sneezewort, or Helenium autumnale, is an in- 
digenous plant, found in wet situations, in most 
parts of the United States, flowering in the 
autumn. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Asteraceee. 

Torrey & Gray, Fl. ii. 384. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
398. 

This plant is almost inodorous, but has a bitter, 
somewhat pungent, acrid taste. It is tonic, dia- 
phoretic, and powerfully errhine; this latter 
property is most developed in the flowers, and 
especially the central florets ; these, when pow- 
dered, may be used in those cases to which err- 
hines are applicable. 



HELIANTHEMUM. 

PROSTWEED. 

The Helianthemum Canadense is a native pe- 
rennial plant, growing in many parts of the 
United States, in dry, sandy soils. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. monog. Nat. Syst. Cistacese. 

Mich. Fl. i. 308. Darlington, Fl. Cest. 313. 

It has little or no odor, but an astringent, some- 
what aromatic, bitterish taste. It is tonic and 
astringent, and has proved beneficial in scrofula. 



HELLEBORUS. 
Black Hellebore. 

Several species of Helleborus are possessed of 
almost identical medical properties, but the only 
one used in this country, is H. nigra, so called on 
account of the color of its roots. It is a native 
of mountain woods, in many parts of Europe, 
and is cultivated as an ornamental flowering 
plant. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Ranun- 
culaceEe. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 783. Griffith, Med. Bot. 85. 

The parts used are the small fibres, or roots, 
which are about as thick as straw, and black ; 
they proceed from a rhizome or caudex, and 
have a somewhat nauseous odor, and a bitter, un- 
pleasant, acrid taste. Black hellebore is a dras- 
tic hydragogue purgative ; having, also, con- 
siderable emmenagogue powers. The dose in 
powder is from ten to twenty grains, as a purge; 
two or three grains, as an alterative. 

Compound Black Hellebore Pills. 
R. Powdered black 

hellebore fifteen grain* 

Calomel five grains 

Powdered ipecacuanha three grains 

Syrup of ginger sufficient 

Mix, and make four pills. Two to be 

taken every four hours, in dropsy, till full 

purgation is caused. Ainslic. 



230 HEMIDESMUS. 

Extract of Black Hellebore. 
R. Powdered black hellebore at will 

Exhaust by means of the displacement 
process, with cold diluted alcohol. Distil 
off the alcohol, and evaporate to proper 
consistence. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, ten to fifteen grains, as a drastic purge. 

Vino-Alcoholic Extract of Black 
Hellebore. 
R. Powdered black hellebore two pounds 
Carbonate of potassa half a pound 
Diluted alcohol eight pints 

Macerate for twelve hours, express, and 
pour on the residuum 

White wine eight pints 

Digest for twenty-four hours, express, mix 
the two tinctures and evaporate. 

Cottereau. 
Dose, ten to fifteen grains. 



Compound Pills of Extract of Black 

Hellebore. 
R. Vino-alcoholic extract of 
black hellebore 
Extract of myrrh, each, two ounces 
Powder of blessed thistle one ounce 
Beat together, and form pills of one grain. 
Ten to twenty a-day, in amenorrhoea, 
dropsy, &c. Radius. 

These pills are much used in Europe, under 
the name of Bacher's pills. 

R . Extract of black hellebore 

Assafetida 

Gum ammoniac 

Soap, each, two drachms 

Rhubarb sufficient 

Beat into mass, and form pills of two 
grains. Dose, ten to twelve, morning and 
evening, as a purgative and emmena- 
gogue. Augurtin. 

Tincture of Black Hellebore. 
R. Bruised black hellebore four ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 

Used as an emmenagogue. in doses of thirty 
drops to a fl. drachm, night and morning, watch- 
ing its action. 

Mixture with Tincture of Black 
Hellebore. 
R. Tincture of black 

hellebore half a fl. ounce 

Tincture of myrrh one fl. ounce 

Spanish flies two fl. drachms 
Mix. 

Thirty drops, three times a day, in sugar and 
water, as an emmenagogue. 



Compound Wine of Black Helle- 
bore. 
R. Bruised black hellebore one ounce 
wormwood a handful 

White wine four pints 

Macerate for three days, express, and fil- 
ter. Two to three spoonfuls, in the 
morning, fasting. In dropsy. Brunner. 

Ointment of Black Hellebore. 
R. Powdered black 

hellebore one to two drachms 

Lard one ounce 

Mix. As an application to obstinate her- 
petic eruptions. Souberian. 



HEMIDESMUS. 

Indian Sarsaparilla. 

The H. indicus is a native of many parts of 
India. It is a climbing plant, and has been 
long used in the East as an efficient medicinal 
agent, but was almost unknown in Europe, or 
this country, until about 1819. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Ascle- 
piadaceas. 

Brown, Hort. Kev. ii. 75. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 453. 

The root, which is the part used, is long, tor- 
tuous, rugose, with longitudinal furrows ; it is 
brownish, externally, and has a peculiar and 
somewhat aromatic odor, and a bitterish taste. 
It has the properties of sarsaparilla ; and like it, 
is given in infusion, decoction, &c. These are 
made in the same manner as those of sarsapa- 
rilla, and given in the same doses, and in simi- 
lar diseases. 

Syrup of Indian Sarsaparilla. 
R. Indian sarsaparilla half a pound 

Boiling water one pint 

Digest in a covered vessel, with a gentle 
heat, for three or four hours, strain, add 
twice the weight of sugar, and make 
syrup. Bcasley. 

Mixture of Indian Sarsaparilla. 
R. Indian sarsaparilla ten drachms 

Extract of liquorice ten grains 

Distilled water ten fl. ounces 

Digest for twelve hours, strain, heat to 
180°, and again strain. One-third, three 
times a-day. Beasley. 

R. Syrup of Indian sarsaparilla five ounces 

Solution of potassa half to one fl. 

drachm 

Orange-flower water one fl. ounce 

One fl. ounce, thrice a-day, in barley 
water. For gonorrhoea. Bellinarye. 

Infusion of Indian Sarsaparilla. 
R. Indian sarsaparilla two ounces 

Lime water one pint 



HEPATICA— HORDEUM. 



231 



Infuse in a close vessel for twelve hours. 
Dose, a wineglassful. Ashburner. 

Decoction op Indian Sarsaparilla. 
R. Indian sarsaparilla two ounces 

Water one pint and a-half 

Boil down to one pint. To be taken dur- 
ing the day, in wineglassful doses. Pereira. 



HEPATICA. 

Liverwort. 

The H. triloba is a small native plant, found in 
most parts of the United States, and also in the 
northern regions of Europe and Asia, having 
three lobed leaves, and presenting two marked 
varieties: one with the lobes of the leaves 
rounded, the other with them acute. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Ranun- 
culacese. 

Torrey & Gray, Fl. i. 14. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
81. 

The whole herb is used. It is inodorous, and 
has a mucilaginous, slightly astringent and bitter- 
ish taste. It is a very mild, demulcent tonic and 
astringent, and was much employed at one time 
as a deobstruent in herpetic affections, and also 
as a remedy in diseases of the lungs. Its powers, 
however, are very slight. It is given in infu- 
sion ; to be taken freely. 



HERACLEUM. 

Masterwort. 



This is the root of Herackum lanatum, a very 
large, perennial plant, found in many parts of the 
United States, in waste places. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiacese. 

Torrey & Gray, Fl. i. 632. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
335. 

The part used is the root ; this resembles the 
parsnip in appearance, but has a rank, unplea- 
sant odor, and a pungent, acrid taste. It is said 
to be diuretic, expectorant, and antispasmodic, 
and has proved useful in epilepsy, attended with 
a disordered condition of the digestive organs. 
In doses of two or three drachms daily. It is 
also used in strong decoction, in dyspepsia with 
flatulence and cardialgia. 



HEUCHERA. 

Alum Root. 

Most of the species of Hcuchera are possessed 
of identical properties, but the only one recog- 
nized by the U. S. Pharmacopoeia is H. Americana. 
This is an indigenous plant, growing in shady, 
rocky situations, in most parts of the country. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Saxifra- 
gacese. 

Torrey & Gray, Fl. i. 578. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
313. 

The root is rugose, irregular, yellowish, almost 
inodorous, and of a strong, styptic taste. It is a 



powerful astringent, and may be employed in 
such cases as require medicines of this class. 



HORDEUM. 
Barley. 



There are several species of Hordeum, but 
those usually cultivated in this country are H. 
vulgare and H. distichon, the latter of which is 
recognized as officinal. The native country of 
these is unknown, but they have been cultivated 
from the earliest ages. 

Sex. Syst. Triand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Grami- 
nacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 125. Griffith, Med. Bot. 664. 

The seeds are used in various forms ; in that 
of meal, malt, pearl barley, &c. They are one 
of the mildest and least irritating of the cerealia, 
and are much used in decoction, &c, as a nutri- 
tive and demulcent drink. 

Prepared Barley Meal. 
R Barley meal at will 

Tie it in a linen or cotton cloth, and boil 
it for twelve hours, then let it cool, re- 
move the outer crust, and pulverize the 
centre. A useful diet, boiled with milk, 
in bowel diseases. Hanover Ph. 

R. Barley meal twelve ounces 

Sugar four ounces 

Powdered cinnamon half a drachm 
Mix, and place in a proper vessel, cover- 
ing with wheat dough, put in an oven and 
bake, remove, cool, and pulverize. Half 
an ounce to two ounces, cooked with water 
or milk, forms an excellent diet, in debi- 
litated conditions of the system. Taddei. 

Barley Sugar. 
R. Decoction of barley a pint and a-half 
Sugar two pounds 

Boil to proper consistence, and form lozen- 
ges or rolls. As a demulcent in catarrh. 
Giordano. 

Decoction op Barley. 
R. Pearl barley two ounces 

Water four pints and a-half 

Wash the barley in cold water, drain, pour 
on it half a pint of the water, boil for a 
short time, drain off this water, add the 
remainder in a boiling state, and boil down 
to one-half, and strain. U. S. Ph. 

As a nutritive and demulcent drink in febrile 
and inflammatory diseases. 

Compound Decoction op Barley. 

R. Decoction of barley two pints 

Sliced figs two ounces and a-half 

liquorice root five drachms 

Stoned raisins two ounces and a-half 



232 



HUMULUS— HYDRARGYRUM. 



Water one pint 

Mix, and boil down to two pints, and strain. 
Lond. Ph. 
A demulcent, nutritive, and somewhat laxa- 
tive drink. 

Barley Water with Nitrate of 

Potassa. 

R. Decoction of barley one pint 

Nitrate of potassa two drachms 

Lemon juice one fl. ounce ! 

Mix. To be used warm as a diaphoretic 

drink. Ellis. 



HUMULUS. 
Hops. 

By this is meant the strobiles of the Humulus 
lupulus. a climbing vine, a native of Europe, and 
probably of this country. It is extensively cul- 
tivated for its aments or strobiles, which are 
largely employed in the preparation of malt 
liquors, and also in medicine. 

Sex. Syst. Dicec. pentand. Nat. Syst. Carina- 
binacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1457. Griffith, Med. Bot. 574. 

Hops consist of thin, somewhat translucent, 
leaf-like scales, of a greenish yellow color, having, 
near their base, two small, round, dark seeds. 
Their odor is strong and peculiar, somewhat 
narcotic, and fragrant; their taste is bitter, aro- 
matic, and somewhat astringent. These proper- 
ties depend on a peculiar secretion, called Lnpu- 
line (q. v.). Hops are tonic, and slightly narcotic, 
and are used in various conditions of the system. 
The dose, in substance, is from half a drachm 
to a drachm, but it is seldom administered in 
this form. 

Infusion of Hops. 

R. Hops half an ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, 

and strain. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one to two fl. ounces, in dyspepsia, ner- 
vous tremors, &c. 

Extract of Hops. 
R. Hops at will 

Diluted alcohol sufficient 

Treat in a displacement apparatus, distil 
off the alcohol, and evaporate the residue. 
Dose, from ten to thirty grains. Cottereau. 

Hop Mixture. 

R. Extract of hops two drachms 

Water of hops seven fl. ounces 

Tincture of hops half fl. ounce 

Syrup of orange peel one fl. ounce 

Mix. A tablespoonful every hour, as a 

tonic and stomachic. Niemann. 



Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, from one to three fl. drachms, as a tonic, 
and narcotic, especially in the wakefulness and 
tremors of drunkards. 

Alkaline Tincture of Hops. 
R. Hops 

Centaury, each, one ounce 

Peel of bitter orange two drachms 
Carbonate of potassa one scruple 

Diluted alcohol eighteen fl. ounces 
Macerate for eight days, express, and 
filter. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. 

Cataplasm of Hops. 

R. Hops one pound 

Flaxseed meal two ounces 

Beer sufficient 

Mix. As an application to bruises and 

indolent tumors. Radius. 

OinTxMent of Hops. 
R. Hops two ounces 

Lard ten ounces 

Digest for some hours by a gentle heat, 
express, and strain; recommended to re- 
lieve the pain of cancerous sores. 

Swediaur. 



Tincture of Hops. 



R. 



Hops 

Diluted alcohol 



five ounces 
two pints 



HYDRARGYRUM. 

Mercury. 

Mercury is a brilliant, silver-white, fluid me- 
tal, having neither taste nor smell. It becomes 
solid at 39°, and hoils at 656°. Mercury, in 
masses, does not appear to act on the system, 
but when in a state of great division, it produces 
marked and peculiar effects. It acts as an alter- 
ative, deobstruent, sialagogue, &c. It has been 
employed in almost all diseases, in some of its 
preparations, each of which has some peculiar- 
ity of action. 

Purified Mercury. 
R. Mercury six parts 

Distil off four parts, very slowly. 

Dub. Ph. 

Mercury with Antimony. 
R. Mercury four parts 

Crude antimony three parts 

Sulphur two parts 

Triturate together till the mercury disap- 
pears. As a diaphoretic and alterative. 
Dose, one to four grains. Giordano. 

This preparation is much used in France and 
Germany, under the name of antimonial ethiops. 

Compound Mercurial Powder. 
R. Powdered resin of 

guaiacum one drachm 

Mercury with antimony 
Magnesia, each, one scruple 



HYDRARGYRUM. 233 



Mix. To be taken in two days, in divid- 
ed doses, in chronic exanthematous affec- 
tions. Hufelancl. 

R. Mercury with anti- 
mony twenty-four grains 

Subcarbonate of soda eighteen grains 

Powdered sassafras 

Sugar, each, one drachm 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One 
to be taken daily, in chronic diseases of 
the skin. Sundelin. 

Pills op Mercury and Antimony. 

R. Mercury one drachm 

Crude antimony four scruples 

Flowers of sulphur two scruples 

Extract of opium one scruple 

Triturate till mercury disappears, with 

Syrup of mallows sufficient 

Divide into one hundred and fifty pills. 
Dose, five or six a-day. Highly spoken 
of by Huxham, in venereal pains, scrof- 
ula, &c. Baldinger. 

R. Mercury with antimony one drachm 
Extract of hemlock two drachms 

Soap half an ounce 

Galbanum 

Extract of ox gall, each, half a drachm 
Beat into mass, and form pills of two 
grains. Dose, eight to ten, three times 
a-day, in scirrhus of the pylorus. Radius. 

Mercury with Chalk. 
R. Mercury three ounces 

Prepared chalk five ounces 

Rub together till all the globules disap- 
pear. " JJ. S. Ph. 



A mild preparation, well suited as an 
tive in complaints of children. Dose, five grains 
to half a drachm, twice a-day, for adults, two or 
three grains for a child. 

Mercury and Chalk. 
R. Mercury three ounces 

Resin six drachms 

Prepared chalk five ounces 

Alcohol sufficient 

Make a paste with the resin, and a small 
quantity of the alcohol ; then add the mer- 
cury, which may be extinguished in a 
short time ; add the chalk and alcohol gra- 
dually, so as to keep up the pasty consist- 
ence ; then add sufficient alcohol to dissolve 
out the resin, and wash the powder on a 
filter, and dry. 

Dr. Stewart, modified by P. Lehman. 

Mercury and Chalk with Ipecac- 
uanha. 

R. Mercury with chalk one scruple 



Powdered ipecacuanha ten grains 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
night and morning, in syrup. In dyspep- 
sia with biliary derangement. Paris. 

Mercury and Chalk Liniment. 
R. Mercury 

Prepared chalk, each, half an ounce 
Triturate till globules disappear, and add 

Honey of roses two ounces 

Mix well. As a dressing to venereal ul- 
cers. Bories. 

Mercury and Gum. 
R. Mercury one part 

Gum Arabic two parts 

Make a mucilage with a quarter of the 
gum, rub the mercury with it till extin- 
guished, add the remainder of the gum, 
with as much water as is required, mix 
well, dry by a gentle heat, and pulverize. 
Paris Cod. 

Pills of Mercury and Gum with 
Hemlock. 
R. Mercury one part 

Gum Arabic two parts 

Syrup of violets four parts 

Triturate till mercury is extinguished, and 
add 

Extract of hemlock one part 

Powdered liquorice sufficient 

Mix well, and form pills of two grains. 
Two to four, twice a-day, as alterative. 

Plenck. 

Mercurial Mucilage op Gum Arabic. 
R. Mercury one part 

Gum Arabic two parts 

Water sufficient 

Triturate till the mercury is extinguished. 
This is a good preparation of mercury ; it 
is given in the dose of two teaspoonfuls, in 
syrup or mucilage, morning and night, as 
an alterative or anthelmintic. Beral. 

Mercurial Gargle. 

R. Mercury half a drachm 

Gum Arabic three drachms 

Syrup of poppies half an ounce 

Calomel six grains 

Triturate till mercury is extinguished, and 

add 

Decoction of 

clematis twenty-six fl. ounces 

Honey of roses one ounce 

Essence of myrrh one drachm 

Mix. As a gargle in syphilitic angina, 

and ozena. Plenck. 

Mercurial Lotion. 
R. Mercury one drachm 



234 



HYDRARGYRUM. 



Gum Arabic four drachms 

Syrup of poppies sufficient 

Rub together till globules disappear, and 
add gradually, constantly rubbing, 

Boiling milk eight fl. ounces 

As a lotion in gonorrhoea! ophthalmia, 
ulcers on the penis, and also as a gargle 
in venereal sore throat. Plenck. 

Mercury with Magnesia. 
R. Purified mercury 

Manna, each, two parts 

Carbonate of magnesia one part 

Rub the mercury with the manna, adding 
a little water, till globules disappear ; add 
one-eighth part of the magnesia, still rub- 
bing, when mixed ; then sixteen parts of 
hot water, and agitate ; let sediment sub- 
side ; then decant, and repeat washing, till 
all the manna is removed ; mix the residue 
with remainder of magnesia, and dry. 

Dub. Ph. 

A mild mercurial, well suited as an alterative 
in children, especially when there is constipa- 
tion. Dose, the same as mercury with chalk. 

Mercurial Blue Pills. 

R. Mercury one ounce 

Confection of roses one ounce and a-half 

Powdered liquorice root half an ounce 

Bub the mercury with the confection, till 

all the globules disappear, add the liquorice 

root, and beat into mass. Divide into four 

hundred and eighty pills. U. S. Ph. 

One of the mildest and best of the mercurial 

preparations. From five to fifteen grains as a 

purgative; one pill every night, or every other 

night, as alterative ; one pill, two or three times 

a-day, as an alterative. Each pill contains one 

grain of mercury. 

Blue Pill with Jalap. 
R. Blue pill 

Powdered jalap 

aloes, each, fifteen grains 
Mix, and form twelve pills; three at night, 
as a purgative. Ellis. 

Blue Pill with Rhubarb. 
R. Blue pill nine grains 

Powdered rhubarb 

Bicarbonate of soda, each, twelve grains 

Aromatic syrup of rhubarb sufficient 

Beat into mass, and form twelve pills. 

One, twice or thrice a-day, as an alterative, 

in hepatic derangement. Hartshorne. 

Blue Pill with Colocynth. 
R. Blue pill 

Extract of colocynth, each, five grains 

Oil of caraway two drops 

Mix, and make two pills. A very active 

purgative. Ellis. 



Blue Pill and Quinia. 
R. Blue pill 

Sulphate of quinia 

Powdered aloes, each, twelve grains 
Aromatic syrup of rhubarb sufficient 
Beat into mass, and form twelve pills. 
One, twice to four times a-day, as a tonic 
alterative in deranged condition of liver, 
consequent to fevers. Ellis. 

Compound Mercurial Pills. 
R. Blue pill five grains 

Powdered ipecacuanha two grains 

Camphor one grain and a-half 

Syrup of ginger sufficient 

Mix, and make two pills. One, morning 
and evening, in hepatitis, till mouth is 
affected. Ainslie. 

R . Blue pill four grains 

Compound powder of squill six grains 
Powdered ipecacuanha two grains 

Syrup of ginger sufficient 

Mix, and make three pills. To be taken 
in a day; in hepatic obstruction, threaten- 
ing dropsy. Ainslie. 
R. Blue pill 

Antimonial pow- 
der, each, two and a-half grains 
Opium half a grain 

Syrup of ginger sufficient 

Make a pill. To be taken at bedtime; in 
venereal blotches, attended with diarrhoea. 
Ainslie. 

Abernethy's Pill. 
R . Blue pill ten grains 

Powdered jalap twenty grains 

Syrup of buckthorn sufficient 

Mix well, and divide into six pills. Two 
at night, with a wineglassful of infusion 
of senna, in the morning. Gooley. 

Mercurial Mixture. 
R. Mercury six drachms 

Syrup of poppies one ounce 

Triturate till globules disappear, and add 
Orange-flower water two fl. ounces 
Rose water one fl. ounce 

Mix well. Dose, a spoonful, morning and 
night, in gastrodynia and spasmodic vomit- 
ing. Cadet de Gassicourt. 

Mercurial Ointment. 
R. Mercury two pounds 

Lard twenty-three ounces 

Suet one ounce 

Rub the mercury with the suet and a little 
of the lard, till the globules disappear; 
add the remainder of the lard, mixing 
well. U. S. Ph. 



HYDRARGYRI ACETAS. 



This is the strong mercurial ointment. It can 
he weakened by the addition of lard, as may be 
wished. Used as an inunction to mercurialize 
the system, by rubbing about a drachm on inside 
of thighs, twice a-day. 

R. Mercury two pounds 

Lard, rendered rancid by 
exposure in a damp, di- 
vided state four ounces 
Lard nineteen ounces 
Suet one ounce 
Triturate the mercury and rancid lard, 
until the globules disappear, then add the 
lard and suet, and triturate until the tex- 
ture of the mass is uniform. W. Procter. 

Camphorated Mercurial Ointment. 
R. Mercurial ointment one ounce 

Camphor one drachm 

Mix. Used like the former; also to dis- 
perse indolent swellings. 

Mercurial Cataplasm. 

R. Mercurial ointment half an ounce 
Camphor two drachms 

Boiling milk three ounces 

Crumb of bread sufficient 

Mix, and form cataplasm. Radius. 

Mercurial Cerate. 
R. Mercurial ointment 

Simple cerate equal parts 

Mix well. As a dressing to venereal ul- 
cers. Guibourt. 

Compound Mercurial Cerate. 
R. Mercurial ointment 

Soap cerate, each, four ounces 

Camphor one ounce 

Rub well together. Lond. Ph. 

As an application to disperse indolent swell- 
ings. 

Compound Mercurial Liniment. 
R. Mercurial ointment 

Lard, each, four ounces 

Camphor one ounce 

Rectified spirit one fl. drachm 

Solution of ammonia four fl. ounces 

Rub the camphor with the spirit, then with 

the lard and mercurial ointment ; lastly, add 

gradually the solution of ammonia, and 

mix well. Lond. Ph. 

As a stimulating liniment, in chronic swellings, 
glandular tumors, &c. 

Opiated Mercurial Liniment. 
R . Mercurial ointment four parts 

Oil of sweet almonds forty-eight parts 
Tincture of opium three parts 

Mix well. Advised in inflamed ulcers of 
the glans penis, to be applied two or three 
times a-day. St. Marie. 



235 



Compound Mercurial Ointment. 
R. Mercurial ointment two ounces 

Lard twelve ounces 

Powdered stavesacre three ounces 
Melt the lard, and add the other ingredi- 
ents, mixing well. As an application to 
destroy lice. Giordano. 

R. Mild mercurial ointment eight parts 
Soft soap two parts 

Camphor one part 

Rub well together. Recommended in 
periostitis, and engorgements of the testi- 
cles. Swediaur. 

Mercurial and Belladonna Plaster. 
R. Mercurial ointment one ounce 

Ammoniac six drachms 

Extract of belladonna four drachms 
Hydrocyanic acid thirty drops 

Make mass with ammoniac, and extract 
with a little water, mix mercurial ointment 
and acid, and rub the whole together. Use- 
ful as an application to scirrhous and 
scrofulous tumors. Med.- Ghirurq. Pharm. 



Ointment of Mercury and Bella- 
donna. 
R. Strong mercurial ointment thirty parts 
Extract of belladonna four parts 

opium one part 

Balsam of Peru sufficient 

Mix well, as an application to painful he- 
morrhoidal tumors. Mignot. 

Mercurial Plaster. 
R. Mercury six ounces 

Olive oil 

Resin, each, two ounces 

Lead plaster one pound 

Melt the oil and resin together, and, when 
cool, rub the mercury with them, till the 
globules disappear; gradually add the lead 
plaster, previously melted, and mix well. 
U. S. Ph. 

As an application to buboes, venereal nodes, 
&c. 

R. Mercurial ointment one ounce 

Oil of turpentine 

Camphor, each, two drachms 

Simple cerate one ounce 

Mix well. Used as a rubefacient applica- 
tion over the region of the liver, when 
blisters cannot be used. Ellis. 



HYDRARGYRI ACETAS. 
Acetate of Mercury. 

Acetate op Protoxide of Mercury. 
R. Protonitrate of mercury one part 



236 HYDRARGYRUM AMMONIATUM— HYDRARGYRI BROMIDUM. 



Distilled water six parts 

Dissolve the salt in water, acidified with a 
little nitric acid, add a solution of acetate 
of soda or potassa, filter, wash, and dry 
the precipitate. Beral. 

Pills op Acetate of Mercury. 
R. Red oxide of mercury one pound 

Distilled vinegar eight pints 

Dissolve, and triturate a pint of this solu- 
tion with 

Flake manna two pounds 

Rubbing the mixture for a long time, dry 
before the fire, often stirring ; when of a 
proper consistence, form pills of a grain 
and a-half. Ghiibourt. 

These pills were highly esteemed under the 
name of Keysets pills. They contain, at first, 
the acetate of the deutoxide, but this gradually 
changes to the acetate of the protoxide, then to 
an oxide ; therefore, the following have been sub- 
stituted. 

R. Acetate of mercury 
Flake manna 

Powdered gum Arabic, each, one scruple 

Rose water sufficient 

Beat into mass, and form twenty pills. As 

a sialagogue, three to be taken at night, or 

one three times a-day. Ellis. 

Pills of Acetate of Mercury and 
Opium. 
R. Acetate of mercury 
Opium 

Camphor, each, thirty grains 

Syrup of poppies sufficient 

Mix, and make thirty pills. Garmichacl. 

Solution of Acetate of Mercury. 
R . Acetate of mercury ten or twelve grains 
Rose water five fl. ounces 

Dissolve. As a lotion in obstinate cutane- 
ous affections. Niemann. 

Liniment of Acetate of Mercury. 
R. Acetate of mercury one part 

Olive oil two parts 

Lard six parts 

Rub the salt with a little of the lard, and 
then add gradually the remainder, and 
then the oil, constantly rubbing. Used 
as an application in herpes. Van Maws. 



Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in the 
water, with the aid of heat, and when cold 
add the solution of ammonia, frequently 
stirring. Wash the precipitate thoroughly, 
and dry it. U. S. Ph. 

This is seldom, if ever, used, except as an 
external remedy. U. S. Ph. 

Ointment op White Precipitate. 

R. White precipitate one drachm 

Simple ointment one ounce and a-half 

Soften the ointment over a gentle fire, and 

mix the white precipitate. U. JS. Ph. 

As an application to cutaneous eruptions. 



HYDRARGYRI BORAS. 

Borate of Mercury. 
R. Calomel twenty-two parts 

Borate of soda twenty-six parts 

Triturate together; in a quarter of an hour 
add a little water, then gradually, more 
constantly rubbing, permit to settle, decant, 
wash the precipitate till the washings are 
insipid, and dry. Van Moms. 

The borate of mercury is said to resemble 
calomel in its action. Dose, two grains a-day, 
gradually augmenting. 



HYDRARGYRUM AMMONIA- 
TUM. 
White Precipitate. 
R. Corrosive sublimate six ounces 

Distilled water one gallon 

Solution of ammonia eight fl. ounces 



HYDRARGYRI BROMIDUM. 

Bromide of Mercury. 

There are two bromides of mercury; one the 
protobromide, answering to calomel ; the other 
the bibromide, like corrosive sublimate, an irri- 
tant poison. 

Protobromide of Mercury. 
R. Solution of bromide of potassium at will 
Add a weak solution of protonitrate of 
mercury, as long as it causes a precipitate; 
wash this, and dry by a gentle heat. Dose, 
one grain a-day, gradually increased, as an 
alterative; in four or five grains as a pur- 
gative. Magendie. 

Bibromide of Mercury. 
R. Bromine 

Mercury, each, equal parts 

Mix, and sublime. Dose, one-twentieth of 
a grain, gradually increased to a fourth. 
In syphilis. Magendie. 

Ethereal Solution of Bro3iide of 

Mercury. 
R. Bibromide of mercury one grain 

Sulphuric ether one fl. drachm 

Dissolve. Dose, ten to twenty drops, in 
barley water. In syphilis and lepra. 

Wernech. 



HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM CORROSIVUM. 



237 



HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM 
CORROSIVUM. 

Corrosive Sublimate. 

Corrosive sublimate is a very energetic and 
poisonous preparation, requiring much care in 
its exhibition. It will produce the usual effects 
of the other mercurials, but is less apt to salivate. 
It is much used in secondary syphilis, and as 
an alterative, and also as an external application, 
a stimulant, and escharotic. The best antidote, 
when poisonous doses have been taken, is albu- 
men, followed by an emetic. 

Solution of Corrosive Sublimate. 

R. Corrosive sublimate 

Muriate of ammonia, each, ten grains 
Distilled water (imp. meas.) one pint 

Dissolve. Lond. Ph. 

A fl. ounce contains half a grain of the mer- 
curial salt. The dose is from one to four fl. 
drachms, in some mucilaginous drink. 

Alcoholic Solution of Corrosive 
Sublimate. 
R . Corrosive sublimate one to two grains 
Diluted alcobol four fl. ounces 

Dissolve. A tablespoonful, night and morn- 
ing, in decoction of sarsaparilla. Ellis. 

Powder op Corrosive Sublimate and 
Copper. 

R. Corrosive sublimate 

Sulphate of copper, each, ten grains 
Nitrate of silver six grains 

Mix. Applied to venereal excrescences, 

previously moistened with water. Kruzer. 

Powder of Corrosive Sublimate and 

Zinc. 
R. Corrosive sublimate 

Sulphate of zinc equal parts 

Mix. In onychia maligna, sprinkled on the 
sore, and covered with lint soaked in tinc- 
ture of myrrh. Perkins. 

Pills of Corrosive Sublimate. 
R. Corrosive sublimate five grains 

Distilled water thirty to forty drops 

Confection of roses one scruple 

Powdered liquorice sufficient 

Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in the 
water, and add the other articles, and rub 
well together. Make forty pi lis. One, from 
three to four times a-day, in syphilis. 

Ellis. 

Compound Pills of Corrosive 

Sublimate. 

R. Corrosive sublimate half a grain 

Extract of Peruvian bark ten grains 
opium half a grain 

Powdered Peruvian bark sufficient 
Beat together, and make two pills. One, 



morning and evening. Each contains a 
quarter of a grain of the mercurial salt. 
They require much caution in their use. 
In syphilis. Dupuytren. 

R. Corrosive sublimate six grains 

Dissolve in 

Distilled water sufficient 

and add 

Extract of hemlock one drachm 

Powdered hemlock sufficient 

Beat into mass, and make forty-eight pills, 
to be given like the above. Each pill 
contains an eighth of a grain of corrosive 
sublimate. Ellis. 

Corrosive Sublimate Mixture. 
R. Corrosive sublimate four grains 

Muriate of ammonia eight grains 

Diluted alcohol two fl. ounces 

Mix. A teaspoonful twice a-day, in barley 
water, in syphilis. Ainslie. 

R. Corrosive sublimate eight grains 

Muriatic acid twenty-four drops 

Comp. tincture carda- 
mom eight fl. ounces 
Mix. Dose, two drachms, morning and 
evening, in a wineglassful of sugar and 
water. In syphilis. Guibourt. 
R. Corrosive sublimate two grains 

Distilled water six fl. ounces 

Spirit of cinnamon 

Syrup, each, one fl. ounce 

Mix. One or two spoonfuls, twice or 
thrice a-day, in venereal cases. Ellis. 

Lotion of Corrosive Sublimate. 
R. Corrosive sublimate three to six grains 
Distilled water sufficient 

Dissolve, and add 

Extract of hemlock 

chamomile, each, 

two drachms 

Tincture of opium one fl. drachm 

Honey of roses one ounce 

Mix. As an application to venereal ulcers, 

in the throat, and on the labia pudendi. 

Rust. 
R. Corrosive sublimate one drachm 

Distilled water six fl. ounces 

Dissolve, and add 

Muriate of ammonia two drachms 

Nitrate of potassa half an ounce 

Dissolve. As a wash in itch. Good. 

Cosmetic Lotion with Corrosive Sub- 
limate. 
R . Blanched sweet almonds one ounce 
bitter almonds four drachms 
Cherry water ten fl. ounces 



2cix 



HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM MITE. 



Make an emulsion, and add 

Corrosive sublimate six grains 

Tincture of benzoin six fl. dracbms 
Lemon juice four fl. dracbms 

Mix. As a wash for eruptions on tbe face, 
to be used morning and evening, previously 
to be shaken. It must be used with cau- 
tion. Cadet de Gassicourt. 

Lotion of Corrosive Sublimate and 

Copper. 

R. Corrosive sublimate two grains 

Acetate of copper six grains 

Distilled water two pints 

Dissolve. As a wash in obstinate porrigo. 

Augustin. 

'Lotion of Corrosive Sublimate and 

Camphor. 

R. Corrosive sublimate half a drachm 

Camphor one drachm 

Diluted alcohol one ounce 

Dissolve. As an application to destroy 

condylomata. Phoebus. 

Bateman's Mercurial Lotion. 
R. Corrosive sublimate two grains 

Compound spirit of 

lavender one fl. ounce 

Distilled water four fl. ounces 

Dissolve. As a lotion in obstinate cutane- 
ous eruptions. Bateman. 

Antacrid Tincture. 
R. Powdered resin of guaiacum 

Canada balsam, each, one ounce 

Corrosive sublimate one scruple 

Oil of sassafras two fl. drachms 

Alcohol eight fl. ounces 

Dissolve the mercurial salt in one-half the 

alcohol, and then add the remainder, and 

the other ingredients ; after a due digestion, 

filter. Ten to twenty drops, morning and 

evening, in wine or water, in syphilis. 

Ellis. 

COLLYRIUM OF CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE. 

R. Corrosive sublimate two grains 

Opium ten grains 

Rose water four fl. ounces 

Dissolve, and add 

Mucilage of quince seeds half an ounce 

Mix. Van Mons. 

Injection of Corrosive Sublimate. 
R. Corrosive sublimate three grains 

Water of rosemary 

Distilled water, each, three fl. ounces 
Dissolve. As an injection in fistula lachry- 
malis. Beer. 

R. Corrosive sublimate one drachm 

Alcohol one fl. ounce 



Dissolve, add from five to twenty drops to 
a solution of 

Sulphate of zinc five to ten grains 
In 

Water four fl. ounces 

A drachm to be injected into the urethra, 
three times a-day, in gonorrhoea. 

Whately. 
Yellow Wash. 
R. Corrosive sublimate one to three grains 

Lime water one fl. ounce 

Dissolve. Ellis. 

R. Corrosive sublimate one scruple 

Carbonate of potassa one drachm 

Rub together, and add gradually 

Distilled water one pint 

Mix. Span. Ph. 

These preparations are employed as lotions to 
venereal and phagedenic ulcers, and should be 
shaken up when used. 

Cosmetic Wash. 
R. Blanched bitter almonds six ounces 

Beef tea sixty-four ounces 

Make an emulsion, and add 

Corrosive sublimate half an ounce 

Lemon juice ten ounces 

Solution of carbonate of 

potassa half an ounce 

Incorporate gradually 

White of egg six ounces 

Strain, and add 

Camphor, rubbed with 

mucilage gum Arabic half a drachm 
Mix well. It is said to be an effectual 
wash for eruptions on the face, but must 
be used with extreme caution, and very 
seldom. Van Mons. 



HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM 
MITE. 

Calomel. 

Calomel is prepared by several modes, on 
the large scale, and is seldom or never made by 
the apothecary. The several processes will be 
found, with judicious observations on each, in 
the U. S. Dispensatory. It is used in almost 
every disease, either as purgative, alterative, an- 
thelmintic, &c. As a purgative it is peculiar, 
in not producing effects in proportion to the 
dose. 

Powder of Calomel and Antimony. 
R. Calomel 

Golden sulphuret of 

antimony equal parts 

Triturate together. This powder has been 
much celebrated under the name of Plum- 
mets Alterative, as a deobstruent and al- 
terative. The dose is from five to ten 



HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM MITE. 



grains a-day, in divided doses. It should 
be used recently prepared, as in a short 
time it changes to sulphuret of mercury, 
and oxide of antimony. Guibourt. 

Powder op Calomel and Jalap. 
R. Calomel five grains 

Powdered jalap ten grains 

Mix. As a purgative, to be mixed with 
syrup or molasses. Ellis. 

R. Calomel three grains 

Powdered jalap 

Sugar, each, ten grains 

Mix. Make a powder to be taken at 
night, or early in the morning, in bilious 
fevers, and obstructed bowels. 

A. T. Thomson. 

Powder op Calomel, Antimony, and 

Henbane. 
R. Calomel one grain 

Glolden sulphuret of 

antimony three grains 

Powdered extract of 

henbane one grain 

Powdered sugar half a drachm 

Mix. To be taken night and morning, in 

spasmodic diseases; is said to have proved 

very useful in nyctalopia. Phoebus. 

Powder of Calomel, Jalap, and Rhu- 

barb. 
R. Calomel 

Powdered jalap 

rhubarb, each, five grains 

Oil of cinnamon one drop 

Mix. As a purgative, to be given in 

syrup or molasses. Ellis. 

Powder op Calomel and Foxglove. 
R. Calomel three grains 

Powdered foxglove four grains 

Sugar one drachm 

Mix, and divide into twelve powders. 
Two a-day, in chronic hydrocephalus. 

Berends. 

Powder op Calomel, Nitrate op 
Potassa, &c. 
R. Calomel six grains 

Nitrate of potassa one drachm 

Tartar emetic half a grain 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
every two hours, as a diaphoretic in fe- 
brile affections. Ellis. 

Powder op Calomel and Opium. 

R. Calomel sixteen grains 

Powdered opium four grains 

ipecacuanha eight grains 

Mix, and divide into eight powders. One, 



239 

to be taken every hour or two. In dys- 
entery. Chapman. 

Powder op Calomel and Gamboge. 
R. Calomel five grains 

Powdered gamboge six to ten grains 
Mix. As an anthelmintic. 
R. Calomel 

Powdered gamboge 



rhubarb 

cinnamon, each, two drachms 
Mix. Dose, five to twenty grains. 

A. T. Thomson. 
Anthelmintic Purgative. 
R. Calomel three grains 

Compound powder of 

scammony twelve grains 

Mix. To be taken at once, in cases of 
lumbrici. A. T. Thomson. 

Powder op Calomel and Pink Root. 
R. Calomel four grains 

Powdered pink root ten grains 

Mix. To be taken two mornings in suc- 
cession, also on afternoon of second day, 
followed by a mild purgative, as an anthel- 
mintic for children over four years of age. 

Ellis. 
Dry Collyrium op Calomel. 
R. Calomel 

Powdered sugar, each, half a drachm 

opium ten grains 

Mix. To be blown into the eye, in 

ulcers of the cornea. Radius. 

Calomel Pills. 
R. Calomel half an ounce 

Powdered gum Arabic one drachm 
Syrup sufficient 

Mix the calomel and gum, then beat with 
syrup into mass, and divide into two hun- 
dred and forty pills. U. S. Ph. 
A very convenient form to give calomel, 
whether as purgative, alterative, &c. ; each pill 
contains one grain of calomel. 

Pills of Calomel, Quinia, &c. 

R. Calomel six grains 

Powdered opium three grains 

Sulphate of quinia twelve grains 

Syrup sufficient 

Beat into mass, and form twelve pills. 

One, night and morning, as an alterative 

in conditions following bilious fever. Ellis. 

Pills of Calomel and Acetate op 
Lead. 
R. Acetate of lead half a drachm 

Calomel five grains 

Confection of roses sufficient 



240 



HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM MITE. 



Form mass, and divide into ten pills. One 
to be given every two to four hours, in 
hematamesis, &c. Ellis. 

Pills or Calomel and Dandelion. 

R. Calomel four grains 

Extract of dandelion eighteen grains 

Mix. To be taken in a day, in divided 

doses, in abdominal obstructions. Br era. 

Pills op Calomel, Squill, &c. 
R. Plummer's powder twelve grains 

Gum ammoniac two grains 

Extract of dandelion three grains 
Powdered squill half a drachm 

Beat together, and form pills of three 
grains. Dose, five, three or four times a- 
day, in engorgements of the abdominal 
viscera, with anasarca supervening on in- 
termittent fever. St. Marie. 

Pills of Calomel and Iron. 
R. Calomel 

Golden sulphuret of antimony 

Sulphate of iron 

Myrrh, each, one drachm 

Syrup sufficient 

Beat into mass, and form pills of three 
grains. Dose, four, morning and evening, 
in the same cases as above. Swediaur. 

Pills of Calomel and Catechu. 
R. Powdered catechu 

Balsam copaiba, each, three drachms 

Calomel one scruple 

Syrup of comfrey sufficient 

Beat into mass, and make one hundred and 

fifty pills. Four, thrice a-day, in leucor- 

rhoea or gonorrhoea. St. Marie. 

Compound Calomel Pills. 
R. Calomel 

Oxysulphuret of anti- 
mony, each, two drachms 
Powdered guaiacum resin half an ounce 
Molasses two drachms 
Rub the calomel with the antimony, and 
then with the other ingredients, till well 
incorporated. Lond. Ph. 

These pills are known as Plummer's pills, and 
have been muph employed in chronic rheuma- 
tism, and obstinate cutaneous affections, especi- 
ally when there is a syphilitic taint. The dose 
is from three to six grains, twice a-day. 

R. Calomel two scruples 

Precipitated sulphuret 

of antimony one drachm 

Guaiacum two drachms 

Balsam copaiba sufficient 

Mix, and make sixty pills. Three at 



night, in venereal herpes, till mouth is 
affected; also using frequent tepid baths. 
Ainslie. 
Compound Cathartic Pills. 
R. Powdered compound ex- 
tract of colocynth half an ounce 
Extract of jalap 

Calomel, each, three drachms 

Gamboge two scruples 

Mix, and with water beat into a mass. To 
be divided into one hundred and eighty 
pills. U. S. Ph. 

As a cathartic or laxative, in cases where 
there is derangement of the liver. Dose, as a 
purgative, about ten grains ; as a laxative, one of 
the pills. 

Pills of Calomel and Colocynth. 
R. Compound extract of 

colocynth forty-eight grains 

Calomel one scruple 

Mix, and divide into twenty pills. Two 

or three will act as a cathartic. Ellis. 

Pills op Calomel and Antimony. 
R. Calomel ten grains 

Golden sulphuret of 

antimony one scruple 

Extract of pot marigold 

hemlock, each, two drachms 

Mix, and beat into mass, and form pills of 

two grains. Dose, five, thrice a-day, in 

chronic indurations. Rust. 

R. Calomel six grains 

Kermes mineral twelve grains 

Syrup of elder sufficient 

to make six pills. One every two hours, 

on the decline of peripneumonia, and in 

the cough of children arising from worms. 

Brer a. 

Pills op Calomel and Guaiacum. 

R. Calomel 

Resin of guaiacum, each, two drachms 

Powdered mallows four ounces 

Syrup sufficient 

Form mass, and make pills of four grains. 

Dose, four or five a-day, in syphilis. 

Alibert. 
Pills of Calomel, Jalap, &c. 
R. Calomel 

Resin of jalap 

Compound extract of rhubarb 

Soap equal parts 

Form mass, and make pills of one grain. 

Dose, ten to twelve grains, as purgative 

and anthelmintic. Par. Cod. 

Pills of Calomel and Opium. 
R. Calomel two grains 

Opium half a grain 



Mix 

face. 



HYDRARGYRI ET QUINLffi CHLORIDUM— HYDR. CYANURE 
Thrice a-day, in r 



i;ia of the 
Leslie. 



Electuary with Calomel, &c. 
R. Calomel ten grains 

Powdered rhubarb 

semen contra 

valerian, each, two drachms 
Conserve of worm- 
wood one ounce and a-half 
Oxymel of squill sufficient 
Mix. A drachm to half an ounce, in 
epilepsy, complicated with worms. 

Swecliaur. 

Calomel Ointment. 
R. Calomel ' one drachm 

Rose ointment three drachms 

Mix. As an application in herpes. 

Dupuytren. 
R. Calomel one drachm 

Sublimed sulphur two drachms 

Lard one ounce 

Mix well. In obstinate cutaneous affec- 
tions. Fouquier. 

Ointment or Calomel and Squill. 
R. Calomel 

Powdered squill, each, half a drachm 

Lard two drachms 

Oil of roses four drops 

Mix. In chronic swellings of the joints. 

Dupuytren. 

Ointment op Calomel and Acetate op 

Copper. 
R. Calomel 

Acetate of copper, each, one scruple 
Lard eleven drachms 

Mix well. As an application in porrigo. 
Cadet de Gassicourt. 

Ointment of Calomel, Alum, &c. 
R. Calomel two drachms 

Burnt alum 

White oxide of 

lead, each, half an ounce 

Oil of turpentine two drachms 

Simple cerate one ounce and a-half 
Mix well. As an application to tinea 
capitis, to be applied at night, and washed 
off in the morning. Ellis. 

Calomel and Camphor Ointment. 

R. Calomel half a drachm 

Camphor twelve grains 

Lard one ounce 

Mix. As an application in lichen. Bidt. 

16 



HYDRARGrYRI ET QUINI.E 
CHLORIDUM. 

Chloride op Mercury and Quinine. 
R. Bichloride of mercury one part 

Muriate of quinine three parts 

Dissolve separately in the smallest quantity 
of water, and mix the solutions. Collect 
the precipitate, and dry by a gentle heat. 
McDermott. 

Pills op Chloride op Mercury and 

Quinine. 
R. Chloride of mercury 

and quinine fifteen grains 

Opium six grains 

Crumb of bread sufficient 

Mix well, and make thirty pills. One, thrice 

a-day, to produce salivation. Hamilton. 



HYDRARGrYRI CYANU- 
RETUM. 

Cyanuret op Mercury. 
R . Ferrocyanuret of iron four ounces 

Red oxide of mercury three ounces 
Distilled water three pounds 

Put the ferrocyanuret of iron and the 
oxide of mercury, well powdered and mix- 
ed, into a glass vessel, and pour on them 
two pints of the water. Boil, and stir, 
and if in half an hour a blue color remains, 
add a small portion of oxide of mercury, 
and continue boiling until the mixture 
becomes of a yellowish color; then filter, 
wash the residue in a pint of distilled 
water, and again filter; mix the solutions, 
and evaporate, and crystallize. Purify 
these by dissolving in distilled water, fil- 
tering and evaporating. TJ. S. Ph. 
It is given in doses of a sixteenth to an eighth 
of a grain, in syphilis, chronic inflammation of 
the thoracic and abdominal organs, &c, and 
also is employed externally in porrigo, and other 
cutaneous affections. 

Solution op Cyanuret op Mercury. 
R. Cyanuret of mercury four grains 

Distilled water eight fl. ounces 

Dose, half a drachm to a drachm. 

Chaussier. 

Compound Pills op Cyanuret op 

Mercury. 

R. Cyanuret of mercury six grains 

Opium twelve grains 

Crumb of bread one drachm 

Honey sufficient 



242 



HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM. 



Mis, and make ninety-six pills. One, 
morning and evening. Guibourt. 

R. Cyanuret of mercury eighteen grains 

Muriate of ammonia 

Extract of aconite, each, three drachms 
box one ounce and a-half 

Oil of anise one scruple 

Beat together, and make four hundred 
pills. Two, morning and evening. Cadet. 

Compound Tincture of Cyanuret of 

Mercury. 
R . Cyanuret of mercury eighteen grains 
Water fourteen fl. ounces 

Alcohol ten fl. ounces 

Muriate of ammonia 
Extract of aconite, each, three drachms 
box one ounce and a-half 
Oil of sassafras twenty-four drops 

Dissolve the cyanuret in the water, add 
the ammonia, extract, and alcohol, let 
stand for some hours, filter, and add es- 
sential oil. 

(jrARGLE OF CYANURET OF MERCURY. 

R . Cyanuret of mercury ten grains 

Barley water one pint 

Honey of roses one ounce 

Mix. As a gargle. Br era. 

R . Sarsaparilla half an ounce 

Water sixteen fl. ounces 

Boil, and add towards close of operation 
Fresh hemlock two drachms 

Strain, and add to eight ounces of filtered 

liquid 

Cyanuret of mercury two grains 

As a gargle. Midler. 

Ointment of Cyanuret of Mercury. 
R. Cyanuret of mercury twelve grains 
Lard one ounce 

Rub well together. As an application to 
venereal ulcers. Foy. 

R . Cyanuret of mercury sixteen grains 

Lard one ounce 

Oil of lemon fifteen drops 

Rub together. As an application to moist 

tetter. Biett. 



HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM. 

Iodide of Mercury. 
R. Mercury one ounce 

Iodine five drachms 

Alcohol sufficient 

Rub the mercury and iodine together, 
adding sufficient alcohol to form a soft 
paste, and continue rubbing till globules 
disappear. Dry the iodide in the dark, 



with a gentle heat, and keep from light, 
in a well-stopped bottle. U. S. Ph. 

The dose is about a grain a-day, gradually in- 
creased to three or four. Used in scrofula, and 
scrofulous syphilis. 

Powder of Iodide of Mercury. 
R . Iodide of mercury one to eight grains 

Magnesia one drachm 

Mix. Divide into twelve powders. One, 
three times a-day. Radius. 

Pills of Iodide of Mercury. 

R . Iodide of mercury five grains 

Confection of roses sufficient 

Mix, and make thirty pills. One, three 

times a-day. . Ellis. 

R . Iodide of mercury one drachm 

Confection of dog rose three drachms 

Powdered ginger one drachm 

Beat together. Dose, five to ten grains. 

Loud. Ph. 
R . Iodide of mercury one grain 

Extract of juniper twelve grains 

Powdered liquorice sufficient 

Mix, and make eight pills. Two, morn- 
ing and evening, gradually increasing to 
double the number. Magendie. 

Compound Pills of Iodide of Mer- 
cury. 

R . Iodide of mercury six grains 

Extract of opium four grains 

Lactucarium twenty-four grains 

Extract of guaiacum forty-eight grains 

Beat together, and form forty-eight pills. 

In syphilis of children ; one pill to a child 

six months old, and two to four at more 

advanced ages. Ricord. 

R. Iodide of mercury half a drachm 

Extract of guaiacum one drachm 

lettuce two scruples 

sarsaparilla sufficient 

Mix, and make seventy-two pills. One, 

and then two daily. Biett. 

R. Iodide of mercury 

Extract of lettuce, each, half a drachm 
hemlock one drachm 

Mix, and make thirty pills. Ricord. 

R. Iodide of mercury two scruples 

Aloes 

Sulphate of iron 

Myrrh, each, half a drachm 

Oil of savine twenty drops 

Mix, and make twenty-four pills. One, 

thrice a-day, in amenorrhcea. Barbour. 

Ointment of Iodide of Mercury. 
R. Iodide of mercury one scruple 

Lard one ounce and a-half 



HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM RUBRUM— HYDRARGYRI NITRAS. 



243 



Kub well together. In scrofulous swell- 
ings, indolent granular tumors, &c. 

Soubeiran. 

R. Iodide of mercury 

White wax 

Lard 
Melt the wax and lard, 
iodide. 

As a dressing to scrofulous ulcers, &c. 

R . Iodide of mercury six grains 

Acetate of morphia eight grains 

Lard one ounce 

Rub well together. As an application to 

obstinate glandular swellings. Pelletan. 



one ounce 

two ounces 

six ounces 

and stir in the 

Loud. Ph. 



R. 



Iodide of mercury 
Soap 

Rose water 
Rose ointment 



Mix. 



one drachm 

half a drachm 

two drachms 

six drachms 

Riecke. 



HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM 
RUBRUM. 

Red Iodide op Mercury. 
R. Corrosive sublimate one ounce 

Iodide of potassium ten drachms 

Distilled water two pints 

Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in a pint 
and a-half, and the iodide in half a pint, 
of the water, and mix the solutions. Fil- 
ter, and wash the collected precipitate with 
distilled water. Dry by a gentle heat, and 
keep in a well-stopped bottle. V. S. Ph. 
Much more active than the iodide. Used in 
the same cases, in doses of a sixteenth, gradu- 
ally increased to the fourth of a grain. 

Pills op Red Iodide op Mercury. 
R . Red iodide of mercury one grain 

Extract of juniper twelve grains 

Powdered liquorice sufficient 

Mix, and make eight pills. Two, morning 
and evening. Guibourt 

R . Red iodide of mercury five grains 

Syrup sufficient 

Rub well together, and then with 

Crumb of bread 

Sugar, each, sufficient 

to make sixty pills. Two, morning and 
evening, gradually increasing. Radius. 

Wash op Red Iodide op Mercury. 
R . Red iodide of mercury twelve grains 
Distilled water six fl. ounces 

Mix. As a lotion to scrofulous ulcers. 

Radius. 
Tincture op Red Iodide op Mercury. 
R. Red iodide of mercury twenty grains 



Alcohol (-837) one fl. ounce and a-half 
Dissolve. Dose, ten to twenty drops, in 
distilled water. Twenty-six drops contain 
about an eighth of a grain. Foy. 

Ethereal Tincture op Red Iodide op 

Mercury. 
R. Red iodide of mercury twenty grains 
Sulphuric ether one ounce and a-half 
Dissolve. Rather more powerful than the 
last, and therefore to be given in smaller 
doses. Magendie. 

Ointment op Red Iodide op Mercury. 
R. Prepared like the ointment of the 
iodide. Lond. Ph. 

It is more active than the ointment of the 
iodide. 

R. Red iodide of mercury one scruple 
Lard one ounce and a-half 

Rub well together. As a dressing to ob- 
stinate venereal ulcers. Soubeiran.. 

R. Red iodide of mercury fifteen grains 

Lard one ounce 

Essence of bergamot twenty drops 

Mix well. As an application to chronic 

cutaneous affections. Foy, 



HYDRARGYRI NITRAS. 

Nitrate op Mercury. 

Nitrate op the Protoxide op Mer- 
cury. 
R. Mercury 

Nitric acid equal parts 

Dissolve, with aid of a gentle heat, then 
boil until a yellow sediment is formed, de- 
cant, and permit to crystallize. GuibourL 

Pills op Jrotonitrate op Mercury. 
R . Protonitrate of mercury ten grains 
Extract of liquorice forty grains 

Beat into mass with a little water, and 
form sixty pills. Foy. 

Ointment op Nitrate of Mercury. 
R. Mercury one ounce 

Nitric acid eleven fl. drachms 

Fresh neat's foot oil nine fl. ounces 
Lard three ounces 

Dissolve the mercury in the acid, melt the 
oil and lard together, and when they be- 
come thick, on cooling, add the solution, 
and mix well. U. S. Ph. 

A stimulant and alterative application, nsed 
in most cases diluted with lard. Employed 
in various skin diseases, &c. It is known under 
the name of Citrine ointment. 



244 HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM NIGRUM— HYDR. OXIDUM RUBRUM. 



four parts 
half a part 

sufficient 



Ointment of Nitrate of Mercury and 

Lead. 
R. Mercury 

Lead 
Dissolve separately in 

Nitric acid 
Then mix with 

Oil of almonds twenty-four parts 

Lard forty-eight parts 

First the mercurial and then the saturnine 
.solution, rub well together. Van Mons. 
Advised by Armstrong in porrigo favosa. 

Liniment of Nitrate of Mercury. 
R. Ointment of nitrate of 

mercury two ounces and a-half 

Simple cerate seven ounces and a-half 

Olive oil five fl. ounces and a-half 

Mix well. Beasley. 

R. Ointment of nitrate of mercury 

Almond oil equal parts 

Triturate together till perfectly mixed. 

Sir H. Hertford. 



HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM NI- 
GRUM. 

Black Oxide of Mercury. 
R. Calomel 

Potassa, each, four ounces 

Water one pint 

Dissolve the potassa in the water, let settle 
and decant ; add the calomel, stirring well 
till the black oxide is formed, decant, wash 
the oxide with distilled water, and dry with 
a gentle heat. U. S. Ph. 

Alterative, purgative, and sialagogue. 

Black Wash. 

R. Calomel one drachm 

Lime water four fl. ounces 

Mix well. As a lotion to vAiereal and 

phagedenic ulcers. Ellis. 

R. Calomel half a drachm 

Powdered opium two drachms 

Lime water two fl. ounces 

Mix. As a dressing for chancres. Rust. 

Pills of Black Oxide of Mercury. 

R. Black oxide of mercury one drachm 
Confection of roses three drachms 
Powdered chamomile half a drachm 

Mix. As a substitute for blue pill. 



Ointment of Black Oxide of Mer- 
cury. 
R. Black oxide of mercury one part 

Lard sixteen parts 

Subject to a temperature of 300° to 320° 



for an hour, stirring continually, remove, 
and stir till cold. As a substitute for mer- 
curial ointment. Donovan. 



HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM 
RUBRUM. 
Red Oxide of Mercury. 
R. Mercury thirty-six ounces 

Nitric acid fourteen fl. ounces 

Water two pints 

Dissolve the mercury with a gentle heat, 
in the acid and water, evaporate to dry- 
ness. Rub to powder, and heat in a shal- 
low vessel, as long as red vapors arise. 

U. S. Ph. 
R. Purified mercury at will 

Put in an open glass vessel, with narrow 
mouth and broad bottom ; expose to heat of 
100°, till converted into red scales. 

Dub. Ph. 
R. Corrosive sublimate four ounces 

Solution of po- 
tassa twenty-eight fl. ounces 
Distilled water six pints 
Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in the 
water, and add the solution of potassa. 
Let settle, decant, wash the precipitate 
with distilled water, and dry with a gentle 
heat. Lond. Ph. 
These preparations are seldom used internally 
in this country, as they are harsh and uncertain 
in their operation, but are much employed ex- 
ternally as stimulants and escharotics. 

Pills of Red Oxide of Mercury. 
R. Red oxide of mercury 

Powdered opium, each, one grain 

Oil of cloves two drops 

Mix, and make three pills. One, every 
night for a week, in venereal complaints. 

Ellis. 
R. Red oxide of mercury 

Acetate of morphia 

Powdered mallow root 

Water, each, 
Mix, and form twenty pills, 
ing and evening. 

Powder of Red Oxide of Mercury. 
R. Red oxide of mercury 

Burnt alum, each, half a drachm 

Powdered savine two drachms 

As an application to condyloma, whitlow, 

&c. Phoebus. 

Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury. 
R. Red oxide of mercury, in 

fine powder, one ounce 



three grains 
one grain 

sufficient 

One, morn- 

Radius. 



HYDRARGYRI PHOSPHAS— HYDRARGYRI SULPHAS. 



245 



Simple ointment eight ounces 

Soften the ointment by a gentle heat, and 
add oxide of mercury and mix well. 

U. S. Ph. 

An efficacious, stimulating application to foul 
and indolent ulcers, psorophtbalmia, &c. Where 
it is too stimulating, dilute with lard. 

R. Eed oxide of mercury one drachm 

Venice turpentine one ounce 

Mix. As an application to indolent ulcers, 

and also used in itch. Ellis. 

Ointment of Eed Oxide op Mercury 
and Sulphur. 

R. Eed oxide of mercury 

Mercury, each, one part 

Precipitated sulphur sixteen parts 

Triturate till globules disappear, and add 
Lard thirty-two parts 

Eub well together. As a friction in the 

cure of itch. Swediaur. 

Brown Ointment op Eed Oxide op 

Mercury. 

R. Eed oxide of mercury one part 

Basilicon ointment six parts 

Eub well together. Used in the treatment 

of indolent venereal ulcers. Saunders. 

Ointment of Eed Oxide op Mercury 

and Tin. 
R . Eed oxide of mercury two drachms 
Amalgam of equal parts of 

mercury and tin four drachms 

Eose ointment one ounce 

Eub well together, and add 

Oil of peppermint twenty drops 

Highly spoken of in hemorrhoidal tumors. 

Cadet de Gassicourt. 

Ointment of Eed Oxide op Mercury 
and Cinnabar. 

R. Red oxide of mercury one ounce 

Cinnabar one drachm 

Lard one pound 

Eub well together. Employed in chronic 

inflammations of the eyelids. Giordano. 

Ointment of Eed Oxide of Mercury 

and Zinc. 
R. Eed oxide of mercury one part 

Sulphate of zinc two parts 

Lard ninety-six parts 

Eub well together. In scrofulous ophthal- 
mia, as an application to the edges of the 
eyelids. Dupuytren. 

Ointment of Eed Oxide of Mercury 

and Lead. 
R. Eed Oxide of mercury 
Prepared calamine 



Burnt alum 

Acetate of lead, each, one drachm 

Corrosive sublimate twelve grains 

Eose ointment one ounce 

Eub well together. Celebrated in the 

treatment of herpetic affections. Guibourt. 



HYDRAEGYEI PHOSPHAS. 

Phosphate op Mercury. 
R . Solution of nitrate of mercury at will 
Add to it a solution of phosphate of soda, 
as long as any precipitate is formed; de- 
cant, wash the precipitate well, and dry it. 
Van Mons. 
This has been highly praised in secondary 
syphilis. The dose is half a grain to a grain, 
combined with sugar or some aromatic powder. 

Pills of Phosphate of Mercury. 

R. Phosphate of mercury nine grains 

Tartar emetic one grain 

Opium six grains 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and make nine pills. One in the 

evening, at bedtime. Radius. 



HYDRAEGYBI SULPHAS. 

Sulphate of Mercury. Persulphate 

op Mercury. 
R. Purified mercury 

Sulphuric acid, each, six parts 

Nitric acid one part 

Expose them to heat in a glass vessel, and 
increase the heat, until the mass becomes 
white and perfectly dry. Dub. Ph. 

Not used as a remedy, but serves to form cor- 
rosive sublimate, calomel, and turpeth mineral. 

Yellow Sulphate op Mercury. 
R. Persulphate of mercury one part 

Warm water twenty parts 

Rub together in an earthenware mor- 
tar, and pour off the supernatant liquid, 
wash the yellow powder with warm dis- 
tilled water, as long as the washings are 
precipitated by caustic potassa. Dry. 

Dub. Ph. 
This is alterative, errhine, and emetic. The 
dose, as an alterative, is from a quarter to half 
a grain ; as an errhine, one grain, mixed with 
five grains of some bland powder ; as an emetic, 
two to five grains. 

Compound Powder of Sulphate of 
Mercury. 
R. Sulphate of mercury one grain 

Powdered asara- 

bacca one drachm and a-half 



246 HYDRARGYRI SULPHURETUM NIGRUM— HYDR. SULPH. RUBRUM. 



Mix, and divide into eight powders. One 
to be used as an errhine, twice a-day; in 
gutta serena, ozama, &c. Ellis. 

Ointment of Sulphate op Mercury. 

R. Sulphate of mercury one part 

Lard eight parts 

Rub well together. As an application to 

herpes, porrigo, &c. Soubeiran. 

R. Sulphate of mercury two drachms 

Chloride of lime three drachms 

Oil of almonds six drachms 

Lard two ounces 

Melt together the oil and lard, and mix 

the two powders. More stimulating than 

the last. Used in obstinate cutaneous 

affections. Che vail ia: 



HYDRARGYRI SULPHURE- 
TUM NIGRUM. 

Black Sulphuret of Mercury. 
R. Mercury 

Sulphur, each, one pound 

Rub together till all globules disappear. 
U. S. Ph. 

Employed as an alterative in cutaneous affec- 
tions and glandular swellings. Dose, from five 
to thirty grains, or even more, several times a- 
day. 

Powder op Black Sulphuret of Mer- 
cury. 
R. Black sulphuret of 

mercury four drachms 

Prepared chalk two ounces 

Powdered amber one ounce 

Mix well, and divide into sixty-four pow- 
ders. One, and afterwards two a-day, in 
a glass of sugar and water. In scrofulous 
affections. St. Marie. 

R. Black sulphuret of mercury 

Prepared oyster 

shell, each, one drachm 

Powdered orange peel half a drachm 
Mix, and make ten powders. Three a-day, 
as an anthelmintic. Phoebus. 

Pills of Black Sulphuret of Mer- 
cury. 
R. Black sulphuret of mercury 
Extract of bitter- 
sweet, each, two drachms 
Powdered mallows sufficient 
Mix, and form one hundred and twenty 
pills. Four to five, three times a-day. 
In obstinate cutaneous affections. Radius. 
R. Black sulphuret of 

mercury one scruple 

Extract of dandelion three drachms 



- Gum ammoniac two drachms 

Powdered squill half a drachm 

Syrup sufficient 

Beat together, and make pills of three 

grains. Dose, five, thrice a-day. In 

ascites with engorgement of the abdominal 

viscera. St. Marie. 

R. Black sulphuret of 

mercury 

Guaiacum 

Soap, each, two drachms 

Golden sulphuret of 

antimony two scruples 

Extract of horehound sufficient 

Beat together, and form pills of two grains. 

Ten, morning and evening. In chronic 

rheumatism. Baldinger. 



half 



HYDRARGYRI SULPHURE- 
TUM RUBRUM. 
Red Sulphuret of Mercury. 
R. Mercury forty ounces 

Sulphur eight ounces 

Melt the sulphur, and mix the mercury 
with it over the fire. When mass begins 
to swell, remove from fire, and cover the 
vessel, to prevent combustion; when cool, 
powder, and sublime. U. S. Ph. 

At one time, much used as alterative and an- 
thelmintic, but now seldom employed except for 
fumigation. 

Powder of Red Sulphuret of Mer- 
cury. 
R. Red sulphuret of 

mercury half an ounce 

Powdered sugar candy three ounces 

Oil of cinnamon half a drachm 

Rub well together. At one time celebrated 

as cordial, stomachic, and analeptic, in 

doses of a scruple. Swediaur. 

Pills of Red Sulphuret of Mercury. 
R. Red sulphuret of mercury 

Powdered Virginia snake- 
root, each, half a drachm 

Syrup sufficient 

Mix, and form twelve pills. Two to be 
taken thrice a-day; alterative and diapho- 
retic; useful in obstinate cutaneous affec- 
tions. Ellis. 
R. Red sulphuret of mercury 

Extract of wormwood 

hemlock, each, one drachm 
Beat together, and form pills of two grains. 
Dose, seven, morning and evening, in 
venereal glandular swellings. Augustin. 



HYDRARGYRI TARTRAS— HIPPOCASTANUM. 



247 



Fumigating Powder. 
R. Ked sulphuret of 

mercury four drachms 

Olibanum two drachms 

Mix. To be thrown on a red hot iron, and 

the diseased parts exposed to the fumes. 

In herpes, and venereal pustules. Foy. 

Cerate of Ked Sulphuret of Mer- 
cury. 
R. Powdered red sulphuret 

of mercury fifteen grains 

Yellow resin half an ounce 

Yellow wax 

Lard, each, half a pound 

Melt the resin, wax, and lard together, and 
add the sulphuret. As a dressing to ill- 
conditioned ulcers. Swediaur. 

Ointment of Red Sulphuret of Mer- 
cury. 
R. Red sulphuret of 

mercury one drachm and a-half 

Muriate of ammonia half a drachm 

Lard two ounces 

Rose water one fl. drachm 

Rub well together. Advised in phithiri- 

asis, to diminish the itching, and to destroy 

the insects. Radius. 

R. Red sulphuret of mercury one drachm 

Camphor one scruple 

Simple cerate . one ounce 

Rub well together. In the treatment of 

herpes; to be applied at least twice a-day. 

Alihert. 



HYDRARGYRI TARTRAS. 

Tartrate of Mercury. 
R. Black oxide of mercury at will 

Tartaric acid sufficient 

Boil together, in a due proportion of water, 
until the oxide is dissolved; filter, and 
evaporate to the point of crystallization ; 
wash the crystals. Swediaur. 

Dose, one to two grains, twice a-day. 

Tartrate of Mercury and Potassa. 
R. Boiling, saturated solution of 

Nitrate of mercury at will 

Add, drop by drop> a boiling saturated solu- 
tion of bitartrato of potassa, as long as a 
precipitate is formed, decant, wash the pre- 
cipitate well with cold water, dissolve in 
boiling water, and set aside to crystallize. 
Van Muns. 
Dose, one to three grains. Once very cele- 
brated as Pressavin's vegeto-mercurial lkjuor. 



HIPPOCASTANUM. 

Horse Chestnut. 

The horse chestnut, or JEsculus hippocastanum, 
is a beautiful and lofty tree, a native of the cen- 
tral parts of Asia, but extensively cultivated in 
Europe, and the United States. 

Sex. Syst. Heptand. monog. Nat. Syst. Sapin- 
daceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 488. Griffith, Med. Bot. 213. 

The part used is the bark; this is light, brittle, 
of a brownish red externally, of a yellow brown 
within. It has a somewhat aromatic odor, and 
an astringent, bitter taste. It is a somewhat ac- 
tive astringent, and has been much praised in 
intermittent fevers. The dose of the powder is 
two to four scruples, every three hours, till an 
ounce and a-half is taken. 

Compound Powder of Horse Chest- 
nut. 
R. Powdered horse chestnut bark 

willow bark, each, half an 
ounce 
gentian 
calamus 

cloves, each, two drachms 
Mix. Huf eland. 

Decoction of Horse Chestnut Bark. 
R. Horse chestnut 

bark one ounce and a-half 

Water thirty fl. ounces 

Boil down to ten ounces, adding towards 
close of operation, 

Liquorice root one drachm 

Strain. A cupful every two hours. 

Niemann. 
Compound Decoction of Horse Chest- 
nut. 
R. Horse chestnut bark 

Willow bark, each, half an ounce 

Calamus 

Root of water avens, each, two drachms 

Water sixteen fl. ounces 

Boil down to one-half. Spielmann. 

R. Horse chestnut 

bark one ounce and a-half 

Water eighteen fl. ounces 

Boil clown to one-half, strain, and add 

Sulphuric ether one to two drachms 

Syrup of orange peel one ounce 

Mix. To be used during the apyrexia. 

Phoebus. 

Extract of Horse Chestnut. 
R . Horse chesnut bark at will 

Water sufficient 

Exhaust the bark in a displacement appa- 
ratus, and evaporate to proper consistence. 
Dose, five to fifteen grains. Van Mons. 



248 



HYDRASTIS— HYOSCYAMUS. 



HYDRASTIS. 

Yellow Root. 

This is the root of Hydrastis Canadensis, a na- 
tive plant, more common in the western than 
in the eastern States. The flowers are yellow 
and fugacious, and are succeeded hy red fruit, 
resembling raspberries, but not eatable. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. pologyn. Nat. Syst. Ra- 
nunculaceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 784. Griffith, Med. Bot. 82. 

The root is contorted, rugose, and of a bright 
yellow color. It has a strong, somewhat nar- 
cotic odor, and a very bitter taste. It is a pow- 
erful tonic bitter, and is also used in decoction 
as a wash in chronic ophthalmia. It is given 
in powder or decoction. 



HYOSCYAMUS. 
Henbane. 



Several species of Hyoscyamus are medici- 
nal, but the only one that is officinal, is the H. 
niger, a native of Europe, and now naturalized 
in some parts of the United States. It has a lu- 
rid appearance, and a rank, unpleasant odor. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Solan- 
acese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 257. Griffith, Med. Bot. 484. 

All parts of the plant are active, but the 
leaves are generally employed, though the seeds 
also are officinal. The dried leaves have but 
little taste or smell. The seeds are small, round- 
ish, somewhat uniform, of a grayish color ; of an 
unpleasant smell, and an oily, somewhat bitter 
taste. They both owe their properties to an al- 
kaloid, called hyoscyamia. They are anodyne 
and hypnotic, and are used to relieve pain, to 
procure sleep, and to quiet an excited nervous 
system. The dose of the powdered leaves is 
from five to ten grains, of the seeds rather less. 

Aqueous Extract of Henbane. 
R. Henbane leaves one pound 

Bruise them in a stone mortar, adding a 
little water j express, heat the juice to 
boiling point, strain, and evaporate. 

IT. S. Ph. 

Dose, a grain, twice a-day, gradually increased 
till the system is affected. 

Alcoholic Extract of Henbane. 
R. Henbane leaves, in coarse 

powder one pound 

Diluted alcohol four pints 

Moisten the henbane with half a pint of 
the alcohol, and let stand for twenty-four 
hours; then put in a displacement appa- 
ratus, and exhaust, with the remainder of 
the alcohol, adding sufficient water at the 
close, to drive off all the spirit. Distil off 
the alcohol, and evaporate the residue to 
proper consistence. IT. S. Ph. 

Dose, as for the last, and in the same manner. 



. Compound Powder of Henbane. 
R. Powdered extract of henbane 

Oxide of zinc, each, ten grains 

Magnesia half a drachm 

Sugar of milk two drachms and a-half 

Mix, and divide into ten powders. One 

every three hours, as a sedative, in nervous 

attacks. Vogler. 

Compound Pills of Henbane. 
R. Extract of henbane 
opium 
belladonna 

hemlock, each, one ounce 
Beat together, and form pills of one grain. 
Said to be useful in neuralgia of the face, 
in doses of one to six a-day. Pierquin. 
R . Extract of henbane half a drachm 
opium two grains 

Powdered foxglove 

ipecacuanha, each, five grains 
Beat together, and make thirty pills. One 
every three hours, in hooping-cough. 

Phoebus. 
R. Extract of henbane 
valerian 
Oxide of zinc equal parts 

Beat together, and form pills of three 
grains. In neuralgia, in doses of one to 
ten. Foy. 

R. Extract of henbane two scruples 

Powdered myrrh one drachm and a-half 
squill half a drachm 

Distilled water sufficient 

Beat together, and make thirty pills. Two, 
night and morning, in catarrh and phthisis, 
with debility of the pulmonary organs. 

Paris. 
Pills of Henbane and Opium. 
R. Extract of henbane 

hemlock, each, fifteen grains 

Powdered opium four grains 

Beat into mass, and make ten pills. One 

at night, as an anodyne. Ellis. 

Pills of Henbane and Ipecacuanha. 
R. Extract of henbane ten grains 

Powdered ipecacuanha five grains 
Mix, and make ten pills. One, every hour 
or two, in irritability of the bowels, with 
flatulence. Ellis. 

Infusion of Henbane. 
R . Leaves of henbane half an ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse. As a lotion to painful ulcers. 

Ellis. 
Compound Infusion of Henbane. 
R. Henbane leaves 



ICHTHYOCOLLA. 



249 



Poppy heads 

Mallows, each, one ounce 

Boiling water four pints 

Infuse for an hour, and strain. As a fo- 
mentation to painful tumors, &c. Radius. 

Mixture op Henbane. 

R. Oil of almonds half an ounce 

Powdered gum Arabic two drachms 

Oil of fennel one drop 

Extract of henbane six grains 

Sugar half an ounce 

Water two fl. ounces 

Pub well together. A spoonful every two 

hours, in catarrh. Foy. 

Mixture or Henbane and Antimony. 
R. Extract of henbane ten grains 

Antimonial wine two fl. drachms 

Dissolve. In hooping-cough, in doses of 
five to ten drops. Augustin. 

Tincture op Henbane. 

R. Henbane leaves four ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, a fl. drachm. 

Ethereal Tincture of Henbane. 
R. Henbane leaves one part 

Sulphuric ether six parts 

Macerate for eight days, express, and fil- 
ter. Dose, ten to twelve drops, three or 
four times a-day. Hesse Ph. 

Mixture of Hyoscyamus and Squill. 

R. Tincture of squill ten drops 

Nitric acid five drops 

Extract of henbane three grains 



Water one fl. ounce and a-half 

Mix. In spasmodic asthma; to be re- 
peated every three or four hours. Bree. 

Liniment of Henbane. 

R . Extract of henbane half a drachm 

White soap two drachms 

Linseed oil six ounces 

Mix. As an embrocation to glandular 

swellings. Dupuytren. 

Ointment of Henbane. 
R. Extract of henbane one drachm 

Lard one ounce 

Rub together. As an application to pain- 
ful hemorrhoids. Taddei. 

Compound Ointment of Henbane. 
R. Leaves of henbane 

stramonium 
bittersweet 

elder, each, a handful 

Lard two pounds 

Heat together till all moisture is evapora- 
ted, and strain. As an application to 
frost-bites, chilblains, &c. Spielmann. 
R . Fresh poplar buds four ounces 

Lard twelve ounces 

Leaves of henbane 
poppy 
belladonna 

black nightshade, each, one 
ounce 
Heat together till all moisture is evapora- 
ted. As a soothing and anodyne oint- 
ment to painful local affections. 

Cotter eau. 
This is much used in Europe, under die name 
of Unguentum populeum. 



ICHTHYOCOLLA. 

Isinglass. 

This is die swimming bladder of several kinds 
of fish. The best, however, is procured from 
various species of sturgeon, inhabiting the more 
southern parts of Russia. It is a pure and nu- 
tritious gelatine, and is rather employed as food, 
and in the arts, than in medicine, in which it 
is only used as the basis of court plaster. 

Court Plaster. 
R. Isinglass one ounce 

Water eight fl. ounces 



Macerate for twenty-four hours, and add 

Alcohol eight fl. ounces 

When perfectly dissolved, brush over 
strained silk, or sarsnet, several times, al- 
ternating with a layer of tincture of Peru 
or benzoin. Cottercau. 

R. Isinglass nine drachms 

Dissolve in water, and add hot filtered mix- 
ture of 

Alcohol (0.921) twelve fl. ounces 

Tincture of benzoin two fl. ounces 

Apply this to strained silk, till six coats 



INDIGUM— INULA. 



250 

are given, permitting each to dry before 
applying another, then brush over twice 
with a mixture of 

Tincture of benzoin six fl. ounces 

Liquid turpentine four ounces 

Virey. 

R. Isinglass one ounce 

Water two fl. ounces 

Mix, and allow to stand till the isinglass is 

quite soft, then add 

Rectified spirit three fl. ounces and a- half 
Mixed with 

Water one fl. ounce and a-half 

Expose to heat of water-bath, till dissolved, 
and apply to oiled silk, nailed to a board, 
by means of a soft brush; apply four 
coats. Liston. 

R . Fasten a piece of fine muslin, linen, or 
silk, to a flat board, and give it a thin 
coat of flour paste ; over this, when dry, 
two coats of colorless gelatine are to be 
applied. Said to be superior to the usual 
court plaster. Deschamjjs. 

Diamond Cement. 

R. Isinglass, softened in water, and dis- 
solved in the smallest quantity of di- 
luted alcohol two ounces 
Ammoniac ten grains 

And whilst still liquid, add 

Solution of mastic, made with half 
a drachm in three drachms of alcohol. 

Stir well together. , Bedicood. 



Pills of Indigo. 

R. Powdered indigo seventy-five grains 
Assafetida fifteen grains 

Castor seven grains 

Mix, and form twenty pills. One, every 

hour. Podreca. 

Sulphate op Indigo. 

R. Indigo (Bengal) in powder four ounces 
Sulphuric acid twenty-four ounces 

Dissolve, by maceration and agitation, and 

add water, until the solution measures four 

pints. 



INDIGUM 



Indigo. 

A tinctorial material, obtained from several 
species of Indigofera. It is found in commerce, 
in the form of small, solid, brittle masses, hav- 
ing scarcely any taste or odor, of a deep blue 
color, but assuming a coppery lustre when rub- 
bed. It is principally used in the arts, but has 
also been employed as a remedial agent, in vari- 
ous spasmodic diseases. The dose is about a 
scruple, two or three times a-day, rapidly in- 
creased to a drachm or more. 

Powder of Indigo. 

R. Powdered indigo half an ounce 

Aromatic powder half a drachm 

Mix. A teaspoonful, three times a-day, 

in epilepsv- Radius. 



Electuary of Indigo. 
R. Powdered indigo half an ounce 

Aromatic powder half a drachm 

Syrup one fl. ounce 

Mix. To be taken in divided doses, dur- 
ing the day. Phoebus. 



INULA. 

Elecampane. 

The root of Inula helenium, a large herbaceous 
plant, a native of Europe, and cultivated in gar- 
dens in this country, where it has also become 
naturalized in some places. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Astera- 

Linn. Sp. Pi. 1236. Griffith, Med. Bot. 397. 

The root is thick, fleshy, and branched. As 
dried and found in the shops, it is in slices of a 
yellowish gray color, with a peculiar and aro- 
matic odor, and an unpleasant, bitterish taste, 
with an after sensation of pungency. It is tonic 
and expectorant, and also acts in some cases as 
a diuretic and diaphoretic. The dose of the 
powder is from a scruple to a drachm. 

Decoction of Elecampane. 

R . Elecampane root half an ounce 

Water one pint 

Boil. Dose, a fl. ounce, every hour or two. 

U. S. Disp. 

Compound Pills of Elecampane. 
R. Extract of elecampane one drachm 
Powdered foxglove 

ipecacuanha, each, ten grains 
Opium five grains 

Beat into mass, and form pills of two 
grains. One every hour, in chronic ca- 
tarrh. Heim. 

Extract of Elecampane. 
R. Elecampane root at will 

Water sufficient 

Make a concentrated infusion, strain, and 
evaporate to the proper consistence. Dose, 
from a scruple to a drachm. Cotter eau. 

Mixture of Elecampane. 

R. Extract of elecampane two drachms 

Antimonial wine one fl. ounce 

Syrup of orange flowers half a fl. ounce 

Mix. Dose, twenty to thirty drops, every 

three hours, in asthma and chronic catarrh. 

John. 
Compound Oxymel of Elecampane. 
R. Elecampane root one ounce 



IODINUM. 



251 



Orris root half an ounce 

Water thirty-six fl. ounces 

Boil down to two-thirds, strain, arid add 
Honey sixteen ounces 

Gum ammoniac one ounce 

Vinegar eight fl. ounces 

Evaporate to the consistence of honey. A 
spoonful occasionally, in catarrh and humid 
Spiehnann. 



asthma. 



IODINUM. 
Iodine. 



Iodine is an elementary non-metallic body, 
having many of the properties of chlorine. It 
exists in many marine vegetables and animals, 
and also in some mineral bodies and salt springs, 
but is principally obtained from kelp or the 
ashes of seaweeds. It is soft, friable, and 
opaque, of a bluish black color and metallic lus- 
tre, and has a strong and penetrating odor and 
an acrid taste. It is employed as a stimulant or 
alterant in morbid actions of the absorbent and 
glandular systems, both externally and intern- 
ally, and, in over doses, acts as an irritant poison. 

The dose, in substance, is from the eighth of 
a grain to a grain. 

Pills of Iodine. 
R. Iodine six grains 

Extract of gentian one drachm 

Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient 
Mix, and form twenty-four pills. These 
are said to be useful in mercurial or 
scorbutic salivation. Radius. 

Tincture op Iodine. 
R. Iodine one ounce 

Alcohol one pint 

Dissolve. U. S. Ph. 

Sixteen minims, or thirty five drops, contain 
one grain of iodine. Dose, from ten to twenty 
drops, three times a-day ; to be increased. 

Saturated Tincture op Iodine. 
R. Iodine two scruples 

Alcohol one fl. ounce 

Compound spirit of 

lavender two fl. drachms 

Mix. Five to ten drops, twice a-day, gra- 
dually increasing. In amenorrhoca, leucor- 
rhoca, gonorrhoea, &c. JDurand. 

Compound Tincture op Iodine. 
R. Iodine half an ounce 

Iodide of potassium one ounce 

Alcohol one pint 

Mix, and form a tincture. Dose, five to 
fifteen drops, as may be required. Ellis. 

Ethereal Tincture op Iodine. 
R. Iodine ^ two scruples 

Sulphuric ether one fl. ounce and a-half 
Dissolve, and filter. Magendie. 



R. Iodine six grains 

Sulphuric ether two fl. drachms 

Dissolve. Dose, ten drops, two or three 
times a-day, much diluted. In diseases of 
the skin or glands. Ellis. 

Mixture op Iodine and Iodide op Po- 
tassium. 
R. Iodine three grains 

Iodide of potassium six grains 

Distilled water one fl. ounce 

Dissolve. Dose, six to twenty drops, thrice 
a-day, in a draught of cold water. In 
glandular disease and affections of the 
mucous membranes. Morton. 

Bath with Iodine. 
For adults. 12 3 

R. Iodide of po- 
tassium 231 grs. 308 grs. 370 grs. 

Iodine 123 " 154 " 184 " 

Water twenty fl. ounces 

Dissolve, and add to bath of sixty gallons. 

For children. 
R. Iodide of po- 
tassium 77 grs. 92 grs. 107 grs. 

Iodine 38 " 46 " 61 " 

Water ten fl. ounces 

Dissolve, and add to bath of sixty gallons. 
Used in scrofulous affections. LugoL 

Solution op Iodine. 
For internal use. 12 3 

R. Iodine J gr. § gr. 1 gr. 

Common salt 12 grs. 12 grs. 12 grs. 

Distilled water one pint 

For external use. 
R. Iodine 2 grs. 3 grs. 4 grs. 

Distilled water one pint 

As a lotion. Lugol. 

Lotion of Iodine. 
R. Tincture of iodine half fl. ounce 

Iodide of iron twelve grains 

Chloride of antimony half an ounce 
Mix. As an application to corns, by means 
of a camel's hair pencil, after the corn has 
been pared. Henderson. 

R. Tincture of iodine one fl. drachm 

Black drop two fl. drachms 

Oil of almonds 

Lime water, each, two fl. ounces 

Mix carefully. As a lotion for chilblains. 

Cadet. 

R. Iodine one to two grains 

Alcohol one fl. drachm 

Water one pint 

Mix. To wash scrofulous ulcers. Foy. 

Mixture op Iodine. 
R. Tincture of iodine ninety drops 



252 



IPECACUANHA. 



Decoction of Peruvian 

bark ten fl. ounces 

Mix. Two spoonfuls, three times a-day. 
Radius. 

R. Tincture of iodine ten drops 

Water of soapwort four fl. ounces 
Syrup of orange-flowers one fl. ounce 
Mix. In spoonful doses. In the treat- 
ment of scrofulous ulcers. Foy. 

Clyster of Iodine. 
R. G-um Arabic four drachms 

Water six fl. ounces 

Dissolve, and add 

Tincture of iodine five drops 

In arnenorrhcea, dysmenorrhoea, &c. 

Cadet 

GARGLE OP IODINE. 

R. Tincture of 

iodine one to two fl. drachms 

Tincture of opium one fl. drachm 

Water six fl. ounces 

Mix. As a gargle, in ulceration of the 

tonsils. Ross. 

Ointment of Iodine. 

R. Iodine one scruple 

Alcohol twenty minims 

Lard one ounce 

Rub the iodine with the alcohol, and then 

with the lard, till thoroughly mixed. 

U. S. Ph. 

In goitre, scrofulous swellings, &c. 

R. Iodine one scruple 

Rose ointment one ounce 

Mix. To be applied to the tonsils, night 

and morning, by means of a brush. Not 

to be used till all inflammation is subdued. 

Cerchiari. 

R. Iodine one part 

Lard sixteen parts 

Rub together carefully. Guibourt. 

Compound Ointment op Iodine. 

R. Iodine half a drachm 

Iodide of potassium one drachm 

Alcohol one fl. drachm 

Lard two ounces 

Rub the iodine and iodide of potassium 

with the alcohol, and then with the lard, 

till thoroughly mixed. U. S. Ph. 

Used in same cases as the iodine ointment, 

but is more active. 

Iodine Ointment with Oil op To- 
bacco. 
R. Iodine twelve grains 

Iodide of potassium four scruples 

Oil of tobacco fifty drops 



Lard two drachms 

Mix. To relax rigid muscles. Dover. 

Iodine Ointment and Mercury. 
R. Mercurial ointment sixteen parts 

Iodine three parts 

Mix. In frictions, in ovarian dropsy. 

Radius. 
Liniment of Iodine. 
R. Liniment with opium one fl. ounce 

Tincture of iodine one fl. drachm 

Mix. Manson. 

Cataplasm of Iodine. 
R. Tincture of iodine half fl. ounce 

Flaxseed meal one ounce 

Oatmeal three ounces 

Distilled water sufficient 

Make a cataplasm. Used as an applica- 
tion to scrofulous tumors and goitre. 

Dunglison. N. Rem. 
Iodine Plaster. 
R. Iodine one drachm 

Iodide of potassium one scruple 

Water half a fl. drachm 

Triturate in a mortar, and add to 

Burgundy pitch three ounces 

Wax 

Suet, each, half an ounce 

Melted together, and triturate till well 
mixed. 



IPECACUANHA. 
Ipecacuanha. 

The root of Cepheelis ipecacuanha, a small her- 
baceous plant, a native of Brazil. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Cin- 
chonaceae. 

Richard, Bull. Med. iv. 92. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 357. 

This root is about the size of a large quill, of 
an irregular, twisted shape, apparently formed 
of small, unequal rings, about a line in height, 
separated by narrow interstices ; when broken, 
it presents two distinct parts, a thin ligneous 
centre, and a thick cortical layer of a brownish 
color, and somewhat resinous appearance, hav- 
ing a herbaceous, sub-acrid, somewhat bitter 
taste, and nauseous odor. Externally it presents 
some varieties of color, but is usually brown. 
It is emetic, and sometimes purgative in full 
doses, and diaphoretic and expectorant in small, 
but repeated quantities. As an emetic, the dose 
is fifteen to twenty grains ; as a nauseant, two 
to four grains; as an expectorant, one to two 
grains. 

Powder of Ipecacuanha and Opium, 
Dover's Powder. 

R. Ipecacuanha 

Opium, each, in powder, one drachm 
Sulphate of potassa one ounce 

Triturate thoroughly. U. S. Ph. 



IPECACUANHA. 



R. Ipecacuanha 

Liquorice root 

Extract of opium, each, 

in powder, one ounce 

Sulphate of potassa 

Nitrate of potassa, each, four ounces 
Triturate well. Par. Cod. 

This latter formula approaches nearest to the 
original formula of Dover, but is not superior to 
the first, now generally used. Dose, five to ten 
grains, as a diaphoretic. 

Powder of Ipecacuanha and Tartar 

Emetic. 

R. Powdered ipecacuanha one scruple 

Tartar emetic one grain 

Mix. As an emetic, or in divided doses, 

as a nauseant and sudorific. Ellis. 

Powder of Ipecacuanha and Rhu- 
barb. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha 

rhubarb, each, one scruple 
Mix. As an emeto-cathartic in full doses ; 
or tonic alterative, in doses of three or four 
grains. Beasley. 

Powder of Ipecacuanha and Muriate 

of Ammonia. 

R. Powdered ipecacuanha a quarter grain 

Muriate of ammonia twelve grains 

Extract of liquorice 

Sugar of milk, each, six grains 

Mix. To be taken every two hours, as an 

expectorant, on the decline of pneumonia. 

Kopp. 

Powder of Ipecacuanha and Anti- 
mony. 
R. Ipecacuanha 

Golden sulphuret of 

antimony, each, one grain 

Camphor three grains 

G-um Arabic one scruple 

Triturate well. To be taken every two 
hours, in deficient expectoration in pneu- 
monia. Phoebus. 

Powder of Ipecacuanha and Carbon- 
ate of Soda. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha 

opium, each, one grain 

Carbonate of soda twelve grains 

Mix, and rub well together. To be taken 

every eight hours, in spasmodic asthma, 

hooping-cough, &c. A. T. Thomson. 

Powder of Ipecacuanha and Nitre. 
R. Dover's powder one drachm 

Nitre one ounce 

Mix. To be taken in divided doses. 



253 



R. Powdered ipecacuanha six grains 

nitrate of potassa 

one scruple and a-half 
myrrh twelve grains 

Mix, and divide into four powders; one to 
be taken every four hours. Found useful 
in asthma, and the earlier stages of phthi- 
sis. A. T. Thomson. 

Powder of Ipecacuanha and Calo- 
mel. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha six grains 

opium three grains 

Calomel one grain and a-half 

Powdered nitre half a drachm 

Mix, and make six powders. One, every 
three or four hours, as a diaphoretic. 

Ellis. 
Powder of Ipecacuanha and Myrrh. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha six grains 

myrrh twelve grains 

nitre half a drachm 

Mix, and make four powders. One, every 
four hours, as a stimulating expectorant. 

Paris. 
Powder of Ipecacuanha and Traga- 

canth. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha five grains 
Compound tragacanth 

powder ten grains 

Mix, make a powder, to be taken every 
four or six hours. Useful at the com- 
mencement of febrile diseases, after clearing 
the stomach and bowels. A. T. Thomson. 

Extract of Ipecacuanha. 
R. Coarsely powdered 

ipecacuanha two parts 

Proof spirit seven parts 

Treat by displacement; distil off the spirit 

and evaporate, on water-bath, to proper 

consistence. Paris Cod. 

Bolus of Ipecacuanha. 

R. Powdered ipecacuanha two grains 

Conserve of opium one scruple 

Prepared chalk sufficient 

Mix, and make eight boluses. Two, night 

and morning, in dysentery. St. Marie. 

R. Powdered ipecacuanha two grains 

Aromatic powder ten grains 

Syrup of cinnamon sufficient 

Mix, and make two boluses. One, in the 

evening, in dyspepsia. Cadet. 

Pills of Ipecacuanha and Opium. 
R. Dover's powder three parts 

Confection of roses one part 

Mix, and make pills of four grains each. 
Ed. Ph. 



254 IPECACUANHA. 

♦ 

Compound Pills of Ipecacuanha. 
R. Dover's powder three drachms 

Powdered squill 

Gum ammoniac, each, one drachm 
Mucilage sufficient 

Mis, and form mass. Dose, fifteen to 
twenty grains, as a diaphoretic. 

Lond. Ph. 
Pills op Ipecacuanha and Foxglove. 
R. Powdered Ipecacuanha 

foxglove, each, half a drachm 

opium five grains 

Extract of elecampane sufficient 

Mix, and make sixty pills. One, every 

three hours, in spasmodic asthma. Heim. 

Pills of Ipecacuanha and Centaury. 

R. Powdered ipecacuanha 

Extract of centaury, each, fifteen grains 
Powdered rhubarh half a drachm 

Mix, and make thirty pills. One, night 

and morning, in dyspepsia. Radius. 

Lozenges of Ipecacuanha. 

R . Powdered ipecacuanha half an ounce 

sugar fourteen ounces 

Arrow root four ounces 

Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient 

Mix the powders thoroughly, and form 

into a mass with the mucilage, and divide 

into lozenges of ten grains each. U. S. Ph. 

A good expectorant in catarrh. Each contains 
a quarter of a grain of ipecacuanha. 

Lozenges of Ipecacuanha and 
Camphor. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha fifteen grains 
camphor 

sugar, each, one drachm 

Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient 

Mix, and make sixty lozenges. Bcasley. 

R. Powdered sugar five hundred parts 
Flake manna one hundred and twenty- 
five parts 
Powdered ipecacuanha eighteen parts 
Lactucarium eight parts 

Powdered squill four parts 

Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient 

Make into a uniform paste, and divide into 
lozenges of ten grains. Five or six a-day, 
in catarrh, &c. Grunn. 

Confection of Ipecacuanha. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha twelve grains 

Flowers of sulphur one scruple 

Powdered orris one drachm 

Syrup of mallows 

Manna, each, two ounces 

Mix. A teaspoonful, two or three times 
a-day, in hooping-cough. Bories. 



Decoction of Ipecacuanha. 
R. Bruised ipecacuanha two drachms 
Water twelve ounces 

One-third of the water is to be used at a 
time, so as to make three decoctions; 
these are to be united, and should amount 
to six ounces. Celebrated in dysentery; 
one-third to be taken at a dose. Swibeiran. 

Mixture of Ipecacuanha. 

R . Powdered ipecacuanha half a drachm 
Tartar emetic one grain 

Tincture of squill one fl. ounce 

Distilled water seven fl. ounces and a-half 

Mix. Four tablespoonfuls ; then two every 

ten minutes, till vomiting is produced. 

Ellis. 

R. Powdered ipecacuanha five grains 
Syrup of poppies one drachm 

Spirit of cinnamon two drachms 

Chalk mixture thirteen drachms 

Mix. As a draught in dysentery. Hooper. 

R. Powdered ipecacuanha 

Carbonate of soda 

Syrup of poppies 

Mint water 
Mix 
vomitin 

R 



two grains 
ten grains 
one ounce 
six ounces 
In spoonfuls, to check spasmodic 
St. Marie. 



Ipecacuanha one drachm 

Senna two drachms 

Boiling water six fl. ounces 

Infuse for twelve hours, strain, and add 
Oxymel of squills 
Syrup of hyssop, each, one ounce 

Mix. In spoonfuls, in hooping-cough. 

Guibourt. 

Syrup of Ipecacuanha. 

R . Ipecacuanha, in coarse powder, one ounce 

Diluted alcohol one pint 

Syrup two pints 

Macerate the ipecacuanha in the alcohol 

for fourteen days, and filter. Evaporate 

to two fl. ounces, and filter; mix with the 

syrup, and evaporate on a water-bath to 

proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 

As emetic for children, one to two fl. drachms ; 

as expectorant, five to twenty minims. 

Compound Syrup of Ipecacuanha. 



R. Ipecacuanha 

Orris root 

Red Peruvian bark 

Seneka 

Iceland moss, each, 

Sugar 

Water 
Mix, and make a syrup, 
as an expectorant. 



one drachm 
two drachms 
half an ounce 

two ounces 

two pounds 

sufficient 

In spoonful 

Courtois. 



IRIS FLORENTINA— JALAP A. 



255 



R. Syrup of ipecacuanha 

poppies, each, two ounces 
orange flowers one ounce 
Oxymel of squill one ounce and a-half 
Mix. Two spoonfuls every hour, in hoop- 
ing cough. Cadet. 

Wine op Ipecacuanha. 

R. Bruised ipecacuanha two ounces 

Sherry wine two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. U. 8. Ph. 

As emetic and diaphoretic. Dose, for an 
adult, as emetic, one fl. ounce; for a child, one 
fl. drachm. 

Compound Wine op Ipecacuanha. 

R. Ipecacuanha four parts 

Sugar two parts 

Diluted alcohol twenty-four parts 

Digest for eight days, and add 

Sherry wine ninety-six parts 

Star anise one part 

Sugar four parts 

Filter at the end of six days. Niemann. 

Wine op Ipecacuanha and Tartar 

Emetic. 

R. Wine of ipecacuanha one fl. ounce 

Tartar emetic one grain 

Mix. A teaspoonful, every ten or fifteen 

minutes, till vomiting is induced. Ellis. 

Alkaline Wine of Ipecacuanha. 
R. Wine of ipecacuanha forty minims 
Tincture of opium eight drops 

Carbonate of soda sixteen grains 

Syrup two fl. drachms 

Water fourteen fl. drachms 

Mix. A teaspoonful, to children, in hoop- 
ing cough. Pearson. 



half 



Elixir op Ipecacuanha 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha 

Balsam of tolu, each, 

Flowers of benzoin 

Opium 

Saffron, each, 

Oil of anise 

Camphor 

Alcohol 
Digest, express, and filter, 
two drachms, as a stimulating sudorific. 

Cadet. 



two drachms 

one drachm 

two scruples 

two pints 

Dose, one to 



IRIS FLORENTINA. 

Florentine Iris. Orris. 

The Florentine Iris is a native of the southern 
parts of Europe, and affords a root, or rhizome, 



known as orris root. 

Sex. Syst. Triand. monog. 



Nat. Syst. Irida- 



Linn. Sp. PL 55. Griffith, Med. Bot. 625. 

The rhizome is horizontal, knotty, and frag- 
rant ; in a recent state it is acrid, and somewhat 
bitter ; this acrimony disappears in a great mea- 
sure on dessicalion. It is seldom used in medi- 
cine, but forms an ingredient in numerous tooth- 
powders, &c. 

Dentifrice with Orris Root. 
R. Cream of tartar two ounces 

Powdered orris root one ounce 

myrrh 

kino, each, half an ounce 
Mix well. Redtvood. 

R. Powdered Castile soap 

orris root, each, two ounces 
cuttlefish bone 
prepared chalk, each, 

three ounces 
Oil of cloves 

Essence of lemons, each, twenty drops 
Mix. Redwood. 



JALAPA. 
Jalap. 

Jalap is the root of the Ipomtea jalapa, a native 
of Mexico. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Con- 
volvulacea;. 

Coxe, Am. Journ. Med. Sci. 1830. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 474. 

The root, when dried, is in pieces of various 
forms and size; usually entire, but sometimes 



in slices. The epidermis is thin and brown; 
within it is grayish, with brown, concentric rings. 
The powder is of a brownish yellow, with a pe- 
culiar, unpleasant odor, and a sweetish, sub-acrid, 
nauseous taste. It is an active purgative, in doses 
of ten to thirty grains. 

Powder of Jalap and Calomel. 
R. Powdered jalap ten grains 

Calomel five grains 



256 J ALAP A . 

Mix. To be given in syrup or molasses. 

As a purgative. Ellis. 

R. Powdered jalap twelve grains 

Calomel three grains 

Sulphate of potassa seven grains 

Mix; make a powder, to be taken at night; 

a useful purge in diminishing the action of 

the liver. A. T. Thomson. 

Powder op Jalap and Cremor Tar- 
tar. 
R. Powdered jalap one drachm 

Cremor tartar two drachms 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One 
every two hours, as a hydragogue purga- 
tive. Ellis. 
R. Jalap two ounces 
Cremor tartar one ounce 
Sugar thirteen ounces 
Oil of orange peel two drachms 
Mix. Dose, one to two drachms. Cadet. 
R. Powdered jalap one ounce 
Cremor tartar two ounces 
Mix. U. S. Ph. 
R. Powdered jalap three ounces 
Cremor tartar six ounces 
Ginger two drachms 
Mix. Lond. Ph. 

Dose, thirty grains to a drachm. 

Powder of Jalap and Ipecacuanha. 

R. Jalap fifteen grains 

Ipecacuanha five grains 

Oil of cinnamon two drops 

Mix. Paris. 

Powder of Jalap and Scammony. 

R. Jalap one drachm 

Scammony one scruple 

Ipecacuanha ten drachms 

Mix, and divide into powders of eight 

grains. In mucous discharges. Dumas. 

Compound Powder of Jalap. 

R. Powdered jalap three ounces 

Cremor tartar six ounces 

Powdered ginger two drachms 

Mix. Half a drachm to one drachm, as 

a hydragogue purgative. Lond. Ph. 

Extract of Jalap. 
R. Jalap, in coarse powder, one pound 
Alcohol four pints 

Water sufficient 

Macerate the jalap in the alcohol for four 
days, then exhaust by the process of dis- 
placement ; first by alcohol, then by wa- 
ter. Distil off the alcohol from the tinc- 
ture, and evaporate the infusion, till both 
are of the consistence of thin honey, mix 



them, and evaporate to proper consist- 
ence. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, from ten to twenty grains. 

Resin of Jalap. 
R. Coarsely powdered jalap at will 

Moisten thoroughly with rectified spirit, 
put in a displacement apparatus and ex- 
haust, distil off the spirit, and evaporate 
to due consistence. Ed,. Ph. 

Dose, four to twelve grains. 

Alkaline Extract of Jalap. 
R. Powdered jalap two pounds 

Alcohol (.921) one gallon 

Digest for some days, strain, and filter ; 
evaporate slowly on the water-bath to a 
pilular consistence, adding gradually 

Carbonate of potassa twelve drachms 
Dose, three to nine grains. Durand. 

Compound Pills of Jalap. 

R. Jalap 
Rhubarb 

Aloes, each, one ounce 

Soap two ounces 

Syrup of ginger sufficient 

Mix, and form mass. Dose, twenty to 

thirty grains. Foy. 

Pills of Jalap and Calomel. 

R. Resin of jalap 

Soap, each, one drachm 

Oil of orange peel six drops 

Mix, and make sixty pills. Alibert. 

Electuary of Jalap. 

R. Powdered jalap 
Black sulphuret of 

mercury, each, two drachms 

Scammony one drachm 

Resin of jalap 

Squills, each, one drachm and a-half 
Syrup of buckthorn sufficient 

Mix. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm, 

in dropsy or lead colic. Cadet. 

R. Powdered jalap two drachms 

Cremor tartar one ounce and a-half 
Ginger one scruple 

Molasses two ounces and a-half 

Mix. Dose, two drachms. Beasley. 

R. Powdered jalap 
Cremor tartar 

Nitre, each, half an ounce 

Confection of senna one ounce 

Simple syrup sufficient 

Mix. A bolus the size of a hazelnut, 

three or four times a-day, in hemorrhoids. 

Ellis. 

Emulsion of Jalap. 
R. Resin of jalap nine grains 



JUGLANS CINEREA-JUNIPERUS. 



Soap three grains 

Olive oil one ounce and a-half 

Triturate well. Said to be useful in dys- 
entery. A tablespoonful, occasionally. 

Vogel. 

Mixture of Jalap. 

R. Infusion of senna six fl. ounces 

Extract of jalap half a drachm 

Tartrate of potassa four drachms 

Oil of ginger twenty minims 

Mix. 



Soap op Jalap. 
R. Resin of jalap 

Soap equal parts 

Dissolve in 

Alcohol sufficient 

Evaporate to pilular consistence. Dose, 
ten to fifteen grains. ' Pruss. Ph. 

Tincture op Jalap. 
R. Powdered jalap eight ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 

Seldom given alone, but added to. cathartic 
mixtures, in portions of one to two fl. drachms. 

Compound Tincture op Jalap. 

R. Jalap six drachms 

Black hellebore three drachms 

Juniper berries half an ounce 

Rasped guaiacum half an ounce 

Brandy twenty-four fl. ounces 

Digest for three days, express, and filter. 
Ed. Ph. 1744. 

R. Jalap eight ounces 

Scammony two ounces 

Turbeth one ounce 

Brandy twelve pints 

Digest for twelve hours, on a water-bath, 

filter, and add 

Syrup of senna four pounds 

Mix. Giordano. 

Mixture op Tincture op Jalap. 

R. Tincture of jalap two fl. drachms 

Vinegar of squill one fl. drachm 

Mint water one fl. ounce 

Mix. To be taken three times a-day. 

Ellis: 



JUGLANS CINEREA. 
Butternut. 

The Butternut, or White Walnut, is an indigen- 
ous tree, with numerous, nearly horizontal, 
branches, found in many places in the United 
.States. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. polyand. Nat. Syst. Jug- 
landacefp. 

17 



257 



Linn. Sp. PL 1415. Griffith, Med. Bot. 5S9. 

The part used is the inner bark, especially of 
the root; this is fibrous, has little odor, but a pe- 
culiar bitter, somewhat acrid taste. It is, at first, 
white, but gradually changes to a dark brown. 
It is a mild cathartic, and is well suited to cases 
of costiveness and bowel affections. It is usually 
given in extract. 

Extract op Butternut. 
R . Butternut, in coarse powder, one pound 
Water sufficient 

Mix the butternut with a pint of the 
water, macerate for twenty-four hours, in- 
troduce into a displacement apparatus, and 
exhaust. Heat the fluid to a boiling point, 
strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. 
U. S. Ph. 

Dose, from five to ten grains, as a laxative ; 
from twenty to thirty, as a purgative. 



JUNIPERUS. 
Juniper. 

The common Juniper, J. communis, is an erect, 
evergreen shrub, sometimes attaining a large 
size, found in Europe, and Northern Asia and 
America. The tops and the berries are officinal. 

Sex, Syst. Dicec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Pina- 
cea?. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1470. Griffith, Med. Bot. 60S. 

The berries are oblong globular, marked with 
three radiating furrows at top, and contain three 
seeds. They are of a purplish black color, have 
a sweetish, somewhat terebinthinate taste, and a 
peculiar, aromatic odor. They are used as stimu- 
lating diuretics, especially as adjuvants to more 
active remedies. The tops have a balsamic 
odor, and a resinous, bitterish taste, with the 
same medicinal properties as the berries. 

Extract op Juniper. 
R. Bruised juniper berries one pound 
Distilled water three pints 

Macerate at 77° to 86° for twenty -four 
hours; strain with gentle pressure, add 
more water to the berries, and let stand for 
twelve hours. Filter, and evaporate to 
proper consistence. Dose, one to three 
drachms. Par. Cod. 

Infusion op Juniper. 

R. Juniper berries, bruised, one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse, and strain. To be taken during 

the twenty-four hours. Radius. 

Compound Infusion op Juniper. 
R . Juniper berries, bruised, 
Mustard seed 

Ginger, each, half an ounce 

Horseradish, bruised, 
Parsley root, bruised, each, one ounce 
Cider two pints 



258 



JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA— KINO, 



Infuse, and strain. A wineglassful, two 
or three times a-day, in general dropsy. 

Parrisli. 
R . Juniper berries, 

bruised, one ounce and a-half 

Cremor tartar one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse. A teacupful, several times a-day, 
with forty drops of sweet spirit of nitre. 
In dropsy. Ellis. 

R . Juniper berries, 

bruised, two ounces and a-half 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for two hours, and strain; add 
Compound spirit of 
juniper ten fl. drachms 

Dose, two fl. ounces, three times a-day. 

Beasley. 
Electuary of Juniper. 
R. Extract of juniper 

Clarified honey, each, one pound 

Juniper berries 
Cinnamon 

Orange peel, each, half an ounce 

Mix. Stomachic and diuretic. Dose, one 
to four drachms. Saxon Ph. 

Mixture with Oil of Juniper. 
R. Oil of juniper half a drachm 

Nitric ether 

Tincture of fox- 
glove, each, three drachms 
Mix. Twenty to thirty drops, every three 
hours. Hufeland. 
R. Oil of juniper eight drops 

Sugar 

Gum Arabic, each, a drachm and a-half 

Distilled water four fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful, every hour or two, 
as a diuretic. Ellis. 



Compound Spirit of Juniper. 
R. Juniper berries, bruised, one pound 

Carraway, bruised, 

Fennel, bruised, each, 

one ounce and a-half 

Diluted alcohol one gallon 

Water two pints 

Macerate in the alcohol, for twenty-four 
hours, add the water, and with a slow fire, 
distil one gallon. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, two to four fl. drachms, as an addition 
to diuretic mixtures, &c, in debilitated cases of 
dropsy. 

Liniment of Juniper. 
R. Oil of juniper one ounce and a-half 

Oil of anise six drops 

Lard two ounces 

Mix well; as an application in tinea capitis. 

Sully. 
R. Spirit of juniper two ounces 

Oil of cloves 

Butter of nutmeg, each, half a drachm 
Mix. As a friction in ecchymosis, and 
indolent tumors. August in. 



JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA. 

Red Cedar. 

The tops of the red cedar are officinal. This 
is an evergreen tree, sometimes attaining a great 
size, with small, fleshy, closely imbricated leaves. 
It is found in all parts of the United States, but 
is most abundant and vigorous in the south. 

Sex. Syst. Diosc. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Vi- 
naceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1471. Griffith, Med. Bot. 609. 

The leaves or tops have a peculiarand some- 
what aromatic odor, a bitterish and somewhat 
acrid taste. They have much the same proper- 
ties as those of savine, but are not as active, 
though often used as a substitute for them. 



K 



KINO. 
Kino. 

This is an extract obtained from several dif- 
ferent plants, but that most used and esteemed 
is the product of Pterocarpus marsupium, a large 
tree, indigenous to some parts of India. 

It is usually in small, angular fragments, of a 
dark, brownish-black color, opaque and shining, 
of a brittle and friable consistence, an astringent 
and slightly bitter taste ; adhering to the teeth 



when chewed, and tinging the saliva of a red 
color. It is a powerful astringent, and much 
used in the treatment of mucous discharges, &c, 
and as a local application in gonorrhoea, to in- 
dolent ulcers, relaxed uvula, &c. The dose in 
powder is from ten to thirty grains. 

Compound Powder of Kino. 
R. Powdered kino fifteen drachms 

opium one drachm 

cinnamon four drachms 



KRAMERIA. 



259 



Rub well together. Dose, five to twenty 
grains. Lond. Ph. 

As an anodyne astringent, in diarrhoea and 
hemorrhage of the bowels. 

R. Powdered kino 

Sugar of milk, each, one scruple 

Mix. To be taken every three or four 
hours, in cardialgia. Radius. 

Compound Pills of Kino. 

R. Powdered kino one scruple 

opium two grains 

Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient 

Mix, and make four pills. One, every 

four hours, in diarrhoea, pyrosis, &c. 

Ellis. 
R. Powdered kino two scruples 

camphor thirty grains 

Aromatic powder one scruple 

Oxide of zinc ten grains 

Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient 

Mix, and make twenty pills. Two, morn- 
ing and evening, in diabetes. Aagustin. 

Electuary of Kino. 
R . Powdered kino six drachms 

alum 

cinnamon, each, two drachms 

Syrup sufficient 

Mix into an electuary. One drachm, two 

or three times a-day, in diarrhoea, chronic 

dysentery, &c. JSwediaur. 

Infusion of Kino. 

R. Kino two drachms 

Boiling water eight, fl. ounces 

Infuse, and strain when cool. Dose, a 

fl. ounce. Wood. 

Injection op Kino. 

R. Kino one to two drachms 

Alum twenty to thirty grains 

Boiling water two pints 

Infuse for an hour, and strain. As an 

injection in chronic uretritis. Swediaur. 

Syrup of Kino. 

R. Kino two ounces 

Tepid water three pints 
Dissolve, and add 

Sugar four pounds 
Clarify, and evaporate to consistence of 

syrup. Taddei. 

Tincture of Kino. 
R. Powdered kino three ounces and a-half 
Rectified spirit two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 

Lond. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. drachms, generally as an 
adjuvant to astringent mixtures. 



KRAMERIA. 

Rhatany. 

The roots of several species of Krameria are 
possessed of analogous properties, but the only 
one that is officinal, is that of K. triandra, a 
small shrub found in Peru, in dry, sandy places. 
The stem is procumbent, and much branched t 
with sessile, hairy leaves, and dark red flowers. 
The root is long and branching. 

Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Poly- 
galaceee. 

Ruiz & Pavon, Fl. Per. i. 93. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 227. 

The dried root is of a dark, reddish-brown 
color, with no odor, but a bitter and astringent 
taste. The small roots are the most powerful . 
It is somewhat tonic, and powerfully astringent. 
It is used for most purposes to which the vege- 
table astringents are applied. The dose in pow- 
der is from twenty to thirty grains. 

Compound Powder of Rhatany. 
R. Extract of rhatany 

Catechu, each, ten grains 

Alum four grains 

Powdered liquorice ten grains 

Mix. To be taken three or four times a- 

day, in diarrhoea, &c. Vogt. 

Dentrifice of Rhatany. 

R . Extract of rhatany one to two drachms 

myrrh one drachm 

Powdered orris six drachms 

Oil of cinnamon two drops 

myrrh ten drops 

Balsam Peru ten grains 

Mix well. Phoebus. 

Extract of Rhatany. 
R. Prepared like extract of gentian. 

U. S. Ph. 

Dose, ten to twenty grains. 

Pills of Rhatany. 

R . Extract of rhatany one scruple 

Powdered kino sufficient 

Mix, and make eight pills. One, every 

hour or two, to check mucous discharges. 

Ellis. 

R. Extract of rhatany one drachm 

rhubarb two scruples 

Ginger one scruple 

Mix, and make twenty-four pills. Ree.ce. 

Electuary of Rhatany. 

R. Powdered rhatany one ounce 

ginger one drachm 

Syrup of orange peel sufficient 

Mix. A teaspoonful every two or three 

hours. Ferrara Ph. 

Infusion of Rhatany. 
R . Bruised rhatany one ounce 



260 



LAC. 



Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for four hours, and strain. 

U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one to two fl. ounces. 

CoLLUTORY OF RHATANY. 

R. Extract of rhatany half a drachm 
Mucilage of quince 

seeds two drachms and a-half 

Sage water one ounce and a-half 

Mix. As a mouth-wash in aphthae, &c. 
Radius. 
Clyster of Ehatany. 
R. Extract of rhatany one scruple 

Mucilage of quince 

seeds three drachms 

Infusion of sage one fl. ounce and a-half 

Mix. To check diarrhoea, &c. Amnion. 

Injection of Rhatany. 
R. Extract of rhatany half an ounce 
Tincture of catechu 

kino, each, 

one drachm and a-half 
To be added to a decoction of 

Rhatany ten drachms 

Water three pints 

Reduced to two-thirds, and strained. As 

an injection in leucorrhcea, and prolapsus 

of the uterus. Cadet. 

Mixture of Rhatany. 
R. Extract of rhatany one drachm 

Syrup of poppies 
Rose water, each, two fl. ounces 



Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, in pas- 
sive hemorrhage and chronic dysentery. 

Fouquier. 

R. Extract of rhatany one drachm 

Chamomile water six fl. ounces 

Elixir of vitriol half a drachm 

Mix. As the last. Hildebrand. 

Syrup of Rhatany. 

R. Extract of rhatany two ounces 

Water one pint 

Sugar two pounds and a-half 

Dissolve the extract in the water, add the 

sugar, and form syrup. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, half fl. ounce. 

Tincture of Rhatany. 

R. Powdered rhatany six ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one to two fl. drachms. 

Compound Ointment of Rhatany. 



R. 



Melt the first three ingredients, over a 
gentle fire, and add the rhatany and alum, 
in fine powder, and incorporate well. 

Useful where an astringent application is in- 
dicated. 



Burgundy pitch 


eight parts 


Venice turpentine 


two parts 


White wax 


one part 


Extract of rhatany 


two parts 


Alum 


one part 



LAC. 

Milk. 

The milk of several animals has been used 
medicinally, but that generally employed is from 
the cow. It is mostly employed in the form of 
whey, and of sugar of milk. 

Simple Whey. 
R. Milk three pints 

Prepared rennet sufficient 

Cover up the mixture, and place before the 
fire, till a uniform curd is formed; divide 
this with a spoon, and strain. A good 
diluent in febrile affections; when boiled 
down to one half, it is nutritive. 

A. T. Thomson. 



Vinegar Whey. 
R. Milk one pint 

Vinegar half fl. ounce 

Boil a few minutes, and separate the curd. 

Ellis. 

Tamarind Whey. 

R. Boiling milk one pint 

Tamarinds two ounces 

Boil till coagulation is effected, and strain. 

Plenck. 

Cremor Tartar Whey. 
R. Boiling milk one quart 

Cremor tartar half an ounce 

Boil until the curd separates, and strain. 
Plenck. 



LAC. 261 



Alum Whey. 
R. Clear whey one pint 

Alum two drachms 

Dissolve. A glassful occasionally, in pas- 
sive hemorrhages. Foy. 

Aromatic Alum "Whet. 

R. Powdered alum one drachm 

Sugar of milk half a drachm 

Powdered cinnamon fifteen grains 

Milk two pints 

Boil, and strain when coagulated. In 

passive uterine hemorrhages. To be taken 

during the day. Niemann. 

Mustard Whey. 
R. Bruised mustard seed half an ounce 
Milk one pint 

Boil till the milk is coagulated, and strain. 
A cupful, as a diuretic, in dropsical affec- 
tions. A. T. Thomson. 

Wine Whey. 
R. Boiling milk half a pint 

White wine one to two fl. ounces 

Sugar sufficient 

Boil for ten minutes, constantly stirring, 
then strain. A good mode of giving wine 
as a stimulant. Dose must depend on cir- 
cumstances. Ellis. 

Powder op Milk. 
R. Milk two pints 

Powdered carbonate of 

soda half a drachm 

Water one fl. ounce 

Sugar one pound 

Dissolve the soda in the water, add the 
solution to the milk, gently heat, and stir. 
When evaporated to one-third, add the 
sugar gradually, and stir. Remove from 
fire, pour into plates, and dry in an oven. 
When dry, powder, and keep in well stop- 
ped bottles. One to two ounces, mixed 
with a quart of water, forms an agreeable 
drink, and is a good substitute for milk. 
Ler/rip. 

Artificial Goats' Milk. 
R. Fresh suet one ounce 

Cut in small pieces, and tic in a muslin 
bag, and boil in 

Milk two pints 

Sugar candy two drachms 

A good diet in scrofulous emaciation, and 

in latter stages of phthisis. A. T. Thomson. 

Mixture of Milk and Suet. 
R. Shceps' suet two ounces 

Milk one pint 

Starch half an ounce 



Boil slowly for half an hour. As a drink, 
in dysentery and cholera infantum. Ellis. 

Milk and Soda Water. 
R. Milk a teacupful 

Heat nearly to boiling, and add 

Sugar a teaspoonful 

Put in a large tumbler, and add 

Soda water sufficient 

A good mode of taking milk when there 
is much acidity of stomach. 

A. T. Thomson. 

Sugar of Milk. 
R. Plain whey at will 

Clarify with white of egg, and evaporate 
on water-bath, to crystallization, and set 
aside in a cool place. Redwood. 

Cooling and laxative, in doses of two drachms 
to one ounce. 

Syrup op Milk. 
R. Skimmed milk twelve pounds 

Evaporate to one-half, and add 

Sugar nine pounds 

Cherry laurel water three ounces 

Guibourt. 

Mixture of Sugar of Milk and Ice- 
land Moss. 

R. Iceland moss four drachms 

Water one pint and a-half 

Reduce to one-half by boiling, strain, and 

add 

Sugar of milk two drachms 

Milk one pint 

Syrup of asparagus three ounces 

A cupful, occasionally, in chronic catarrh. 

Cadet. 

Mixture of Sugar of Milk and Gum 

Arabic. 
R. Sugar of milk 

Sugar, each, two pounds 

Gum Arabic three pounds 

Extract of dog grass, seven ounces 
Mix. Half an ounce dissolved in a quart 
of water, forms a refreshing and demul- 
cent drink. Cadet. 

Sugar op Milk Draught. 
R . Sugar of milk half an ounce. 

Boiling water two pounds 

Lemon juice sufficient 

Mix. Recommended in cholera, to ap- 
pease the thirst. Amnion. 

Parolic Cement. 
R. Curd of milk, dried and 

powdered ten ounces 

one ounce 

two drachms 



Quicklime, powdered, 
Camphor 



262 



LACCA— LACTUCA. 



Mis, and keep in closely- stopped bottles. 
"When used, a portion is to be mixed with 
a little water into a paste, to be applied 
quickly. Used to cement broken glass, 
china, &c. Cooley. 



LACCA. 

Lac 

Is a resinous substance obtained from several 
kinds of East Indian plants, but particularly 
from the Croton lacciferum. Many varieties are 
known in commerce, but the principal are seed, 
shell, and stick lac, of which the purest is the 
shell. This is in thin fragments of various 
shades of yellow, or reddish color; brittle, in- 
odorous, and insipid. It is somewhat astringent, 
and was formerly used in medicine, but is now 
mainly employed in the arts, for the manufac- 
ture of varnishes, sealing wax, &c. 

"White or Bleached Lac. 
R. Shell lac at will 

Boil in solution of potassa, pass chlorine 
gas through the solution, and malaxate in 
hot water. Redwood. 

Aqueous Solution oe Lac. 
R. Shell lac five ounces 

Borax one ounce 

Water one pint 

Boil together, and strain. Used as a var- 
nish, or a vehicle for colors. Mixed with 
lampblack, it forms an ink that will resist 
the action of acids. Coolcy. 

Cement of Shell Lac. 

R. Shell lac at will 

Alcohol sufficient 

to make a solution of the consistence of 

molasses. Exceedingly tenacious. Cooley. 

Sealing "Wax, Red. 

R. Shell lac two pounds 

Venice turpentine one pound 

Vermilion one pound and a-half 

Melt the lac and turpentine together, and 

stir in the vermilion. Gray. 

The other colored waxes are made in the 

same manner, using the appropriate pigment. 



LACTUCA ELONGATA. 
"Wild Lettuce. 

The Wild Lettuce is an indigenous, herbace- 
ous perennial, from three to six feet high, with 
pale yellow flowers, growing in woods and fer- 
tile soils. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. asqual. Nat. Syst. Astera- 

Willd. S P . PI. iii. 1525. Big. Seq. 241. 
Considered to resemble the Lactuca virosa in 



medical properties. An extract made from it 
may be given in doses of five to fifteen grains. 



LACTUCA. 

Lettuce. 

This well known plant is commonly culti- 
vated for the table as a salad. It is erect and 
leafy, the leaves being ovate, semi-amplexicant, 
and entire or toothed. The whole abounding in 
a bitter, milky juice. 

It is anodyne and sedative, £>ut is seldom used 
in this country except in the form of the extract, 
or lactucarium, but is employed to fulfil many 
indications in Europe. 

Mixture of Lettuce and Dandelion. 
R. Fresh leaves of lettuce 
and root of dandelion 

of chicory, each, three 
ounces 
Beat the whole into a pulp, adding, gradu- 
ally, 

Peppermint water three ounces 

Express, and filter. To be taken, during 
the day, in hypochondriasis, with insomnia. 

Yocjht. 

Extract of Lettuce. Thridace. 

R . Juice of the bark of lettuce at will 

Evaporate in the stove by a gentle heat, 

on plates. Par. Cod. 



Syrup of Thridace. 
R. Thridace two drachms 

Water two fl. ounces 

Add to the solution 

Boiling syrup one pound 

Evaporate, and strain. Par. Cod. 

Extract of Lettuce. Lactucarium. 
R. Collect the milky juice that flows from 
incisions made in the stalks of lettuce. 

U. S. Ph. 
Pills of Lactucarium. 
R. Lactucarium twelve grains 

Make six pills; one every two hours, till 
sleep is procured. Ellis. 

R . Lactucarium twelve grains 

Conserve of elder berries 

Extract of liquorice, each, sufficient 
Mix, and make four pills. One, every 
three hours, in obstinate coughs, with- 
out expectoration. Br era. 

Mixture of Lactucarium. 
R. Lactucarium thirty grains 

Decoction of Iceland moss two ounces 

Mucilage half an ounce 

Syrup one ounce 

Mix. Two spoonfuls every two hours, in 
spasmodic cough, insomnia, hysteria, Arc. 
Br era. 



LAURUS. 



263 



Syrup op Lactucarium. 
R. Lactucarium seventeen grains 

Distilled water three hundred grains 
Simple syrup half a pint 

Extract the lactucarium, with the water 
at the boiling temperature, add the solu- 
tion to the syrup, and evaporate it to half 
a pint. Monchon. 

Tincture op Lactucarium. 
R. Powdered lactucarium four ounces 
Proof spirit two pints 

Act by displacement or digestion. 

Ed. Ph. 

Dose, thirty minims to two fl. drachms. 

Lozenges op Lactucarium. 
R. Powdered lactucarium two drachms 

sugar six ounces 

gum Arabic 

liquorice, each, five ounces 
Mix, and make lozenges. Ed. Ph. 

As expectorant, in catarrhal affections. 

Watery Extract op Lettuce. 
R . Fresh lettuce leaves one pound 

Bruise them in a stone mortar, adding a 
little water, express the juice, and evapo- 
rate, without straining, to a proper con- 
sistence. Lond. Ph. 

Dose, five to fifteen grains. 
R. Bark and leaves of lettuce, when old 
and yellow ; macerate in water for twenty- 
four hours, boil for two hours, drain through 
a sieve, evaporate in shallow vessels by 
exposure. Dose, three to four grains. 

Probait. 

Powder op Extract op Lettuce. 

R. Extract of lettuce two grains 

Powdered foxglove half a grain 

sugar twelve grains 

Mix. To be taken every two hours, in 

hydrothorax. Hufeland. 

Mixture op Extract op Lettuce. 
R. Extract of lettuce two scruples 

Tincture of foxglove half an ounce 
Vinous cinnamon 

water one drachm and a-half 

Mix. Thirty drops to one fl. drachm, every 
two hours. Radius. 

Aromatic Tincture op Lettuce. 
R . Leaves of lettuce one ounce 

Cinnamon one drachm 

Alcohol 

"Water, each, four fl. ounces 

Mix. Macerate for a week, express, and 

filter. Fifteen to thirty drops, in dropsy. 

Niemann. 



Water op Lettuce. 
R. Fresh lettuce ten parts 

Water twenty parts 

Distil off ten parts. Par. Cod. 

Dose, half a fl. ounce to two fl. ounces. 

Syrup of Lettuce. 
R. Water of lettuce one pint 

Sugar two pounds 

Make syrup. Par. Cod. 

Mixture op Water op Lettuce. 
R. Water of lettuce 

linden, each, two fl. ounces 

orange flowers two drachms 

Syrup of poppies one ounce 

Mix. A spoonful every two hours. Foy. 



LAURUS. 

Laurel. Bay Tree. 

The berries (Lauri baccas) and leaves (Lauri 
folia) of the Lanrus nobilis, or bay tree, are used 
in medicine. This laurel is a small, evergreen 
tree, indigenous to the countries bordering on 
the Mediterranean. 

Scx.Syst. Enneand. monog. Nat.Syst. Laura- 
cese. 

Linn. Sp. PL 529. Griffith, Med. Bot. 550. 

The leaves are fragrant, and have an aromatic, 
bitterish taste. The berries are small, ova], of a 
deep blue, when fresh, of a brownish-black, 
when dried, aromatic, and with an acrid, bitter- 
ish taste; they contain a concrete, greenish oil. 
Neither the leaves nor berries, nor their products, 
are now much used in medicine ; they are stimu- 
lant and narcotic. 

Oil op Laurel. 
R. Laurel berries at will 

Crush, warm the pulp for a few moments 
by a gentle heat, and subject to pressure. 
Guibourt. 
Used as a friction, in swelling and pain in the 
joints, colic, &c. 

Laurel Ointment. 
R. Suet eight ounces 

Melt, and add 

Laurel oil one pound 

Essence of turpen- 
tine one ounce and a-half 
Port Ph. 
There are a variety of formulas for this oint- 
ment, which is much used under the name of 
Nervine ointment, or balsam. 

R. Fresh laurel leaves 

berries, each, one pound 

Lard two pounds 

Digest the bruised leaves and berries with 

the lard, till all moisture is driven off, and 

express. Par. Cod. 

Both these are used as stimulating frictions. 



264 



LAURO CERASUS— LAVANDULA. 



LAUPiO CERASUS. 
Cherry Laurel. 

This is the officinal appellation of the leaves 
of the Primus lauro cerasus, a small evergreen 
tree, a native of Asia Minor, but cultivated in 
the temperate parts of Europe, both for orna- 
ment and for medicinal purposes. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Dru pa- 
Linn. Sp. PL G7S. Griffith, Med. Bot. 2S9. 
The leaves are ovate-oblong, smooth, and 
shining, with scarcely any smell when entire, 
but when bruised, giving out a strong bitter al- 
mond odor; they have an astringent, bitter taste, 
with a flavor like the peach kernel. They be- 
come scentless by desiccation. They possess 
properties analogous to those of hydrocyanic 
acid, and some of the preparations from them 
are used for simila'r purposes. From the plant 
not being cultivated in this country, these pre- 
parations are not in use. 

Cherry Laurel Water. 
R. Fresh leaves of cherry 

laurel one pound 

Water two pints and a-half 

Compound spirits of 

lavender one ounce 

Bruise the leaves, mix them with the wa- 
ter, and distil off one pint ; agitate this 
well ; if any milkiness remain, filter, then 
add the spirit of lavender. Ed. Ph. 

A sedative narcotic, similar to diluted hydro- 
cyanic acid, but of uncertain strength. Dose, 
thirty minims to a fl. drachm. 

Infusion of Cherry Laurel. 
R. Fresh leaves of cherry 

laurel four ounces 

Boiling water two pints 

Infuse, strain, and add 

Clarified honey four ounces 

Used as a lotion in cancer of the lips, and 
in malignant ulcers. Cadet. 

Ointment of Cherry Laurel. 
R. Essential oil of cherry 

laurel one drachm 

Lard one ounce 

Mix. As an application to alleviate pain 
of cancers. Soubeiran. 

Cherry Laurel Water Lotion. 
R. Distilled cherry laurel 

■water four ounces 

Sulphuric ether one ounce 

Extract of belladonna two drachms 
Mix. Said to be very beneficial as a lo- 
tion in cases of neuralgia. Poux. 

Mixture of Cherry Laurel Water. 

R. Cherry laurel water sixty drops 

Peppermint water two fl. ounces 

Infusion of quassia four fl. ounces 



Mix. In dysentery, &c, in doses of a 
tablespoonful, three times a-day. Aiujustin. 

Cerate of Cherry Laurel. 
R. Cherry laurel water twelve parts 

Oil of almonds sixteen parts 

White wax four parts 

Melt the oil and wax together, and mix 
the cherry laurel water, stirring well. As 
an application to burns. Roux. 



LAVANDULA. 

Lavender. 

Several species of Lavender are used in me- 
dicine, but the only one recognized by the U. S. 
Ph. is the Lavandula vera. ' This is a small shrub, 
a native of the south of Europe, and commonly 
cultivated in our gardens ; it has opposite, ses- 
sile, narrow leaves, and spikes of small, blue 
flowers. 

Sex. Syst. Didym. gymnos. Nat. Syst. Lami- 
acere. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 800. Griffith, Med. Bot. 501. 

The part used is the flowers: these have a 
strong, fragrant odor, and an aromatic, warm, 
bitterish taste. Lavender is an aromatic stimu- 
lant, and much used in nervous debility, but is 
mostly employed as a perfume. 

Compound Powder of Lavender. 

R. Lavender 
Benzoin 
Cloves 

Sal ammoniac, each, one ounce 

Petals of red roses four ounces 

Pomegranate flowers 
Chamomile flowers 

Pot marygold flowers, each, two ounces 
Peppermint flowers six drachms 

Myrrh four drachms 

Cologne water two drachms 

Solution of ammonia eighteen drops 
Oil of cinnamon six drops 

Mix well. To perfume rooms and 

drawers. Guibourt. 

Spirit of Lavender. 

R. Fresh lavender two pounds 

Alcohol one gallon 

Water two pints 

Mix, and distil a gallon by a slow fire. 

U. S. Ph. 
Lavender Water. 

R. Oil of lavender one fl. ounce 

Diluted alcohol fifteen fl. ounces 

Mix. Gray. 

R. Alcohol five gallons 

Oil of lavender twenty ounces 

bergamot five ounces 

Essence of ambergris half an ounce 

Mix. 



LIMON. 



Oil of lavender four ounces 

Essence of musk two ounces 

Oil of berga- 

mot ten fl. drachms and a-half 



Oil of cloves 
roses 
origanum 
rosemary 



five drachms 

one drachm 

half a drachm 

half a drachm 

ten pints 

two pints 



Alcohol 
Water 
Mis. 

These are used for perfumes. 

Compound Spirit op Lavender. 

R. Spirit of lavender three pints 

Spirit of rosemary one pint 

Bruised cinnamon one ounce 

cloves two drachms 

nutmeg half an ounce 

Easped red saunders three drachms 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. U. S. Ph. 

As a stimulant and carminative, in doses of 

thirty drops to a fl. drachm. 

Ointment op Lavender. 
R. Oil of lavender 
nutmeg 
Butter of cocoa equal parts 

Mix. To increase the growth of hair. 

Ethereal Tincture op Lavender. 
R. Oil of lavender one part 

Sulphuric ether seven parts 

Mix. Dose, five to ten drops. Beral. 

Compound Essence of Lavender. 



R. Oil of lavender 
cloves 
orange peel 
bergamot 
Sweet spirit of nitre 
Oil of yellow sandal 
neroli 
roses, each, 
cinnamon 
Diluted alcohol 
Dissolve, and add 
Honey water 

Essence of ambergris and 
musk 
Mix. As a perfume. 



forty-eight drops 

thirty-two drops 

sixteen drops 

eight drops 

eight drops 



two drops 

one drop 

one ounce 

eight ounces 

one ounce 
Redwood. 



LIMON. 

Lemon. 

The Lemon is the fruit of the Citrus limonum, 
a native of Asia, but now generally cultivated 
in all warm climates. 

V Sex. Sijd. Polydelph. icosand. Nat. Syst 
Aurantiacete. 



265 

Griffith, Med. Bot. 



Risso, Ann. Mus. xx. 207. 
16S. 

The parts used in medicine are, the juice and 
the outer rind ; the latter has a fragrant odor, 
and an aromatic, bitter taste; the juice, as is well 
known, is very acid, with a peculiar, grateful, 
and refreshing taste. 

Essence op Lemon. 
R. Pure oil of lemon one fl. ounce 

Deodorized alcohol eight fl. ounces 
Exterior rind of 

lemon (fresh) half an ounce 

Mix. Macerate for forty-eight hours, and 
filter; used for flavoring mixtures, and for 
pastry. W. Procter. 

Lozenges op Oil op Lemon. 
R. Oil of lemon one drachm 

Sugar twelve ounces 

Lemon water sufficient 

Boil one-third of the sugar, with the lemon 
water, to the consistence of honey, by a 
gentle heat, add the rest of the sugar and 
the oil, and form lozenges. Cottereau. 

Lozenges op Lemon Juice. 

R. Lemon juice two ounces and a-half 
Sugar sixteen ounces 

Essence of lemon one scruple 

Mix, and form lozenges. Radius. 

COLLUTORY OP LEMON JUICE. 

R. Lemon juice 

Sugar, each, one part 

Claret wine sixteen parts 

As a mouth-wash in scurvy. Brera. 



Lemonade. 



R. Lemon juice 
Fresh lemon peel 
Sugar 
Boiling water 

Mix, and let cool. 

R. Lemons 



four ounces 

half an ounce 

four ounces 

three pints 

Ellis. 

three 

two pints 

two ounces 



Boiling water 

Sugar 

Cut the lemons in slices, pour the water 
on them, and add the sugar at the end of 
an hour, and strain. Raticr. 

Compound Lemonade. 
R. Lemons two 

Peel them, remove the seeds, and beat 
them with 

Toasted bread two ounces 

Adding, gradually, 

Infusion of malt one pint and a-half 
Strain, and add 

Syrup of mulberrpf one ounce 

Wine ^ six ounces 

Cadet. 



266 LIMON. 



Lemon Peel Water. 
R. Pare the rind of one lemon, previously 
rubbed with half an ounce of loaf sugar; 
put both into a jar, and add a quart of 
boiling water; when cold decant, and add 
one tablespoonful of lemon juice. 

A. T. TJwmson. 

Lemon Syrup. 

R. Strained lemon juice one pint 

Sugar two pounds 

Mix, and form syrup. U. S. Ph. 

Syrup of Lemon Peel. 
R. Fresh lemon peel three ounces 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for three days, and add 

Syrup three pounds 

Guibourt. 

Yinous Syrup of Lemon Peel. 

R. Fresh lemon peel half a pound 

Wine a pint and a-half 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, express, 

and add 

Syrup one pound and a-half 

Boil, strain, and add 
Oil of lemon, rubbed 

with sugar fifteen drops 

Sard. Ph. 

Spirit of Lemon. 

R. Fresh lemon peel one part 

Alcohol four parts 

Water two parts 

Macerate for two days, and then distil four 

parts. Taddci. 

Odoriferous Spirit of Lemon. 
R. Oil of lemon 

bergamot 

lavender, each, one part 

Acetic ether four parts 

Mix. Used as a perfume. Sax. Ph. 

Cologne Water. 
R. Oil of bergamot 
lemon 

cedrat, each, three ounces 

rosemary 
neroli 
lavender, each, 

one ounce and a-half 

cinnamon six drachms 

Alcohol twenty-four pounds 

Eau de melisse three pounds 

Spirit of rosemary two pounds 

Dissolve the oils in the alcohol, add the 

other articles, and distil four-fifths. 

Cotter eau. 

R. Balm two pounds 

Rosemary eight ounces 



Lemon peel 
Nutmeg 
Cloves 
Cinnamon 
Coriander, each, 
Oil of bergamot 
Alcohol 
Water 



two ounces 
one ounce 
six pounds 
eight pounds 



Mix, and distil by a gentle fire. 

Niemann. 
R. Oil of neroli 
lemon 
bergamot 
orange 

rosemary, each, twelve drops 

Cardamom one drachm 

Alcohol one pint 

Mix, and distil two-thirds. Said by Troms- 

dorff to be the formula used at Cologne. 

Niemann. 
R. Oil of bergamot 
lemon 
cedrat 

neroli, each, four drachms 

cinnamon 

rosemary, each, one drachm 

Alcohol three pounds 

Spirit of rosemary three ounces 

Digest for a few days, and distil almost to 

dryness, add to the product 

Balm water nine ounces 

Spirit of jasmine 

orris, each, four drachms 

Giordano. 

R . Oil of bergamot three ounces 

lemon two ounces 

lavender three drachms and a-half 

neroli two drachms and a-half 

origanum two drachms 

rosemary one drachm 

Essence of vanilla two drachms 

Musk ten grains 

Alcohol thirteen pints 

Rose water two pints 

Orange-flower water one pint 

Mix, and after fourteen days, filter. Gray. 

R. Essence of bergamot two ounces 
rosemary 

mint, each, one drachm 

lemon two drachms 

neroli ten grains 

Balm water two ounces and a-half 

Mix. Ferrer a Ph. 

R. Oil of bergamot 

lemons, each, one drachm 

neroli half a drachni 

cedrat twenty drops 



LINUM— LIRIODENDRON. 



267 



Honey water one ounce 

Alcohol one pint 

Mix. Gray. 

R. Oil of neroli 
orange 
lemon 
marjoram 
rosemary, 

each, one drachm and a-half 

cinnamon fonr drops 

Civet three grains 

Ambergris two grains 

Alcohol four pounds and a-half 

Macerate for a month, and filter. 

Swediaur. 

R. Oil of bergamot three drachms 

lemon two drachms 

lavender twenty-five drops 

neroli fifteen drops 

origanum ten drops 

Alcohol two pints 

Mix. Gray. 

Unparalleled Water. 

R • Oil of lemon half an ounce 

bergamot two drachms and a-half 

cedrat two drachms 

Alcohol seventy-two ounces 

Hungary water eight ounces 

Mix, and distil all but nine ounces. 

Giuhourt. 



LINUM. 

Flaxseed. 

Flaxseed is the product of Linum usitatissi- 
mum, or common flax, now cultivated in most 
parts of the world, but whose native country is 
unknown. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. pentag. Nat. Syst. Linaceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 397. Griffith, Med. Bot. 206. 

Both the seeds and the oil extracted from them 
are officinal. The first are small, oval, shining, 
and of a brown color. They are devoid of smell, 
and have a mucilaginous taste when unbroken, 
but an oily one when chewed. When steeped 
in water, they afford a viscid, inodorous and al- 
most tasteless mucilage. The oil, which is ob- 
tained by expression, is laxative and emollient, 
but is principally used in the arts. 

Compound Meal oe Flaxseed. 
R. Flaxseed meal 

Barley meal 

Rye meal equal parts 

Mix. To make cataplasm. Cottereau. 

Emollient Cataplasm. 
R. Compound meal of flax- 
seed four ounces 
Water sufficient. 
Boil to proper consistence. Par. Cod. 



Cataplasm op Flaxseed. 
R. Boiling water one pint 

Flaxseed meal sufficient 

Mix, and make cataplasm. Lond. Ph. 

Infusion op Flaxseed. 
R. Flaxseed half an ounce 

Liquorice, bruised, two drachms 

Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for four hours, in a covered ves- 
sel, and strain. IT. S. Ph. 

A pleasant demulcent drink, in inflammatory 
affections of the lungs, bladder, &c. 

Flaxseed Mixture. 

R. Flaxseed one drachm 

Boiling water six ounces 

Infuse, strain, and add 

Syrup of poppies half an ounce 

Orange-flower water two drachms 

Mix. St Marie. 

Clyster oe Flaxseed Oil. 
R. Flaxseed oil two ounces 

infusion eight ounces 

Mix. Swediaur. 

Flaxseed Oil Liniment. 

R. Flaxseed oil twelve fl. ounces 

Lime water seven fl. ounces 

Mix. As an application to burns and 

scalds. Ainslie. 



LIRIODENDRON. 
Tulip Tree Bark. 

The tulip tree, or Liriodendrontulipifera, is one 
of the most magnificent of our native trees. It 
is found in most parts of the United States, and 
is popularly known as the poplar. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Magno- 
liacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 755. Griffith, Med. Bot. 98. 

The officinal portion is the bark ; this, when 
deprived of its epidermis, is of a yellowish white 
color, having a faint odor, but a bitter, pungent, 
aromatic taste. It is a stimulating tonic, and 
has been used as a febrifuge, as well as in dys- 
pepsia, chronic rheumatism, &c. The dose in 
powder is from half a drachm to two drachms. 

Infusion op Tulip Tree Bark. 
R. Tulip tree bark one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse, and strain. Dose, one to two fl. 
ounces, as a stimulating tonic and diapho- 
retic. Wood. 

Tincture op Tulip Tree Bark. 
R. Tulip tree bark, bruised, four ounces 

Diluted alcohol one pint 

Macerate for a week, express, and filter. 
Dose, about a fl. drachm. Beasley. 



268 



LOBELIA— LUPULINA. 



LOBELIA. 
Lobelia. 

Several species of Lobelia are medicinal, but 
the only one recognized as officinal, is the L. in- 
flate!, a small annual plant, found in most parts 
of the United States, having numerous small 
blue flowers, on leafy racemes. The leaves are 
ovate, sessile, serrate, and hairy. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lobeli- 
acese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1006. Griffith, Med. Bot. 41S. 

The whole herb is officinal, but the root and 
seed vessels are the most active. When dried, 
it has a somewhat unpleasant odor, and an 
acrid, burning, nauseous taste, resembling that 
of tobacco. It is emetic, and, in small doses, ex- 
pectorant and sudorific. It also possesses nar- 
cotic properties. It is principally used in asth- 
ma, it has also been used in other diseases of 
the respiratory organs, &c. Dose in substance, 
as an emetic, from five to twenty grains, as an 
expectorant, one to three grains. 

Infusion of Lobelia. 

R. Lobelia one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse. A fl. -ounce every half hour, till 

vomiting ensues. Ellis. 

Tincture of Lobelia. 
R. Lobelia four ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, as emetic, half fl. ounce ; as antispas- 
modic and expectorant in asthma, one to two fl. 
drachms, every two or three hours. 

Ethereal Tincture of Lobelia. 
R . Lobelia, in coarse powder, five ounces 
Spirit of sulphuric ether two pints 
Form tincture by displacement. Ed, Ph. 

Dose, the same as alcoholic tincture. 

R. Lobelia one pound 

Alcohol four pints 

Spirit of nitric ether four pints 

sulphuric ether four ounces 

Macerate for fourteen days in a dark 

place, and filter. Dose, five to twenty 

minims. Whitelaw. 

Mixture of Lobelia. 

R. Tincture of lobelia one drachm 

Decoction of mallows six ounces 

A spoonful, every two or three hours, as 

an expectorant. Radius. 

Acetic Extract of Lobelia. 
R. Lobelia seed, bruised, eight ounces 
Diluted alcohol four pints 

Acetic acid one fl. ounce 

Macerate the seed in the diluted alcohol, 
to which the acid has been added, for forty- 
eight hours ; then displace until four pints 



of tincture are obtained, using diluted al- 
cohol to expel the last portion, and then 
evaporate to the consistence of an extract. 
W. Procter. 

Vinegar of Lobelia. 
R. Lobelia leaves, in powder, four ounces 
Diluted acetic acid one and a-half pints 
Macerate for twelve hours, and displace 
until twenty-four fluid ounces are ob- 
tained — using diluted acetic acid to ex- 
pel the last portion. W. Procter. 

Syrup of Lobelia. 
R. Vinegar of lobelia six fl. ounces 

Sugar twelve ounces (av.) 

Dissolve the sugar in the vinegar, by aid 
of heat, remove the scum which rises, and 
strain. W. Procter. 



LUPULINA. 

Lupulin 



Is the powder attached to the strobiles of Hu- 
mulus Inpulus, and has all the properties of hops. 
It is a yellowish powder, mixed with portions of 
the scales of the hop strobiles. It is tonic, and 
somewhat narcotic. It is obtained by rubbing, 
or threshing and sifting the strobiles, or by wash- 
ing these several times in different portions of 
water, mixing the washings, and letting the lu- 
pulin deposit, when it is to be dried. The 
dose is from six to ten grains. 

Powder of Lupulin. 
R. Lupulin one part 

Sugar two parts 

Mix. Dose, ten to twenty grains. Foy. 

Pills of Lupulin. 
R. Lupulin at will 

Rub into mass in a warm mortar, and 
divide into two-grain pills. Mag&ndie. 
R. Lupulin two drachms 

Gum tragacanth 

Water, each, sufficient 

Make mass, and make pills of two grains. 

Tincture of Lupulin. 
R. Lupulin four ounces 

Alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 

U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one to two fl. drachms, in sweetened 
water. 

Syrup of Lupulin. 
R. Tincture of lupulin one part 

Syrup seven parts 

Mix. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. 

Foy. 
Emulsion with Lupulin. 
R. Tincture of lupulin four scruples 



Syrup of red poppies 

of orange flowers, 
each, 
Emulsion of almonds 
Water 



Mix. 



MACIS— MAGNESIA. 



269 



one ounce 

four ounces 

ten ounces 

Beral. 



Ointment of Lupulin. 
R. Lupulin one part 

Lard three parts 

Digest, on a water-bath, for five or six 
hours, and strain. To appease the pain of 
cancerous ulcers. Soubeiran. 



M 



MACIS. 

Mace. 

A laciniated and reticulated, smooth, thin> 
flexible membrane, of a saffron yellow color,' 
which is the arillus investing the shell of the 
nutmeg, which, in taste and odor, it much re- 
sembles. It is an active, aromatic stimulant, 
but is more used for culinary purposes than in 
medicine. The dose is from ten grains to a scru- 
ple. 

Tincture of Mace. 
R. Mace one part 

Alcohol (-851) eight parts 

Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. 

Beral. 
Dose, from thirty to forty drops, as a carmin- 
ative and stomachic. 

Carminative Drops. 

R . Oil of mace half a drachm 

Nitric ether a drachm and a-half 

Mix. In flatulent colic, ten or twelve 

drops on sugar. Radius. 

Nervine Balsam. 
R. Oil of mace four ounces 

Beef marrow four ounces 

Melt together, and add 
Oil of rosemary 

cloves 
Camphor 
Balsam tolu 
Dissolved in 

Rectified spirit 
As a liniment in rheumatism, &c. 

Rcdirnotl 



two drachms 
one drachm 
one drachm 

two drachms 

four drachms 



MAGNESIUM. 

This metal is not used, but many of its com- 
pounds are largely employed. 



MAGNESIA. 

Magnesia. 
R. Carbonate of magnesia, any quantity. 



Put in an earthen vessel, and expose it to a 
red heat for two hours, or till the carbonic 
acid is wholly expelled. U. S. Ph. 

Heavy Magnesia. 
R. Mix solutions of one hundred and 
twenty-three parts of crystallized sulphate 
of magnesia, and one hundred and forty- 
four parts of crystallized carbonate of soda; 
evaporate to dryness, and calcine till the 
carbonic acid is expelled. Dissolve out 
the sulphate of soda, wash, and dry. 

R. Phillips. 

Powder op Magnesia and Rhubarb. 

R. Powdered rhubarb one scruple 

Magnesia ten grains 

Oil of cinnamon one drop 

Mix. As a purgative, to be given in sugar 

and water. Ellis. 

Powder op Magnesia and Sulphur. 
R. Precipitated sulphur 

Magnesia, each, half an ounce 

Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times 
a-day, as an aperient. Ellis. 

Powder of Magnesia and Orange 

Peel. 
R. Magnesia four drachms 

Powdered orange peel 

fennel seed, each, one drachm 
Sugar two drachms 

Mix. Ten or twelve grains, three times 
a-day, as a stimulant to the digestive or- 
gans. Foy. 

Magnesia Mixture. 
R. Magnesia one drachm 

Water of ammonia one fl. drachm 
Spirit of cinnamon three fl. drachms 
Water five and a-half fl. ounces 

Mix. Recommended by Dr. James, in 
the cardialgia of pregnant women. Two 
or three teaspoonfuls, to be taken as oc- 
casion may recruire. Sims. 
R . Magnesia thirty grains 



270 



MAGNESIA ACETAS— MAGNESIAS CARBONAS. 



two drachms 



Syrup of ginger 
Peppermint 

water two fl. ounces and a-half 

Compound spirit of 

lavender half fl. drachm 

Spirit of caraway half fl. ounce 

Mix. A spoonful, every hour as an ant- 
acid. Foy. 

Magnesia and Gentian. 

R. Magnesia one drachm 

Infusion of gentian six fl. ounces 

Mix. A wineglassful, three times a-day, 

in cases of uric acid diathesis. Brande. 

Magnesia and Rhubarb Mixture. 

R. Magnesia half a-drachm 

Powdered rhubarh two grains 

sugar one drachm 

Essence of peppermint six drops 

Distilled water one fl. ounce and a-half 

Mix. In bowel complaints of children. 

A teaspoonful, every two hours, till it 

operates. Ellis. 

MAGNESIiE ACETAS. 

Acetate op Magnesia. 
R. Carbonate of mag- 
nesia one hundred and twenty parts 
Acetic acid sufficient 

to saturate. Evaporate till the mixture 
weighs three hundred parts. It forms a 
syrupy fluid. One ounce of this solution 
mixed with three ounces of syrup of 
oranges, constitutes the weaker solution, 
and one ounce and a-half to three ounces 
of syrup, forms the stronger solution. 

Renault 



MAGNESIA CARBONAS. 

Carbonate op Magnesia. 

Solution op Magnesia. 

R. Sulphate of magnesia seven drachms 

Bi-carbonate of soda nine drachms 

Water twenty fl. ounces 

Carbonic acid gas six volumes 

Dissolve the salts in the water, and pass 

the gas through the mixture. The result 

will be two drachms of bi-carbonate of 

magnesia, in solution. Phoebus. 

Dewees' Carminative. 

R. Carbonate of magnesia half a drachm 

Tincture of assafetida forty drops 

opium twenty drops 

Sugar one drachm 

Distilled water one fl. ounce 

Mix. In flatulent colic, diarrhoea, &c, of 



children. Dose, twenty drops and up- 
wards, according to age. 

Dewees. 

Dalby's Carminative. 

R. Carbonate of magnesia two scruples 

Oil of peppermint one drop 

nutmeg two drops 

aniseed three drops 

Tincture of castor thirty drops 

assafetida fifteen drops 

Spirit of pennyroyal fifteen drops 

Compound tincture of 

cardamom thirty drops 

Peppermint water two ounces 

Paris. 

R. Carbonate of potassa half an ounce 
magnesia twelve ounces 
Laudanum six fl. ounces 

Oil of peppermint 
caraway 

fennel, each, two fl. scruples 
Sugar thirty-two ounces 

Water ten pints 

Triturate the oils with the sugar and mag- 
nesia, then add the remainder. 

Phil. Coll. Pharm. 

Carbonate op Magnesia Mixture. 
R. Carbonate of magnesia half a drachm 
Sulphate of magnesia three drachms 
Aromatic spirit of 

ammonia one fl. drachm 

Tincture of rhubarb half fl. ounce 

henbane half fl. drachm 

Mint water four fl. ounces 

Mix. As a carminative cathartic. A ta- 

blespoonful, two or three times a-day. 

Meiys. 

Magnesia and Colchicum. 
R. Carbonate of magnesia one drachm 
Sugar 

Gum Arabic, each, sufficient 

Wine of colchicum forty drops 

Distilled water four fl. ounces 

Mix. In gout and rheumatism. A ta- 

blespoonful, every hour, till it operates. 

Ellis. 

Mixture op Magnesia and Camphor. 
R. Magnesia one drachm 

Camphor half a drachm 

ir 



Gum Arabic, each, sufficient 

Sulphuric ether half fl. drachm 

Distilled water four fl. ounces 

Mix. In flatulency and irritable stomach. 

A tablespoonful, four or five times a-day. 

Ellis. 



MAGNESLE CITRAS— MAGNESLE SULPHAS. 



271 



MAGNESIA CITKAS. 
Citrate of Magnesia. 
R. Citric acid at will 

Dissolve in water, and add 

Carbonate of magnesia sufficient 

to saturate ; wash the powder, and dry by 
a gentle heat. Laxative, but not as ac- 
tive as the sulphate. Beasley. 

Solution of Citrate of Magnesia. 
R. Carbonate of magnesia 

two hundred and ninety-two grains 
Crystallized citric acid* 

four hundred and forty-six grains 
Water sixteen fl. ounces 

Lemon syrup two fl. ounces 

Dissolve one hundred and thirty-eight 
grains of the carbonate in two fl. ounces 
of water; holding in solution one hundred 
and seventy grains of citric acid, and pour 
it into a twelve ounce mineral water bot- 
tle. The remainder of the magnesia is 
then triturated with the rest of the water, 
and poured into the bottle, and one hun- 
dred and eighty-five grains of the acid 
added, and the bottle immediately corked 
and tied over. As soon as, with occasional 
agitation, the opaque fluid becomes slight- 
ly milky, remove the cork, filter the solu- 
tion, and pour it back into the bottle, with 
two ounces of lemon syrup, and ninety- 
one grains of citric acid ; cork and wire. 
Each ounce contains one drachm of the ci- 
trate. Dose, from a half to a whole bot- 
tle. Rahourdin. 

Citrate of Magnesia "Water. 
R. Subcarbonate of mag- 
nesia five drachms and a-quarter 
Citric acid five drachms and a-half 
Lemon syrup two drachms and a half 
Water sufficient 

to fill a Scidlitz water bottle. 
Dissolve the acid in one sixth of the wa- 
ter, triturate the carbonate with the re- 
mainder, and add to it half the acid solu- 
tion ; and, on the ceasing of the efferve- 
scence, pour it into the bottle with the 
syrup; add the acid solution, and cork 
instantly. As a purgative draught. 

Bardct. 



MAGNESIiE SULPHAS. 
Sulphate of Magnesia. 

Cheltenham Salts. 
R . Sulphate of magnesia 

Muriate of soda, each, four parts 

Sulphate of soda three parts 



To be well dried before being powdered 
and mixed. Dose, half an ounce, or more, 
in solution. Cooley. 

Seidlitz Water. 

R. Sulphate of magnesia two drachms 
Chloride of magnesia eighteen grains 
Soda water twenty fl. ounces 

Dissolve. As a purgative. Foy. 

Purgative Emulsion. 

R . Sulphate of magnesia two drachms 

Flake manna one ounce 

Simple emulsion four fl. ounces 

Dissolve. A tablespoonful, every two 

hours. Wendt. 

Sulphate of Magnesia and Tartar 

Emetic. 
R. Sulphate of magnesia one ounce 

Tartar emetic one grain 

Flake manna one ounce 

Lemon juice half an ounce 

Water • eight ounces 

Make a solution, and strain. A table- 
spoonful, every hour, till it operates. 

JDewees. 

Sulphate of Magnesia and Coffee. 
R. Sulphate of magnesia one ounce 

Powdered roasted 

coffee two drachms and a-half 

Water sixteen ounces 

Boil well in an earthen vessel, for two 
minutes ; remove from fire, and let infuse 
for some minutes ; then filter, or strain. 
This will destroy the bitter taste of the 
salt. Combes. 

Clyster with Sulphate of Magnesia. 
R. Sulphate of magnesia two ounces 

Olive oil one fl. ounce 

Tepid water one pint 

Mix. One-half to be injected, and if it 
does not produce the desired effect, the 
remainder to be administered. Ellis. 

Sulphate of Magnesia and Sulphuric 

Acid. . 
R. Sulphate of magnesia sufficient 

to saturate 

Water seven fl. ounces 

Add to solution 

Diluted sulphuric acid one fl. ounce 
Dose, a tablespoonful, in a wineglassful of 
water, every hour, till it operates. Henry. 

Sulphate of Magnesia and Kociielle 

Salt. 
R . Sulphate of magnesia 
Tartrate of potassa and 

soda equal parts 



272 



MAGNESII SULPHURETUM— MANGANESII MURIAS. 



Dose, two to three drachms, in six ounces 
of water. Christison. 

Sulphate op Magnesia and Nitric 

Acid. 

R . Sulphate of magnesia half an ounce 

Tincture of jalap one fl. drachm 

Nitric acid two drops 

Mint water two fl. ounces 

Mis. To be taken for a draught. Ellis. 



MAGNESII SULPHURETUM. 
sltlphuret of magnesia. 

Syrup op Sulphuret of Magnesia. 
R . Sulphuret of magnesia half an ounce 
Fennel water six ounces 

Dissolve, strain, and add 

Sugar fifteen ounces 

Said to be useful in chronic exanthemata, 
hooping- cough ? &c. Dose, a spoonful, oc- 
casionally. Radius. 



MAGNESIA PHOSPHAS. . 

Phosphate of Magnesia. 
R. Magnesia at will 

Phosphoric acid sufficient 

to saturate ; filter, and evaporate to dry- 
ness. Kcimann. 
Stated to be useful in rachitis, in closes of ten 
to twenty grains. 



MAGNOLIA. 

The barks of several species of Magnolia are 
employed as stimulating tonics in the United 
States, but more especially that of M. glauca. 
It is a stimulating, bitter tonic, with some dia- 
phoretic powers, and the decoction has been used 
with some success in intermittent fevers and 
rheumatism, as has also a tincture of the cones. 
Dose, in powder, half a drachm to a drachm. 

Tincture of Magnolia. 
R. Recently drjpd bark or 

cones of magnolia four ounces 

Diluted alcohol one pint 

Macerate for a week, express, and filter. 

In chronic rheumatism. Beaslev. 



MALTUM. 

Malt. 

Malt is barley germinated by warmth and 
moisture, and then subjected to such a degree of 
heat as to destroy the vital principle. It contains 
sugar, gum, and hordein, and is principally used 
in the manufacture of malt liquors. 



Infusion of Malt. 
R. Ground malt one pint 

Scalding water three pints 

Infuse for two hours, strain, and add sugar 
or lemon juice, if required. Ellis. 

Much prescribed by the late Dr. Parrish, as a 
drink in inflammatory fevers. 

Emollient Clyster. 

R. Ground malt 
Mallow root 

Pearl barley, each, two drachms 

Water 9 one quart 

Boil down to a pint, and strain. Phoebus. 



MALVA. 

Common Mallow. 

Several species of Mallow are recognized as 
officinal in the European Pharmacopoeias, and, 
although they are very similar in their proper- 
ties, that most generally employed is the M. syl- 
vestris, the leaves and flowers being the officinal 
parts. They are emollient and demulcent, but 
are seldom or never employed in this country. 



MANGANESIUM. 
Manganese. 

This metal is never employed in medicine, 
but several of its oxides and salts have obtained 
some celebrity. 



MANGANESII CARBONAS. 

Carbonate of Manganese. 
R. Oxide of manganese at will 

Wash in very dilute muriatic acid, dis- 
solve in strong muriatic acid, and evapo- 
rate to dryness. Dissolve part in water, 
and precipitate with carbonate of soda; 
wash precipitate, and digest it with a solu- 
tion of the rest of the salt. Filter, and 
precipitate by carbonate of soda; wash, and 
dry. Beasley. 

MANGANESII MURIAS. 

Muriate of Manganese. 
R. Muriatic acid at will 

Carbonate of manganese sufficient 
to saturate; evaporate, and crystallize. 
Preserve in closely -stopped bottles. A 
solution in water has been praised as a 
gargle in aphthous sore throat. Jourdain. 

Pills of Muriate of Manganese. 
R. Muriate of manganese two scruples 
Gum Arabic 
Extract of liquorice, each, one scruple 



MANGANESII OXIDUM— MANNA. 



273 



Mix, and form pills of two grains. Ad- 
vised in obstinate cutaneous affections, in 
doses of from five to twenty. Augustin. 



MANGANESII OXIDUM. 

Oxide of Manganese. 

Powder of Oxide of Manganese. 

R. Oxide of manganese two grains 

Magnesia one scruple 

Mix. To be taken every three hours, in 

chlorosis. Bvera. 

Bolus of Oxide of Manganese. 
R. Oxide of manganese fourteen grains 
Extract of savine 

Aloes, each, six grains 

Mix, and divide into six boluses; to be 

taken during the day, as an emmenagogue. 

Niemann. 

Ointment of Oxide of Manganese. 

R. Oxide of manganese one part 

Lard two parts 

Giordano. 

Ointment of Oxide of Manganese 

and Sulphur. 
R. Oxide of manganese 

Sulphur, each, one ounce 

Soap one ounce 

Lard three drachms 

Mix. Beasley. 

Both these ointments have been recommended 

in porrigo, and other skin diseases. 



MANGANESII SULPHAS. 

Sulphate of Manganese. 
R. Carbonate of manganese at will 

Diluted sulphuric acid sufficient 

to saturate ; evaporate, and crystallize. 
Dose, one to two drachms, in half a pint of 
water; to be taken before breakfast, as a 
cholagogue cathartic. Beasley. 



MANNA. 
Manna. 



This is the concrete juice of several species of 
Fraxinus, but principally from the F. omus, or 
Ornus Europcca; a small tree found in the south 
of Europe. 

Hex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Oleraceae. 

Linn. Sp. Pi. 1510. Griffith, Med. Bot. 445. 

There are several varieties of manna — -flake, 
common or in sorts, and fat. The first is the best 
and purest. It consists of sugar, a peculiar prin- 
ciple called mannite, and a viscous, nauseous 
matter. Manna is a gentle laxative, but some- 

18 



times causes flatulence and pain. Dose, for an 
adult, one to two ounces ; for children, one to 
four drachms. * 

Lozenges of Manna. 
R. Mallow root 

Water, each, four ounces 

Boil a short time, and add 

Manna twelve ounces 

When dissolved, strain, and add 

Sugar six pounds 

Opium, dissolved in 

water, twelve grains 

Evaporate to the consistence of an electu- 
ary, and add 

Orange-flower water three ounces 

Essence of bergamot 

citron, each, four drops 
Evaporate to proper consistence, pour on 
a marble slab, and divide into lozenges. 

Guibourt.. 
Syrup of Manna. 
R. Manna six ounces 

Water twelve fl. ounces 

Dissolve, and strain, then add 

Sugar one pound 

Evaporate to syrup. Pidereau, 

Emulsion of Manna. 

R. Sweet almonds half an ounce 

Manna two ounces 

Syrup of peach flowers one fl. ounce 
Infusion of liquorice four fl. ounces 
Orange-flower water half fl. ounce 

Make an emulsion. Radius. 

R. Manna 

Oil of almonds, each, one ounce 

Carbonate of potassa twelve grains 
Cinnamon water 
Water, each, three fl. ounces 

Rub the first three ingredients together, 

and gradually add the waters. Two fl. 

ounces to be taken daily, in divided doses, 

in inflammation of the kidneys. 

Babinglon. 
Manna Mixture. 

R . Sulphate of magnesia one ounce 

Manna six drachms 

Tincture of 

senna one fl. drachm and a-half 
Boiling water five fl. ounces 

Mix. As a purge. Ainslie. 

R. Manna one ounce 

Sulphate of soda one ounce and a-half 

Water six fl. ounces 

Augustin. 

R. Manna four ounces 

Senna one ounce 

Cremor tartar half an ounce 



274 

Anise 

Boiling water 
Digest for some time. 



MANNITE— MARRUBIUM. 



half an ounce 
four pints 
and strain. 

Span. Pliarm. 



MANNITE. 

Mannite. 
R. Common manna six pounds 

Distilled water three pints 

White of egg one 

Mix, and boil for a few minutes ; strain 
when cold ; press impure mannite in a 
cloth ; mix it with its weight of water, 
and again press. Dissolve in boiling wa- 
ter, with animal charcoal, filter, evaporate 
to a pellicle, and set aside to crystallize. 
Ruspini. 
Dose, from two drachms to two ounces. 



MARANTA. 

Arrowroot. 

Arrowroot is the fecula of the roots, or rhi- 
zomes of many plants, but that in common use 
is derived from the Maranta arundinacca, a na- 
tive of the West Indies. 

Sex. Syst. Monand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ma- 
rantaceffi. 

Linn. Sp. PL 2. Griffith, Med. Bot. 637. 

West Indian arrowroot is a light white pow- 
der, tasteless and inodorous. It has firm feel, 
and crackles when pressed. It is nutritious and 
demulcent, and is an article of diet well suited 
to the sick and convalescent, especially in bow- 
el complaints. It is prepared for use by adding 
to it a certain proportion of boiling water, usual- 
ly about a pint to a tablespoonful of the fecula. 

Water Arrowroot. 
R. Rub the arrowroot with a little cold 
water, till well mixed ; then pour boiling 
water over it, stirring constantly; after- 
wards boil for five minutes. Sweeten with 
white sugar, and flavor with lemon juice, 
or some aromatic; if wine be added, none 
of the astringent kinds should be used. 

Thomson. 

Milk Arrowroot. 
R. Arrowroot a tablespoonful 

Sweet milk 

Boiling water, each, half a pint 

Proceed as with water arrowroot. Ellis. 
R. Milk fifteen fl. ounces 

Sugar two ounces 

Arrowroot one ounce 

Proceed as above. Beral. 

Arrowroot Pudding. 
Rub a tablespoonful of arrowroot with a 



little cold water, and add to it, stirring 
constantly, a pint of boiling milk; with 
this mix one egg and three teaspoonfuls of 
sugar, previously beaten together. This 
may be boiled or baked, and forms a good 
diet in convalescence. Thomson. 

Beep Tea Arrowroot. 
This is made in the same manner as the 
water arrowroot, except that beef tea is 
used in the boiling state instead of water, 
and that the mixture is to be boiled twenty 
minutes instead of five. Thomson. 



MARRUBIUM. 

HOREROTJND. 

Horehound, M. vulgare, is a small, herbaceous 
plant, a native of Europe, and naturalized in 
some parts of this country. 

Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. La- 
miacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 816. Griffith, Med. Bot. 512. 

The whole herb is officinal. It has a strong 
and peculiar odor in the fresh state, which is 
almost lost on drying. Its taste is bitter, and 
somewhat acrid. It is tonic, emmenagogue, anti- 
spasmodic, and, in large doses, laxative. The 
dose of the powder is from thirty grains to a 
drachm. 

Extract oe Horehound. 
R. Powdered horehound sufficient 

Exhaust by the process of displacement, 
and evaporate to proper consistence. The 
dose is from a scruple to half a drachm. 

Compound Decoction of Horehound. 

R. Dried horehound one ounce 

Bruised liquorice root 

Flaxseed, each, half an ounce 

Boiling water one pint and a-half 

Macerate for four hours, and strain. Dose, 

from a fl. ounce to two fl. ounces, in 

catarrh. Steph. and Church. 

Pectoral Mixture. 
R . Extract of horehound 

couch grass, each, 

two drachms 
Decoction of dandelion ten fl. ounces 
Oxymel of squills 

Syrup of fennel, each, two fl. ounces 
Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally. 

AuQustin. 

Syrup op Horehound. 
R. Dried horehound one ounce 

Horehound water two pints 

Digest for two hours, express, and add 

Sugar four pounds 

Form a syrup. Cotter -eau. 



MASTICHE— MATICO. 



275 



Horehound Candy. 
R. Expressed juice of horehound one pint 
Sugar ten pounds 

Boil to proper consistence, pour into 
moulds, or on marble slab, and divide. 

Cooky. 
Much used to allay irritation of throat, in ca- 
tarrh. 



MASTICHE. 

Mastic. 

Mastic is a concrete, resinous exudation from 
the Pistacia lentiscus,- a small tree, a native of 
most of the countries bordering on the Mediter- 
ranean. 

Sex. Syst. Dicec. pentand. Nat. Syst. Anacar- 



Linn. Sp. PI. 1454. Griffith, Med. Bot. 186. 

Mastic occurs in yellowish, semi-transparent, 
brittle grains or tears, of mild, agreeable smell, 
and a resinous but not unpleasant taste. It is 
much used by the Turks as a masticatory to 
sweeten the breath and to strengthen the gums. 
It is more employed in the arts as the basis of 
varnishes, than in medicine. 

Mastic Dentifrice. 

R. Powdered mastic 

Prepared chalk, each, two drachms 
Powdered orris root half an ounce 
Oil of roses three drops 

Mix. Phoebus. 

Aromatic Mastic Collutory. 
R. Mastic two drachms 

Balsam of Peru half a drachm 

Gum Arabic two drachms 

Orange-flower water six fl. ounces 

Make an emulsion, and add 

Tincture of myrrh two fl. drachms 
Phoebus. 
Anti-Odontalgic Paste. 
R. Mastic 

Sandarach, each, two drachms 

Kino ten grains 

Opium two grains 

Oil of rosemary eight drops 

Spirit of horseradish sufficient 

Mix, and form a paste. Used to fill de- 
cayed teeth. Gassicourt. 

Etiiereal Tincture of Mastic. 
R. Mastic four parts 

Sulphuric ether one part 

Dissolve. To fill the cavity of carious 
teeth, for which purpose a small dossil of 
cotton is saturated with it, and introduced 
into the cavity. Soubeiran. 

Picture Varnish. 
Mastic three hundred and sixty parts 
Venice turpentine forty-five parts 



R 



Camphor fifteen parts 

Spirit of turpentine one thousand parts 

Dissolve with heat. Redwood. 

Crystal Varnish. 
R. Mastic ' three ounces 

Alcohol one pint 

Dissolve. Used to fix pencil drawings. 

Cooley. 



MATICO. 
Matico. 



This is the leaves of a Peruvian plant, or 
plants ; in most cases of the Piper angustifolium 
(Artanthe elongata). 

Sex. Syst. Diand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Piper- 
acese. 

The leaves, as found in commerce, are strong- 
ly veined, reticulated ; of a greenish ash color ; 
mixed with fragments of the stem and flower 
spikes ; of a somewhat aromatic odor, and a 
warm, spicy taste. They have attained much 
celebrity as a hemostatic, and have also been 
given in mucous and other discharges. As a 
styptic, they are applied in substance to the 
bleeding part. 

Infusion of Matico. 
R. Matico one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for two hours. Dose, two table- 
spoonfuls, two or three times a-day, or of- 
tener. In hemorrhagic and other dis- 
charges. Jeffreys. 

Infusion of Matico and Senna. 
R. Matico 

Senna, each, two drachms 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse, and strain. Dose, one fl. ounce 

and a-half, repeatedly. Watmough. 

Decoction of Matico. 

R. Matico one ounce 

Water one pint 

Boil for ten or fifteen minutes, and strain. 

Given as above. Jeffreys. 

Tincture of Matico. 
R. Matico two and a-half ounces 

Diluted alcohol one pint 

Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. 

Lane. 
Dr. Jeffreys directs three ounces of matico. 
Dose, from thirty to sixty drops, in water. In 
hemorrhagic discharges, &c. 

Syrup of Matico. 
R . Matico four ounces 

Diluted alcohol one pint 

Make tincture by displacement, evaporate 
to one half; add 

Sugar sufficient 

and form syrup. Ruschenlerger. 



276 



MATRICARIA— MEL. 



above. Dose, one to 



Used in same cases as 
two fl. drachms. 

Ointment oe Matico. 

R. Powdered matico three drachms 

opium three grains 

Lard one ounce 

Mix. As an application to hemorrhoids. 

Young. 

MATRICARIA. 

German Chamomile. 

This is the flowers of M. chamomilla, a small, 
annual, herbaceous plant, native of many parts 
of Europe. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Astera- 
ceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1256. Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. iv. 
23S. 

The flowers, which are the officinal part, are 
smaller than those of the true chamomile. They 
have a strong, penetrating, unpleasant odor, 
which is much diminished by drying. Their 
taste is bitter and somewhat nauseous. The 
medical properties are much the same as those 
of chamomile, and it is given in the same man- 
ner. 



MEL. 
Honey. 

This is a peculiar fluid, prepared from flowers 
by the Apis mcllifica, or honey-bee. 

In a recent state it is fluid, but by age con- 
cretes into a soft, granular mass. It has a pecu- 
liar, somewhat aromatic odor, and a sweet taste, 
followed by faint acridity. It resembles sugar 
in its properties, but is more laxative. It is 
principally used in medicine as a vehicle. 

Clarified Honey. 
R. Honey at will 

Melt by means of a water-bath, and remove 
the scum. U. S. Pharm. 

Prepared Honey. 
R. Clarified honey half a pint 

Diluted alcohol one pint 

Prepared chalk half an ounce 

Mix the honey and alcohol, add the chalk, 
let the mixture stand for two hours, occa- 
sionally stirring. Heat to boiling, filter, 
and evaporate on water-bath, so that when 
cold the sp. gr. will be 1-32. 

U. S. Pharm. 

OXYMEL. 

R. Honey • two pounds 

Distilled vinegar one pint 

Boil to consistence of syrup, removing 

scum. Dub. Pharm. 

Hydromel. 
R. Honey two parts 



"Water thirty-two parts 

Dissolve, and strain. A refreshing and 
slightly laxative drink. Foy. 

Pectoral Hydromel. 
R. Washed Iceland moss two ounces 
Hyssop leaves half an ounce 

Hydromel two pounds 

Macerate for five days, strain, and add 

Sugar three ounces 

In catarrh, &c, one or two spoonfuls occa- 
sionally. Foy. 

Expectorant Mixture. 
R. Honey 

Fresh butter, each, two ounces 

Mix, and melt over a gentle fire. A spoon- 
ful occasionally. St. Marie. 

Ceromel. 

R. Yellow wax one ounce 

Honey four ounces 

Melt the wax, and add the honey, stirring 

well. As an application to indolent ulcers. 

Van Mons. 

Honey Water. 
R. Honey two parts 

Washed sand three parts 

Introduce into a retort, and distil on a 
sand-bath, and remove the oil that floats 
on the product. Aperient and diuretic; 
in doses of a scruple to half a drachm. 

Spielmann. 

R. Rectified spirit eight pints 

Rose water two pints 

Orange-flower water two pints 

Oil of cloves half an ounce 

lavender half an ounce 

bergamot two drachms 

sandal wood one drachm 

Honey one ounce 

Tincture of saffron one ounce 

Musk ten grains 

Macerate for a week, and filter. Used as 

a perfume. Gray. 

R. Honey 

Coriander, each, eight ounces 

Fresh lemon peel one ounce 

Cloves six drachms 

Nutmeg 

Benzoin 

Storax, each, half an ounce 

Vanilla three drachms 

Rose water 

Orange-flower water, each, five ounces 

Alcohol forty-eight ounces 

Distil by means of a water-bath. Guibourt. 



MELISSA-MENTHA VIRIDIS. 



277 



MELISSA. 
Balm. 

Several species have been used in medicine, 
but the only one that is officinal in this country is 
M. officinalis, a small herbaceous plant, which is 
a native of the South of Europe, and is very 
generally cultivated in our gardens. 

Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. La- 
ra iacese. 

Linn. Sp. Pi. 827. Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. iii. 
365. 

The whole herb is used; it has an agreeable 
odor, somewhat like that of lemons, and an aro- 
matic, slightly bitter taste. Its medicinal proper- 
ties are very slight, but it communicates an 
agreeable flavor to infusions. 

Compound Spirit of Balm. 
R. Fresh balm one pound and a-half 

Lemon peel four ounces 

Cinnamon 

Cloves 

Nutmegs, each, two ounces 

Angelica, dried, 

Coriander, each, one ounce 

Alcohol, .869, eight pounds 

Macerate for two days, and distil. 
Used as a perfume. 

R. Fresh mint thirteen ounces 

Sage three ounces and a-half 

Angelica eighteen drachms 

Hyssop 

Marjoram, each, fourteen drachms 
Thyme thirteen drachms 

Cinnamon 

Coriander, each, twelve drachms 

Piosernary 
Cloves 

Nutmeg, each, ten drachms 

Anise half an ounce 

Lemon peel one drachm 

Alcohol, (-927) 

one hundred and forty ounces 

Macerate for two days, distil, and rectify. 
Guibourt. 

This form of the compound spirit of balm is 
known as the Eau des Camus. It is used as a 
perfume, stomachic, and stimulant. 

R. Compound spirit of balm sixteen parts 
Spirit of mint 

rosemary, each, twelve parts 

sage nine parts 

thyme eight parts 

Mix. This is known as Eau de Dardcl, 

and is used as above. Guibourt. 

Anti-Hysteric "Water. 
R. Fresh balm one pound 

Laurel berries 

Cinnamon, each, one ounce 

Myrrh half an ounce 



Castor two drachms 

White wine twelve pounds 

Digest for some time, and distil off one- 
half. As a stimulant, and antispasmodic 
in hysteria. Wirtemberg Ph. 



MENTHA PIPEKITA. 
Peppermint. 

Many species of Mentha are used in medicine, 
but two only are recognized in our pharmacopoeia, 
the M. piperita and M. viridis, both natives of 
Europe, and naturalized in this country. 

Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. Lam- 



Smith, Eng. Bot. 687. Griffith, Med. Bot. 502. 

The whole plant is used ; it has a peculiar, 
aromatic odor, and a balsamic, pungent, cam- 
phorated taste, followed by a sensation of cool- 
ness. It is aromatic, carminative, and stimulant, 
and is much employed to expel flatus, obviate 
nausea, &c. 

Oil oe Peppermint. 

R. Peppermint at will 

Water sufficient 

Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the 

product. Par. Cod. 

Essence op Peppermint. 
R. Oil of peppermint two fl. ounces 

Alcohol one pint 

Mix. U. S. Ph. 

Peppermint Lozenges. 

R. Oil of peppermint one drachm 

Water of peppermint sufficient 

Sugar twelve ounces 

Mix, and form pastilles. Cottereau. 

Carminative Mixture. 

R. Essence of peppermint one fl. ounce 

Peppermint water four fl. ounces 

Syrup of mallows three fl. ounces 

Oil of cinnamon two drops 

peppermint three drops 

Mix. A spoonful every two hours, in 

convulsive hiccup. Alibert. 

R. Magnesia half a drachm 

Peppermint 

water two and a-half fl. drachms 
Compound spirit of 

lavender half fl. drachm 

Spirit of carraway four fl. drachms 
Syrup of ginger two fl. drachms 

Mix. A spoonful occasionally, as an an- 
tacid and carminative. Paris. 



MENTHA VIRIDIS. 

Spearmint. 

This species, like the last, although a native of 



278 



MENYANTHES— MEZEREUM. 



Europe, has become extensively naturalized in 
many parts of the United States, principally in 
low, wet situations. It is less powerfully aro- 
matic, and pungent than peppermint, but is more 
agreeable in odor and taste to most persons. It 
has the same properties, and its preparations are 
the same as of that article. 

Infusion or Mint. 
R. Dried spearmint two drachms 

Boiling water sufficient 

to afford six fl. ounces of strained infusion. 
Dub. Ph. 
Compound Infusion of Mint. 
R. Dried spearmint two drachms 

Boiling water sufficient 

to afford six fl. ounces of strained infusion. 
Add 

Sugar two drachms 

Oil of spearmint three drops 

Dissolved in 

Compound tincture of 

cardamom half fl. ounce 

To allay nausea, &c. Dose, one to two fl. 
ounces. Dub. Ph. 

Arquebusade Water. 
R. Dried mint 

angelica tops, each, one pound 
wormwood half a pound 

Angelica seeds five ounces 

Oil of juniper half a drachm 

Spirit of rose- 
mary three pints and a-half 
Bectified spirit five gallons 
Water four gallons 
Mix, and distil six gallons. Much cele- 
brated as a vulnerary, for contusions, and 
for cleansing and healing ulcers and 
wounds, especially those caused by fire- 
arms. Redwood. 



MENYANTHES. 

BUCKBEAN. 

The M. trifoliata, or buckbean, is an aquatic, 
herbaceous plant, with ternate leaves, a native of 
both Europe and North America. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Gen- 
tianacece. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 207. Griffith, Med. Bot. 464. 

All parts of the plant are medicinal. They 
are very bitter, but have very little odor. In 
small doses, the buckbean is tonic and astringent, 
in large ones cathartic, and even emetic. As a 
tonic, the dose of the powdered leaves, or root, 
is from twenty to thirty grains. 

Infusion of Buckbean. , 

R. Buckbean one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for two hours, and strain. Dose, 

one to two fl. ounces. Saunders. 



Extract of Buckeean. 
R. Clarified juice of buckbean at will 
Evaporate to the proper consistence. 

Guibourt. 
Dose, ten to fifteen grains. 

Compound Pills of Buckbean. 
R. Extract of buckbean 

valerian, each, two drachms 

Soap half an ounce 

Rhubarb one drachru and a-half 

Syrup sufficient 

Mix, and make pills of two grains. Ten, 

three times a-day, in a costive condition of 

the bowels. Vogel. 

Mixture of Buckbean, Fumitory, &c. 
R. Extract of buckbean 
fumitory 
couch grass, each, 

half an ounce 
Chamomile water ten fl. ounces 

Compound infusion of 

horseradish four fl. ounces 

Sulphuric acid half a drachm 

Mix. Two tablespoonfuls a-day, as an anti- 
scorbutic. Selle. 

Diuretic Mixture. 

R. Extract of buckbean half an ounce 

Vinegar of squills two fl. ounces 

Tincture of assafetida half fl. ounce 

Mix. Dose, thirty drops, three times a- 

day, as a diuretic. Aucjustin. 



MEZEREUM. 

Mezereon. 

This is the bark of several species of Daphne; 
two species of which are officinal in the U. S. 
Pharm., the D. mezereum and D. gnidium, both 
shrubs indigenous to Europe. The first being 
the most generally used. 

Sex. Syst. Octand. monog. Nat. Syst. Thyme- 
lacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 509. Griffith, Med. Bot. 560. 

The officinal portion is the bark. This, as 
found in the shops, is in long, narrow strips, of 
a grayish color and fibrous texture. It is al- 
most inodorous, with a sweetish taste at first, 
soon becoming extremely acrid. It is used as an 
external irritant and stimulant, and internally 
as an alterative diaphoretic. 

Decoction of Mezereon. 
R. Mezereon two drachms 

Water three pints 

Boil till reduced to a quart. Add 

Liquorice root half an ounce 

Strain. Four to eight fl. ounces a-day. 

Thomson. 
In syphilitic affections, especially when there 
are night-pains and eruptions. 



MONARDA— MONESIA. 



Compound Decoction op Mezereon. 

R. Mezereon two drachms 

Bittersweet half an ounce 

Burdock two ounces 

Water four pints 

Boil down to three pints, and add 

Liquorice root two drachms 

Strain. In the same cases as above ; and 

in obstinate diseases of the skin. 

Van Mons. 

Extract op Mezereon. 
R. Mezereon three parts 

Alcohol five parts 

Digest, and repeat the operation twice, 
with the same proportion of alcohol, each 
time; unite the tinctures; filter, and dis- 
til off three-fourths of the spirit; filter 
the residue, retaining what is left on the 
filter. Ham. Pharm. 

Green Oil op Mezereon. 

R . Extract of mezereon at will 

Sulphuric ether sufficient 

Macerate, express, and permit the ether 

to evaporate. Guibourt. 

Mezereon Ointment. 
R. Extract of mezereon one part 

Alcohol 

White wax, each, eight parts 

Lard seventy-two parts 

Dissolve the extract in the alcohol ; add 
the wax and lard ; heat to expel the alco- 
hol, and strain. Guibourt. 

R. Green oil of mezereon one part 

White wax sixteen parts 

Lard one hundred and sixty parts 

Mix, and melt by means of a water-bath. 

Used as a stimulating application to blistered 
surfaces, and to indolent ulcers. 



MONARDA. 

Horsemint. 



Almost all the species of Monarda are possessed 
of medicinal properties, but one only is recog- 
nized as officinal; the M. punctata. This is a 
native, perennial, herbaceous plant, with yellow 
flowers, spotted with brown ; usually growing 
in sandy soil. 

Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lami- 
acea?. 

Linn. Sp. Pi. 12G. Griffith, Med. Bot. 510. 

The whole plant is aromatic, and abounds in 
a pungent, volatile oil. It is used in infusion, 
for flatulent colic, and as an emmenagogue. 

Oil op Horsemint. 
K. In sli horsemint at will 

Water sufficient 



279 



Distil, and collect the oil that floats on 
the product. 

Internally, as a carminative ; in doses of two or 
three drops, with sugar and water. Externally, 
as a rubefacient, in low states of fever, rheuma- 
tism, &c. In most cases it must be diluted. 

Oil op Horsemint Liniment. 
R . Oil of horsemint half an ounce 

Tincture of camphor two ounces 

Laudanum two drachms 

Mix. As a rubefacient application. 

Atlee. 



MONESIA. 

MONESIA. 

This is the extract of an unknown tree, per- 
haps a Chrysophyllum, coming from South Ame- 
rica. It is in the form of hard, thick cakes, 
having at first a sweet taste, which soon be- 
comes astringent and acrid. It is of a dark 
brown color, friable, and soluble in water. It 
has been used with success in various discharges, 
especially of a chronic character; in chronic 
bronchitis, &c, in doses of two to ten grains, 
frequently repeated; also as an application to 
atonic ulcers. 

PURIPIED MONESIA. 

R. Monesia, bruised, one pound 

Boiling water six pints 

Infuse for twenty-four hours, stirring occa- 
sionally; decant, and evaporate by a water- 
bath. 



Monesia Mixture. 
R. Monesia two scruples 

Water seven and a-half fl. ounces 

Compound tincture of 

cardamoms half a fl. ounce 

Mix, and dissolve. Dose, a tablespoonful. 

Neligan. 

Syrup op Monesia. 

R. Monesia one drachm 

Water one fl. drachm 

Boiling syrup twelve fl. ounces 

Mix. Dose, half a fl. ounce. Derosne. 

Compound Syrup op Monesia. 

R. Hot syrup of monesia sixteen fl. ounces 
Orange-flower water half a fl. ounce 
Extract of poppies sixteen grains 

Mix. As above. Derosne. 

Tincture op Monesia. 

R. Monesia one ounce 

Diluted alcohol nine and a half fl. ounces 
Water two fl. ounces 

Macerate, and decant. Donovan. 

R. Monesia half an ounce 

Alcohol two fl. ounces 

Water seven and a-half fl. ounces 

St. Ange. 



280 



MORA— MORPHIA ACETAS. 



As above. Used in injections ; half a dracbm 
to a drachm, to six fl. ounces of water. 



R 



Monesia Ointment. 
Monesia one drachm 

Lard one ounce 

Mix. St. Ange. 

R. Monesia 

Water, each, one part 

White wax two parts 

Oil of almonds four parts 

Mix. Derosne. 

As an application to indolent ulcers. 



MORA. 

Mulberries. 



Two species of Morus produce fruit which 
appears to have identical properties: M. nigra, 
a native of Europe, which is officinal in the 
foreign Pharmacopoeias ; and M. rubra, a native 
of the United States. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. tetrand. Nat. Syst. Mora- 
ceae. 

Mulberries are refreshing and laxative, and 
form the basis of a grateful drink in febrile 
cases. 

Syrup of Mulberries. 
R. Strained juice of mulberries one pint 
Sugar two and a-half pounds 

Dissolve with a gentle heat, set aside for 
twenty-four hours, remove the scum, and 
decant. Loud. Ph. 

As an addition to cooling drinks in fever. 

Eob of Mulberries. 
R. Strained juice of mulberries at will 
Evaporate to the consistence of honey. 

Austr. Ph. 
Used as a detersive application to ulcers, and 
as an addition to gargles. 



I< 



one pound 



MORPHIA 
Morphia. 

Opium, sliced, 

Distilled water 

Alcohol, each, sufficient 

Solution of ammonia six fl. ounces 
Macerate the opium with four pints of the 
water, for twenty -four hours ; and having 
worked it with the hand, digest for twenty 
hours, and strain. Operate on the resi- 
due twice, in the same manner. Mix the 
infusions, evaporate to six pints, and fil- 
ter; then add five pints of alcohol, and 
afterwards three fl. ounces of the solution 
of ammonia mixed with a half pint of al- 
cohol. Let rest for twenty-four hours, 
add the rest of the ammonia, mixed as be- 



fore, and set aside for twenty-four hours 
to crystallize. Purify the crystals by 
boiling them with two pints of alcohol, till 
dissolved, and filtering while hot through 
animal charcoal, and recrystallizing. 

U. S. Ph. 
R. Mix a concentrated infusion of opium 
with milk of lime (in which the lime i3 
one-fourth the weight of the opium used) ; 
heat the mixture to boiling ; filter while 
boiling hot, through linen, and add an ex- 
cess of muriate of ammonia. As it cools, 
the morphia is precipitated. Mohr. 

R. Muriate of morphia one ounce 

Distilled water one pint 

Dissolve, and add 

Solution of ammonia five fl. drachms 
mixed with one fl. ounce of distilled wa- 
ter; shake together; wash the precipitate 
with distilled water, and dry by a gentle 
heat. Lond. Ph. 

One-sixth of a grain is about equal in power 
to a grain of opium. 

Pills of Morphia. 
R. Morphia one grain 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and make six pills. Magendie. 

Morphia Draught. 

R. Morphia a quarter of a grain 

Syrup of poppies one drachm 

Distilled water one fl. ounce 

Mix. At bedtime. Brera. 

Injection of Morphia. 
R. Morphia 
Almond oil 
Oil of lilies, each, 
Mix. 

R. Morphia 
Yolk of egg 
Oil of chamomile 

poppies, each, 



two grains 

half an ounce 

two grains 
one 



one ounce 



Mix. To ease pain in earache, in acute 
gonorrhoea and hemorrhoids. Brera. 



MORPHINE ACETAS. 

Acetate of Morphia. 

R. Powdered morphia one ounce 

Distilled water half a pint 

Acetic acid sufficient 

Mix the morphia with the water, and 

drop in the acid, constantly stirring, till 

the morphia is saturated and dissolved. 

Evaporate to consistence of syrup on a 

water-bath. Dry by a gentle heat, and 

powder. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one-eighth to a quarter of a grain. 



MORPHLE BIMECONAS— MORPHIA CITRAS. 



281 



Compound Powder op Acetate of 
Morphia. 



one gram 

six grains 

twelve grains 

one drachm 



one gram 
ten drops 



R. Acetate of morphia 

Powdered foxglove 

Extract of pulsatilla 

Sugar 

Mix, and form thirty-six powders. Four 
a-day, in the cough and sleeplessness of 
consumptive patients. Cadet. 

Bolus of Acetate of Morphia. 
R . Acetate of morphia 

Olive oil 

Crumb of bread 

Honey, each, sufficient 

Mix, and make six boluses. Brera. 

Pills of Acetate of Morphia. 
R. Aeetate_ of morphia one grain 

Conserve of roses sixteen grains 

Mix, and make eight pills. Ilialhe. 

R . Acetate of morphia one grain 

Golden sulphuret of 
antimony 

Extract of aconite, each, two grains 

Powdered licpiorice 

Honey, each, sufficient 

Mix, and make eight pills. Brera. 

R. Acetate of morphia one grain 

Powdered digitalis six grains 

camphor ten grains 

gum Arabic eight grains 

Syrup of tolu sufficient 

Beat into mass, and divide into six pills. 

One may be taken every three hours. 

A. T. Thomson. 

R. Acetate of morphia fifteen grains 

Ammon. sulphate of 

copper half a drachm 

Inspissated bile 

Powdered quassia, each, four scruples 

Mix, and make one hundred pills. Five, 

morning and evening, in diabetes mcllitus. 

Brendt. 

Solution of Acetate of Morphia. 
R . Acetate of morphia sixteen grains 
Acetic acid two fl. drachms 

_ Distilled water six fl. drachms 

Mix. Dose, six to twenty-four drops. 

Dunglison. 

AT.roirc-Lic Solution of Morpiita. 
R. Acetate of morphia sixteen grains 
Alcohol one fl. ounce 

Dissolve. Cottereau. 

Syrup of Acetate of Morphia. 
R. Acetate of morphia four grains 



Dissolve in a small portion of water, and a 
few drops of acetic acid, add to 

Syrup sixteen ounces 

Par. Cod. 

Mixture with Acetate of Morphia. 

R. Solution of acetate of 

morphia twenty drops 

Lactucarium ten grains 

Infusion of chamomile five ounces 
Syrup of marsh mallow half an ounce 

Mix. Dose, a spoonful. Beral. 

Clyster with Acetate of Morphia. 

R. Starch one drachm 

Hot water one pint 

Acetate of morphia one grain 

Mix. In chronic diarrhoea. Cadet. 

Ointment of Acetate of Morphia. 

R. Acetate of morphia six to eight grains 

Lard one to two drachms 

Mix. As a friction in violent rheumatic 

pains. Foy. 

R. Acetate of morphia . four grains 

Mercurial ointment 

Simple ointment, each, two drachms 
Mix. In frictions on the labia; twice a- 
day, in cancer of the uterus. Hildenbrand. 



MOKPHIiE BIMECONAS. 
Bimeconate of Morphia. 
R. Meconic acid two hundred grains 

Boiling water sufficient 

Dissolve, and add 

Morphia sufficient 

to saturate. Evaporate to dryness. 

Squire. 
Dose, one-fourth of a grain. 

Solution of Bimeconate of Morphia. 

R . Bimeconate of morphia ten grains 
Rectified spirit one fl. drachm 

Distilled water thirteen fl. drachms 

Mix. About the strength of laudanum. 
Beasley. 



MORPHIiE CITRAS. 
Citrate of Morphia. 
R. Morphia sixteen grains 

Crystallized citric acid eight grains 
Distilled water one ounce 

Color with 

Tincture of cochineal two drachms 
Mix. Dose, six to thirty drops, in the 
twenty-four hours. Maycndie. 



282 



MORPHIA HYDRIODAS— MORPHIiE SULPHAS. 



MORPHIA HYDRIODAS. 

Hydriodate or Morphia. 
R. Muriate of morphia two parts 

Iodide of potassium one part 

Make a strong solution of each, and mix, 
wash the precipitate in a little cold water, 
press in bibulous paper, redissolve in hot 
water, and let crystallize. A. T. Thomson. 



MORPHIA MURIAS. 

Muriate op Morphia. 
R. Morphia in powder one ounce 

Distilled water half a pint 

Muriatic acid sufficient 

Mix the morphia with the water, drop in 
the acid, constantly stirring, till the mor- 
phia is saturated and dissolved. Evaporate 
by means of a water-bath to crystalliza- 
tion. Dry upon bibulous paper. 

U. S. Ph. 

Solution of Muriate op Morphia. 
R. Muriate of mor- 
phia one drachm and a-half 
Rectified spirit five fl. ounces 
Distilled water fifteen fl. ounces 
Mix the spirit and water, and dissolve the 
muriate in the mixture with the aid of 
heat. Ed. Ph. 

Eighteen minims contain one-sixth of a grain 
of the muriate, equal to a grain of opium. 

Syrup op Muriate op Morphia. 
R. Muriate of morphia one grain 

Syrup four ounces 

Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful. Cadet. 

Mixture op Muriate of Morphia. 

R. Muriate of morphia sixteen grains 
Acetic acid four drops 

Distilled water one fl. ounce 

Alcohol one fl. drachm 

Mix. Dose, six to twenty drops. Cadet. 

Compound Syrup of Muriate of 
Morphia. 
R. Muriate of morphia two grains 

Syrup of pinks ten ounces 

balm four ounces 

orange flowers two ounces 
Mix. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. 

Cadet. 

Lozenges of Muriate of Morphia. 

R. Muriate of morphia one scruple 

Tincture of tolu half a fl. ounce 

Sugar twenty-five ounces 

Dissolve the muriate in a little hot water, 

mix it and the tincture with the sugar, 



beat into a mass with mucilage, and divide 
into lozenges of fifteen grains. Each loz- 
enge contains a fortieth of a grain of the 
muriate. Ed. Ph. 

Lozenges of Muriate of Morphia 

and Ipecacuanha. 

R. Made as the last, with the addition of 

one drachm of ipecacuanha. Ed. Ph. 



MORPHIA NITRAS. 

Nitrate of Morphia. 
R. Morphia at will 

Dilute nitric acid sufficient 

Saturate, dissolve, evaporate, and let crys- 
tallize. Giordano. 



MORPHIAS PHOSPHAS. 

Phosphate of Morphia. 
Make like the last, using dilute phos- 
phoric acid instead of nitric. 



MORPHINE SULPHAS. 

Sulphate of Morphia. 
R. Morphia, in powder, one ounce 

Distilled water half a pint 

Diluted sulphuric acid sufficient 

Mix the morphia with the water, drop in 
the acid, constantly stirring till the mor- 
phia is saturated and dissolved. Evapo- 
rate on water-bath and let crystallize. Dry 
crystals on bibulous paper. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one-eighth to a quarter of a grain. 



Bolus op Sulphate of 


Morphia. 


R. Sulphate of morphia 


two grains 


Oil of almonds 


sufficient 


Sulphate of iron 


four grains 


Crumb of bread 




Honey, each, 


sufficient 


Mix, and make eight boluses 




R. Sulphate of morphia 


one grain 


Ipecacuanha 


three grains 


Oil of almonds 


twelve drops 


Extract of aconite 


two grains 


Liquorice powder 




Honey, each, 


sufficient 


Mix, and make six boluses. 


One, every 


three or four hours. 


Br era. 



Pills of Sulphate of Morphia. 

R . Sulphate of morphia two grains 

Cyanide of potassium four grains 

Mucilage sufficient 

Mix, and make twenty-four pills. One 

every six hours, in neuralgia. Rougier. 



MORPHIA TARTRAS— MOSCHUS. 



R. Sulphate of rnorphi* 

Olive oil 

Ipecacuanha 

Nux vomica 

Crumb of bread 

Honey, each, 
Mix, and make six pills 
hours. 



one gram 

sufficient 

three grains 

two grains 

sufficient 

One, every two 

Brera. 

Solution op Sulphate of Morphia. 



eight grams 
half a pint 
U. S. Ph. 



R. Sulphate of morphia 

Distilled water 
Dissolve. 

One fl. drachm contains an eighth of a grain. 

R. Sulphate of morphia four grains 

Distilled water one fl. ounce 

Dissolve. One fl. drachm contains half a 

grain. Copland. 

Syrup op Sulphate op Morphia. 
R. Sulphate of morphia one grain 

Dissolve in a little water, and add to 

Syrup four ounces 

Each ounce contains one quarter of a grain 
of sulphate. Cadet. 

Mixture op Sulphate op Morphia. 

R. Sulphate of morphia sixteen grains 

Acetic acid four drops 

Distilled water one ounce 

Alcohol one drachm 

Mix. Dose, six to twenty drops. 

Magendie. 
Lotion of Sulphate op Morphia and 

Borax. 
R. Sulphate of morphia six grains 

Borax half an ounce 

Rose water eight fl. ounces 

Mix. As an application in pruritus va- 
ginae, washing first with tepid soap and 
water. 



MORPHIA TARTRAS. 

Tartrate op Morphia. 



R. Morphia 
Saturate with 

Solution of tartaric acid 
Evaporate and crystallize. A. 



at will 

sufficient 
Thomson. 



MOSCHUS. 

Musk. 

This is a peculiar concrete substance obtained 
from the Moschus moschiferus,a small animal of the 
deer kind, inhabiting the mountainous regions of 
central Asia. The musk is secreted in the male, 
in an oval sac, situated near tho generative or- 
gans. It is found in commerce in these sacs ; it 
is concreted or granular: of a brownish color: 



soft and greasy to the touch ; of a powerful, pene- 
trating odor, and of a bitter, unpleasant, somewhat 
acrid taste. From its high price it is very liable 
to aduleration. It is antispasmodic and stimulant, 
and has been much used in spasmodic diseases 
of all kinds, as well as a stimulant in low states 
of the system. The dose is from five to ten 



Powder op Musk. 

R. Musk three grains 

Opium half a grain 

Grum Arabic one scruple 

Sugar two drachms 

Triturate together, and divide into six 

powders. One, every three hours, in 

hooping-cough. Augustin. 

R. Musk sixteen grains 

Valerian twenty-four grains 

Camphor eight grains 

Mix. As an antispasmodic, in hysteria, 

&c. ; in doses of three to twelve grains. 

Guibourt. 
This is called by Jourdain, Tonquin powder, 
but this name belongs rather to the following. 

R. Musk sixteen grains 

Cinnabar twelve grains 

Mix. For a single dose. Spielmann. 

Once celebrated as a remedy in hydrophobia. 

Musk Bolus. 

R. Musk five to ten grains 

Camphor five grains 

Syrup sufficient 

Make a bolus. Antispasmodic. Ellis. 

R. Musk 

Carbonate of am- 
monia, each, ten grains 
Conserve of roses sufficient 
Make a bolus. One, every three hours. 
In mortification, attended with spasmodic 
action. Ellis. 

Musk Pills. 

R. Musk eight grains 

Opium two grains 

Camphor twenty-four grains 

Syrup sufficient 

Mix, and form six pills. To be taken 

during the day, in hospital gangrene. 

Dupuytren. 
R. Musk ten grains 

Camphor one scruple 

Gum ammoniac two scruples 

Opium four grains 

Mix, and make pills of four grains. Four 
or five in the twenty-four hours, in nerv- 
ous disorders. Richard. 
R. Musk twelve grains 
Castor twenty-four grains 
Assafetida thirty grains 



284 



MUCUNA— MYRISTICA. 



Tincture of valerian sufficient 

Make twenty-four pills. Four, three 
times a-day, in nervous complaints. 

Radius. 
Musk Mixture. 
R . Musk two drachms 

Sugar 

Gum Arabic, each, one drachm 

Distilled water six fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful, every hour or 
two, in low fevers. Ellis. 

R. Musk mixture six fl. ounces 

Paregoric elixir half fl. ounce 

Ammon. tine, of 

valerian one fl. drachm 

Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times 
a-day, in pertussis in children. Ellis. 

R. Musk two grains 
Fennel water six fl. ounces 
Laudanum ten drops 
Syrup of poppies two drachms 
Mix. A spoonful, every hour, in tris- 
mus. Cheselden. 
R. Musk mixture 

Camphor water, each, three fl. ounces 
and a-half 
Syrup of ginger 
Spirit of sulphuric 

ether, each, two fl. drachms 

Mix. A tablespoonful, every three or 

four hours, in low fevers. Ainslie. 

Musk Clyster. 

R. Musk ten grains 

Valerian half an ounce 

Starch half a drachm 

Boiling water eight ounces 

Mix. As an antispasmodic and excitant. 

Radius. 

R. Musk twelve grains 

Sugar two scruples 

Spirit of ammonia thirty drops 

Infusion of flaxseed four fl. ounces 

Mix. For children with convulsions. 

Ellis. 

Tincture op Musk. 

R. Musk one part 

Alcohol twelve parts 

Digest for twelve days, and filter. Dose, 

thirty to sixty drops. Guibourt. 



MUCUNA. 

COWHAGE. 

This is the bristles of the pods of Mucuna 
pruriens, a perennial, twining plant, native of the 
warmer parts of America, bearing somewhat 



curved brown pods, covered with short bristles, 
which, when dry, readily separate. 

Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Fa- 
vaceae. 

Decandolle, Prod. ii. 405. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
242. 

The pod is shaped somewhat like the italic S, 
and is covered with brown, bristly hairs, which 
adhere to any substance coming in contact with 
them. These hairs or spicula are possessed of 
anthelmintic powers, but whether they act me- 
chanically or not, has not been fully ascertained, 
though the probability is that they do. 

Electuary op Cowhage. 
R. Cowhage two scruples 

Syrup half an ounce 

Mix. A teaspoonful every morning, fast- 
ing, for three days, to be followed by a 
dose of castor oil; in cases of lumbrici. 

Correa. 

R. Cowhage one drachm 

Honey sufficient 

to make electuary. To be given as above. 

Ellis. 



MYRISTICA. 

Nutmeg. 

The nutmeg is the kernel of the fruit of My- 
ristica moschata, a small tree, a native of the 
Molucca Islands, and now cultivated in various 
tropical regions. 

Sex. Syst. Dicec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. My- 
risticacese. 

Thunberg. Act. Holm. 1782. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 109. 

The nutmeg is an oval, oblong almond, of a 
lightish brown color externally, and of a reddish 
gray with red veins, internally, of an agreeable, 
fragrant odor, warm, aromatic taste, and unctuous 
feel. It is principally used for culinary purposes, 
but is also employed in medicine as a stimulant, 
and to disguise the taste of nauseous remedies. 

Aromatic Powder. 
R. Cinnamon 

Ginger, each, two ounces 

Cardamom seeds 

Nutmeg, grated, each, one ounce 

Rub together into very fine powder. 

U. S. Ph. 

Stimulant and carminative ; dose, ten to thirty 
grains. 

Goelis' Antihectic Powder. 
R. Burnt hartshorn 
Powdered nutmeg 

Roasted laurel berries, each, one part 

Liquorice three parts 

Mix, and make a powder. Advised in the 

hectic attendant on scrofulous affections. 

Augustin. 

Stimulating Clyster. 

R. Powdered nutmeg one drachm 



MYROXYLON. 



285 



Powdered columbo one drachm 

salep one scruple 

Infusion of flaxseed four fl. ounces 

Mix. As a stimulating enema. Amnion. 

Spirit op Nutmeg. 

R. Nutmeg, bruised, two ounces 

Diluted alcohol one gallon 

Water a pint 

Mix, and distil one gallon, with a slow fire. 

TJ. S. Ph. 

Dose, one to two fl. drachms ; principally used 

to flavor other medicines. 

Compound Spirit of Nutmeg. 

R. Nutmeg two ounces 

Lemon peel 
Orange peel 
Spearmint 

Balm, each, one ounce 

Diluted alcohol four pints 

"Water twelve pints 

Distil three pints. Van Mons. 

As a stomachic, and an external application 

to contusions. 



MYROXYLON. 

Balsam or Peru. 

This balsam is the product of Myroxyhn Perui- 
ferum, a large tree, indigenous to South America, 
where it is called quinquina. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Faba- 
ceaB. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 233. Griffith, Med. Bot. 248. 

The balsam is a thick, viscid fluid, of a dark, 
reddish-brown color, an agreeable, fragrant odor, 
and a warm, bitterish taste, occasioning a pun- 
gent sensation in the throat. It is stimulating, 
tonic, and expectorant, and has been much used 
in pectoral complaints, &c, and also externally 
as an application to indolent ulcers. The dose 
is about half fl. drachm. 

Pills op Balsam op Peru. 

R. Balsam of Peru one drachm 

Extract of bitter polygala two drachms 
Marsh mallow sufficient 

to make one hundred and twenty pills. 

Ten, four times a-day, in chronic mucous 

discharges. Schubert. 

Acoustic Balsam. 
R. Balsam of Peru half a drachm 

Narcotic oil 

Onion juice, each, one ounce 

Mix. A dossil of cotton saturated with 
this oil, is to be introduced into the deaf 
ear, provided there is no inflammation or 
violent pain. 

R. Beef gall three fl. drachms 

Balsam of Peru one fl. drachm 



Mix. To be occasionally dropped into the 
ear to correct a fetid discharge, syringing it 
also, daily, with a weak solution of soap 
and water. Hugh Smith. 

Liniment for Chilblains. 
R. Balsam of Peru half a drachm 

Muriatic ether 

Laudanum, each, two drachms 

Mix. As a friction. Henschel. 

Mammtllart Lotion. 
R. Balsam of Peru one drachm 

Yolk of egg one 

Spirit of wild thyme three ounces 
Mix. The sore nipple is to be bathed with 
this, and then sprinkled with a powder, 
composed of one drachm of Peruvian bark, 
and two drachms of gum Arabic. Iverg. 

Balsam op Peru Mixture. 

R. Balsam of Peru two drachms 

Yolk of egg one 

Extract of cinchona six drachms 

Honey of roses three ounces 

Mix. Two dessertspoonfuls, four times a- 

day, in chronic mucous discharges. 

St. Marie. 
R. Balsam of Peru half a drachm 

Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient 
Cinnamon water 

Water, each, half fl. ounce 

Mix. To be taken three or four times a- 
day, as an expectorant in chronic catarrh. 

Ellis. 

Syrup op Balsam op Peru. 
R. Tincture of balsam of 

Peru one fl. ounce 

Tepid simple syrup two pounds 

Mix, and agitate briskly. Dose, from one 

to two drachms. Lisbon Ph. 

Tincture op Balsam op Peru. 
R. Balsam of Peru one part 

Alcohol eight parts 

Macerate for some days, and filter. 

Guibourt. 
Principally used as an external application to 
ulcers, &c. 

Balsam op Peru Collutory. 

R . Tincture of balsam of Peru one part 

guaiacum four parts 

Mix. A teaspoonful to a glass of water, 

to rinse the mouth. Taddei. 

Locatelli's Balsam. 
R. Olive oil six ounces 

Yellow wax four ounces 

Wine five fl. ounces 



286 



MYRRHA. 



Melt together by a gentle heat, till all 
moisture is evaporated, and add 

Venice turpentine six ounces 

Balsam of Peru two drachms 

Red saunders half an ounce 

Mix. Formerly used in phthisis, but now 

employed only as an external application. 

This is the original formula. Spielmann. 

Ointment op Balsam of Peru. 
R. Balsam of Peru 

Spermaceti ointment equal parts 

Mix. As a dressing to painful ulcers. 

Radms. 
Compound Ointment op Balsam of 
Peru. 
R. Lard two ounces 

White wax four drachms 

Melt in a water-bath, and add 

Balsam of Peru two drachms 

Oil of lavender twelve minims 

As an application to promote the growth 

of the hair. Copland. 

Plaster of Balsam op Peru. 
R. Powdered carbonate of 

lead sixteen parts 

litharge eight parts 

Rose oil forty-eight parts 

White wax thirty-two parts 

Melt together, and, at close of operation, 

add 

Balsam of Peru two parts 

As an application to indolent ulcers. Foy. 



MYRRHA. 



Myrrh. 

Myrrh is the concrete juice of Bahamodendron 
myrrha, a small shrubby tree, with spiny branch- 
es, a native of Arabia, &c. 

Sex. Syst. Octand. monog. Nat. Syst. Amyri- 
daceae. 

Nees. Offic. Planz. i. 17. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
171. 

Myrrh occurs in tears, or in agglutinated mass- 
es, of various shades of color ; the best is of a 
reddish yellow color, somewhat translucent, hav- 
ing a peculiar, aromatic odor and a warm, bitter 
taste. It is a stimulating tonic. It is given in a 
variety of diseases, and is used externally as an 
application to foul ulcers, aphtha;, &c. The dose 
is from ten to thirty grains, usually in combina- 
tion. 

Powder op Myrrh and Ipecacuanha. 
R. Powdered myrrh twelve grains 

ipecacuanha six grains 

nitre half a drachm 

Mix, and divide into four powders. One, 
every fourth hour. Stimulating expecto- 
rant. Paris. 



Emmenagogue Powder. 

R. Myrrh twelve grains 

Saffron three grains 

Oil of cloves one drop 

Rub into powder. Augustin. 

Pills op Myrrh and Zinc. 

R. Sulphate of zinc ten grains 

Powdered myrrh one drachm and a-half 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and form twenty pills. Two, twice 

a«-day. In pertussis. Paris. 

Pills op Myrrh and Sulphate of 
Iron. 
R. Myrrh 

Sulphate of iron, each, two scruples 

Carbonate of potassa 

Soap, each, half a drachm 

Rub into mass, and form forty pills. Two, 
thrice a-day. In amenorrhoea. Ellis. 

Pills of Myrrh and Squill. 

R. Myrrh one drachm and a-half 

Dried squill half a drachm 

Extract of henbane two scruples 

Distilled water sufficient 

Rub into mass, and form thirty pills. 

Two, night and morning. In catarrh and 

phthisis. Paris. 

Pills of Myrrh and Canada Balsam. 

R. Myrrh three drachms 

Canada balsam one drachm and a-half 
Opium half a drachm 

Mix, and make pills of two grains. Two 

to four, every hour, in ulcerated phthisis. 
Augustin. 
Alkaline Solution op Myrrh. 

R. Myrrh two ounces 

Sub. carbonate of soda one drachm 
Boiling water eight fl. ounces 

Macerate for two days, and filter. 

Swediaur. 

Compound Extract of Myrrh. 
R. Myrrh two ounces 

Gum Arabic two drachms 

Triturate together; add sufficient water 
to make a thick emulsion, and mix well 
with the 

Extract of couchgrass four ounces 

Advised in phthisis, and ulcers of the ute- 
rus. Dose, one to three drachms, mixed 
with water, two or three times a-day. 

Sioediaur. 
Myrrh Collutory. 
R . Lime water one fl. ounce and a-half 

Tincture of myrrh two fl. drachms 

Honey of roses two drachms 

Mix. PTiarm. Chirurg. 



R . Tincture of myrrh two fl. drachms 

Infusion of sage six fl. ounces 

Honey of roses two ounces 

Mix. Augustin. 

Myrrh Gargle. 
R. Tincture of myrrh 

Vinegar, each, two fl. ounces 

Honey one ounce 

Infusion of contra- 

yerva one pint and a-half 

Mix. In putrid sore throat, scarlatina, 

&c. Fothergill. 

R. Honey of roses one ounce and a-half 
Barley water twelve fl. ounces 

Tincture of myrrh six fl. drachms 

Vinegar one fl. ounce 

Mix. As a gargle in putrid sore throat. 
Ainslie. 

Stimulating Injection. 

R. Myrrh one ounce 

Quicklime two ounces 

Water two pints 

Infuse for a few days, and decant. As an 

injection in fistulous ulcers. St Marie. 

Tincture of Myrrh. 
R. Myrrh, bruised, four ounces 

Alcohol three pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 

U. S. Ph. 

Tincture of Myrrh and Hellebore. 
R. Tincture of myrrh one fl. ounce 

black helle- 
bore half a fl. ounce 
Spanish flies two fl. drachms 
Mix. As an emmenagogue, in doses of 
thirty drops, three times a-day, in a little 
sugar and water. Ellis. 



NAPHTHALINA. 287 

Griffith's Myrrh Mixture. 
R. Myrrh one drachm 

Sulphate of iron one scruple 

Carbonate of potassa one drachm 

Sugar two drachms 

Water six fl. ounces 

Make mixture. As a tonic in phthisis, in 
tablespoonful doses, according to circum- 
stances. Ellis. 

Compound Myrrh Mixture. 
R. Powdered myrrh one drachm 

Carbonate of potassa half a drachm 
Sulphate of iron twelve grains 

Mucilage gum Arabic two fl. drachms 
Decoction of liquo- 
rice six and a-half fl. ounces 
Spirit of allspice one fl. ounce 
Rub the myrrh, potassa, sulphate of iron, 
and mucilage, well together; add gradually 
the other ingredients. Dose, a tablespoon- 
ful, twice or thrice a-day. Babington. 
Nearly the same as Griffith's mixture, and 
used in the same cases. 

Oil of Myrrh. 

R. Myrrh two parts 

Washed sand three parts 

Distil, separate the oil that passes, and 

rectify it. Wirt. Ph. 

Myrrh Plaster. 
R. Balsam of Peru 

Camphor 

Powdered myrrh, each, one ounce and 
a-half 

Lead plaster thirty-two ounces 

Triturate the three first ingredients to- 
gether, and when intimately mixed, add 
the melted plaster, and stir until chilled j 
then form into rolls of half a pound each. 



N 



NAPHTHALINA. 

Naphthaline 

Is a product of the distillation of coal tar, and 
is deposited from the rectified oil of coal tar, in 
white, shining, concrete crystals, and may be 
purified by dissolving in alcohol and recrystnlliz- 
ing. It is an active expectorant, in doses of eight 
to thirty grains. 

. Syrup of Naphthaline. 
R. Naphthaline sixteen grains 



Dissolve in smallest quantity of hot alco- 
hol, and triturate with 

Syrup four ounces 

Dupasquier. 

Ointment of Naphthaline. 

R. Naphthaline one scruple 

Lard five drachms 

Mix. As an application in dry tetter, 

lepra, psoriasis, &c. Emery. 



288 



Lozenges of Naphthaline. 
R. Naphthaline five scruples 

Sugar twenty ounces 

Oil of aniseed 

Mucilage of tragacanth, each, sufficient 
Mix, and form lozenges of fifteen grains. 
Expectorant. One occasionally, to the 
amount of twenty a-day. Dupasquier. 



NARCOTINA— NUX VOMICA. 



NARCOTINA. 

Narcotine 

Is a white, tasteless, inodorous principle, exist- 
ing in opium. It forms bitter salts with the acids. 
It has been used with success as an antiperiodic, 
in doses of three grains, three times a-day. 

R . Residue of opium, exhausted by 

Water at will 

Dry it, powder it coarsely, add cold acetic 
acid, express, and filter; add an excess of 
ammonia, wash the precipitate with cold 
water, dissolve in boiling alcohol, decolor- 
ize by means of animal charcoal, let cool, 
and crystallize. 

Bolus of Narcotine. 
R. Narcotine one scruple 

Oil of almonds six drops 

Crumb of bread 

Honey, each, sufficient 

Mix, and make eight boluses. One, three 
times a-day, in the apyrexia of intermit- 
tents. Brera. 

Mixture op Narcotine. 
R. Narcotine one drachm 

Lemon water three fl. ounces 

Mix. Dose, a spoonful. Brera. 



NARCOTINE MURIAS. 

Muriate op Narcotine. 
R. Opium two pounds 

Alcohol twenty pounds 

Rub together, gradually adding the spirit, 
till the opium is exhausted, decant, and 
press residue; to solution add ammonia, 
till turbid. Distil off one-fourth of alco- 
hol, and let the product cool; wash the 
deposit with water, and then with a drachm 
of muriatic acid mixed with a quart of 
water. Filter the solution, and evaporate 
to dryness. Dose, about the same as of 
narcotine. 0' Shaughncssy. 



NUX VOMICA. 
Nux Vomica 

Is the seed of the Strychnos nux vomica, a mode- 
rate sized tree, a native of many parts of the East 
Indies, having a very bitter wood. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nal. Syst. Lo- 
ganiacea?. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 271. Griffith, Med. Bot. 469. 

The seeds are flat, peltate, with a narrow an- 
nular striae, somewhat downy on the surface; 
they are of a horny consistence, inodorous, and 
of a bitter, acrid, somewhat nauseous taste. Nux 
vomica is a violent excitant of the cerebro-spinal 
system, and in large doses an active poison. In 
small doses, frequently repeated, it is tonic, diure- 
tic, and even laxative. It owes its energetic pro- 
perties to the presence of strychnia and brucia. It 
is principally used in paralysis, in doses of about 
five grains, three or four times a-day. 

Powder op Nux Vomica. 
R. Powdered nux vomica three grains 

Gum Arabic 

Sugar, each, twelve grains 

Mix. Advised in chronic dysentery. One, 
every day. Souheiran. 

R. Powdered nux vomica eighteen grains 
ipecacuanha 

twenty-four grains 

Powdered rhubarb one drachm 

Prepared chalk two scruples 

Oil of peppermint two drops 

Mix. To be divided into twelve powders. 

One every three or four hours, in cardial- 

gia, &c. Vogt. 

Extract op Nux Vomica. 
R. Nux vomica one pound 

Alcohol sufficient 

Expose the nux vomica to steam, till soft- 
ened, slice, dry, and reduce it to powder. 
Place this in a displacement apparatus, add 
alcohol till it comes away without bitter- 
ness. Distil off the alcohol from the 
tincture, and evaporate to a proper con- 
sistence. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, half a grain tp two grains. 

Tincture op Nux Vomica. 
R. Powdered nux vomica one part 

Alcohol four parts 

Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 

Cottereau. 
Dose, five to twenty drops, in paralysis. 

Compound Tincture op Nux Vomica. 

R. Extract of nux 

vomica twenty-four grains 

Camphor one drachm 

Tincture of pellitory one fl. ounce 



OLEUM ANIMALE EMPYREUMATICUM— OLEUM CAJUPUTI. 



289 



Mix. Dose, twenty drops, four times a- 
day, in paralysis. Radius. 

R. Tincture of nux vomica 

Spanish flies, each, 

one fl. drachm 

Phosphoric ether one fl. scruple 

Mix. Thirty drops, three or four times a- 

day, in paralysis. Radius. 

Pills of Nux Vomica. 
R. Powdered nux vomica thirty grains 
Conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and make ten pills; one, twice or 
thrice a-day, in paralysis, closely watching 
the effects. Ellis. 

Pills op Extract or Nux Vomica. 
R. Extract of nux vomica one scruple 
liquorice seven scruples 
Mix, and make eighty pills. Two to four, 
two or three times a-day, in paralysis. 

Radius. 
Compound Pills of Nux Vomica. 
R. Extract of nux vomica six grains 



Black oxide of iron one drachm 

Mix, and make twenty-four pills. Three 
a-day, in atonic incontinence of urine. 

Mondiere. 

Pills of Nux Vomica and Aloes. 

R. Extract of nux vomica ten grains 

Pills of aloes and myrrh four scruples 

Mix well, and form thirty-six pills. One 

or two, night and morning. Copland. 

Mixture of Nux Vomica. 
R. Extract of nux vomica ten grains 

Elder water six fl. ounces 

Mucilage of gum Arabic 

Spirit of mallows, each, one fl. ounce 
Mix. A spoonful every two hours, in 
chronic dysentery. Ammon. 

Lotion of Nux Vomica. 

"R. Extract of nux vomica eight grains 

Alcohol two fl. ounces 

Strong water of ammonia half fl. ounce 

Mix. As a stimulating lotion to paralyzed 

limbs. Radius. 



OLEUM ANIMALE EMPY- 
REUMATICUM. 
Dippel's Animal Oil. 
R. Oil of hartshorn at will 

Distil off one-fourth, by a slow heat, on a 
sand-bath, keeping it protected from the 
light. Van Mons. 

Antispasmodic, diaphoretic, and anodyne, in 
doses of five or ten drops; poisonous in large 
doses. 

Liniment of Dippel's Oil. 
R. Dippel's oil one drachm 

Oil of almonds six drachms 

Turpentine soap half an ounce 

Mix. As an exciting liniment, also as an 
application to the abdomen, in cases of 
worms. Sundelin. 

Tincture of Dippel's Oil. 

R. Dippel's oil one part 

Sulphuric ether fifteen parts 

Dissolve. Fifteen to thirty drops, as a 

stimulant and antispasmodic. Beral 

Mixture of Dippel's Oil. 
R. Dippel's oil one drachm 

Hoffmann's anodyne three drachms 
19 



Dissolve. Twenty to thirty drops, four 
times a-day, in chorea and tetanus. 

Radius. 



OLEUM CAJUPUTI. 

Oil of Cajeput. 

This is a fluid, transparent, green oil, of an 
aromatic and pleasant odor, and a warm, pun- 
gent taste; obtained from the Melaleuca cajuputi, 
a small tree, a native of the Molucca islands. 

Sex. Syst. Polydelph. icosand. Nat. Sipt. Myr- 
tacea?. 

Maton. Lond. Pharm. 1800. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 296. 

It is also furnished by other species. It is an 
active stimulant, when given internally, in doses 
of a few drops, and acts as a rubefacient, when 
applied to the skin. 

Mixture of Oil of Cajeput. 
R. Oil of cajeput half a drachm 

Dippel's animal oil one drachm 

Mix. As a stimulant. Dose, five to fif- 
teen drops. Augustin. 

Cajeput Liniment. 
R. Cajeput oil 

Camphor, each, three drachms. 



290 



OLEUM MORRHU.E— OLEUM OLIV.E. 



Soft soap two ounces 

Alcohol one pint 

Water of ammonia two fl. ounces 

Mix. As an embrocation. Chapman. 



OLEUM MORRHUiE. 
Cod Liver Oil. 

This, which is also called Oleum jecoris aselli, 
is procured from the livers of several kinds of 
fish, but principally from the Cod, though that 
from the Ray is said to be preferable. There 
are several varieties; one, clear and limpid, the 
other dark colored, and somewhat acrid, which 
is said by many writers to be the most powerful. 
The pale oil has a faint smell, and a bland taste. 
It has obtained much celebrity as an alterative, 
in strumous affections ; in chronic gout, rheuma- 
tism, and cutaneous diseases, &c. The dose 
for an adult, is from half a spoonful to three, 
spoonfuls, two or three times a-day. 

Mixture op Cod Liver Oil. 
R. Cod liver oil four fl. ounces 

Grum Arabic 

Sugar, each, two drachms 

Cinnamon, or mint 

water four fl. ounces 

Mix. One or two tablespoonfuls, morn- 
ing and evening. Ellis. 
R. Cod liver oil four fl. ounces 

Solution of carbonate of 

potassa half fl. ounce 

Syrup of orange peel half fl. ounce 

Peppermint water seven fl. ounces 
Mix. Dose, one and a-half fl. ounces to 
three fl. ounces. Beasley. 

R. Cod liver oil one fl. ounce 

Solution carbonate of 

potassa two fl. drachms 

Syrup of orange peel one fl. ounce 

Oil of calamus three drops 

Mix. Dose, one to two fl. drachms, night 
and morning, for rickets in children. 

Fehr. 
R. Cod liver oil 

Syrup of orange peel 

Aniseed water, each, one fl. ounce 

Oil of calamus three drops 

Mix. Three spoonfuls a-day, in rachitis, 
and gouty swellings. Phcebtis. 

Syrup op Cod Liver Oil. 
R. Cod liver oil eight parts 

Powdered gum Arabic five parts 

Simple syrup four parts 

Make an emulsion, and add 

Sugar twenty-four parts 

Dissolve by gentle heat, and add 

Orange-flower water two parts 

Duclou. 



Liniment op Cod Liver Oil. 

R. Cod liver oil one fl. ounce 

Water of ammonia half fl. ounce 

Mix. Brack. 

R. Cod liver oil four fl. drachms 

Lead water two fl. drachms 

Yolk of egg three drachms 

Mix. As an application to ulcers, &c. 

Brefeld. 

Ointment of Cod Liver Oil. 

R. Cod liver oil three fl. ounces 

Spermaceti six drachms 

White wax two drachms 

Melt together, and stir till cold. Beadey. 

R. Caustic soda one ounce 
Water two fl. ounces and a-half 

Dissolve, and add 

, Cod liver oil eight fl. ounces 

Agitate briskly. Deschanips. 

R. Cod liver oil ten parts 

Lead water five parts 

Lard ten parts 

Mix. 

Compound Ointment op Cod Liver 
Oil. 

R. Cod liver oil one fl. drachm 

Red oxide of mercury four grains 

Simple cerate two scruples 

Mix. Cunier. 
R. Cod liver oil 
Extract of wood 

soot, each, two drachms 

Citrine ointment one drachm 

Beef marrow six ounces 

Mix. Carron. 
In opacities of the cornea, and scrofulous oph- 
thalmia. 

Compound Oil op Cod Liver. 
R. Cod liver oil one fl. drachm 

Walnut oil two fl. drachms 

Mix. A drop or two to be introduced be- 
tween the eyelids, in opacities of the cor- 
nea. Radius. 



OLEUM OLIVJE. 
Olive Oil. 

The oil of the fruit of Olca Europcea, a small 
tree, originally from Syria, but now extensively 
cultivated in the countries bordering on the Me- 
diterranean. 

Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Oleaceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 11. Griffith, Med. Bot. 442. 

Good olive oil is an unctuous fluid, of a pale 
yellow or greenish color ; almost inodorous, and 
of a bland taste. It is principally used as an ar- 
ticle of food, but is also employed in medicine 
as a demulcent, emollient, and laxative, and in 



OLEUM RICINI. 



291 



the composition of liniments, ointments, &c. 
The dose, as a laxative, is about a fl. ounce. 

Olive Oil Mixture. 
R. Syrup of gum four fl. ounces 

Olive oil 
Mix. As a laxative. 

R. Olive oil 

Aromatic spirit of 
ammonia 



half fl. ounce 
Radius. 

eight fl. ounces 

two fl. drachms 
Mix. Three spoonfuls, night and morn- 
ing, as an anthelmintic. Ellis. 

R. Olive oil 

Solution carbonate of 
potassa 

Mint water 
Mix. 

R. Olive oil 

Water of carbonate of 

ammonia one fl. drachm 

Mint water seven fl. ounces 

Mix. Guy's Hospt. 

R. Olive oil mixture eight fl. ounces 

Manna one ounce and a-half 

Mix. Dose> three spoonfuls as a laxative. 

Si. Barts Hospt. 

Olive Oil Clyster. 



one n. ounce 

half fl. drachm 

seven fl. ounces 

Guy's Hospit. 

one fl. ounce 



R 



Common salt 
Olive oil 
Molasses, each, 
Warm water 
Mix. 

R. Manna 

Compound decoction of 
chamomile 
Dissolve, and add 

Olive oil 

Sulphate of magnesia 



one tablespoonful 



two table spoonfuls 

one pint 

U. S. Dispens. 



one ounce 

ten fl. ounces 

one fl. ounce 

half an ounce 

Dub. Ph. 



OLEUM RICINI. 

Castor Oil. 

The oil of the seeds of Ricitlus communis, a 
perennial tree in tropical countries, but an annual 
herbaceous plant, in temperate latitudes. The 
seeds are ovate, compressed, bean-like, of a gray- 
ish ash color, marbled with reddish brown, not 
unlike the dog tick in appearance. 

Sex.Syst. Monoec. monad. Nat.Syst. Euphor- 



Linn. Sp. Pi. 1430. Griffith, Med. Bot. 599. 

The oil, which is generally obtained by expres- 
sion, is a thick, viscous, colorless fluid, with a 
faint, but unpleasant odor, and a mild, but nause- 
ous taste, followed by a slight sensation of acridity. 
It is a mild, but prompt cathartic, acting rather 
as an evacuant than as an excitant of the alvine 
secretions. The dose is about a fl. ounce ; for 
infants, from one to four fl. drachms. Its dis- 



gusting taste is best disguised by mixing it with 
froth of porter. 

Oleaginous Mixture. 

R. Castor oil one ounce 

Powdered gum Arabic two drachms 
Sugar one drachm 

Rub together, and add gradually- 
Mint water four fl. ounces 

Triturate well. A tablespoonful, every 

hour or two hours, till it acts. Ellis. 

In some cases, as in dysentery, it is of benefit, 

to add thirty or forty drops of laudanum to the 

mixture. 

R. Castor oil 

Mucilage of gum Arabic 

Syrup of orgeat, each, two ounces 

Water ten fl. ounces 

Make an emulsion. Dose, as last. Beral. 

R. Castor oil one ounce 

Yolk of egg one 

Water of orange peel two fl. drachms 
Water two fl. ounces 

Make an emulsion. 

R. Castor oil 
Yolk of egg 
Orange-flower water 
Simple syrup, each, 
Water 

Make an emulsion. 

R. Castor oil 

Powdered tragacanth 
White sugar seventy-five grains 

Water two and a-half fl. ounces 

Syrup of orange-flowers six fl. drachms 

Triturate the tragacanth with the sugar; 

add the syrup, and rub well in a mortar, 

until the mucilage begins to thicken, then 

add the oil, and continue rubbing till it is 

homogeneous, adding the water gradually, 

during the process. Mamie. 

Emulsion of Castor Oil Seeds. 
R. Castor oil seeds half an ounce 

Anise water four ounces 

Sugar two drachms 

Deprive the seeds of their exterior, tritur- 
ate them to a uniform pulp with a little 
water, and the sugar, and finally add the 
remainder of the water gradually, and 
strain through a coarse cloth. W. Procter. 

Anthelmintic Emulsion. 
R. Castor oil 

Mucilage of gum 

Arabic, each, one ounce 

Syrup of Corsica moss 
Water of semen contra 

chamomile, each, 

two fl. ounces 



one ounce 
one 

half an ounce 

two ounces 

Cotter eau. 

eleven drachms 

half a drachm 



292 



OLEUM TEREBINTHIN.E. 



Emulsion of sweet 

almonds eight fl. ounces 

Mix, and make an emulsion. As an an- 
thelmintic. Beral. 

Castor Oil Clyster. 

R. Castor oil one ounce and a-half 

Yolk of egg two 

Infusion of chamomile six fl. ounces 

Mix. Radius. 

Mixture op Castor Oil and Ether. 
R. Castor oil one ounce 

Sulphuric ether -two drachms 

Mix. A spoonful every two hours, ad- 
vised as an anthelmintic, in cases of tape- 
worm. Radius. 

Fixature. 

R. Castor oil two ounces 

Spermaceti one drachm 

Arnotto half an ounce 

Oil of bergamot one drachm 

Otto of roses five drops 

Mix; melt by a moderate heat, and strain. 

To stiffen, and keep hair in form. 

Redwood. 



OLEUM TEREBINTHINJE. 
Oil of Turpentine. 

This is usually known as Spirits of turpentine, 
and is the volatile oil obtained from the turpentine 
afforded by several species of Pinus. It is limpid, 
colorless, of a strong, penetrating, peculiar odor, 
and of a warm, pungent, somewhat bitterish 
taste. It is stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic, and 
cathartic, and externally rubefacient. 

Purified Oil op Turpentine. 
R. Oil of turpentine eight parts 

Alcohol one part 

Agitate together, and pour off the spirit, 
and repeat the process several times. 

Nimmo. 
Lotion for Chilblains. 
R. Oil of turpentine four parts 

Sulphuric acid one part 

Olive oil ten parts 

Mix. To be applied to the affected part, 
night and morning. Gassicourt. 

Oil of Turpentine and Honey. 
R. Oil of turpentine two fl. drachms 

Honey one fl. ounce 

Mix. A teaspoonful night and morning, 
in warm tea. In sciatica. Ellis. 

Lotion for Toothache. 
R. Oil of turpen- 
tine one fl. drachm and a-half 
Oil of cloves 
Oil of cajeput, each, half a fl. drachm 



Balsam of Peru two drachms 

Opium two scruples 

To be well rubbed together. As an ap- 
plication to the face, in cases of toothache. 
Beasley. 
Turpentine Mixture. 
R . Oil of turpen- 
tine one hundred and twenty drops 
Powdered gum Arabic 

sugar, each, two drachms 
Laudanum sixty drops 

Compound spirits of 

lavender two fl. drachms 

Mint water five fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours, 

in low forms of fever, &c. Ellis. 

Vermifuge Emulsion. 

R . Oil of turpentine six. fl. drachms 

G-um Arabic two drachms 

Chamomile water six fl. ounces 

Sulphuric ether two fl. drachms 

Mix. Two spoonfuls, night and morning, 

in cases of tapeworm. Radius. 

Turpentine Mixture. 
R. Oil of turpentine one fl. ounce 

Powdered gum Arabic 

sugar, each, two drachms 
Mint water four fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours 
till it operates. An active purgative. 

Frank. 

R. Oil of turpentine three fl. drachms 

Yolk of egg two 

Syrup of mint two fl. ounces 

orange flowers 

ether, each, one fl. ounce 

Tincture of cinnamon half a fl. drachm 

Mix. A spoonful, three times a-day, in 

neuralgia and rheumatism. Foy. 

R. Oil of turpentine one fl. ounce 

Yolk of egg one 

Triturate together, and add, gradually, 
Emulsion of almonds four fl. ounces 
Syrup of orange two fl. ounces 

Compound spirit of 

lavender four fl. drachms 

Oil of cinnamon four drops 

One fl. ounce, three times a-day. Advised 

as a purge in Iritis. Carmichael. 

Spirit of Turpentine Mixture. 
R. Honey 

Spirit of turpentine 
Ammoniated tincture of 

guaiacum, each, two drachms 

Oil of cloves 



lemon, each, 



three drops 



OLEUM TIGLII. 



293 



Mis. A teaspoonful, twice or three times 
a-day, in sciatica and lumbago. Copland. 

Turpentine Clyster. 
R. Oil of turpen- 
tine one fl. ounce and a-half 
Yolk of egg one 
Tepid infusion of flaxseed one pint 
Mix. Ellis. 
R. Oil of turpentine one fl. ounce 
Yolk of egg sufficient 
Decoction of barley nineteen fl. ounces 
Lond. Ph. 

Turpentine and Ether. 
R. Oil of turpentine 

Sulphuric ether equal parts 

Mix. Dose, twenty to forty drops, in 
honey or syrup, in biliary calculi, and as 
an external application in rheumatism. 

Cottereau. 

Turpentine Liniment. 
R. Oil of turpentine 

olives, each, two fl. ounces 

Tincture of camphor one fl. ounce 
Water of ammonia one fl. drachm 
Mix. As an external rubefacient. 

Ellis. 

R. Soft soap two ounces 

Camphor one ounce 

Oil of turpentine sixteen fl. ounces 

Mix. A powerful rubefacient. Lond. Ph. 

R . Oil of turpentine half a pint 

Resin cerate one pound 

Melt the cerate, and add the turpentine. 

U. S. Ph. 

This is known as Kentish's ointment, and is 

much used as an application to burns and scalds. 

Acetic Turpentine Liniment. 

R, Oil of turpentine three fl. ounces 

Acetic acid five fl. drachms 

Rose water two and a-half fl. ounces 

Essence of lemon four fl. scruples 

Yolk of egg one 

Mix. As an external embrocation and 

liniment in phthisis. Stokes. 

Sulphuric Turpentine Liniment. 

R. Oil of turpentine three fl. ounces 

Sulphuric acid one fl. drachm 

Olive oil three fl. ounces 

Mix. Brodie. 

Opiated Turpentine Liniment. 
R. Oil of turpentine one fl. ounce 

chamomile two fl. ounces 

Laudanum one fl. drachm 

Mix. As a lotion in neuralgia. 

Recamier. 



Starkly' s Soap. 
R. Dry carbonate of potassa 

Oil of turpentine 

Turpentine equal parts 

Mix the potassa with the oil, then add the 
resin, and triturate till the mixture is of 
the consistence of honey. Used in dropsy, 
and in gonorrhoea. Dose, eight to ten 
grains. Guibourt. 

Diuretic Wine. 
R. Oil of turpentine two fl. drachms 

Lemon juice one fl. ounce 

Wine four fl. ounces 

Mix. For a single dose. 



OLEUM TIGLII. 

Croton Oil. 

This oil is procured, for the most part, from 
the seeds of the Croton tiglium, but also from 
those of two or three other species. They are 
all natives of India, and the adjoining parts of 
Asia. The C. tiglium is a moderate sized shrub, 
bearing a somewhat triangular nut, containing 
three ovoid seeds, of a reddish brown color, hav- 
ing an oleaginous kernel, which affords, on pres- 
sure, the oil in question. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Eu- 
phorbiaceaB. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1426. Griffith, Med. Bot. 597. 

The oil, when pure and fresh, is nearly color- 
less, or yellowish ; but when kept for some 
time, becomes of a reddish-brown or orange 
color. It has a faint, but peculiar smell, and an 
acrid and hot taste. It is a powerful hydra- 
gogue purgative, and has been much used in 
dropsy, apoplexy, and visceral obstructions; 
when applied externally, it causes irritation and 
inflammation of the skin, followed by a pustular 
eruption; and has been successfully employed 
in rheumatism, neuralgia, and bronchial and 
pulmonary affections. Dose for an adult, one to 
two drops. 

Bolus op Croton Oil. 

R. Croton oil one drop 

Powdered gum Arabic half a drachm 

Syrup of orange flowers sufficient 

Mix, and make four boluses. Two to 

four to be taken in the morning. Foy. 

Pills of Croton Oil. 

R. Croton oil six drops 

Soap half a drachm 

Oil of caraway eight drops 

Powdered liquorice root sufficient 

Mix, and make twelve pills. Dose, one 

or more. llecce. 

R. Croton oil six drops 

Pill of aloes and 

myrrh one drachm and a-half 

Soap one scruple 

Powdered liquorice root sufficient 



OLEUM TIGLII. 



Dose, two 

Copland. 

one drop 

sufficient 

One, every 

Ellis. 

two drops 

two grains 

sufficient 

Foy. 



294 

Mix, and make thirty-pills, 
to three, or more. 
R. Croton oil 

Crumb of bread 
Mix, and make four pills, 
hour, until they operate. 
R. Croton oil 

Soap 

Grum Arabic 
Mix, and make four pills. 

Compound Croton Oil Pills. 
R. Powdered scammony 

Powdered aloes, each, sixty-four parts 
Croton oil three parts 

Alcohol four parts 

Dissolve the oil in the alcohol ; add the 
solution, gradually, to a mixture of the 
powders, and beat into a mass. Divide 
into pills of five grains. One to three, 
for children of eight to fourteen years of 
age ; three to five, for adults. Beral. 

Pills of Croton Oil and Quinine. 

R. Croton oil soap three grains 

Sulphate of quinine one drachm 

Extract of dandelion sufficient 

Mix, and make twenty pills. One for a 

dose. Caventou. 

Pills of Croton Oil and Blue Mass. 

R. Croton oil soap three grains 

Extract of henbane 
Blue mass, each, twenty-four grains 
Oil of pimento twelve minims 

Mix, and make twelve pills. Two at 

bedtime. Neligan. 

Lozenges of Croton Oil. 

R. Vanilla chocolate two drachms 

Sugar one drachm 

Starch one scruple 

Croton oil five drops 

Mix, and make thirty lozenges. 

Soubeiran. 

Soap of Croton Oil. 
R. Croton oil two parts 

Solution of caustic soda one part 

Mix ; put into paper moulds ; in a few 
days, slice, and- keep in well-stopped bot- 
tles. Dose, one to three grains, in pills. 

Foy. 

Tincture of Croton Oil. 
R. Croton oil sixteen drops 

Alcohol one ounce 

Macerate for six or eight days, and filter. 
Dose, fifteen to twenty-five drops. 

Soubeiran. 
R. Croton oil four drops 



Tincture of myrrh one fi. ounce 

Mix, digest, and filter. Dose, one to two 

fl. drachms. Bateman. 

R. Croton oil eight drops 

Alcohol one fl. ounce 

Mix, digest, and filter. Dose, half to one 

fl. drachm. Nimmo. 

Emulsion of Croton Oil. 
R. Croton oil three drops 

Almond oil half a fl. ounce 

Powdered gum Arabic two drachms 
Triturate well, and gradually add 

Syrup of orange flowers one fl. ounce 

Chamomile water five fl. ounces 

A tablespoonful every two hours, till it 
operates. Phoebus. 

R. Croton oil one drop 

Yolk of egg two drachms 

Orange-flower water 

Mint water, each, one ounce 

Make an emulsion. Foy. 

Mixture of Croton Oil. 
R. Croton oil one to two drops 

Mucilage of gum Arabic 
Distilled water, each, one fl. ounce 
Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, un- 
til it operates. Ellis. 
R. Croton oil two drops 
White sugar two drachms 
Gum Arabic half a drachm 
Tincture of cardamom half fl. drachm 
Distilled water one fl. ounce 
Mix. Dose, two dessertspoonfuls every 
three or four hours. As it is agreeable to 
the taste, it is suited for children, but in 
smaller doses. Beral. 
R . Tincture of croton oil twenty-five drops 
Mucilage of gum Arabic one drachni 
Water one ounce 
Mix. In the morning, fasting. Foy. 

Saponaceous Solution of Croton Oil. 

R. Croton oil eight drops 

Potassa six grains 

Distilled water two fl. drachms 

Mix. From three to six drops may be 

given for a dose. Ellis. 

Liniment of Croton Oil. 

R. Croton oil one part 

Olive oil five parts 

Mix. Pereira. 

R. Croton oil one fl. drachm 

Oil of turpentine one fl. ounce 

Mix. Corrigan. 

R. Croton oil four drops 

Carbonate of soda ten grains 



OPIUM. 



295 



Spirit of mint half an ounce 

In friction, in rheumatism. Foy. 

R. Croton oil 

Solution of potassa, each, half fl. ounce 
Mix, and agitate. 
R. The above solution thirty minims 

Rose water one fl. ounce 

Mix. To be used twice a-day, till pustules 
appear. J. Allen. 

Embrocation or Croton Oil. 

R. Croton oil twenty minims 

Tartar emetic one scruple 

Solution of potassa one fl. drachm 

Water eight fl. drachms 

Mix. To keep up a mild eruption on the 

skin. Morris. 

Cerate of Croton Oil. 
R. Lard two and a-half parts 

Wax half a part 

Melt together, and when nearly cold, mix 
with them 

Croton oil one part 

Caventou. 
R. Soap cerate four parts 

Melt, and when semifluid, add 

Croton oil one part 

Beasley. 

Plaster op Croton Oil. 
R. Lead plaster four parts 

Melt, and when nearly cold, add 

Croton oil one part 

Spread on linen for an adhesive and irri- 
tating plaster Boucliardat. 
R. Lead plaster eight parts 
Melt, and when nearly cold, add 

Croton oil twenty parts 

To be spread as above. xV very active 
counter irritant. Boucliardat. 

Ointment op Croton Oil. 
R. Croton oil ten minims 

Lard half an ounce 

Mix. Ainslic. 



OPIUM. 
Opium. 

Opium is the inspissated juice of the unripe 
capsules of the Papavcr somniferum, and presents 
many varieties, as the Turkey or Smyrna, the 
East Indian or Bengal, the Egyptian, &c. ; of 
which the first is the best, and affords the largest 
proportion of morphia. 

Opium contains various peculiar principles, 
several of which arc officinal, and are treated of 
under their respective titles. Turkey opium is 
in flatfish, rounded masses, of half a pound to 
two pounds in weight, covered externally with 



the seed vessels of some species of dock. The 
texture is soft ; the color is pale brown ; the odor 
is strong and narcotic, and the taste bitter and 
acrid. 

Opium is stimulant, in small and repeated 
doses, narcotic in large ; and also antispasmodic, 
diaphoretic, sedative, and anodyne. It is used 
to fulfil a variety of indications; to procure 
sleep, to lull pain, to check morbid discharges, 
to alleviate cough, &c. The medium dose is 
one grain, but in spasm, &c, it is given in much 
larger doses. 

Extract op Opium. (Aqueous.) 
R. Opium one pound 

Water five pints 

Cut the opium into small fragments, mace- 
rate it for twenty-four hours in a pint of 
water, break the pieces down with the 
hand, express; add another pint of water 
to the residuum, macerate for twenty-four 
hours, and again express; repeat this pro- 
cess till all the water has been used. Filter 
the several infusions, unite them, and eva- 
porate on a water-bath to due consistence. 
Edin. Ph. 

Extract op Opium. (Aqueo-Alco- 

holic.) 
R. Opium one part 

Alcohol four parts 

Cut the opium in small pieces, and digest 
it in the alcohol for two days, at a gentle 
heat, express, and treat the residue with 
four parts of warm water; express, unite 
the solutions, and evaporate to due con- 
sistence. Taddci. 

Extract op Opium. (Acetous.) 
R. Opium one ounce 

Distilled vinegar two pints 

Cut the opium into small pieces, digest in 
the vinegar for two days, on a sand-bath, 
stirring from time to time, decant, filter, 
and evaporate to due consistence. 

Soubeiran: 

Extract op Opium. (Alcoholic.) 
R. Opium at will 

Alcohol sufficient 

Reduce the opium to small pieces, digest 
in the alcohol in a closed vessel, by a gen- 
tle heat, often stirring, filter, and distil off 
the alcohol, till the residue is of due con- 
sistence. Antwerp Ph. 

Extract op Opium. (Vinous.) 
R. Opium one part 

White wine four parts 

Reduce the opium to small pieces, mace- 
rate it in the wine for twcnt}''-four hours, 
occasionally stirring; express. Macerate 
the residue in two more parts of wine, and 



296 opium. 



express; unite the solutions, and evaporate 
to proper consistence. Par. Cod. 

Extract of Opium. (Denarcotized.) 
R. Aqueous extract of opium at will 

Hub it with a little water, put it in a flask, 
add sulphuric ether, agitate, and decant; 
repeat the process with other portions of 
ether, as long as anything is taken up, 
and evaporate the residuum to a pilular 
consistence. Robiquct. 

R. Aqueous extract of opium four parts 

Resin one part 

Beat together, and add 

Boiling water sixteen parts 

Boil till reduced one half, add as much 
cold water as has been boiled away, filter, 
and evaporate. Limousin — Lamothe. 

Extract of Opium. (By Fermenta- 
tion.) 
R. Opium one part 

Water eight parts 

Mix, and add 

Yeast sufficient 

Let ferment for a week, at a temperature 
of 68° to 70°; then dilute with water, fil- 
ter, boil till all vinous odor is dissipated, and 
evaporate to proper consistence. Dcyeux. 
R. Opium two ounces 

Dissolve in a mixture of 

Quince juice 

Water, each, sixty ounces 

Digest for some days, with a gentle heat, 
strain, and add 

White sugar four ounces 

Let ferment for a month, stirring from 
time to time, then strain, and evaporate. 
Langoht. 

Extract of Opium. (Roasted.) 
R. Powdered opium one part 

Heat it on a flat dish, over a moderate 
fire, constantly stirring, as long as fumes 
are given off. Treat it twice with six times 
its weight of cold water, filter, and evapo- 
rate. Guibourt. 
The last three forms of Extract, whilst con- 
taining the full proportion of morphine, are de- 
prived of the irritating and virose principles of 
opium. 

Compound Powder of Opium and 
Chalk. 

R. Powdered opium six grains 

cinnamon one drachm 

long pepper eight grains 
Prepared chalk one drachm and a-half 
Mix, and divide into twelve powders. 
One, three or four times a-day. In diar- 
rhoea. Ellis. 



Powder of Roasted Opium. 
R. Powdered opium at will 

Put it in a flat dish ; moisten it with white 
wine, expose to a moderate heat, constantly 
stirring till it is perfectly dry, repeat the 
operation, till the opium is one-half reduced, 
moisten with vinegar, and rub into paste, 
dry, and pulverize. As an astringent in 
hemorrhages, and mucous discharges, in 
doses of three or four grains, with some 
bitter extract. Giordano. 

Powder of Opium, Camphor, &c. 

R. Powdered opium ten grains 

camphor two scruples 

Carbonate of ammonia four scruples 

Starch fifteen grains 

Mix, and make eight powders. One, 

every hour or two, as antispasmodic. 

Swediaur. 

Powder of Opium and Nitre. 
R. Powdered opium four grains 

nitre 
Sugar of 

milk, each, one drachm and a-half 
Mix, and make six powders. As an an- 
tispasmodic. Phoebus. 

Powder of Opium and Sulphur. 
R. Powdered opium 

camphor, each, two grains 

sulphur 

sugar, each, half a drachm 
Mix, and make four powders. One, every 
three hours, in lead colic. Hildcbrand. 

Powder of Opium and Musk. 

R. Powdered opium two grains 

Musk five grains 

Magnesia four grains 

Sugar of milk ten grains 

Mix. To be taken every two to four hours, 

in delirium tremens. Vogt. 

Powder of Opium and Antimony. 
R. Dover's powder 

James' powder, each, four grains 

Mix. To be taken every four hours, in 
obstinate rheumatic pains. Brera. 

Pills of Opium. 

R. Powdered opium one drachm 

Soap twelve grains 

Beat into a mass, and divide into sixty 

pills. U. S. Ph. 

Pills of OnuM, Henbane, and 
Hemlock. 

R . Powdered opium four grains 

Extract of henbane 

hemlock, each, fifteen grains 



OPIUM. 



297 



Mix, and divide into ten pills. One at 
night, where an anodyne is required. 

Ellis. 

Pills of Opium and Sulphuret op 

Antimony. 

R. Extract of opium ten grains 

Precip. sulpht. antimony twelve grains 

Nitrate of potassa twenty-four grains 

Syrup sufficient 

Mix, and make six pills. One at bedtime, 

to cause perspiration, and to ease pain in 

rheumatism. Recamier. 

Pills op Opium and Foxglove. 
R. Powdered opium 

foxglove, each, six grains 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and make twelve pills. One, every 
four hours, in asthma, &c. Ellis. 

Aromatic Pills op Opium. 
R. Extract of opium 
Saffron 

Powdered cinnamon 
nutmeg 

cardamom, each, one drachm 
Syrup of orange flowers sufficient 

Mix, and make pills of three grains. 
Known as Oriental pills, and considered 
to be aphrodisiac. One to three, at bed- 
time. Cadet. 

Pills of Opium and Camphor. 

R. Extract of opium three grains 

Camphor six grains 

Syrup sufficient 

Mix, and make six pills. One to three a- 

day, as an anodyne, and antispasmodic. 

Foy. 
Pills of Opium and Butter of Cacao. 
R. Butter of cacao 
Powdered gum 

Arabic, each, forty-eight grains 
Extract of opium twelve grains 

Syrup of ipecacuanha sufficient 

Mix, and make pills of five grains. One 
in the evening, as an anodyne and expector- 
ant. Petit. 

Pills of Opium and Musk. 

R. Extract of opium twelve grains 

valerian 
Musk, each, twenty-four grains 

Mix, and make sixteen pills. One, then 

two, then three a-day, in hysteria. Foy. 

Pills mf ()[>p ;\i and Sulphate of Zinc. 

R. Extract of opium one grain 

Sulphate of zinc four grains 

Syrup of gum sufficient 

Mix, and make four pills. Two a-day, in 



painful mucous discharges from the urethra 
or vagina. Foy. 

Pills of Opium, Hemlock, Calomel. 
R. Extract of opium eighteen grains 

hemlock one drachm 

Calomel thirty-six grains 

Syrup of mallows sufficient 

Mix, and make thirty-six pills. Two to 
six a-day, as alterative and sedative, in or- 
ganic affections. Foy. 
R. Opium four grains 
Calomel six grains 
Tartar emetic one grain 
Extract of hemlock one scruple 
Mix, and make eight pills ; two to be taken 
at bedtime, in rheumatic pains. Brande. 

Pills op Opium and Acetate op Lead. 

R. Extract of opium one grain 

Acetate of lead four grains 

Powdered henbane eight grains 

Mix, and make eight pills. One, morning 

and evening, in epilepsy. Recamier. 

R . Acetate of lead twenty-four grains 

Powdered opium three grains 

Syrup sufficient 

Mix, and make twelve pills. One every 

three hours, in hemorrhages, dysentery, 

and cholera. Chapman. 

Pills op Opium and Acetate of 
Mercury. 
R. Extract of opium 

Acetate of mercury 

Camphor, each, twelve grains 

Syrup of poppies sufficient 

Mix, and make thirty pills. One, morning 
and evening, in syphilis. Carmichael. 

Pills of Opium, Nitrate of Silver, 

&c. 

R. Extract of opium seventy-two grains 

Nitrate of silver six grains 

Musk forty- eight grains 

Camphor ninety-six grains 

Mix, and make ninety-six pills. One, 

morning and evening, gradually increasing 

the dose, in epilepsy, paralysis, &c. Foy. 

Pills of Opium, Castor, &c. 

R. Opium half a grain 

Castor six and a-half grains 

Powdered digitalis one grain 

Syrup sufficient 

Make two pills. One to be taken twice or 

thrice a-day. In spasmodic asthma and 

dyspnoea. A. T. Thomson. 

Pills op Opium and Liquorice. 
R. Powdered opium ten grains 



carious teeth. 


Clams. 


R. Opium 


five grains 


Oil of cloves 


three drops 


Extract of henbane 


five grains 


belladonna 


ten grains 


Powdered pellitory 


sufficient 


Mix, and make a consistent mass. Used 


as above. 


Rust. 


Balsam for the Toothache. 


R. Opium 


one scruple 


Oil of turpentine one drachm anda-half 


Oil of cloves 




cajeput, each, 


half a drachm 


Balsam of Peru 


two drachms 


Mix. 


Beaslcy. 


R. Opium 




, Camphor, each, 


two scruples 


Dissolve in a little alcohol, 


and add 


Oil of cloves 


one drachm 


guaiaeum 


two drachms 


nutmeg 


six drachms 


Mix. 


Van Mons. 


Toothache Drops. 


R. Opium 




Camphor, each, 


ten grains 



Mix 



298 opium. 

— ♦ — . 
Extract of liquorice one drachm 

Mix, and make eighty pills. One, occa- 
sionally, as an expectorant. Wart. Ph. 

Confection of Opium. 
R. Powdered opium four drachms and 

a-half 

Aromatic powder six ounces 

Clarified honey fourteen ounces 

Rub the opium with the aromatic powder, 

add the honey, and beat together till 

thoroughly mixed. U. S. Ph. 

As a stimulant narcotic, in atonic gout, flatulent 

colic, &c. It contains one grain of opium in 

thirty-six. 

R. Powdered catechu four ounces 

kino three ounces 

nutmeg 

cinnamon, each, one ounce 
Opium, dissolved in 

wine, one drachm and a-half 

Syrup of red roses twenty-seven ounces 

Mix. Each drachm contains rather less 

than half a grain of opium. Soubeiran. 

Anti-Odontalgic Mass. 

R. Opium two grains 

White wax two drachms 

Mastic one drachm 

Oil of almonds three drachms 

cloves twelve drops 

cochineal eight grains 

Mix well into a uniform mass. To fill 



Alcohol 
Oil of cloves 

cajeput, each, 



sufficient 



one drachm 
Copland. 
Antidysenteric Opiate. 



four grains 

half a drachm 

one drachm 



six drachms 



R. Purified opium 
Ipecacuanha 
Tormentilla 
Syrup of whortleberrie 
Conserve of red 
roses, each, 
Mix. Dose, one drachm, every hour. 

Quarin. 

Plaster of Opium. 

R. Powdered opium two ounces 

Burgundy pitch three ounces 

Lead plaster one pound 

Boiling water four fl. ounces 

Melt together the pitch and plaster; then 

add the opium mixed with the water, and 

boil to the proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 

As an application in rheumatic and other 

pains. 

Plaster of Opium and Camphor. 
R. Powdered opium 
camphor 

soap, each, one drachm 

Laudanum sufficient 

to make a plaster Ellis. 

R. Opium 

Camphor, each, half a drachm 

Lead plaster sufficient 

Mix. For local pains. Paris. 

R. Opium one drachm 

Simple plaster two ounces 

Gralbanum one ounce 

Oil of caraway two drachms 

Melt the last three ingredients, and acid 
the opium. As an application to the ab- 
domen, in flatulent colic, diarrhoea, and 
dysentery. Swediaur. 

Liniment of Opium. 

R. Soap six ounces 

Opium one ounce and a-half 

Camphor three ounces 

Oil of rosemary six fl. drachms 

Rectified spirit two pints 

Macerate the soap and opium in the spirit 

for three days ; filter ; add the oil and 

camphor, and agitate briskly. Ed. Ph. 

As an embrocation in rheumatic pains, sprains, 

&c. 

Liniment of Opium and Oil of Cha- 
momile. 
R. Opium 

Oil of chamomile, each, half a drachm 
almonds two drachms 



OPIUM. 



299 



Mix. As a friction around the eyes, in 
spasm of the eyelids. Wetler. 

Anti-Otitic Mixture. 

R. Opium four grains 

Saffron ten grains 

Myrrh half a drachm 

Juice of mallows half an ounce 

Oil of almonds two ounces 

Triturate well together, and strain. As 

an injection into the ear, in pain in that 

organ. Pierguin. 

Anodyne Ointment. 
R. Opium 

Saffron, each, one scruple 

Yolk of egg one 

Poplar ointment 
Acetate of lead oint- 
ment, each, one ounce 
Mix. As an application to painful he- 
morrhoids. Fulda Ph. 
R. Syrup of opium one ounce 
Lard three ounces 
Essence of roses four drops 
Mix. For chapped lips. Pierguin. 
R. Opium half a drachm 
Extract of hemlock one drachm 
Basilicon ointment half an ounce 
Mix. As an application to gangrenous 
ulcers. Cams. 
R. Opium ten grains 
Alum fifteen grains 
Lard half an ounce 
Mix. In the treatment of ulcerated, 
atonic buboes. Simon. 

Ointment op Opium and Tar. 
R. Powdered opium two drachms 

Tar ointment one ounce 

Mix. As an application to hemorrhoids. 

Ellis. 
Cerate op Opium. 
R. Opium half a drachm 

Yolk of egg one 

Mix well, and add 

Simple cerate one ounce 

Triturate well together. Lagncau. 

Syrup op Opium. 
R. Extract of opium one part 

Water sixteen parts 

Syrup five hundred parts 

Dissolve the opium in the water, filter, add 
it to the syrup, heated to boiling, strain. 
Par. Cod. 
Succinated Syrup op OpiuxM. 
R. Syrup of opium one ounce 

Spirit of amber two grains 

Mix. Soubeiran. 



Anodyne Collyrium. 

R. Extract of opium ten grains 

Camphor six grains 

Boiling water twelve fl. ounces 

Rub the opium and camphor together, and 

add the water, and strain. Ellis. 

R. Extract of opium four grains 

Rose water four ounces 

Dissolve, and strain. Par. Cod. 

Opium Fomentation. 

R. Extract of opium two drachms 

Boiling water one pint 

Dissolve, and strain. As a fomentation in 

pruriginous affections. Radius. 

Injection op Opium. 
R. Opium twelve grains 

Solution of subacetate 

of lead twelve drops 

Water nine ounces 

Mix. As an injection in gonorrhoea. 

Girtenner. 
R. Extract of opium six grains 

belladonna 

one drachm and a-half 
Decoction of wild lettuce one pound 
Dissolve. As an injection in neuralgia, and 
hemorrhage of the urethra and vagina. 

Foy. 
R. Extract of opium one and a-half grain 
Distilled water five fl. drachms 

Dissolve. As an injection in coryza, and 
other inflammations of the nasal, mucous 
membrane. Deschamps. 

He directs one nostril to be closed by the finger, 
and the liquid to be drawn up into the other, &c. 

Clyster op Opium. 
R. Powdered opium two grains 

Mucilage of gum Arabic half fl. ounce 

Tepid milk two fl. ounces 

Mix. Ellis. 

R. Flaxseed one ounce 

Boiling water six ounces 

Infuse for an hour, strain, and add 

Extract of opium two grains 

Dissolve. Svielman. 



Suppository of Opium. 

R. Powdered opium two grains 

Soap four grains 

Mix. Ellis. 

Linctus with Opium. 

R. Extract of opium one grain 

Peruvian bark four grains 

Camphor six grains 

Sugar one drachm 

White linctus four ounces 



300 



OPIUM. 



Mis. In bronchitis, when the cough is 
violent. Foy. 

Mixture op Opium and Syrup of 

Poppies. 

R. Opium two to three grains 

Syrup of poppies one ounce 

Chamomile water six ounces 

Mix. A spoonful every half hour, in 

dysentery. Swediaur. 

Mixture op Opium and Lime "Water. 
R. Extract of opium one grain 

Lime water 

Oil of almonds, each, three fl. drachms 
Mix. For the treatment of sore nipples, 
to be applied on dossils of lint. 

Sibergundi. 

Mixture of Opium and Cinnamon 

Water. 

R. Powdered opium ten grains 

Sugar one drachm 

Cinnamon water six fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours, 

in tetanus and colica pictonum. Ellis. 

Water of Opium. 
R. Opium, in small pieces one pound 
Water six pounds 

Macerate for forty-eight hours, and distil 
one pound. It is given in the dose of one 
to four drachms, in syrup of sugar. Foy. 

Muriate of Opium. 
R. Powdered opium one ounce 

Muriatic acid one ounce 

Distilled water twenty ounces 

Mix, and shake the mixture frequently, 
for fourteen days, strain, and filter. Dose, 
from twenty to forty drops. Said not to 
cause headache. Nichol. 

Vinegar of Opium. Black Drop. 
R. Powdered opium eight ounces 

Coarsely powdered 

nutmeg one ounce and a-half 

Saffron half an ounce 

Sugar twelve ounces 

Distilled vinegar sufficient 

Digest the opium, nutmeg, and saffron, with 
a pint and a-half of distilled vinegar, on a 
sand-bath, with a gentle heat, for forty- 
eight hours, and strain. Digest the resi- 
due with an equal quantity of distilled 
vinegar, in the same manner, for twenty- 
four hours. Put the whole into a displace- 
ment apparatus, and return the filtered 
liquor as it passes, until it comes away 
clear. When the filtration has ceased, 
pour distilled vinegar gradually on the 
residue in the filter, until the whole quan- 



tity of filtered liquor amounts to three 
pints. Lastly, add the sugar, and, by 
means of a water-bath, evaporate to three 
pints and four fl. ounces. Diluted acetic 
acid may be substituted for the distilled 
vinegar. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, about six minims, which are nearly 
equivalent to one grain of opium. 

Lancaster Black Drop. 

R. Opium half a pound 

Verjuice three pints 

Bruised nutmeg one ounce and a-half 

Saffron half an ounce 

Boil to a proper consistence ; add two 

spoonfuls of yeast, and let stand in a 

warm place for six or eight weeks, and 

then in the open air till of the consistence 

of syrup, then decant, filter, and bottle; 

adding a little sugar to each bottle. Dose, 

six to ten drops. Armstrong. 

Houlton's Black Drop. 
R. Opium two ounces and a-half 

Diluted acetic acid thirty-two ounces 
Digest for six days with a gentle heat, 
and filter, evaporate to an extract ; mace- 
rate in 

Rectified spirit five fl. ounces 

Distilled water thirty-five ounces 

for eight days, and filter. Bea&ley. 

About the strength of laudanum. 

Guy's Hospital Black Drop. 

R. Powdered opium eight ounces 

Juice of crab apples two pints 

boil gently for half an hour, decant, and 

boil residue with one pint more of the 

juice, for a quarter of an hour ; express, 

and strain ; mix the two liquors, and add 

Bruised nutmeg one ounce 

Saffron half an ounce 

Yeast half fl. ounce. 

Ferment for some days ; macerate for 

fourteen days ; filter, and evaporate by a 

water-bath to consistence of thin syrup. 

Dose, two to ten minims. 



Rousseau's Black Drop. 
R. Opium four ounces 

Honey twelve ounces 

Hot water five pounds 

Yeast two drachms 

Dissolve the opium and honey separately 
in the hot water, mix, and add the yeast ; 
keep at about 80° F. for a month; ex- 
press; filter; distil off sixteen ounces, 
and evaporate residue to ten ounces ; add 
to it one and a half ounce of strong spirit ; 
mix, and filter. Four drops are equiva- 
lent to one grain of opium. Beasley. 



Porter's Black Drop. 
R. Opium four ounces 

Citric acid two ounces 

Beat together in a mortar, and add 

Boiling distilled water one pint 

Triturate well together, let stand for 
twenty-four hours, and filter. Dose, from 
six to twenty-four drops. Redtcood. 

Acetated Tincture of Opium. 
R. Opium two ounces 

Vinegar twelve fl. ounces 

Alcohol half a pint 

Rub the opium with the vinegar, then 
add the alcohol, macerate for fourteen 
days, express, and filter through paper. 

U. S. Ph. 
Dose, ten minims or twenty drops, which are 
equivalent to a grain of opium. 

Mixture with Black Drop. 

R. Houlton's black drop ten drops 

Spirit of nitric ether half a drachm 
Distilled water one ounce 

Mix. To be taken at once. Foy. 

Sedative Mixture. 

R. Opium two grains 

Distilled vinegar half an ounce 

Plantain water six ounces 

Syrup of white poppy one ounce 

Mix, and filter. In spoonful doses, in 

haemoptysis with spasms. Pierquin. 

Wine op Opium. 
R. Powdered opium two ounces 

Bruised cinnamon 

cloves, each, one drachm 

Wine one pint 

Macerate for fourteen days, agitating occa- 
sionally, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, about thirteen minims or twenty-five 
drops, equivalent to a grain of opium. 

R. Extract of opium two ounces 

Cinnamon water ten ounces 

Alcohol two ounces 

White wine four ounces 

Mix, and macerate for four days, and filter. 

Brwjnatelli. 

About the same strength as the last. 

R . Acetous extract of opium six drachms 
Sherry wine ten ounces 

Brandy two ounces 

Mix; macerate for four days, and filter; 

each drachm contains four grains of opium. 
Lalouette. 

Laudanum of Sydenham. 
R. Opium two ounces 

Saffron one ounce 



OPIUM. 301 

— ♦— 

Bruised cinnamon 

cloves, each, one drachm 

Sherry wine one pint 

Mix, and macerate for fifteen days, and 

filter. Par. Cod. 

Twenty drops are equivalent to a grain of 

opium. 

COLLTRIUM OF WlNE OF OPIUM. 

R. Decoction of flaxseed four ounces 

Saffron one drachm 

Wine of opium one drachm 

Macerate the saffron in the flaxseed decoc- 
tion, strain, and add the wine of opium. 



R. Acetate of copper 
Dissolve in 

Rose water 
add, 

Wine of opium 
In chronic ophthalmia 



three grains 
eight ounces 



one drachm 
Foy. 

Fomentation of Wine of Opium. 
R. Opium one ounce 

Wine two pints 

Boil down to one pint. As an anodyne 
application, in gouty and rheumatic pains, 
&c. Pierquin. 

Odontalgic Drops. 
R . Wine of opium 

Hoffmann's anodyne 
Oil of peppermint equal parts 

Mix. In frictions on the cheek, and ap- 
plied to carious teeth, on cotton. 

Bobberan. 

Mixture of Wine of Opium. 

R. Wine of opium ten drops 

Cinnamon water one ounce 

Balm water two ounces 

Tincture of castor twenty drops 

Syrup of opium half an ounce 

Mix. In spoonful doses, in uterine colic. 

Augustin. 

R. Cascarilla 

Colombo, each, two drachms 

Boiling water sufficient 

to obtain seven ounces of strained infusion. 
Add to this 

Wine of opium 

Sulphuric ether, each, twenty drop3 
To be taken by degrees, in chronic diar- 
rhoea. Brera. 



Tincture of Opium. 
R. Opium, powdered, 



Laudanum. 
two ounces and 
a-half 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 

U. 8. Ph. 



302 



OPIUM. 



Dose, thirteen minims or twenty-five drops, 
equivalent to a grain of opium. 

Battle y's Sedative Drops. 
R. Hard extract of opium three ounces 
Boiling distilled water thirty ounces 
Dissolve, when cold filter, and add 

Rectified spirit six ounces 

and water sufficient to make up two pints. 

Cooley. 

Smith's Concentrated Laudanum. 
R. Denarcotized opium four ounces 

Dissolve in alcohol, filter, evaporate to 
consistence of an extract, redissolve in 
water, and evaporate the filtered solution 
to twelve ounces; add 

Rectified spirit twenty-two drachms 

Distilled water sufficient 

to make up sixteen ounces. Dose, three 

to five drops. Bcasley. 

Compound Tincture of Opium. 
R . Extract of liquorice 

Opium, each, half an ounce 

Carbonate of potassa one drachm 

"Water three pints 

Boil down to one pint, filter, and evapo- 
rate to twelve ounces, then add 

Spirit of pimento five fl. ounces 

Powdered cochineal half a drachm 
Let rest for some time, and filter. 

Med.-Chirurg. Rev. 

Ammoniated Tincture of Opium. 
R. Benzoic acid 

Chopped saffron, each, six drachms 

Sliced opium half an ounce 

Oil of anise one drachm 

Spirit of ammonia two pints 

Digest for seven days, and filter. Ed. Ph. 

Also called Scotch Paregoric. Eighty minims 

should contain one grain of opium. 

Camphorated Tincture of Opium. 
Paregoric. 
R. Powdered opium 

Benzoic acid, each, one drachm 

Oil of anise one fl. drachm 

Clarified honey two ounces 

Camphor two scruples 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 

U. S. Ph. 

Half a fl. ounce contains rather less than a 
grain of opium. Dose, for an infant, five to 
twenty drops ; for an adult, one to two fl. 
drachms. 

Bateman's Pectoral Drops. 
R. Diluted alcohol four gallons 

Rasped red saunders two ounces 



Digest for twenty-four hours, filter, and 
add 

Powdered opium 
catechu 

camphor, each, two ounces 

Oil of anise four fl. drachms 

Digest for ten days. About as strong as 

camphorated tincture of opium, or two 

grains of opium to the fl. ounce. 

Phil. Coll. Pharm. 

Godfrey's Cordial. 
R. Tincture of opium one pint and a-half 
Sugar-house molasses sixteen pints 
Alcohol two pints 

Water twenty-six pints 

Carbonate of 

potassa two ounces and a-half 

Oil of sassafras four fl. drachms 

Dissolve the carbonate of potassa in the 
water; add the molasses; heat over a 
gentle fire, till they simmer ; remove the 
scum ; add the laudanum and oil of sassa- 
fras, previously mixed together. 

Phil. Coll. Pharm. 
Contains rather more than one grain of opium 
to the fl. ounce. 

Tincture of Opium and Soap. 
R. Opium half an ounce 

Soap two ounces 

Alcohol sixteen ounces 

Digest for three days on a water-bath, fil- 
ter, and dissolve in the liquor 

Camphor six drachms 

Oil of rosemary one drachm 

Principally used in frictions, in pains in 

the limbs, &c, but also given internally, 

in doses of thirty to fifty drops, in wine. 

Turin Ph. 

Succinated Tincture of Opium. 
R. Opium forty grains 

Camphor 

Amber, each, half a drachm 

Alcohol six ounces 

Digest for four days on a water-bath, and 

filter. As a friction in spasmodic attacks. 

Dumas. 

Swediaur's Tincture of Opium. 
R . Extract of opium one drachm 

Distilled water four drachms 

Alcohol half a drachm 

Dissolve, and filter. Five drops are equi- 
valent to a grain of opium. Swediaur. 

Tincture of Opium and Asarabacca. 

R. Asarabacca root 

Sassafras, each, one ounce 

Aloes wood half an ounce 



OPIUM. 



303 



Opium three drachms 

Carbonate of ammonia one drachm 

Alcohol sixteen ounces 

Digest for twenty days, and filter. Dose, 

six to thirty drops. In hysteria and epi- 

Cottereau. 



Warner's Tincture of Opium. 
R. Opium 

Soap, each, six* drachms 

Nutmeg one drachm 

Camphor four drachms 

Saffron forty grains 

Spirit of ammonia nine ounces 

Digest for ten days, agitating occasionally, 
then filter. Van lions. 

Lettsom's Elixir. 
R. Opium 
Benzoic acid 

Saffron, each, two drachms 

Camphor four scruples 

Oil of anise one drachm 

Ipecacuanha 

Balsam of tolu, each, half an ounce 
Alcohol two pounds 

Macerate for ten days, and filter. Dose, 
five to twenty drops, in hooping-cough. 

Augustin. 

Clyster of Laudanum. 
R. Tincture of opium half a drachm 
Infusion of flax- 
seed two to four fl. ounces 
Mix. Ellis. 

R. Decoction of starch four fl. ounces 
Tincture of opium thirty minims 

Mix. In obstinate vomiting, strangury 
from blisters, painful affections of the 
genito-urinary apparatus, tenesmus, &c. 

Lond. Ph. 

Clyster op Laudanum and Valerian. 

R. Tincture of opium five to six drops 

Infusion of valerian three ounces 

Mix, in spasms, in children. Swediaur. 

Opiate Liniment. 
R. Olive oil two fl. ounces 

Tincture of opium two fl. drachms 
Solution of acetate of 

lead half a fl. ounce 

Mix. Ellis. 

R. Sulphuric 

ether two fl. drachms and a-half 
Spirit of cam- 
phor two fl. ounces and a-half 
Laudanum half a fl. ounce 
Mix; as an embrocation in flatulent colic. 
Ainslic. 



R. Tincture of opium 

Spirit of sulphuric ether 

camphor, each, two fl. ounces 
Mix. As an embrocation in rheumatism, 
tooth, or earache, &c. Ellis. 

Liniment op Laudanum and Lime 
Water. 
R. Tincture of 

opium two drachms and a-half 

Lime water one ounce 

Oil of almonds two ounces 

Mix. To be applied on lint; four times 

a-day, on painful syphilitic pustules. 

Phoebus. 

Laudanum Ointment. 

R. Tincture of opium one drachm 

Spermaceti ointment two ounces 

Mix. As an application, morning and 

evening, to painful hemorrhoids. Brera. 

Brown Cough Mixture. 
R. Paragoric elixir one ounce 

Antimonial wine half an ounce 

Powdered gum Arabic 
Extract of liquor- 
ice, each, three drachms 
Water six ounces 
Mix well. A tablespoonful, every three 
or four hours, in catarrh. JDewees. 

R. Extract of liquorice 
Powdered gum 

Arabic, each, two drachms 

Boiling water four fl. ounces 

Dissolve, and add 

Antimonial wine two fl. drachms 

Tincture of opium twenty minims 
Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally. 

Wood. 

Opiate Linctus. 
R . Tincture of opium two fl. drachms 
Diluted sulphuric 

acid two fl. drachms and a-half 

Molasses eight fl. ounces 

Water three fl. ounces 

Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, to 

quiet cough. Beasley. 

Anodyne Draught. 

R. Camphor mixture nine drachms 

Nitrate of potassa six grains 

Comp. spirit of ether one drachm 

Tincture of opium ten to twelve minims 
Syrup of poppies two drachms 

Mix. To be taken at bedtime. Copland. 

R. Tincture of opium twelve minims 

Water one fl. ounce 

Pimento water three drachms 



304 

Syrup of poppies one drachm 

Mix. Beasley. 
R. Tincture of 

opium fifteen to twenty-five drops 

Syrup of poppies two fl. drachms 

Spirit of cinnamon one fl. drachm 

Distilled water one fl. ounce and a-half 

Mix. Ellis. 

Mixture of Laudanum and Tartar 

Emetic. 
R. Laudanum one fl. drachm 

Tartar emetic four grains 

Camphor mixture eight fl. ounces 

Mix. In delirium tremens, and the ad- 
vanced stage of low fevers. Dose, half a 
fl. ounce to one fl. ounce. Graves. 

Wistar's Cough Lozenges. 
R. Powdered gum Arabic 

extract of liquorice 
sugar, each, two drachms 
opium six grains 

Oil of anise four drops 

Mix, and add 

Distilled water sufficient 

Make into mass, and divide into sixty 
lozenges. One, three or four times a-day. 

Ellis. 



OPOPONAX— ORYZA. 



OPOPONAX. 

Opoponax. 

A gum resin obtained from the Opoponax chi- 
ro)ihtm, a tall, parsnep like plant, a native of the 
warm countries of Europe and the Levant. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiacea 5 . 

Decandolle. iv. 170. Griffith, Med. Bot. 323. 

It occurs in tears and irregular lumps, or frag- 
ments, of a reddish-yellow color. Its odor is 
strong, peculiar, and unpleasant, and its taste bit- 
ter and acrid. It is seldom used in this country, 
but was formerly much esteemed in a variety of 
diseases. The dose is from ten to thirty grains. 

Tincture op Opoponax. 

R. Opoponax one part 

Alcohol five parts 

Macerate for some days, and filter. Beral. 
Compound Tincture of Opoponax. 

R. Hound birthwort 
Long birthwort 

Orris root, each, half an ounce 

Opoponax 

Sagapenum, each, two drachms 

Guaiacum four scruples 

Cloves two drachms 

Camphor three drachms 

Alcohol ten ounces 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, and filter. 

As an application to foul venereal ulcers. 
Brera. 



Emulsion of Opoponax. 



one drachm 
two drachms 



R. Opoponax 

Soap, each, 

Yolk of egg 

Syrup of worm- 
wood one ounce and a-half 

Fennel water three ounces 

Make an emulsion. A teaspoonful every 
hour, as a vermifuge. Bories. 



ORIGANUM. 

Origanum. 

The article so designated in the U. S. Pharm. 
is the herb of the Origanum vulgare, a native of 
Europe, but extensively naturalized in the United 
States. 

Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. La- 
miacese. 

Linn. -Sp. PI. 834. Griffith, Med. Bot. 511. 

The dried herb has an aromatic, agreeable 
odor, and a hot, pungent taste, depending on the 
presence of a volatile oil. It is somewhat tonic 
and stimulating, and has been used in the form 
of infusion as a diaphoretic and emmenagogue. 
The oil is employed in stimulating liniments. 



ORYZA. 

Rice. 



The seed or grain of Oryza sativa, an annual 
plant, said to be a native of Ethiopia, but now 
extensively cultivated in most warm countries. 

Sex. Syst. Hexand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Grami- 
naceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 475. Griffith, Med. Bot. 660. 

This grain as found in commerce is deprived 
of its cuticle, is white, dry, hard, inodorous, and 
of a farinaceous taste. It is very nutritive, and, 
in the form of a decoction, emollient. 

Rice Water. 
R. Rice, well washed, two ounces 

Water two quarts 

Boil for an hour and a half, then add sugar 
and flavoring, as may be required. Ellis. 
R. Rice five drachms 

Water sufficient 

to obtain a quart of decoction; add 

Liquorice root three drachms 

Let stand for some time, and strain, add- 
ing sugar, &c, at will. Cottereau. 

Rice Gruel. 
R. Ground rice one ounce 

Cinnamon one drachm 

Water one quart 

Boil for forty minutes, adding the aro- 
matic near the close. Strain, and sweeten. 

Ellis. 
Mucilage of Rice. 
R. Rice one ounce 



OVUM. 



305 



Macerate it for three hours in 

Tepid water one quart 

Then boil slowly for an hour ; and strain. 
A. T. Thomson. 
Rice Jelly. 
R. Eice sufficient 

Macerate in as much water as will cover 
it, boil slowly, adding water as it evapo- 
rates, until the rice is reduced to a pap, 
sweeten and flavor, and pass through a fine 
sieve. On cooling, it becomes a moderately 
consistent jelly. A good diet in dys- 
pepsia, &c. 



OVUM. 

Eggs. 

Oil op Eggs. 
R. Yolk of eggs at will 

Heat gently till the moisture is dissipated, 
introduce into a displacer, and exhaust by 
ether, distil the product in a water-bath, 
heat the residue, till the albuminous mat- 
ter coagulates, then strain. Par. God. 
Was, at one time, much esteemed as an appli- 
cation to hemorrhoids, chaps, and excoriations, 
&c. 

Emulsion of Eggs. 

R. Yolk of eggs two 

Powdered sugar one ounce 

Boiling water fourteen ounces 

Triturate the eggs and sugar in a marble 

mortar, gradually adding the water. 

Beral. 

Emollient Clyster op Eggs. 
R. Yolk of eggs two 

Decoction of bran one pound 

Mix. Pierquin. 

Restorative Clyster op Eggs. 

R. Yolk of egg one 

White wine two ounces 

Beef tea, without salt, eight ounces 

Mix. Radius. 

Mixture with Eggs. 
R. Yolk of egg one 

Cream six ounces 



Cinnamon barley water six drachms 

Sugar one ounce 

Mix. To be taken in teaspoonful doses, 
in the convalescence of children. Foy. 
R. Yolk of egg one 

Water two pints 

Make an emulsion, and add 

Common salt half a drachm 

Mix. In mesenteric atrophy of children. 

Hufeland, 

Egg anl*Brandy Mixture. 
R. Brandy 

Cinnamon water, each, four fl. ounces 
Yolk of eggs two 

Sugar half an ounce 

Oil of cinnamon two minims 

Mix. Lond. Ph. 

As a stimulant in the sinking stage of fevers. 

Egg and Wine Mixture. 

R. Yolk of eggs two 

Oil of cinnamon twenty drops 

Mix, and add 
Madeira wine 

Cinnamon water, each, three fl. ounces 
Distilled water two fl. ounces- 

Sugar two drachms 

Mix. Three or four spoonfuls for a dose, 

In convalescence from low fevers. Ellis. 

Liniment of Eggs. 
R. Yolk of egg one 

Flaxseed oil two ounces 

Mix well. As an application to burns. 

Radius. 
R. White of egg one 

Flaxseed oil three ounces- 

Mix well. As the last. Mynsicht. 

Cerate of Eggs. 

R. Yolk of egg one part 

Simple cerate two parts 

Mix well. Foy. 

R. Yolk of a hard-boiled egg one 

Yellow wax half an ounce 

Almond oil one ounce and a-half 

Melt the wax and oil together, and add the 

egg, triturating them thoroughly together. 

As an application to burns. Soubeiran .. 



'20 



306 



PAPAVER— PAREIRA. 



PAPAVER. 

Poppy Heads. 

The ripe capsules of Papaver somniferum. 
These capsules are of a more or less globular 
form, crowned by a radiated, persistent stigma; 
of a light brown color, a papery and brittle tex- 
ture, inodorous, but of a slightly bitter taste. 
They are analogous in properties, but in a slight 
degree, to opium. They contain numerous, 
small, oleaginous seed, which are used in many 
preparations. 

Decoction of Poppy Heads. 
R. Poppy heads, sliced, four ounces 

Water four pints 

Roil, and strain. Loncl. Ph. 

As a soothing and anodyne fomentation, in 
painful tumors and inflammations. 

Syrup of Poppy Heads. 
R . Poppy heads, bruised, fourteen ounces 

Water two gallons and a-half 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down 
to a gallon, express, evaporate to two pints, 
and add 

Sugar two pounds 

Rose, two fl. drachms to a fl. ounce, for an 
infant half a fl. drachm. Dub. Ph. 

As a sedative and hypnotic 

R. Poppy heads sixteen ounces 

Diluted alcohol four pints 

Sugar thirty ounces 

Deprive the heads of their seeds; bruise 
them thoroughly, macerate them in twice 
their weight of diluted alcohol, for two 
days, express powerfully, add the remainder 
of the alcohol, and after twenty-four hours, 
again express. Evaporate the liquids to 
one pint, strain, and add the sugar, and 
dissolve by the aid of a gentle heat. 

W. Procter. 

Extract of Poppy Heads. 
R. Poppy heads, bruised, fifteen ounees 
Roiling water one gallon 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down 
to four pints, strain, and evaporate over a 
vapor-bath, to proper consistence. 

Ed. Ph. 

The dose is from five to ten grains. 

Pectoral Syrup. 
R. Dates two pounds 

Jujubes one pound 

Liquorice root half a pound 



Mallow root 

Maidenhair 

Poppy heads, each, four ounces 

Water sixteen pints 

Roil, strain, and add 

Sugar eight pounds 

Evaporate to the consistence of syrup. 
Dose, one to two ounces. Gassicourt. 

Sedative Injection. 
R. Simple emulsion five fl. ounces 

Decoction of poppy heads one pint 
White of egg one drachm 

Mix. As an injection in acute gonor- 
rhoea. Gassicourt. 

Sedative Mixture. 
R. Flaxseed two drachms 

Poppy head one 

Water sufficient 

to obtain eight ounces of infusion, add 

Yolk of egg one 

Mix well. In painful diarrhoea. 

St. Marie. 



PAREIRA. 

Pareira Rrava. 

This is the root of Cissampelos pareira, a climb- 
ing shrub, with large, cordate, villous leaves, a 
native of the West Indies and South America. 

Sex. Syst. Monosc. monad. Nat. Sysl. Menis- 
permacece. 

Linn. Sp. PL 1473. Griffith, Med. Bot. 106. 

The root, which is the officinal portion, as 
found in the shops, is usually in large, crooked 
pieces, of a dark color, externally, and yellowish 
within ; it has at first a sweetish, and somewhat 
aromatic taste, but leaves a bitterish, unpleasant 
impression ; the odor is very slight. It is tonic 
and alterative, and acts specifically on the blad- 
der, diminishing irritability, and diminishing 
mucous secretion. The dose, in substance, is 
from thirty grains to a drachm. 

Infusion of Pareira Rrava. 
R. Pareira brava six drachms 

Roiling water a pint 

Macerate for two hours, and strain. 

Edin. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. ounces, in irritation and 
chronic inflammation of urinary passages. 

Decoction of Pareira Rrava. 
R. Pareira brava four drachms 

Water one pint and a-half 



PAULLINIA— PETROLEUM. 



Boil to a pint, and strain. Dose, from 

eight to twelve fl. ounces, during the day. 

Brodie. 

Extract op Pareira Brava. 
R. Powdered pareirabrava one pound 
Water sufficient 

Mix the powder with half a pint of the 
water ; introduce into a displacement ap- 
paratus, and pour on water, till the pow- 
der is exhausted. Heat the fluid to the 
boiling point; strain, and evaporate to 
proper consistence. Edin. Ph. 

Dose, ten grains to half a drachm. 

Tincture op Pareira Brava. 
R. Pareira brava two ounces 

Diluted alcohol one pint 

Digest for seven days, and filter. Brodie. 
Dose, fifty to sixty drops. 



PAULLINIA. 
Paullinia 



Is a preparation from the seeds of Paullinia 
sorbilis, a climbing plant, indigenous to Brazil. 
The seeds are dried, pounded, mixed with cocoa 
and cassava, and with water ; formed into a 
paste, which is dried. This preparation is of a 
brown color, hard, light, inodorous, and of a 
somewhat astringent taste. It is highly esteemed 
in Brazil, in diseases of the bowels and bladder, 
and has been used in Europe, as a tonic in these, 
and in chlorosis, &c, with much success. 

Sex. Syst. Octan. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Sapinda- 
ceaa. 

Martins. Mat. Med. Bras. 59. 

Lozenges op Paullinia. 

R. Paullinia five drachms and a-half 

Vanilla sugar one pound and a-half 

"Water sufficient 

Mix, and form lozenges of ten grains 

each. Gavrelle. 

Syrup op Paullinia. 
R. Paullinia two drachms and a-half 

Simple syrup ■ two pints 

Mix. Dose, half a fl. ounce. Gavrelle. 

Pills op Paullinia. 
R. Paullinia sufficient 

Make into pills of a grain and a-balf. 
Five to ten, as occasion may require. 

Gavrelle. 

Alcoholic Extract op Paullinia. 
R. Powdered paullinia at will 

Alcohol sufficient 

Introduce into a displacement apparatus, 
and pass the alcohol through till the pow- 
der is exhausted ; distil off the spirit, and 



307 

Eight 



evaporate to proper consistence, 
to ten grains, during the day. 

Dechastelus. 

Chocolate with Paullinia. 

R. Paullinia one ounce 

Chocolate sixteen ounces 

Mix, and form a paste. As a restorative, 

in diseases of debility, chlorosis, &c. 



PETROLEUM. 

Petroleum. 

A liquid bitumen, of a fluid consistence, of a 
brownish black, or reddish brown color, having 
a bituminous odor, and an acrid, strong taste. It 
is found in various parts of the world, issuing 
from the earth in the form of springs. Many of 
these exist in the United States, as on the shores 
of Seneca Lake, on the Kenhawa, &c. These 
products are light colored and more liquid than 
the Barbadoes and other foreign varieties, and 
are known as Seneca oil. 

Petroleum is a stimulating antispasmodic and 
sudorific, with some anthelmintic properties. 
The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm. 

British Oil. 
R. Oil of turpentine 

flaxseed, each, eight fl. ounces 
amber 

juniper, each, four fl. ounces 
Barbadoes petroleum three fl. ounces 
Seneca oil one fl. ounce 

Mix. As a rubefacient liniment. 

Phil. Coll. Pharm, 

R. Oil of turpentine eight fl. ounces 

Barbadoes petroleum four fl. ounces 

Oil of rosemary four fl. drachms 

Mix. Gray. 

Embrocation op Petroleum. 

R. Petroleum half an ounce 

Oil of turpentine one drachm 

Spirit of juniper four ounces 

Mix. As a friction to the loins, in atony 

of the urinary passages and dropsy. 

Radius. 

R . Petroleum half an ounce 

Spirit of lavender one ounce 

Laudanum two drachms 

Mix. As a lotion to frozen limbs. 

Phaibus. 
R. Petroleum 

Alcohol, each, one ounce 

Mix. Saunders. 

R. Petroleum one drachm and a-half 

Spirit of ammonia two ounces 

Mix. As a remedy for chilblain. Radius. 

Ointment op Petroleum. 
R. Petroleum three drachms 



308 



PETROSELINUM— PHOSPHORUS. 



Camphor one scruple 

Simple ointment one ounce and a-half 

Mix. Radius. 

Plaster of Petroleum. 
R . Resin half an ounce 

Camphor one drachm 

Opium half a drachm 

Petroleum sufficient 

Mix. As an application in chronic rheum- 
atism. Radius. 

Anthelmintic Mixture of Petro- 
leum. 
R. Petroleum half an ounce 

Tincture of assafetida six drachms 
Mix. Forty drops, three times a-day, in 
cases of tape-worm. Schwartz. 

Diuretic Mixture of Petroleum. 

R. Petroleum two drachms 

Tincture of squill one drachm 

Spirit of juniper six drachms 

Mix. Forty drops, three times a-day, in 

dropsy. Yogi. 



PETROSELINUM. 
Parsley. 

Parsley, or Petroselinum sativum, is a biennial, 
herbaceous plant, with a fusiform root; a native 
of southern Europe, but generally cultivated in 
our gardens, for the sake of its leaves, which are 
used for culinary purposes. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiaceae. 

Hoffmann, Urab. 1, t. 1. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
318. 

The root, which is the officinal portion, is fusi- 
form, white, fleshy, of a pleasant odor and a 
somewhat sweetish, aromatic taste, becoming 
inert by drying; it should therefore be used in 
recent state. It is diuretic and slightly aperient. 

Infusion of Parsley Root. 
R. Parsley root one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse and strain. A teacupful, with a 
drachm of sweet spirit of nitre, every 
three or four hours. Ellis. 

In strangury from blisters; and highly spoken 
of by Dr. Chapman, in dropsies. 

Oil of Parsley. 
R. Parsley seeds one part 

Water four parts 

Distil, and separate the oil. 

Brunswick Ph. 
Carminative, and also said to be very effica- 
cious in gonorrhoea, in doses of three or four 
drops, three times a-day. 



PHLORIDZINA. 

Phloridzine. 

A bitter principle obtained from the bark of 
the apple, pear, cherry, and plum, especially 
from that of the root. It is white, very bitter, 
and is said to be a powerful febrifuge. It is ob- 
tained by boiling the fresh bark of the root for 
two hours in sufficient water to cover it, decant- 
ing the decoction, and renewing the process. 
The two decoctions are united, permitted to 
stand for twenty-four hours, when a deposit of 
phloridzine will take place, and, by evaporation, 
an additional portion will be obtained. This im- 
pure product is to be treated with distilled water 
and animal charcoal, to purify it. 

Powder of Phloridzine. 

R. Phloridzine ten to fourteen grains 

Sugar one drachm 

Mix. In the apyrexia of intermittent 

fever. De Koninck. 



PHOSPHORUS. 

Phosphorus. 

An elementary substance, usually in the form 
of thin sticks, which are translucent, of a pale 
yellowish color, and flexible consistence. It has 
no perceptible taste, but an alliaceous odor. It 
is principally made from bone ashes, which con- 
sist mainly of phosphate of lime. It is a highly 
powerful, diffusible stimulant, and ought never 
to be given in substance, and its effects should 
be always closely watched. It has been given 
in cases of extreme prostration of the vital 
powers. 

Phosphorated Oil. 
R. Phosphorus one part 

Almond oil sixteen parts 

dissolve, and add 

Oil of bergamot four drops 

Mix. Dose, five to ten drops in some mu- 
cilaginous liquid. Magendic. 
Has been advised in gout, chronic rheumatism, 
&c, and also externally, as a friction. 

Phosphorated Ether. 
R. Phosphorus one part 

Sulphuric ether sixty parts 

Macerate for a month in a bottle covered 
with black paper; decant into small bot- 
tles similarly prepared. Dose, five to ten 
drops, in emollient liquid, every four 
hours. Van Mons. 



R. Phosphorus 

Oil of peppermint 
add to the solution 

Sulphuric ether 



two grains 
half a drachm 

half fl. ounce 



PHYTOLACCA-PIMENTA. 



309 



Mix well. Two to six drops, every four 
hours, on sugar. In epilepsy, paralysis, 
&c. Augtistin. 

Phosphorated Ceeate. 

R. Phosphorated ether five parts 

Simple cerate twenty-four parts 

Mix. As a friction in obstinate cutaneous 

affections. Foy. 

Phosphorated Oil op Turpentine. 
R. Phosphorus two grains 

Oil of turpentine four fl. drachms 

Mix, and dissolve. Dose, ten to twelve 
drops, in obstinate intermittents ; to be 
given in a cupful of oatmeal gruel. 

Hufeland. 
Phosphorated Liniment. 
R. Phosphorus six grains 

Oil of almonds one ounce 

Caustic ammonia 

Camphor, each, two grains 

Mix. Augustin. 

Phosphorated Ointment. 
R. Phosphorated ether one drachm 

Lard one ounce 

Rub together. Guibourt. 

Phosphorus Paste. 
R. Phosphorus eight parts 

Lukewarm water 

one hundred and eighty parts 
Rye meal one hundred and eighty parts 
Melted butter 

one hundred and eighty parts 
Sugar one hundred and twenty parts 
Liquefy the phosphorus in the water ; 
pour into a mortar, and add the meal ; 
when cold, add the butter and sugar. An 
active poison for rats and mice. Simon. 



PHYTOLACCA. 
Poke. 

Both the berries and the root of the Poke, or 
Phytolacca decandra, are officinal. It is a large, 
herbaceous plant, with a perennial root, and 
bearing numerous clusters of dark purple ber- 
ries. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. decagyn. Nat. Syst. Phyto- 
laccaccre. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 631. Griffith, Med. Bot. 535. 

The root, as found in the shops, is in trans- 
verse slices, of a whitish brown externally ; and 
exhibiting on the cut surfaces numerous concen- 
tric rings. The taste is somewhat saccharine, 
followed by a sensation of acrimony; the odor 
of the fresh root is somewhat like that of gin- 
seng, but this disappears on drying. It is cmeto- 
catliartic, with some narcotic properties. It has 
been used as an alterative, in syphilis, rheuma- 
tism, and chronic eruptions. The berries have 



also been praised in the same complaints. The 
dose of the powdered root, is from one to five 
grains, as an alterative ; from ten to thirty as an 
emetic. 

Ointment op Poke. 
R . Powdered root, or leaves 



of poke 
Lard 
Rub together. As s 
tinea capitis, psora, &c. 



one drachm 

one ounce 

application in 

G.B. Wood. 



PIMENTA. 

Allspice. 

This, which is also called Jamaica pepper, is 
the unripe berries of Eugenia pimenta, a beautiful 
evergreen tree, which is indigenous to the West 
Indies and South America. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Myrta- 
cea?. 

Decandolle, Prod. iii. 285. Griffith. Med. Bot. 
300. 

The berries, which are the officinal part, are 
collected before they are ripe, and dried in the 
sun. In this state they are round, brown, some- 
what rough, and a little larger than a pepper- 
corn. They have an aromatic, agreeable odor, 
and a powerful, clove-like taste. Pimento is a 
warm, aromatic stimulant, but is more employed 
as a condiment than in medicine. The dose, in 
powder, is from ten to forty grains. 

Bolus op Allspice. 
R. Powdered allspice 
cinnamon 

saffron, each, four grains 

opium one grain 

conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and make two boluses. In chronic 

diarrhoea. Foy. 

Water op Allspice. 

R. Allspice one pound 

Diluted alcohol seven fl. ounces 

Water sixteen pints 

Distil eight pints. Lond. Ph. 

Used as a carminative. Dose, one to two fl. 

ounces. 



Spirit of Allspice. 



three ounces 

one gallon 

sufficient 

Macerate for 

off a gallon. 



R. Allspice, bruised, 

Diluted alcohol 

Water 
To prevent empyreuma. 
twenty-four hours; distil 
Used in same cases as other aromatic 
spirits, in doses of one to two fl. drachms. 
Dub. Ph. 
Tincture op Allspice. 
R. Allspice one part 

Alcohol five parts 

Macerate for fifteen days, and filter. Dose, 
from ten to twelve drops. JSwediaur. 



310 



PIPER-PIPER LONGUM. 



PIPER. 
Black Pepper. 

This article is the berries of Piper nigrum, a 
perennial, shrubby vine, from eight to twelve 
feet high, a native of India, and extensively cul- 
tivated in many parts of tropical Asia. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Piperaceae. 

Linn. Sp. PL 40. Griffith, Med. Bot. 564. 

The fruit, which is the officinal part, is ga- 
thered before it is quite ripe, and by the drying 
of the pulp over the grayish white seed, become 
wrinkled and black ; in this state they are known 
as black pepper ; if permitted to ripen, and de- 
prived of their skin by maceration, and dried, 
they form what is called white pepper, which is 
less active than the black. 

Black pepper is a warm, carminative stimu- 
lant, but is principally used as a condiment. It 
has, however, been used in gonorrhoea, &c, and 
in the treatment of intermittent fevers, and also 
as an external application, in the form of oint- 
ment, to tinea capitis. The dose is from ten to 
twenty grains. 

Confection op Black Pepper. 
R. Powdered black pepper 

elecampane, each, one pound 
fennel seeds three pounds 

Honey 

Sugar, each, two pounds 

Rub the first three ingredients and the 
sugar together, and keep in a covered ves- 
sel. When to be used, add the honey, and 
incorporate thoroughly (or seven ounces 
of the powder with two ounces of the 
honey). Loud. Ph. 

This, which is the same with Ward's paste, so 
celebrated in the cure of piles, must be used for 
a length of time, to be of service. Dose, from 
one to two drachms, two or three times a-day. 

Ward's Paste. 
R . Powdered black pepper 

elecampane, each, eight 
ounces 
fennel 

seed, twenty-two ounces 
Honey 

Sugar, each, one pound 

Triturate well together, and form an elec- 
tuary. As a remedy in hemorrhoids. A 
piece, the size of a nutmeg, to be taken 
three times a-day. Gray. 

Electuary of Black Pepper. 
R. Powdered black pepper 

Conserve of orange, each, one ounce 
Syrup of orange peel sufficient 

Make an electuary. As a stomachic and 
carminative. A drachm, twice a-day. 

Saunders. 

Resinous Oil of Black Pepper. 
R. Black pepper at will 



Grind it, and extract by means of alcohol 
(8.35) ; distil off the alcohol. Treat the 
resinous residue with solution of potassa, 
which removes all but the piperine. The 
alcoholic liquid is then to be saturated 
with diluted muriatic acid, and the fluid 
oleo-resin, that precipitates, is, after being 
washed with water, ready for use. 

W. Procter. 

Volatile Oil of Black Pepper. 
R. Powdered black pepper at will 

Water sufficient 

Distil, and separate the oil from the pro- 
duct. 

Ointment of Black Tepper. 
R. Powdered black pepper four ounces 
Lard one pound 

Mix. As an application in tinea capitis. 
Dub. Ph. 

Plaster of Black Pepper. 
R. Powdered black pepper 

G-albanum, each, three drachms 

Pitch two ounces 

Oil of laurel berries sufficient 

Mix. As a stimulating plaster, in rheum- 
atism, &c. Augustin. 

Cataplasm of Black Pepper. 
R. Flour of mustard half a pound 

Black pepper 

Ginger, each, one drachm 

Syrup sufficient 

to make a soft paste. To be applied to 

the pit of the stomach in colic, &c. ; or to 

the feet, as a revulsive. Ellis. 



PIPER LONGUM, 
Long Pepper, 

Is the dried spikes of the Piper longum, or 
Chavica qfficinarum, Sec, a climbing shrub, with 
dioecious flowers, a native of some of the East 
India Islands, and cultivated in Sumatra and 
Java. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 41. Griffith, Med. Bot. 566. ■ 
The officinal portion is the fruit catkins, dried 
in the sun. These are aromatic ; of a pungent, 
fiery taste; of a grayish brown color; cylindri- 
cal. This pepper has the same properties as 
the black, but it is little used in this country. 

Cataplasm of Long Pepper. 
R. Powdered long pepper 

ginger, each, half an ounce 

White of egg sufficient 

Mix well into a paste. As a rubefacient 

application in pleurisy. Foy. 



PIPERINUM— PIX ABIETIS. 



311 



PIPERINUM. 

PlPERINE. 

A peculiar principle obtained from Piper ni- 
grum. It is white, and crystallizes in four-sided 
prisms. It was thought to be an alkali, but the 
experiments of Pelletier show that it is more 
analogous to the resins. It has been much 
praised in Italy, as a febrifuge ; and is also 
spoken of with favor by physicians of other 
countries. It has been supposed that its acrid 
taste and remedial properties were dependent 
on an admixture of acrid oil, but Dr. Christison 
has shown that such is not the case. 

R. Alcoholic extract of black 

pepper at will 

Treat it with water, containing a hun- 
dredth of caustic potassa ; wash the resi- 
due in cold water; dissolve in alcohol; 
filter, and permit to evaporate and crys- 
tallize. Guibourt. 
Dose, from two to ten grains. 

Pills of Piperine. 
R. Piperine twenty-four grains 

Crumb of bread sufiicient 

Mix, and make twelve pills. One, every 
two hours. Meli. 

R. Piperine twelve grains 

Extract of gentian sufiicient 

Mix, and make twelve pills. One, every 
hour, during the apyrexia. Ellis. 

Pills op Piperine and Mercury. 
R. Blue pill one grain 

Piperine 

Sulphate of quinine, each, two grains 

Syrup sufiicient 

Mix, and make a pill. Hartle. 

One, three times a day, for a few days, after 

the paroxysm has been checked by piperine. 

Tincture op Piperine. 

R. Piperine one part 

Alcohol seven parts 

Dissolve, and filter. Beral. 



PISCIDIA EYTHRINA. 
Jamaica Dogwood. 

This is a small West Indian tree, with a bard, 
heavy wood, and a narcotic bark, employed to 
ite fish. 

Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Fa- 
bacesB. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 993. Griffith, Med. Bot. 24G. 

The part used is the bark of the root, which 
appears to be a stimulating narcotic ; causing 
excitement of the system, copious perspiration, 
and profound sleep. Applied topically, to allay 
pain. 

Tincture op Jamaica Dogwood. 
R. Bruised Jamaica dogwood one ounce 



Diluted alcohol four fl. ounces 

Digest for seven days, and filter. Full 
dose, as a narcotic, one fl. drachm. 

Hamilton. 



PIX ABIETIS. 

Burgundy Pitch. 

This is the prepared concrete juice of Abies 
excelsa, a lofty tree, a native of Europe and north- 
ern Asia. 

Sex. Syst. Monoec. monadelpb. Nat. Syst. Pi- 
nacse. 

Decandolle, Fl. Fr. iii. 375. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 606. 

It is also obtained from A. picea. 

When pure, it is hard, brittle, opaque, of a 
yellowish, or brownish yellow color, and of a 
weak, turpentine-like taste and odor. The Abielis 
resina of the London College, is the concrete 
juice of several of the pine tribe, as it exudes. 
It is in solid, brittle tears, of a brownish-yellow 
color, and emits an agreeable odor when burned. 

Both are used as ingredients in plaster. 

Pitch Plaster. 
R. Burgundy pitch two pounds 

Resin of spruce fir one pound 

Resin 

Wax, each, four ounces 

Expressed oil of nutmeg one ounce 

Olive oil 

Water, each, two fl. ounces 

Melt the pitch, resin, and wax together, 
and add first the resin of the spruce fir, 
then the olive oil, oil of nutmegs, and 
water; mix, and boil to a proper consist- 
ence. Lond. Ph. 
As a rubefacient plaster in pectoral, rheuma- 
tic, &c, affections. It often causes a serous dis- 
charge, and much irritation. 

R 



Burgundy pitch 
Wax 
Turpentine 
Melt, and mix. 



six ounces 

half an ounce 

one drachm 

Guy's IIosp. 



Aromatic Plaster. 
R. Burgundy pitch three ounces 

Yellow wax half an ounce 

Powdered cinnamon six drachms 

Oil of pimento 

lemons, each, two drachms 

Melt the resin and wax together, and strain. 
When they begin to thicken, on cooling, 
mix in the cinnamon, previously rubbed 
with the oils, and make a plaster. 

Dub. Ph. 
A good local stimulant, when applied to the 
region of the stomach, allaying nausea and vomit- 
ing, and relieving gastric uneasiness. 

Compound Pitch Plaster. 
R. Burgundy pitch two parts 



312 



FIX CANADENSIS- 



White wax 

Turpentine 

Balsam of tolu, each, 
Mix, and melt. 
R. Burgundy pitch 

Resin 

Yellow wax, each, 

Besin of spruce fir 

Oil of nutmegs 
Melt together. 



four parts 

one part 

Beral. 

twenty-four parts 

four parts 

twelve parts 

one part 

Lisbon Ph. 



six parts 

four parts 

three parts 

Beral 



Pitch Cerate 
R. Burgundy pitch 

Suet 

White wax 
Melt together. 

Pills op Burgundy Pitch. 
R. Burgundy pitch five drachms 

Mucilage sufficient 

Mix, and make one hundred pills. Six to 
eight, three times a-day, in cutaneous affec- 
tions. Ulrich. 

PIX CANADENSIS. 

Canada, or Hemlock Pitch. 

The prepared concrete juice of the Abies 
Canadensis, a lofty tree, found in the more 
northern parts of the United States, in Canada, 
&c, and also in the mountainous portions of the 
Middle States. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Pi- 
nacea?. 

Mich. N. A. Sylv. iii. 185. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
606. 

The resin exudes spontaneously, and hardens 
on the bark, from which it is separated by boil- 
ing in water. It, however, requires a purifica- 
tion, by melting and straining, before it is fit fur 
use. In this state, it is hard, brittle, of a dark yel- 
lowish brown color, which becomes darker by ex- 
posure to the air, of a peculiar, but faint odor, 
and a scarcely perceptible taste. 

It is a mild rubefacient, much resembling Bur- 
gundy pitch in its action and powers, and is em- 
ployed for the same purposes. 



-PIX NIGRA. 

Tar Pills. 



PIX 



LIQUIDA. 
Tar. 



This is an impure turpentine, obtained by the 
slow combustion of various species of the pine 
tribe. It is made in large quantities in North 
Carolina, and in various other places in America 
and Europe. 

It is of a brownish black color, of a tenacious 
consistence, has a peculiar empyrcumatic odor, 
and a somewhat bitter, resinous, subacid taste. 

Its properties are analogous to those of the 
turpentines. It is used both internally and ex- 
ternally. The dose is from half a drachm to one 
drachm, several times a-day. 



one drachm 

sufficient 

Beasley. 

one drachm 

sufficient 

G. B. Wood. 

two scruples 

one scruple 

Seymour. 

two pints 
one gallon 



R. Tar 

Powdered elecampane 
Mix, and form a mass. 
R. Tar 

Wheat flour 
Mix, and form a mass. 
R. Tar 

Liquorice powder 
Mix, and make sixteen pills. 

Tar Water. 
R. Tar 

Water 
Mix, stirring with a wooden rod for fifteen 
minutes; when the tar has subsided^ strain, 
and keep in well-stopped bottles. Dub. Ph. 

It is stimulant and diuretic, and was once much 
used in a variety of diseases, especially in those 
of the lungs. The dose is from one to two pints, 
in divided doses, in the course of the day. It is 
also used as a lotion in cutaneous diseases. 

Tar Ointment. 
R. Tar 

Suet, each, one pound 

Melt the suet with a moderate heat, add 
the tar, and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. 

A stimulant application to various cutaneous 
eruptions, as psoriasis and tinea capitis. 

Compound Tar Ointment. 
R. Tar ointment 

Cerate of acetate of 
lead, each, 
Mix. 
R. Tar ointment 

Sulphur ointment' equal parts 

Mix. Guy's Ilosp. 



St. 



half a pound 
Bart', 



PIX NIGRA. 
Black Pitch. 

This is the solid black mass that remains after 
the evaporation of tar. It has a shining fracture. 
It is gently stimulant and tonic, and has been 
used internally in some cutaneous diseases, and 
in piles. The dose is from ten grains to a 
drachm, in piles. It is also employed externally. 

Ointment op Black Pitch. 
R. Black pitch 
Wax 

Besin, each, nine ounces 

Olive oil sixteen fl. ounces 

Melt together, and strain. Bond. Ph. 

Used for the same purposes as tar ointment. 

R. Black pitch 
Resin 

Yellow wax, each, one part 

Olive oil four parts 



PLATINUM— PLUMBI ACETAS. 



313 



Melt the two resins together, add the wax, 

and then the oil. Guibourt. 

R. Black pitch sixteen parts 

Yellow wax twelve parts 

Lard ten parts 

Olive oil two parts 

Melt together. Pipon. 

Plaster of Black Pitch. 
R. Black pitch 

Resin 

Suet 

Turpentine, each, two parts 

Yellow wax three parts 

Melt together. Niemann. 
R. Black pitch 

Resin 

Wax, each, eight parts 

Suet one part 

Melt together. Wirtem. Ph. 



PLATINUM. 
Platina. 



PLATINI BICHLORIDUM. 

Bichloride op Platina. 
Made by dissolving platinum in nitro- 
muriatic acid, and evaporating the solution 
to dryness by a gentle heat. Beasley. 

It, as well as a concentrated solution, is of a 
deep red color. It is very deliquescent and sol- 
uble in water. It is poisonous in the dose of 
fifteen grains, but has been used as an alterative 
in syphilis. 

Mixture of Bichloride of Platinum. 

R. Bichloride of platinum four grains 
Sugar two drachms 

Distilled water three fl. ounces 

Dissolve. Dose, four fl. drachms, three 

times a-day. Hoefer. 

Pills of Bichloride of Platinum. 
R. Bichloride of plati- 
num seven and a-half grains 
Guaiacum one drachm 
Powdered liquorice root sufficient 
Mix, and form twenty pills. One pill 
three times a-day. Hoefer. 

Ointment of Bichloride of Platinum. 

R. Bichloride of platinum one drachm 
Extract of belladonna two drachms 
Lard four ounces 

Rub well together. As an application to 

indolent ulcers. Hoefer. 



SODII CHLOROPLATINAS. 

Chloroplatinate of Sodium. 
Mix a solution of six parts of chloride 
of sodium with a solution of seventeen 
parts of bichloride of platina; evaporate, 
and crystallize. The crystals are of a deep 
yellow color, soluble in water and alcohol. 
They are analogous in their medical pro- 
perties to the analogous salt of gold. Dose, 
one to three grains. 



Injection of Chloroplatinate of 
Sodium. 
R. Chloroplatinate of 

sodium half a drachm 

Decoction of poppies eight fl. ounces 

Dissolve. Hoefer. 

PLUMBUM. 

Lead. 

A softish, blue gray, malleable metal, with a 
perceptible taste, and a peculiar smell when 
rubbed. It is not officinal in its metallic state, 
but its preparations are much employed, as seda- 
tives and astringents. 



PLUMBI ACETAS. 

Acetate of Lead. 

Powder of Acetate of Lead. 
R. Acetate of lead 

Powdered opium, each, six grains 

Sugar twenty-four grains 

Mix. Three grains, morning and evening, 

to check night sweats and diarrhoea, in 

phthisis. Foy. 

R. Calomel one to two grains 

Acetate of lead half to one grain 

Mix, and divide into four powders. One, 

every three hours, in cholera infantum of 

infants. Ellis. 

R. Acetate of lead two to three grains 

Opium quarter of a grain 

Acetate of soda three grains 

Sugar of milk five grains 

Mix. To be taken every hour, in hemor- 

Phcebus. 



Pills of Acetate of Lead. 

R. Acetate of lead 

Powdered mallows, each, one drachm 
Simple syrup sufficient 

Mix, and make thirty-six pills. Four to 

five a-day, to check sweats in phthisis. 

Radius. 

R. Acetate of lead half a drachm 

Calomel five grains 

Conserve of roses sufficient 



314 

Mix, and make ten pills; one, every two 

to four hours, in hematemesis. Ellis. 

R. Acetate of lead thirty grains 

Powdered colchicum twenty grains 

opium three grains 

Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient 

Mix thoroughly, and form into ten pills. 

One to be taken every six hours. Used 

in active hemorrhages, washed down with 

a draught of one drachm of distilled vinegar 

to one fl. ounce of water. Also, given in 

phthisis, after bleeding, one twice a-day. 

A. T. Thomson. 

one scruple 



PLUMBI ACETAS. 



one grain 
sufficient 



R. Acetate of lead 

Opium 

Conserve of roses 
Mix, and make twelve pills. One every 
hour at first, then every two hours, in 
cholera. Graves. 

R. Acetate of lead twelve grains 

Opium six grains 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and make six pills. One to be 
repeated according to circumstances, in 
hemoptysis, &c. Ellis. 

R. Acetate of lead six grains 

Powdered mallows 

Extract of seneka, each, one drachm 
Mix, and make sixty pills. Two to five, 
several times a-day, in hemoptysis. Kopp. 

Rubefacient Paste. 

R. Acetate of lead one ounce 

Acid sulphate of potassa three ounces 
Water sufficient 

Rub into a paste. It acts powerfully on 

the skin. Clarus. 

Collyrium op Acetate op Lead. 

R. Solution of acetate of 

lead twelve drops 

Wine of opium forty drops 

Rose water four fl. ounces 

Mix. Ellis. 

R. Acetate of lead one scruple 

Lime water twelve fl. ounces 

Catechu three drachms 

Honey of roses two ounces 

Dissolve, and filter. This is much more 

astringent than the last. Augustin. 

Solution op Subacetate op Lead. 
R. Acetate of lead sixteen ounces 

Litharge nine ounces and a-half 

Distilled water four pints 

Boil together, for half an hour, adding 
distilled water, so as to preserve the mea- 
sure, filter, and keep in close-stopped bot- 
tles. U. S. Ph. 



The diluted solution is made by mixing two fl. 
drachms of the above solution to a pint of dis- 
tilled water. 

Acetate of Lead Cerate. 

Acetate of lead four parts 

Soap one part and a-half 

Mix thoroughly in a heated mortar, and 
add 

White wax three parts 

Previously melted with 

Olive oil three parts 

Mix well. Van lions. 

Plaster op Acetate of Lead. 
R. Acetate of lead one drachm 

Flowers of sulphur half an ounce 
Resin two ounces 

Melt together. As an application to vene- 
real buboes. Bories. 

Pile Ointment. 

R. Acetate of lead fifteen grains 

Burnt cork half an ounce 

Fresh butter two ounces 

Triturate well together. Bories. 

Acetate of Lead Ointment. 
R . Acetate of lead 

Extract of belladonna, each, one part 

Lard six parts 

Mix. As an application to fissures of the 

anus. Foy. 

Subacetate of Lead Cataplasm. 
R. Common cataplasm four ounces 

Solution of subacetate 

of lead one fl. ounce 

Muriate of ammonia half a drachm 
Mix. As an application to indolent tu- 
mors. Radius. 

Subacetate of Lead Collyrium. 

R. Solution of subacetate of lead five drops 

Elder water half a fl. ounce 

Laudanum ten drops 

Mix. Rust. 

Subacetate of Lead Gargle. 
R. Solution of subacetate 

of lead half a fl. drachm 

Barley water one pint 

Simple syrup one ounce 

Mix. Radius. 

Subacetate op Lead Injection. 

R. Solution of subacetate 

of lead two fl. drachms 

Distilled vinegar eight fl. ounces 

Rose water twenty-four fl. ounces 

Mix. In leucorrhoea. Young. 

Liniment for Milk Abscess. 
R. Olive oil two ounces 



PLUMBI ACETAS. 



315 



Lead water one drachm 

Sulphuric ether two drachms 

Laudanum one drachm 

Mix. A rag moistened with this liniment 

to be frequently applied to the inflamed 

part. Deicees. 

R. Acetate of lead one drachm 

Distilled vinegar two ounces 

Dissolve, and add 

Alcohol one ounce 

Distilled water five ounces 

Mis. To be applied as above. Clarke. 

Acetate of Lead Lotion. 
R. Diluted solution of sub- 
acetate of lead one fl. ounce 
Spirit of camphor three fl. ounces 
Water one pint 
Mix. As an application to old ulcers. 

Ellis. 

Acetate oe Lead Cataplasm. 



R. Crumb of bread 

Milk 
Boil together, and add 

Solution of subacetate 
of lead 



one pound 
four pounds 



Spielmann. 

Vegeto Mineral Water oe Goulard. 

R . Solution of subacetate of lead one part 
Alcohol (.921.) four parts 

Distilled water forty-eight parts 

Mix. Taddei. 

Used in fomentations, lotions, and cataplasms, 
and may always be replaced by the diluted so- 
lution of the subacetate. 

Acetate of Lead Gargle. 

R. Acetate of lead sixty grains 

Extract of opium six grains 

Rose water eight fl. ounces 

Syrup of mulberries one ounce 

Mix. Pierquin. 

Acetate op Lead Mixture. 
R . Acetate of lead half an ounce 

Sulphate of iron three drachms 

Vinegar 

Alcohol, each, two fl. ounces 

Rose water six fl. drachms 

Dissolve the acetate in the vinegar with a 
gentle heat; add the sulphate, and then 
the alcohol, mixed with the rose water. 
Highly praised in the sweats and colliqua- 
tive diarrhoea of phthisis; in gonorrhoea 
and nocturnal emissions. Gormann. 

Goulard's Balsam. 
R. Oil of turpentine at will 



Heat, and gradually add 

Acetate of lead sufficient 

Constantly stirring, till no more will dis- 
solve; let rest, and decant while hot. 
Used as an application to eroding and 
painful ulcers. Van Mons. 

Subacetate oe Lead Cerate. 
R. Solution of subacetate 

of lead two fl. ounces and a-half 

White wax four ounces 

Olive oil nine fl. ounces 

Camphor half a drachm 

Melt the wax, and mix with eight fl. 

ounces of the oil ; remove from fire, and 

when it begins to thicken, gradually add 

solution of subacetate of lead ; stir till 

cool, then add camphor, dissolved in rest 

of oil, and mix. U. S. Ph. 

Injection oe Subacetate oe Lead 

and Lime Water. 
R. Solution of subacetate 

of lead thirty-four drops 

Lime water four fl. ounces 

Olive oil two fl. drachms 

Mix, and shake whenever used. In in- 
flammation of the prostate and urethra. 

Foy. 
Liniment of Subacetate of Lead. 
R . Solution of subacetate of lead 
Laudanum 

Honey of roses, each, two fl. drachms 

Conserve of roses one ounce 

Mix. Guy's Eos. 

Subacetate of Lead Ointment. 
R . Cerate of subacetate of lead 

Poplar ointment, each, one ounce 

Powdered camphor two drachms 

Mix. In inflamed acne and other cutane- 
ous affections. St. Marie. 
R. Solution of subacetate of lead 

White wax, each, one drachm 

Olive oil one ounce 

Mix. As an application in ophthalmia. 
Armstrong. 

Subacetate of Lead Plaster. 
R. Olive oil fourteen fl. ounces 

Yellow wax twenty-four ounces 

Melt together, and add 
Solution of subacetate 

of lead one fl. ounce 

Camphor, rubbed in a 

little oil half a drachm 

Mix well, and spread on linen or skin. 
It has been much praised in rheumatic 
pains, and indolent ulcers. Van Mons. 



316 



PLUMBI CARBONAS-PLUMBI IODIDUM. 



PLUMBI CARBONAS. 

Carbonate of Lead. 



camphorated powder of carbonate 

of Lead. 
R. Carbonate of lead ten drachms 

Starch two drachms 

Sarcocolla 

Gum Arabic 

tragacanth, each, one drachm 

Camphor half a drachm 

Triturate together. As an application to 
ulcers. Giannmi. 

Ointment of Carbonate of Lead. 

R. Carbonate of lead two ounces 

Simple ointment one pound 

Powder the carbonate very fine, add it to 

the ointment previously melted, and mix. 

U. S. Ph. 

As an application to excoriated or ulcerated 
surfaces. 



R . Carbonate of lead 


six ounces 


Camphor 


one ounce 


Olibanum 


two ounces 


Rose oil 


three ounces 


White of eggs 


seven 


Triturate together. Same doses a3 above. 




Harrer. 


R. Carbonate of lead 


one ounce 


Litharge 


two drachms 



Bole armenian one ounce 

Honey of roses half an ounce 

Lard sufficient 

Triturate together. As a dressing to pha 

gedenic and cancerous ulcers. Swediaur. 

R. Carbonate of lead one ounce 

Opium one drachm 

Lard half an ounce 

Anodyne balsam sufficient 

Mix. As an application in facial neural- 
gia. Fouquier. 

Camphorated Carbonate of Lead 

Ointment. 

R. Carbonate of lead one ounce 

Simple ointment five ounces 

Camphor two scruples 

Mix. BeasJey. 

Plaster of Carbonate of Lead. 

R. Carbonate of lead one pound 

Olive oil two pounds 

White wax three ounces 

Water two pounds 

Melt the wax and oil together, add the 

carbonate of lead, and stir till mixed, then 

add the water and boil; malaxate, and 

melt again without the wax. Par. Cod. 



R. Carbonate of lead one pound 

Olive oil two pints 

Yellow wax four ounces 

Lead plaster one pound and a-half 
Powdered orris root nine ounces 

Boil together the oil and carbonate of lead, 
adding a little water, and constantly stir- 
ring, till they are perfectly incorporated, 
then add the wax and plaster; when these 
are melted, mix in the orris, and stir well. 
U. S. Ph., 1830. 

As a substitute for Mahy's plaster, and a good 
application to inflamed and excoriated surfaces, 
as bed sores, &c. 



PLUMBI CHLORIDUM. 

Chloride of Lead. 
R. Acetate of lead nineteen ounces 

Chloride of sodium six ounces 

Dissolve the two salts separately, the for- 
mer in three pints of boiling, distilled 
water, the latter in one pint of distilled 
water; mix the solutions, and wash the 
precipitate with distilled water. 

Lond. Ph. 

Ointment of Chloride of Lead. 
R . Chloride of lead one drachm 

Simple cerate one ounce 

Mix. As an application in cancerous ul- 
cerations. Tuson. 

Lotion of Chloride of Lead. 
R. Chloride of lead one drachm 

Water one pint 

Dissolve; as a wash to cancerous ulcera- 
tions, and in painful neuralgic tumors. 

Tuson. 



PLUMBI IODIDUM. 
Iodide of Lead. 
R. Solution of iodide of potassium 
acetate of lead, each, 

sufficient 
Add one solution gradually to the other, 
till there is no longer a precipitate, wash 
this in cold water, and dry it. Goitereau. 
R. Iodide of potassium 

Nitrate of lead, each, half an ounce 
Water a pint and a-half 

Dissolve the salts separately, each in one- 
half of the water; mix the solutions, col- 
lect the precipitate on a filter of linen or 
muslin, and wash it with water. Boil the 
powder in three gallons of water, acidulated 
with three ounces of pyroligneous acid. 
Let any undissolved matter subside, main- 
taining the temperature near the boiling 



PLUMBI OXIDUM SEMIVITREUM. 



31T 



point, and pour off the clear liquor, from 
which the iodide of lead will crystallize on 
cooling. Ed. Ph. 

This is a preferable formula to that made with 
the acetate of lead, as above, or that of the 
Lond. Ph. 

Pills of Iodide of Lead. 
R. Iodide of lead four grains 

Conserve of roses one scruple 

Mix, and form twelve pills. One, night 
and morning, gradually increased, in scro- 
fulous affections. Foy. 
R. Iodide of lead half a drachm 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and form one hundred and twenty 
pills. Administered as above. Gassicourt. 

Powder of Iodide of Lead. 
R. Iodide of lead 

Powdered foxglove, each, six grains 
Alcoholic extract of 

stramonium two grains 

Sugar one drachm 

Mix, and divide into twenty-four powders. 

One, four times a-day. Gassicourt. 

Ointment of Iodide of Lead. 

R . Iodide of lead one ounce 

Lard eight ounces 

Mix. As an application to indolent and 

scrofulous swellings. Lond. Ph. 



PLUMBI OXIDUM SEMIVI- 
TREUM. 

Litharge. 

Lead Plaster. 

R. Litharge, in fine powder, five pounds 

Olive oil one gallon 

Water two pints 

Boil together over a gentle fire, stirring 

constantly, till a plaster is formed. 

U. S. Ph. 
Lead Cerate. 
R. Lead plaster six parts 

White wax half a part 

Melt, mix, and add 

Olive oil two parts and a-half 

Van Mons. 
Lead Ointment. 
R. Olive oil eight parts 

Lard 
Butter 
Mutton fat 
Yellow wax 

Litharge, each, two parts 

Heat the oil, fat, and wax together, till 
they emit fumes ; gradually add the li- 



tharge ; constantly stirring, till the mix- 
ture assumes a dark brown color, and add 
Pitch one part 

Strain. Foy. 

This preparation is much used in France, un- 
der the name of Ongnent de la Mere, as a matu- 
rant to buboes, abscesses, &c. 

Compound Lead Ointment. 
R . Lead plaster three pounds 

Olive oil one pint 

Melt together, and add a mixture of 

Prepared chalk eight ounces 

Distilled vinegar six fl. ounces 

whilst warm, to the warm plaster and oil, 
and stir till cold. Lond. Ph. 

R. Fresh root of figwort three ounces 
Leaves of henbane three handfuls 

Presh butter one pound and a-half 
Litharge two ounces 

Yolk of eggs two 

Boil the root and leaves in the butter, till 
all moisture is driven off; express, and 
strain; add the litharge; stir till cold, 
and add the yolk of eggs, and incorporate 
well. Saxon Ph. 

Celebrated as an application to painful he- 
morrhoids. 

Diapalma Plaster. 
R. Lead plaster nine pounds 

White wax nine ounces 

Melt by a gentle heat, and add 

Sulphate of zinc four ounces 

Dissolve in a little water; continue the 
heat, constantly stirring till all moisture 
is evaporated. Guibourt. 

Gaulthier's Plaster. 
R. Diapalma plaster twelve parts 

Olive oil 

White wax, each, one part 

Turpentine two parts 

Melt the first tbree articles together, with 
a gentle heat ; add the turpentine. 

Guibourt. 

Baynton's Adhesive Plaster. 

R. Lead plaster one pound 

Resin six drachms 

Melt together. Beasley. 

Lead Cataplasm. 

R. Flaxseed meal 

Arrowroot, each, two ounces 

Water eleven fl. ounces 

Lead ointment one ounce 

Mix, and heat to a proper consistence. 

As a maturating application. Beral. 

Banyer's Ointment. 
R . Litharge two ounces 



318 



PLUMBI OXIDUM RUBRUM— PODOPHYLLUM. 



Burned alum 

Calomel, each, one ounce and a-half 
Lard two pounds 

Venice turpentine half a pound 

Mix. As an application in porrigo. 

Cazenave & Schledel. 



PLUMBI OXIDUM RUBBUM. 

Bed Lead. 

Nuremberg Plaster. 

R. Bed lead eight ounces 

Olive oil one pound 

Mix, and heat till it assumes a brown 

color, and add 

Besin half an ounce 

Yellow wax one ounce and a-half 

Camphor two drachms 

Mix, and stir well till incorporated. 

Hessian Ph. 



PLUMBI SACCHABAS. 

Saccharate of Lead. 
R. Mix one part of sugar with two parts 
of nitric acid, diluted with ten of water, 
and apply heat as long as any reaction 
takes place; neutralize with chalk, filter, 
and add to the filtered solution acetate of 
lead as long as any precipitate is found ; 
wash this, and dry it. Beasley. 

Nitro-Saccharate of Lead. 
R . Saccharate of lead at will 

Dissolve it in nitric acid, diluted with nine- 
teen parts of water, filter, evaporate, and 
set aside to crystallize. Hoskins. 

Solution of Nitro-Saccharate of 

Lead. 

R. Nitro-saccharate of lead five grains 

Saccharic acid twenty-five drops 

Water five ounces 

Dissolve. Proposed as a solvent for phos- 

phatic calculi. Hoskins. 



PLUMBI TANNAS. 
Tannate of Lead. 
R. Strong infusion of galls at will 

Solution of acetate of lead sufficient 
Add the solution of the acetate, drop by 
drop, till it no longer causes a precipitate ; 
wash this, and dry it. 

Liniment of Tannate of Lead. 
R. Decoction of oak bark eight fl. ounces 
Solution of acetate of lead sufficient 



Add the solution of lead to the decoction 
by degrees, till it causes no precipitate; 
wash the precipitate, and add 

Alcohol, two drachms 

Recommended in bed sores. Sundelin. 

Ointment of Tannate of Lead. 
R . Recent tannate of lead twelve parts 

Lard thirty parts 

Mix. As an application to bed sores. 

Tott. 
R. Decoction of oak bark six ounces 

Solution of acetate 

of lead one ounce and a-half 

Mix. Collect the precipitate, and mix whilst 
moist, 

Lard one ounce 

Camphor ten grains 

As an application to excoriation. Sundelin. 



PODOPHYLLUM. 
May Apple. 

This is the root or rhizome of the Podophyl- 
lum peltatvm, a native, herbaceous plant, grow- 
ing in clamp situations, having two large peltate, 
palmate leaves. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ber- 
beridacece. 

The dried root is about as thick as a quill, of 
a blackish brown color externally, and somewhat 
corrugated; within, it is of a dirty white ; it has 
a faint but unpleasant odor, and a bitterish, some- 
what sweetish taste. It is a purgative of the 
same character as jalap, and may be given in 
the same combinations. Dose, ten grains to a 
scruple. 

. Extract of May Apple. 
R . May apple root, in coarse 

powder one pound 

Alcohol four pints 

Water sufficient 

Macerate the May apple root for four days 
in the alcohol, and then obtain tincture by 
displacement with the water, then by 
same means obtain six pints of infusion; 
distil oft' the alcohol from tincture, and 
evaporate the infusion, till each are of the 
consistence of thin honey. Mix, and eva- 
porate to a clue consistence. Dose, five to 
fifteen grains. U. S. Ph. 

PODOPHYLLIN. 

R . May apple root 

Alcohol a sufficient quantity 

Animal charcoal, in coarse 

powder, six ounces 

Reduce the may apple root to powder, 
moisten it with half its weight of alcohol, 
introduce into a displacer, and pour on al- 



POLYGONUM BISTORTA— POTASSII CHLORLDUM. 



819 



cohol until four pints of tincture are ob- 
tained. Distil off the alcohol, treat the 
residual extract with ether to remove fixed 
oil, boil the residue with water, and dis- 
solve what remains in alcohol, 42° B ; treat 
it with purified animal charcoal, and allow 
the decolorized solution to evaporate spon- 
taneously. The dry, amorphous mass is 
podophyllin, and, in cathartic power, six 
grains are equal to eight of jalap resin. 

J. R. Lewis. 



POLYGONUM. 

POLYGONUM BISTORTA. 
Bistort. 

A sub-aquatic plant, with a perennial root and 
annual, herbaceous stem, growing in moist pla- 
ces in Europe and the northern parts of Asia and 
America. 

Sex. Syst. Octand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Polygo- 
naceas. 

Linn. Sp. PL 516. Steph. and Church. 1 t. 47. 

The root is twisted or bent, of a deep brown 
color externally, reddish within, inodorous, but 
of a rough, astringent taste. It is a powerful 
astringent, but is seldom used in this country. 
Dose, from twenty to thirty grains. 

Extract of Bistort. 
R. Powdered bistort one pound 

Treat it by the process of displacement, 
and evaporate the filtered fluid. 

Pharm. Eosp. Mil. 

Mixture op Bistort. 
R. Powdered bistort two drachms 

Syrup of quince one ounce 

Rub together, and add 

Tincture of catechu two fl. drachms 

Water four fl. ounces 

A spoonful every hour, shaking the bottle 

each time, in passive hemorrhages, atonic 

mucous discharges. Foy. 



POTASSIUM. 
Potassium 

Is a soft, silver-white metal, readily oxidizable 
by the action of the air; when thrown on water 
it takes fire and burns with a rose-colored flame, 
combining with oxygen, and forming potassa, 
which is dissolved in the water. It must be 
kept in liquids, into whose composition no oxy- 
gen enters, as naphtha, &c. It is not used in 
medicine, but its numerous compounds are 
highly important. 

R. Fused carbonate of potassa one pound 
Iron filings three quarters of a pound 
Powdered charcoal one pound 



Mix, and introduce into a gun barrel or 
iron bottle, placed in a furnace so made 
that the flame of a very strong fire may 
surround it, and maintain every part at a 
uniform heat approaching to whiteness; 
the gun barrel or bottle is to be connected 
by an iron tube with a copper receiver 
partly filled with naphtha and surrounded 
by ice ; the heat is to be gradually raised 
until the requisite temperature is reached, 
when the potassium will distil over. 

Curaudau. 



POTASSI BROMIDUM. 

Bromide oe Potassium. 
R. Bromine two ounces 

Iron filings one ounce 

Distilled water three pints 

To a pint and a half of the water, first add 
the iron and then the bromine. Set them 
aside for half an hour, occasionally stirring, 
Apply a gentle heat, and when the liquid 
becomes greenish, add seventeen drachms 
of carbonate of potassa dissolved in the 
rest of the water. Strain, and wash what 
remains in two pints of boiling distilled 
water, and again strain. Evaporate the 
mixed liquors to crystallization. Lond. Ph. 
Alterative and resolvent; used both exter- 
nally and internally in bronchocele and scrofula, 
in doses of two to ten grains, three times a-day. 

Solution op Bromide of Potassium. 

R. Bromide of potassium twelve grains 

Lettuce water three ounces 

Syrup of marsh mallows one ounce 

Mix. To be given in spoonful doses, in 

the twenty-four hours, in scrofula. Foy. 

Ointment oe Bromide op Potassium. 
R. Bromide of potassium thirty -four grains 
Lard one ounce 

Mix. In frictions on scrofulous swellings, 
and to tinea and tetter. Magendie. 

Compound Ointment op Bromide of 

Potassium. 
R. Bromide of potas- 
sium twenty-four grains 
Liquid bromine six to twelve drops 
Lard an ounce 
Mix. Magendie. 



POTASSII CHLORIDUM. 

Chloride of Potassium. 

R . Carbonate of potassa at will 

Dissolve in a sufficient quantity of water, 

filter, and add muriatic acid to saturation, 



320 



POTASSII CYANURETUM. 



concentrate the solution by evaporation, 
and cool slowly, that crystals may form. 

Guibourt. 
Formerly known as the Salt of Sylvius, and 
used in fever to excite perspiration, and as a 
diuretic, in closes of from one to two scruples. 

Solution op Chlorinated Potassa. 
R. Carbonate of potassa one part 

Water ten parts 

Dissolve, and pass a current of chlorine 
through the solution, till it is saturated, 
and preserve in well-stopped bottles. This 
is known as Eau de Javelle, and is princi- 
pally used for bleaching, but may be em- 
ployed as a disinfectant, like Labarraque's 
liquid. Guibourt. 



POTASSII CYANURETUM. 

Cyanuret op Potassium. 
R . Ferrocyanuret of potas- 
sium eight ounces 

Distilled water six fl. ounces 

Heat the ferrocyanuret moderately, until 
it becomes nearly white, and is deprived 
of its water of crystallization. Put the 
residue into an earthen retort, with the 
beak loosely stopped, and expose it to a red 
heat for two hours, or till gas ceases to be 
evolved. Withdraw it from the fire, close 
the orifice, and let remain till cold. Break 
the retort, remove the contents, reduce 
them to a coarse powder, introduce them 
in a bottle of the capacity of twelve fl. 
ounces, and add the distilled water; agi- 
tate occasionally for half an hour, throw it 
on a filter, evaporate the filtered solution 
rapidly to dryness, and keep in a closely 
stopped bottle. U. S. Ph. 

R. Ferrocyanuret of potas- 
sium, dried, eight ounces 

Pure carbonate of potassa three ounces 

Charcoal, in fine powder, one ounce 
Mix well, fuse in an iron vessel until effer- 
vescence ceases, and the fusion is tranquil, 
pour out the fused mass on an iron plate, 
and cool. Powder when cool, dissolve in 
alcohol (9.00), and separate and dry the 
crystals which form on cooling, and pre- 
serve them in well-closed bottles. Wohler. 
R. Ferocyanuret of potas- 
sium, dried, eight parts 

Dried carbonate of potassa three parts 
Fuse together, when the mass is fluid, stir 
with a glass rod, until it becomes quite 
colorless, allow to settle, and pour out on 
a marble slab. Liebig. 

This contains one-eighth of cyanate of potassa. 



Pills op Cyanuret op Potassium. 
R. Cyanuret of potassium 
Starch mixed with syrup of 

gum, each, half a grain 

Mix, and make a pill. Dose, one morn- 
ing and evening. In spasmodic affections 
of the chest. Foy. 

Solution op Cyanuret op Potassium. 
R. Cyanuret of potassium one drachm 

Distilled water one ounce 

Dissolve. Magendie. 

R. Cyanuret of potas- 
sium twenty-two grains 

Diluted alcohol nine fl drachms 

Dissolve. Equal to hydrocyanic acid con- 
taining one grain to a fl. drachm. Laming. 

Mixture op Cyanuret op Potassium. 
R . Solution of cyanuret of 

potassium one fl. drachm 

Distilled water one pint 

Sugar one ounce and a-half 

Mix. A tablespoonful, night and morn- 
ing, in pectoral affections. Magendie. 
R. Cyanuret of potassium four grains 
Distilled water two ounces 
Syrup of sugar three drachms 
Mix. A teaspoonful, every three or four 
I hours, in asthma and chronic catarrh. 

Cadet. 
R . Tincture of castor 
Musk 

Nitrate of potassa, each, four grains 

Cyanuret of potassium two grains 

Linden-flower water eight fl. ounces 

Mix. To be taken in divided doses, in 

twenty-four hours, in chorea. Fouquier. 

R. Lettuce water two ounces 

Cyanuret of potassium half a grain to 

a grain and a-half 

Syrup of marsh mallows one ounce 

Mix. A tablespoonful, every two hours. 

Magendie. 

Syrup of Cyanuret op Potassium. 
R. Solution of cyanuret of 

potassium one drachm 

Simple syrup one pound 

Mix. Magendie. 

Lotion op Cyanuret of Potassium. 
R. Cyanuret of potas- 
sium one to four grains 
Distilled water one ounce 
Mix. Foy. 
R. Cyanuret of potassium eight grains 
Distilled water one ounce 
Mix. To be applied by means of com- 



POTASSII IODIDUM. 



321 



presses, in cases of neuralgia, articular 
rheumatism, &c. Foy. 

R. Cyanuret of potassium ten grains 

Emulsion of bitter almonds six ounces 
Mix. As an application to chronic erup- 
tions, attended with much itching. 

Cazenave. 
Ointment of Cyanuret of Potassium. 
R. Cyanuret of potas- 
sium one to four grains 

Lard one ounce 

Mix. Lombard. 

R. Cyanuret of potassium twelve grains 

Oil of almonds two drachms 

Cold cream two ounces 

Mix. To be rubbed on the skin to relieve 
neuralgic pains. Cazenave. 



POTASSII IODIDUM. 

Iodide of Potassium. 
R. Iodine six ounces 

Iron filings three ounces 

Carbonate of potassa sufficient 

Distilled water four pints 

Mix the iodine with three pints of the 
water, and add the iron filings, stirring 
frequently for half an hour. Apply a 
gentle heat, and when the mixture assumes 
a greenish color, add gradually the car- 
bonate of potassa, dissolved in half a pint 
of the water, until it ceases to produce a 
precipitate. Continue the heat for half an 
hour, and filter. Wash the residuum with 
half a pint of the distilled water, boiling 
hot and filter. Mix the filtered liquors, 
and evaporate, so that crystals may form. 
Pour off the liquid, and dry the crystals 
on bibulous paper. U. S. Ph. 

R. Iodine sixteen ounces 

Distilled water eight pints 

Sulphuret of barium sufficient 

Sulphate of potassa twelve ounces 
Mix the iodine with the water, and gradu- 
ally add the powdered sulphuret, until the 
solution becomes colorless, constantly stir- 
ring. Heat to the boiling point, add the 
sulphate of potassa, boil for a quarter of 
an hour, and filter. Evaporate to crystal- 
lization. Mohr. 
R. Caustic potash 
Iodine 

I lharcoal, in powder, one ounce 

Water sufficient 

Dissolve the potash in a pint of water, add 

the iodine in powder gradually, as long as 

the solution becomes colorless by stirring, 



four ounces 
sufficient 



then add the charcoal, and evaporate to 
dryness in an iron pot. Cover this and heat 
to dull redness for half an hour, remove 
the mass from the pot, treat it with the 
smallest quantity of water necessary to 
dissolve the salt, filter, evaporate, and crys- 
tallize. The mother liquid yields more 
crystals by evaporation. 

Turner — modified. 
R. Iodine one hundred grains 

Carbonate of potassa seventy-five grains 
Water two drachms 

Iron filings thirty grains 

Mix, and heat slightly, then to redness; 
the resulting red powder is to be treated 
with water; filtered, and evaporated to dry- 
ness. Pypues. 
Dose, two to fifteen grains, but has been given 
in still larger quantities. 

Pills of Iodide of Potassium. 
R. Iodide of potassium five drachms 

Distilled water six drachms 

Crumb of bread sufficient 

Mix, and make three hundred pills. In 
goitre, leucorrhoea, &c. Pierquin. 

R. Iodide of potassium fifteen grains 

Burnt sponge 

Extract of bittersweet, each, 

five drachms 

Distilled water sufficient 

Mix, and make one hundred and eighty 
pills. Six, twice a-day, in scrofula and 
goitre. Voght. 

Lozenges of Iodide of Potassium. 

R. Iodide of potassium one drachm 

Sugar three ounces 

Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient 

Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains. 

One to six, or more, a-day. Giordano. 

R. Iodide of potassium seventy-five grains 
Powdered coffee half a drachm 

sugar four ounces 

Mucilage of gum, made with 

a strong infusion of coffee sufficient 
Mix, and make three hundred lozenges. 
Each contains a quarter of a grain of 
iodide. In goitre, scrofula, &c. Pierquin. 

Solution of Iodide of Potassium. 
R. Iodide of potassium thirty-six grains 

Distilled water one ounce 

Dissolve. Dose, ten minims. Magendie. 
R . Iodide of potassium one drachm 

Distilled water one ounce 

Dissolve. Fifteen drops, gradually in- 
creased; three times a-day, in ovarian 
dropsy. Elliotson. 



322 



POTASSII IODIDUM. 



R. Iodide of potassium four ounces 

Distilled water eight fl. ounces 

Dissolve. Ten minims contain five grains 

of iodide. Guy's Eosp. 

Injection of Iodide of Potassium. 

R . Iodide of potassium one to three grains 

Distilled water one pint 

Dissolve. To stimulate fistulous sinuses 

in scrofulous patients. Foy. 

Mixture of Iodide of Potassium. 

R. Iodide of potassium one drachm 

Lettuce water eight ounces 

Mint water two drachms 

Syrup of marsh mallow one ounce 

Mix. Foy. 

R. Iodide of potassium four drachms 
Lettuce water eight ounces 

Orange-flower water two drachms 

Syrup of marsh mallow one ounce 

Mix. Foy. 

R. Iodide of potassium four drachms 
Lettuce water eight ounces 

Orange-flower water one drachm 

Tincture of fox- 
glove one to two drachms 
Syrup of marsh mal- 
low one ounce and a-half 

Mix. Magendie. 

In hypertrophy of the heart. A teaspoonful, 

morning and evening. 

R. Iodide of potassium two drachms 

Distilled water sixteen ounces 

Syrup two ounces 

Mix. Two or three spoonfuls a-day. 

Cazenave. 

R. Quassia 

G-entian, each, one drachm 

Boiling water sixteen fl. ounces 

Macerate for an hour, strain, and add 
Iodide of potassium thirty-six grains 
Carbonate of potassa two drachms 

Mix. A tablespoonful, three times a-day. 
Gumming. 

R. Solution of iodide of 

potassium fifteen drops 

Medicinal hydrocya- 
nic acid ten to twelve drops 
Lettuce water four ounces 
Syrup of marsh mallow one ounce 

Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, in phthisis. 
Magendie. 

R. Iodide of potassium two grains 

Sulphate of magnesia half an ounce 
Tartar emetic half a grain 

Distilled water six ounces 

Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times 

a-day, in scrofula. Radius. 



Syrup of Iodide of 
R. Iodide of potassium 

Simple syrup 
Dissolve. 
R. Iodide of potassium 

Peppermint water 

Simple syrup 
Mix. 
R. Iodide of potassium 

Simple syrup 
Mix. 



Potassium. 

one drachm 

one pound 

Cadet. 

twenty grains 

two drachms 

ten ounces 

Giordano. 

two drachms 

six ounces 

Cazenave. 



Iodide of Potassium and Sarsapa- 
rilla. 

R. Iodide of potassium one drachm 

Decoction of sarsaparilla two pints 
Syrup of orange peel two ounces 

Mix. To be taken in glassfuls, during the 

day. Magendie. 

Ointment of Iodide of Potassium. 
R. Iodide of potassium half a drachm 
Lard one ounce and a-half 

Mix. Magendie. 

The strength of this ointment may vary much, 
from containing a twenty-fourth of the salt, to an 
eighth or more, according as it maybe required. 
In goitre, scrofulous swellings, &c. 

R. Iodide of potassium half a drachm 

Solution of potassa two drops 
Lard one ounce and a-half 

Wax three drachms 

Mix. Coindet. 

R. Spermaceti half an ounce 

Olive oil six drachms 

White wax two drachms 

Iodide of potassium four scruples 
Oil of lemons 

roses, each, three drops 

Mix. This ointment does not change 

color by keeping. KaWwfert. 

R. Iodide of potassium one drachm 

Magnesia six grains 

Rub together with a few drops of water, 
and add 

Rose water ointment one ounce 

Mix well Hamb. Ph. 

R. Iodide of potassium 

Carbonate of soda, each, 

half a drachm 

Rose water ointment six drachms 

Mix well. In chronic enlargement of the 
testicle. Walthen. 

Ointment of Iodide of Potassium 
and Opium. 
R. Iodide of potas- 
sium one drachm and a-half 
Lard one ounce and a-half 



POTASSII BINIODIDUM. 



323 



Laudanum 
Mix. 

R. Iodide of potassium 
Extract of opium 
Simple cerate 



one 
A. T. 



1. drachm 
Thomson. 
half a drachm 
ten grains 
one ounce 



Mix. As a dressing to cancerous ulcers. 

Ointment of Iodide of Potassium 
and Mercury. 
R. Iodide of potas- 
sium twelve to twenty grains 
Mercurial ointment half an ounce 
Mix. In various diseases of the skin. 

Blarius. 

R . Ointment of iodide of potassium 

Mercurial ointment 

Oil of henbane, each, two ounces 

juniper one drachm 

Mix. Schonlein. 

When iodide of potassium and mercurial oint- 
ment are mixed, the globules soon appear, but 
if the iodide be artificially dried, previously, a 
uniform ointment is produced. 



R. Iodide of potassium three parts 

Iodide of mercury two parts 

Camphor two parts 

Galen's cerate thirty-two parts 

Mix. Used as friction in acute hydroce- 
phalus, in doses of a half a drachm to a 
drachm. Golfin. 

Ointment of Iodide of Potassium 

and Morphia. 

R. Iodide of potassium fifteen grains 

Muriate of morphia half a drachm 

Lard ten ounces 

Mix. In painful tumors of the breasts, to 

be applied twice a-day. Chornel. 

Liniment of Iodide of Potassium. 
R. Iodide of potassium one ounce 

Alcohol four ounces 

Dissolve. 
R. Animal soap one ounce and a-half 

Alcohol four fl. ounces 

Dissolve. Add the two solutions together, 
aromatize with a few drops of oil of laven- 
der, and pour into wide-mouthed bottles. 
Boudet. 



R. White soap 
Diluted alcohol 

Dissolve by a gentle 

warm, add 

Iodide of potassium 

dissolved in 

Diluted alcohol 

R. Iodide of potassium 

Diluted alcohol 
Dissolve. 



seven drachms 

two fl. ounces 

heat, and whilst 

four drachms 

four fl. drachms 

Beadeij. 

four drachms 

two ounces 



R. Curd soap six drachms 

Diluted alcohol two ounces 

Dissolve by a gentle heat, and add the so- 
lution of iodide of potassium, and aroma- 
tize. Foy. 

These are used as liniments in goitre. 

R. White soap ten drachms 

Oil of almonds ten drachms 

Iodide of potassium one drachm 

Water one drachm 

Dissolve the iodide in the water, and add 

it to the soap and oil, melted together. 

Gxdhourt. 
Soap of Iodide of Potassium. 
R. Camphor one drachm 

Tincture of benzoin three drachms 
Add to the solution, triturating well, 
Iodide of potassium two drachms 

Goulard's extract four drachms 

Add to the mixture 

Oil of almonds thirty-four drachms 
Solution of potassa two ounces 

Essence of lavender half a drachm 
Mix well. As an application to chil- 
blains. Cadet. 



POTASSII BINIODIDUM. 

Biniodide of Potassium. 
R. Iodide of potassium twenty parts 

Iodine six parts 

Mix, and triturate together till the mass 
is homogeneous, and of a dark brown 
color. Giordano. 

To have a perfectly saturated salt, iodine in 
excess is to be added to a solution of the iodide 
until no more is dissolved. In the following 
preparations, there is a mixture of iodide and 
biniodide. 

IODURETTED WATER. 

R. Iodide of potassium six grains 

Iodine one grain 

Water two pints 

Dissolve. To be used instead of common 

water at meals. Magendie. 

IODURETTED WATER, (LUGOL'S.) 

R. Iodide of potas- 
sium one grain and a-half 
Iodine three-quarters of a grain 
Distilled water eight ounces 

Dissolve. 

R. Iodide of potassium two grains 

Iodine one grain 

Distilled water eight ounces 

Dissolve. 

R. Iodide of potas- 
sium two grains and a-half 
Iodine one grain and a quarter 



324 



POTASSII BINIODIDUM. 



B 



Distilled water eight ounces 

Dissolve. The first is for young children, 
to be taken in divided doses, in three 
days; the second for those of more ad- 
vanced age, in two days; the third for 
adults, in one day. Guibourt. 

R. Iodide of potassium six grains 

Iodine three grains 

Water sixteen ounces 

Dissolve. In poisoning by the vegetable 
alkaloids, in wineglassfuls, after the sto- 
mach has been emptied. Bouchardat. 
R . Iodide of potassium ten grains 

Iodine five grains 

Distilled water twenty fl. ounces 

Dissolve. Dose, two to six fl. drachms. 

Lond. Ph. 
Compound Solution op Iodide op 
Potassium. 
Iodide of potas- 
sium one ounce and a-half 
Iodine six drachms 
Distilled water one pint 
ve. Dose, six drops, three times 
a-day, in sweetened water. U. S. Ph. 

IODURETTED BATH. 

R . Iodide of potassium four scruples 

Iodine two scruples 

Water ten ounces 

Dissolve. To be added to a sufficient 

quantity of water. For children. 

R. Iodide of potassium six drachms 

Iodine three drachms 

Water twenty ounces 

Dissolve. To be added to a sufficient 

quantity of water. For adults. Foy. 

COLLYRIUM OP BlNIODIDE OP POTAS- 
SIUM. 

R . Iodide of potassium twenty-four grains 

Iodine one to two grains 

Rose water six ounces 

Dissolve. To be used four times a-day, 

in scrofulous ophthalmia. Magendie. 

IODURETTED INJECTION. 

R . Iodide of potassium four grains 

Iodine two grains 

Distilled water sixteen ounces 

Dissolve. 

R. Iodide of potassium eight grains 

Iodine four grains 

Distilled water sixteen ounces 

Dissolve. To stimulate fistulous sinuses. 
Guibourt. 
Syrup op Biniodide of Potassium. 

R. Biniodide of potassium twenty grains 
Peppermint water two drachms I 



Simple syrup two ounces 

Dissolve the biniodide in the peppermint 
water, and add the solution to the syrup. 
Giordano. 

Compound Lotion op Iodide of Potas- 
sium. 

R . Iodide of potassium two to four grains 
Iodine one to two grains 

Distilled water eight fl. ounces 

Dissolve. As an application in scrofulous 



ophthalmia, fistulas, &c. 



Lnyol. 



R. Iodide of potassium 


two ounces 


Iodine 


one ounce 


Distilled water 


three ounces 


Dissolve. 


Guibourt. 


R. Iodide of potassium 


one ounce 


Iodine 


half an ounce 


Distilled water 


six ounces 


Dissolve. 


Soubeiran. 


These two preparations are used to touch the 


eyelids in scrofulous ophthalmia. 


Caustic Solution op Biniodide of 


Potassium. 




R. Iodide of potassium 




Iodine, each, 


one ounce 


Distilled water 


two ounces 


Mix. 


Guibourt. 


R. Iodide of potassium 




Iodine 




Distilled water, each, 


one ounce 


Mix. 


Cadet. 


These are used to touch the surfaces of scro- 


fulous ulcers. 




Compound Tincture of Iodide of 


Potassium. 




R. Iodide of potassium 


one ounce 


Iodine 


half an ounce 


Alcohol 


one pint 


Dissolve. 


U. S. Ph. 


R. Iodide of potassium 


two ounces 


Iodine 


one ounce 


Alcohol two pints (imp.) 



Dissolve. Lond. Ph. 

Dose, from fifteen to thirty drops. 

Mixture of Biniodide of Potassium. 
R. Iodide of potassium four drachms 

Iodine two grains 

Orange-flower water 

Mint water, each, three ounces 

Mix. A dessertspoonful, three times a-day, 
in epilepsy. Magendie. 

R . Iodide of potassium half a drachm 

Iodine half a grain 

Syrup of poppies half a fl. ounce 

Distilled water half a pint 



POTASSII HYDRARGYRO-IODIDUM. 



325 



Mix. Two tablespoonfuls, three times 

a-day, in syphilis combined with scrofula. 

Tyrrell. 

Ointment op Biniodide op Potassium. 

R. Iodide of potassium one drachm 

Iodine half a drachm 

Alcohol one fl. drachm 

Lard two ounces 

Rub the iodide and iodine with the alcohol, 

and then with the lard, until they are 

thoroughly mixed. U. S. Ph. 

R. Iodide of potassium twenty-four grains 
Iodine twelve grains 

Lard two ounces 

Mix. Lugol. 

R. Iodide of potassium two drachms 

Iodine eighteen grains 

Lard two ounces 

Mix. Lugol. 

R. Iodide of potassium 

two drachms and a-half 
Iodine twenty-one grains 

Lard two ounces 

Mix. Lugol. 

R . Iodide of potassium 

two drachms and a-half 
Iodine twenty-four grains 

Lard two ounces 

Mix. In scrofulous ulcers, &c. Lugol. 

Ointment of Biniodide op Potassium 
and Opium. 

R. Iodide of potassium one drachm 

Iodine fifteen grains 

Laudanum of Rousseau two drachms 
Lard two ounces 

Mix. As an application to scrofulous 

ulcers. Foy. 

Plaster op Biniodide of Potassium. 

R. Iodide of potassium 

Iodine, each, ten grains to one scruple 
Mercurial or soap plaster two ounces 

Mix. As an application to syphilitic and 

gouty swellings. Ebers. 



POTASSII HYDRARGYRO- 
IODIDUM. 

Hydrargyro-Iodide of Potassium. 
R . Iodide of potassium eight grains 

Dissolved in ten or fifteen minims of 
water 

Red iodide of mercury eleven grains 
Mix. This contains twenty-grains of the 
hydrargyro-iodide, and is not decomposed 
by water. Charming. 



R. Bichloride of mercury one equivalent 
Dissolve in a solution of 

Iodide of potassium four equivalents 
Evaporate to dryness, treat with alcohol, 
and evaporate to crystallization. 

Amb. Smith. 
Dose, one-twelfth of a grain, three times a-day ; 
in many cases, a much smaller quantity is re- 
quired to be given. 

Solution of Hydrargyro-Iodide of 

Potassium. 
R. Iodide of potas- 
sium three grains and a-half 
Red iodide of 

mercury four grains and a-half 

Distilled water one fl. ounce 

Dissolve first, the iodide of potassium, and 
then the mercurial salt in the water. The 
compound salt amounts to about eight 
grains. The close is from two to five 
drops, three times a-day, much diluted, in 
dyspepsia, enlargement of the spleen, drop- 
sy, &c. Charming. 
R . Iodide of potassium 
Red iodide of mer- 
cury, each, eight grains 
Distilled water eight ounces 
Mix. Dose, two fl. drachms and upwards, 
in the twenty-four hours. Puche. 
R. Hydrai-gyro-iodide 

of potassium twelve grains 

Water sixteen fl. ounces 

Limonium Lamothe. 

Tincture of Hydrargyro-Iodide of 

Potassium. 
R. Hydrargyro-iodide 

of potassium one grain 

Diluted alcohol one fl. ounce 

Dissolve. Ten drops, three times a-day. 
Charming. 

Pills of Hydrargyro-Iodide of 

Potassium. 
R. Red iodide of mercury 
Iodide of potas- 
sium, each, eight grains 
Sugar of niilk sixty-four grains 
Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient 
Mix, and make thirty-two pills. 
R. Iodide of potassium 
Red iodide of mercury, 

each, six grains 

Opium twelve grains 

Mix, and make twenty-four pills. Mialhe. 

Ointment of Hydrargyro-Iodide of 

Potassium. 
R . Red iodide of mercury seven grains 



326 POTASSII SULPHO-CYANURETUM— POTASSII SULPHURETUM. 



Iodide of potassium two scruples 

Lard one ounce 

Mix. To be applied to tumors, two or 

three times a-day. Hddreth. 

R. Hydrargyro-iodide of 

potassium one scruple 

Lard one ounce 

Mix. Lamothe. 



POTASSII SULPHO-CYANU- 
RETUM. 

SULPHO-CYANURET OF POTASSIUM. 

R. Ferro-cyanuret of 

potassium three parts 

Sulphur one part 

Pack in a crucible, heat to redness, for an 
hour, treat with alcohol, and evaporate to 
crystallization. Van lions. 

R . Prussian blue three parts 

Sulphuret of potassa one part 

Put the mixture into a covered crucible, 
and heat to a dull red for half an hour, 
treat with alcohol, filter the solution, evapo- 
rate, and crystallize. Van Mons. 
R. Digest an aqueous solution of cyanu- 
ret of potassium with sulphur, of which it 
will take up one-third. Filter, and evapo- 
rate. Beaslcy. 

POTASSII SULPHURETUM. 

Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Sulphur one ounce 

Carbonate of potassa two ounces 

Rub the carbonate of potassa, previously 
dried with the sulphur, melt the mixture 
in a covered crucible over the fire; then 
pour it out, and, when cold, put it in a 
bottle, which is to be well stopped. 

U. S. Ph. 

A stimulant, expectorant, and diaphoretic, in 
small doses, poisonous in large; used externally 
in many cutaneous diseases. Dose, from two to 
ten grains, several times a-day. 

Hyposulphited Sulphuret op Potas- 
sium. 
R. Sublimed sulphur one part 

Solution of potassa three parts 

Mix, and heat on a sand-bath, until it 
marks 39° B. Gidbourt. 

It consists of three parts of sulphuret and one 
of hyposulphite. 

FERRO-SuLPnURET OF POTASSIUM. 

R. Carbonate of potassa 

Sulphur, each, one ounce 

Black oxide of iron two drachms 

Mix, and melt in a crucible, pour out on 



a slab of marble, break in pieces, and keep 
in a well-closed bottle. Dose, three to 
four grains. Ferrara Ph. 

Sulphuret of Potassium and Cremor 
Tartar. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium four scruples 
Cremor tartar four drachms 

Mix, and divide into twenty-four powders. 
Dose, one every four hours, in a glass of 
sweetened water. Said to be efficacious in 
mercurial salivation. Bories. 

Bolus of Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium three grains 
Conserve of elder berries sufficient 
Mix. Make six boluses; one every three 
hours. In mercurial salivation. Brera. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium six grains 
Black oxide of iron three grains 

Extract of quassia ten grains 

Burnt sponge sufficient 

Mix, and make a bolus. One, morning 
and evening, in goitre and glandular affec- 
tions. Phoebus. 

Pills of Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium one drachm 
Extract of liquorice sufficient 

Mix, and make thirty pills. Two to five, 
several times a-day. 

Compound Pills of Sulphuret of 
Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium 
Gum ammoniac 

Extract of dandelion, each, one drachm 
Soap 

Rhubarb, each, half a drachm 

Opium three grains 

Mix, and make pills of two grains. 

Radius. 

Pills of Sulphuret of Potassium and 

Charcoal. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium one drachm 
Extract of blessed thistle 
Powdered charcoal, each, two grains 
Mix, and make pills of two grains. Fifteen 
to twenty, four times a-day, in phthisis. 

Augustin. 

Electuary of Sulphuret of Potas- 
sium. 
R. Butter of cocoa two drachms 

Oil of almonds half an ounce 

Melt together, and add, triturating well 
Sulphuret of potassium ten grains 
Sugar three drachms 

As an alterative for children, in teaspoon- 
ful doses. Phoebus. 



POTASSII SULPHURETUM. 



Syrup of Sulphuret op Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium eight grains 
Distilled water sixteen grains 

Dissolve, add to it 

Simple syrup one ounce 

Par. Cod. 
A teaspoonful, for croup in children. 

Compound Syrup of Sulphuret of 

Potassium. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium one ounce 

Fennel water sixteen ounces 

Simple syrup thirty-eight ounces 

Mix. Once much celebrated as Willis' 

bechic syrup, in croup, &c. Giordano. 

Syrup of Hyposulphited Sulphuret 

of Potassium. 
R. Hyposulphited sulphuret 

of potassium sixteen grains 

Simple syrup one ounce 

Mix. Guibourt. 

Solution of Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium one part 

Water sufficient 

to make a solution of 30° B. Soubeiran. 

Water of Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Washed sulphur one part 

Water of caustic potassa eleven parts 
Boil for ten minutes, and filter. Keep in 
well-stopped bottles. Dub. Ph. 

This is not analogous to a solution of sulphuret 
of potassium, as it contains much hyposulphite 
of potassa. Dose, ten minims to one fl. drachm, 
three times a-day. 

Tincture of Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium four ounces 
Diluted alcohol sixteen ounces 

Digest for twenty-four hours, and strain. 

Quincy. 
R. Carbonate of potassa one ounce 

Sulphur two ounces 

Melt together, and digest with 

Alcohol one pound 

Filter. Saxon. Ph. 

Recommended in itch, in doses of sixty drops. 

Lotion of Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium one ounce 

Water half a pint 

Dissolve. As a wash in herpetic and 
other cutaneous eruptions. Ellis. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium 

one to two parts 

Water sixteen parts 

Dissolve. Foy. 

Compound Lotion of Sulphuret of 

Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium half an ounce 



327 

Soap one ounce 

Alcohol four fl. ounces 

Tincture of myrrh half a fl. ounce 
Lime water one pint 

Mix. As an application in tinea capitis. 

Ellis. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium 

one to two ounces 
Water one pint 

Dissolve. 
R. Muriatic acid 

one fl. ounce to two fl. ounces 
Distilled water two pints 

Mix an ounce of each solution with four 
ounces of warm water. As an applica- 
tion in psora. Alibert. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium three drachms 
Soap one drachm and a-half 
Lime water seven and a-half fl. ounces 
Diluted alcohol two fl. ounces 
Mix. Burns. 
Known as Barlow's lotion, and used in various 
cutaneous diseases. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium two drachms 
Soap two drachms and a-half 

Lime water seven fl. ounces 

Alcohol one fl. drachm 

Mix. Biett. 

As a lotion in porrigo. 

R . Sulphuret of potassium four ounces 

Water one pint and a-half 

Sulphuric acid half an ounce 

Mix. As a lotion in itch, to be used 

morning and evening. Dupuytren. 

Sulphuret of Potassium Bath. 
R . Sulphuret of potassium four ounces 
Water twelve ounces 

Dissolve, and mix with the water of a 
bath. Beral. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium one ounce 
Common salt two ounces 

Carbonate of soda four drachms 

Leaves of sage one to two handfuls 
Water six quarts 

Boil for twenty-four hours. In fomenta- 
tions, douches, &c, in spina ventosa and 
scrofula. St. Marie. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium four ounces 
Water two hundred pints 

Mix, and add 

Glue two pounds 

Dissolved in ten pints of boiling water. 

Foy. 

Injection of Sulphuret of Potas- 
sium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium one drachm 



POTASSA. 



Distilled water eight to twelve ounces 
Dissolve. In gonorrhoea. Wedekind. 

Mixture or Sulpiiuret of Potas- 
sium. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium 

one drachm and a-half 
Bicarbonate of potassa ten grains 

Oil of peppermint one to two drops 
Syrup of orange peel two ounces 

Mucilage one ounce 

Mis. A teaspoonful, every two hours, as 

an alterative in scrofula. Lockstaedt. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium one scruple 
Carbonate of potassa ten grains 

Peppermint water two ounces 

Syrup of saffron one ounce 

Mix. A spoonful, every two hours, in 

cutaneous diseases. Phoebus. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium one scruple 
Water one ounce 

Syrup of cinnamon two drachms 

Mix. To be taken in three doses, in 

mercurial disease. Dzondi. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium one scruple 
Kermes mineral ten grains 

Syrup of senega two ounces 

Anisated ammonia one scruple 

Mix. A spoonful, every hour in croup. 
Ha gen. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium 

Sugar, each, one drachm 

Water one pint 

Mix. Has been advised as an antidote 

in poisoning by arsenic. Augustin. 

Ointment of Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium 

Carbonate of soda, each, three drachms 

Lard three ounces 

Mix. As an application in tinea capitis. 
Alibert. 
R. Soap one pound 

Water one ounce 

Soften by means of a water-bath, and add 

Sulphuret of potassium three ounces 

Oil of pinks two pounds 

Mix well. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium 

Water 
Dissolve, and add 

Soap 

Oil of pinks 
thyme 
Mix. 
R. Powdered soap 

Sulphuret of potassium 

Water, each, 



Mix well, and add, gradually, 

Olive oil five ounces 

This liniment alters rapidly when exposed 
to the air. Beral. 

Compound Plaster of Sulphuret of 

Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium 

Powdered hemlock, each, two drachms 
Camphor 

Turpentine, each, four drachms 

Soap half a drachm 

Yellow wax one ounce 

Simple plaster four ounces 

Mix well. As a dressing to tumefied lym- 
phatic glands. Bones. 

Soap of Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium one part 

Boiling water two parts 

Dissolve, and add 

Yellow wax one part 

Evaporate, stirring continually. 

Bavar. Ph. 



Jadelot. 
six ounces 
two ounces 

two pounds 
four pounds 
two drachms 

Giordano. 

two ounces 



POTASSA. 

Caustic Potassa. 
R. Solution of potassa one gallon 

Evaporate quickly, in a clean iron vessel, 
over the fire, till ebullition ceases and the 
potassa melts. Pour into moulds, and 
keep in well-stopped bottles. U. S. Ph. 

A powerful escbarotic, used to form issues and 
in opening abscesses. 

Solution of Caustic Potassa. 
R. Caustic potassa one drachm and a-half 

Distilled water two fl. ounces 

Dissolve. As a rubefacient in tetanus, to 
be applied to the spine. JIartshorne. 

Potassa with Lime. 
R. Caustic potassa 

Lime, each, one ounce 

Rub them together, and keep in a well- 
stopped bottle. Bond. Ph. 
Used as the above, but is slower in producing 
an effect. It is to be made into a paste with a 
little alcohol. 

Solution of Potassa. 
R. Carbonate of potassa one pound 

Lime half a pound 

Boiling distilled water one gallon 

Dissolve the carbonate of potassa in half 
a gallon of the water, pour a little of the 
water on the lime, and, when slaked, add 
the remainder. Mix the hot liquors, and 
boil for ten minutes, stirring continually, 
set the mixture aside in a covered vessel, 



POTASS^ ACETAS. 



329 



till clear. Decant, and keep in well-stop- 
ped bottles of green glass. U. S. Ph. 
R. Caustic potassa one scruple 

Water one fl. ounce 

Dissolve. This solution very nearly re- 
presents the above. W. Procter. 

llthontriptic solution of caustic 

Potassa. 
R. Calcined carbonate of 

potassa half a pound 

Burnt oyster shells one pound and a-half 
Boiling water eight pints and a-half 
Mix, and let rest for twenty-four hours, 
and then filter. One fl. drachm three 
times a-day, in flaxseed tea, adding fifteen 
grains of magnesia to each dose. 

Saunders. 

Saviard's Stimulant Lotion. 
R. Caustic potassa two drachms 

Camphor two scruples 

Sugar two ounces 

"Water two pints 

Mix. As an application to indolent ul- 
cers. Foy. 

Collyrium op Caustic Potassa. 
R. Caustic potassa one grain 

Distilled water one ounce 

Dissolve. A drop or two to be introduced 
into the eye, to remove specks on the cor- 
nea. Gimbernat. 
R. Caustic potassa one grain 

Extract of opium four grains 

Distilled water four ounces 

Dissolve, and filter. In chronic ophthal- 
mia. Hamb. Ph. 

Mixture op Caustic Potassa. 
R . Tincture of caustic potassa half an ounce 

Volatile tincture of 

guaiacum two drachms 

Laudanum half a drachm 

Mix. Twenty drops, three times a-day, 
in gout. Grsefe. 

Injection op Caustic Potassa. 
R. Caustic potassa half a grain 

Chamomile water one ounce and a-half 

Laudanum five drops 

Mix. As an injection into the ear, in 
deafness. Rust. 

R. Caustic potassa two grains 

Distilled water one ounce 

Dissolve. As an injection, at the com- 
mencement of gonorrhoea. Girtanner. 



POTASS^ ACETAS. 
Acetate op Potassa. 
R. Acetic acid one pint 

Carbonate of potassa sufficient 

to saturate; to be added gradually; fil- 
ter; evaporate by means of a sand-bath 
to dryness ; keep in closely-stopped bot- 
tles. U. S. Ph. 

A diuretic, in doses of a scruple to a drachm ; 
as a laxative, in doses of two or three drachms. 

Scillitic Acetate of Potassa. 
R. Carbonate of potassa half an ounce 

Vinegar of squills twelve fl. ounces 
Evaporate to the consistence of honey, 
and add 

Alcohol (.842) six fl. ounces 

Decant, after digesting for a few days. 
Dose, forty to sixty drops, in some de- 
mulcent fluid, in dropsy and asthma. 

Keup. 

Bolus op Acetate op Potassa. 
R. Acetate of potassa one scruple 

Conserve of pot marigold sufficient 

Mix. To be taken in the morning, for 

some days, to retard the secretion of milk. 

St. Marie. 

Compound Pills of Acetate of Po- 
tassa. 
R . Acetate of potassa 
Gum ammoniac 
Pills of aloes and 

myrrh, each, one part 

Soap two parts 

Simple syrup sufficient 

Mix, and make pills of five grains. 

Van Mons. 

Conserve with Acetate of Potassa. 
R . Acetate of potassa half an ounce 

Sulphate of soda one drachm 

Juice of scurvy grass 
fumitory 

dandelion, each, two ounces 
Sugar sufficient 

Mix, and form conserve. A tcaspoonful, 
two or three times a-day, in obstructions 
of the bowels. Bories. 

R . Acetate of potassa 
Powdered burnt 

sponge, each, two drachms 

Calomel twelve grains 

Sulphuret of antimony 

one drachm and a-half 
Jalap sixteen grains 

Sulphur one grain 



330 



POTASS.K ARSENITIS LIQUOR— POTASS^ BORAS. 



Simple syrup sufficient 

Mis. Dose, twelve to twenty-four grains, 
twice a-day, in scrofula. Baumes. 

Liquid Acetate of Potassa. 
R. Acetate of potassa one part 

Distilled water two parts 

Dissolve. Amster. Ph. 

R . Acetate of potassa at will 

Expose to the action of the air, till it de- 
liquesces, and filter. Pideret. 
Dose, forty to eighty drops, in an appropriate 
vehicle, as a diuretic. 

Mixture with Liquid Acetate of 

Potassa. 

R. Liquid acetate of potassa two ounces 

Extract of Peruvian bark two drachms 

cascarilla one drachm 

Elixir proprietatis one ounce 

Mix. In intermittent fevers, complicated 

with obstruction and dropsy ; in doses of 

thirty drops, every two hours, during the 

apyrexia. Bories. 

R . Liquid acetate of potassa four ounces 

Extract of centaury two drachms 

Sulphuric ether twenty drops 

Syrup of kermes two ounces 

Mix. In dropsy and obstructions. In 

doses of thirty drops. Saunders. 

Tincture of Acetate of Potassa. 

R. Acetate of potassa two ounces 

Alcohol four ounces 

Digest for some days, and filter. Dose, 

thirty to sixty drops. Bruns. Ph. 

Mixture of Acetate of Potassa. 
R. Acetate of potassa 

Extract of dandelion 

hemlock, each, half an ounce 

Fennel water six ounces 

Syrup of marsh mallow one ounce 
Mix. Two teaspoonfuls, every four hours, 
in jaundice. Quarin. 

R. Carbonate of potassa fifteen grains 

Distilled vinegar sufficient 

to dissolve ; add to the solution 

Water half an ounce 

Mint water one ounce 

Pimento water 

Vinegar of squill, each, one drachm 

Simple syrup two drachms 

Mix. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm, 
every six hours, in dropsy. Mihnan. 

R. Arnica root one drachm 

Boiling water sufficient 

to obtain four ounces of infusion ; add 

Carbonate of potassa, saturated 

with vinegar of squill, half a drachm 



'■ Syrup of orange flowers half an ounce 
Mix. A spoonful every two hours, in 

dropsy. Wendt. 
R . Acetate of potassa 

Oxymel of squill, each, one drachm 

Linden water four drachms 

Wine of opium fifteen drops 

Syrup of marsh mallow one ounce 

Mix. In spoonful doses, as a diuretic 

and sedative. Pierquin. 



POTASSJE ARSENITIS 
LIQUOR. 

Arsenical, or Fowler's Solution. 
R. Arsenious acid in small fragments 
Pure carbonate of 

potassa, each, sixty-four grains 

Distilled water sufficient 

Compound spirit of 

lavender half a fl. ounce 

Boil the arsenious acid and carbonate of 
potassa with twelve fl. ounces of the water, 
in a glass vessel, till the acid is entirely 
dissolved. To the solution, when cold, 
add the spirit of lavender, and afterwards, 
sufficient distilled water to make it fill 
exactly the measure of a pint. U. S. Ph. . 

Used in the same cases as arsenious acid, 
especially in intermittent fever. Each fl. drachm 
contains half a grain of arsenious acid. Dose, 
about ten drops, two or three times a-day. 



POTASSA ARSENIAS. 

Arseniate of Potassa. 
R. White arsenic 

Nitre, each, one ounce 

Pulverize separately, mix, and introduce 
into an earthenware retort; heat to red- 
ness, as long as nitrous fumes are evolved, 
let cool, dissolve the residuum in four pints 
of boiling distilled water, evaporate, and 
crystallize. Guibourt. 

Dose, one-sixteenth to one-eighth of a grain. 

Mixture of Arseniate of Potassa. 

R. Arseniate of potassa one fifth of a grain 

Mint water three ounces 

Simple syrup half an ounce 

Mix. In spoonful doses, in the apyrexia 

of intermittents. Foy. 



POTASSA BORAS. 

Borate of Potassa. 
R. Boracic acid six parts 



POTASSES BOROTARTRAS— POTASSJE CARBONAS. 



331 



Bicarbonate of potassa five parts 

Mix, and heat to redness in a crucible, 
dissolve the residuum in water, filter, and 
evaporate to dryness. 



POTASSA BOROTARTRAS. 

BOROTARTRATE OP POTASSA. 

R. Powdered bitartrate of 

potassa four ounces 

Boracic acid one ounce 

Water three pints 

Mix, and put in a silver basin, and boil 
till most of the water is evaporated, and 
continue the evaporation by a gentle heat, 
constantly stirring. When the matter has 
become thick, take it up in portions, flat- 
ten them, and dry in a stove, reduce them 
to powder, and keep in well-closed bottles. 
Par. Cod. 
R. Borax two hundred and fifty parts 
Bitartrate of potassa seventy-five parts 
Dissolve in boiling water, evaporate until 
a portion dropped on a cold slab solidifies. 
Powder in a warm mortar, and keep in 
well-stopped bottles. Kaepeler. 

R. Bitartrate of potassa twelve ounces 
Borate of soda six ounces 

Tartaric acid three drachms 

Dissolve in water, clarify with white of 
egg, and proceed as directed by the Paris 
Codex. Cambranac. 

This is known as soluble cream of tartar. It 
is purgative in about the same dose as cream of 
tartar. 

Powder op Borotartrate op Potassa. 
R. Cream of tartar one ounce 

Borax three drachms 

Sugar two ounces 

Mix, and divide into three powders; one 
to be taken, in a glass of water, every half 
hour. Pierauin. 

Compound Pills op Borotartrate op 

Potassa. 
R. Borotartrate of 

potassa one drachm and a-half 

Extract of buckbean two ounces 

Seneka snakeroot two drachms 

Colchicum one drachm and a-half 

Mix, and make pills of two grains. Dose, 

six to twelve every two hours, as a hydra- 

gogue purgative. Auyuslin. 

Solution op Borotartrate of 
Potassa. 
R. Cream of tartar 

Borax, each, one drachm 



Boiling water one pint 

Dissolve. Bories. 

Mixture op Borotartrate op 
Potassa. 

R. Borotartrate of 

potassa four to six drachms 

Juniper water 
Parsley water, each, three ounces 

Dissolve, and add 

Nitric ether two drachms 

Syrup of poppies one ounce 

Mix. Two spoonfuls every two hours, as 

a diuretic. Niemann. 

R. Borotartrate of potassa one ounce 
Mint water eight ounces 

Nitric ether two drachms 

Oxymel of squill one ounce 

Mix. Two spoonfuls, every two hours, 

as a diuretic. Selig. 

R. Borotartrate of potassa half an ounce 
Tartar emetic one grain 

Water four ounces 

Mix. In spoonful doses, in congestion of 

the head. Radius. 

Borotartrate op Potassa and Mag- 
nesia. 
R. Borotartrate of potassa one part 

Carbonate of mag- 
nesia one-fourth part 

Water six parts 

Dissolve the borotartrate in the water, in a 
silver basin, saturate with the magnesia, 
evaporate carefully, till reduced to a tena- 
cious paste, which divide into small masses, 
and dry in a stove. Mailliere Renault. 

Mixture of Borotartrate op 
Potassa and Magnesia. 
R. Borotartrate of potassa 

and magnesia thirty parts 

Citric acid two parts 

Syrup of lemon sixty parts 

Warm water three hundred parts 

Dissolve. Mailliere Renault. 



POTASSiE CARBONAS. 

Carbonate of Potassa. 
R. Impure carbonate 

of potassa three pounds 

Water two pints and a-half 

Dissolve the impure carbonate in the water, 
filter, pour into a clean iron vessel, and 
evaporate over a gentle fire, till the solu- 
tion thickens, then remove from the fire, 
and stir constantly, with an iron spatula, 
till the salt granulates. U. S. Ph. 



332 



POTASSiE CARBONAS. 



Dose, 



Used as an antacid, and diuretic, &c. 
from five to twenty grains. 

Pure Carbonate of Potassa. 
R. Bitartrate of potassa two pounds 

Nitrate of potassa one pound 

Rub them separately into powder, mix, 
and throw the mixture into a brass vessel, 
heated nearly to redness, from the residue 
prepare as directed for the carbonate. 

U. S. Ph. 
R. Bicarbonate potassa at will 

Put it in an iron crucible, heat gradually 
to redness for half an hour; when cold, 
remove the carbonate, and if discolored by 
the iron vessel, dissolve in water, filter, 
and evaporate to dryness in a porcelain 
crucible. W. Procter. 

Solution op Carbonate of Potassa. 

R. Carbonate of potassa one pound 

Distilled water twelve fl. ounces 

Dissolve, and filter. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, ten minims to a fl. drachm, properly 
diluted. 

Powder of Carbonate of Potassa. 
R. Carbonate of potassa ten grains 

Powdered chamomile 
myrrh, each, 

twenty-four grains 
Mix. To be taken every hour, in the 
ayprexia of intermittents. Foy. 

R. Carbonate of potassa one part 

Powdered gum Arabic eight parts 
Triturate together for a long time. Dose, 
half a drachm to a drachm, dissolved in 
water, in engorgement of the bowels. 

Guibourt. 

COLLYRIUM OF CARBONATE OF POTASSA. 

R . Carbonate of potassa two to six grains 
Water one ounce 

M ix. To be dropped in the eye every two 
to four hours, in specks on the cornea. 

Ilimby. 
R. Carbonate of potassa twenty-five grains 
Veal broth, filtered, sufficient 

Celandine water two ounces 

Digest for twenty-four hours on a sand- 
bath, filter, and add 

Tincture of aloes twenty-four drops 
In specks on the cornea. Bories. 

Tincture of Carbonate of Potassa. 
R. Carbonate of potassa one part 

Calcine it with a strong heat in a crucible 
for two hours, pour it in a heated mortar, 
pulverize it rapidly, and pour on the hot 
powder 

Alcohol four parts 



Digest for fifteen days in a stove, often 
agitating, and filter. Guibourt. 

This is a weak alcoholic solution of caustic 
potassa. 

COLLUTORT OF CARBONATE OF POTASSA. 

R. Alcohol four ounces 

Essence of mint twenty drops 

roses eight drops 

Cochineal 

Carbonate of potassa, each, ten grains 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, and filter. 
Much esteemed as a mouth-wash and gar- 
gle, under the name of " Oriental Water." 
A teaspoonful is to be used, mixed with a 
glass of water. Delabarre. 

Emulsion with Carbonate of Potassa. 

R. Carbonate of potassa one scruple 

Yelk of egg three drachms 

Mucilage one drachm 

Oil of almonds 

Cherry water, each, one ounce 

Linden water two ounces 

Mix. A teaspoonful, every hour, in the 

colic of children. Rosenstein. 

Fomentation with Carbonate of 
Potassa. 
R. Carbonate of potassa 
Soap, each, 
Elder water 
Dissolve, filter, and add 

Sal ammoniac 
As an application to bruises, &c 

Liniment with Carbonate of Potassa. 
R. Solution of carbonate 

of potassa two ounces 

Olive oil four ounces 

Yelk of eggs two 

Mix. As an application to chaps. 

Plench. 

Lotion of Carbonate of Potassa. 

R. Carbonate of potassa three drachms 

Water four ounces 

In pruritus vaginae. Trousseau. 

R. Carbonate of potassa one ounce 

Rose water one pound 

Dissolve, and filter. As an application 

to chilblains. Brugnatelli. 

R. Carbonate of potassa three drachms 

Common salt two drachms 

Rose water eight ounces 

Orange flower-water two ounces 

Mix. As a lotion in sunburn and tan. 

Sundelin. 
Mixture of Carbonate of Potassa. 
R. Carbonate of potassa two drachms 
Antimonial wine one fl. drachm 



one ounce 
two pounds 

two drachms 
Cadet. 



POTASSJB BICARBONAS. 



Laudanum forty drops 

Compound spirit of 

lavender two fl. drachms 

Distilled water four fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful, every hour or 
two, as an expectorant. Ellis. 

R . Carbonate of potassa one scruple 

Lemon juice four fl. drachms 

Cinnamon water seven fl. drachms 
Wine of ipecac- 
uanha fifteen to twenty drops 
Mix. To be taken every three or four 
hours, as a diaphoretic. Burke. 
R . Carbonate of potassa one scruple 
Powdered gum Arabic half a drachm 
Oil of mint two drops 
Laudanum ten drops 
"Water three drachms 
Mix. A tablespoonful for a dose, as may 
be required, in sickness of the stomach. 

Ellis. 

R. Carbonate of potassa one drachm 

Peppermint water four ounces 

Hoffmann's anodyne two scruples 

Simple syrup half an ounce 

Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful, in asthma, 

with acidity of the stomach. Augustin. 

R. Carbonate of potassa 

White sugar, each, one drachm 

Compound spirit of 

lavender two fl. drachms 

Laudanum forty drops 

Mint water four fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful, every hour or 
two, in sickness of the stomach, with 
acidity. Ellis. 

R. Aromatic spirit of 

ammonia one fl. drachm 

Carbonate of potassa two drachms 
Cinnamon water four fl. ounces 

Mix. A tcaspoonful occasionally, in py- 
rosis. Ellis. 
R . Carbonate of potassa 
Ipecacuanha 

Calomel, each, one drachm and a-half 
Water two pints 

Boil down to one-half in an earthen ves- 
sel. Two spoonfuls a-day, in a quart of 
infusion of sarsaparilla. St. Marie. 

R. Carbonate of potassa one drachm 

Elder-flower water six ounces 

Syrup of marsh mallow one ounce 
Mix. A spoonful every hour, in angina, 
accompanied with aphtha, in catarrhal 
fevers. Radius. 

R . Carbonate of potassa one scruple 

Cochineal half a drachm 



Hyssop water four ounces 

Syrup of poppies 

tolu, each, half an ounce 

Orange flower-water 

Syrup of ipecacuanha, each, one ounce 
Mix. A spoonful, every two hours, in 

hooping-cough. JBories. 

Compound Tincture op Carbonate op 
Potassa. 

R . Carbonate of potassa 

Cinnamon water, each, one pound 

Opium two ounces 

Vinous cinnamon water four ounces 

Digest in a water-bath for three weeks, 

often agitating; and add to the filtered 

solution. 

Grum Arabic two ounces 

Carbonate of ammonia one ounce 

Cinnamon water six ounces 

In syphilis. Niemann. 

Ointment of Carbonate op Potassa. 

R. Carbonate of potassa one ounce 

Flowers of sulphur two ounces 

Lard four ounces 

Mix. As a friction in itch. Brera. 



POTASSA BICARBONAS. 
Bicarbonate op Potassa. 
R. Carbonate of potassa four pounds 

Distilled water ten pints 

Dissolve the carbonate in the water, and 
pass carbonic acid through the solution, 
till it is fully saturated. Then filter and 
evaporate, that crystals may form, taking 
care that the heat does not exceed 1G0°. 
Pour off the supernatant liquor, and dry 
the crystals on bibulous paper. Carbonic 
acid is obtained from marble, by the addi- 
tion of dilute sulphuric acid. U. S. Ph. 

Properties are the same as those of the carbo- 
nate, but it generally agrees better with the sto- 
mach. Dose, twenty grains to a drachm. 

Effervescing Powders of Bicarb. 
Potassa. 
R. Bicarbonate of 

potassa six hundred and forty grains. 
Divide into sixteen powders. 
R. Tartaric acid one ounce 

Divide into sixteen powders. 
Keep the acid and alkaline powders in 
paper of different colors. Ed. Ph. 

Usually made with the bicarbonate of soda. 

Effervescing Solution of Potassa. 
R. Bicarbonate of potassa one drachm 
Distilled water one pint (Imp.) 



334 



POTASSJE ET AMMONLE CARBONAS— POTASSA CITRAS. 



Dissolve, and pass into it carbonic acid, 
compressed by force, more tban is sufficient 
for saturation; keep in a well-stopped ves- 
sel. Lond. Ph. 

Mixture of Bicarbonate op Potassa. 
R. Bicarbonate of 

potassa ten to fifteen grains 

Seltzer water six fl. ounces 

Dissolve. To be taken tbree or four times 

a-day, as an antilitbic. Ellis. 

R. Bicarbonate of potassa one dracbm 

Mint water six ounces 

Dissolve. A spoonful every bour — bas 

been recommended in cholera. 

Amnion. 



POTASSA ET AMMONIA 
CARBONAS. 

Carbonate op Potassa and Ammonia. 
R. Carbonate of potassa four parts 

ammonia one part 

Water sufiicient 

to dissolve the two salts ; pass a current of 
carbonic acid tbrougb tbe solution to satu- 
ration, beat gently, and let crystallize. 

In doses of balf a drachm, in half an 
ounce of mint water, four times a-day ; in 
diabetes, dyspepsia, gravel, &c. 

Swediaur. 



POTASSA CHLORAS. 

Chlorate op Potassa. 
R. Carbonate of potassa two parts 

Quicklime one part 

and expose to a current of cblorine. When 
saturated, heat the mixture gently, digest 
it in water, and separate the chlorate from 
the filtered liquid, by crystallization. 

Graham. 

Has been used in scurvy, chronic hepatitis, 

syphilis, &c, in doses of fifteen to twenty grains. 

Powder op Chlorate of Potassa. 
R. Chlorate of potassa six to eight grains 
Sugar one scruple 

Mix. To be given two to four times a- 
day, in phthisis, to diminish the febrile 
state. Radius. 

Compound Powder op Chlorate of 
Potassa. 

R . Chlorate of potassa seven grains 

Muriate of soda one scruple 

Carbonate of soda half a drachm 

Mix. For a dose. Stevens. 
Recommended in cholera. 



Solution of Chlorate of Potassa. 
R . Chlorate of potassa one drachm 

Distilled water twelve fl. ounces 

Dissolve. Copland. 

As a lotion to indolent ulcers. 

R. Chlorate of potassa half a drachm 
Syrup two and a-half drachms 

Water twelve and a-half drachms 

Mix. To be given in the course of the 
day, in tablespoonful doses, in cancrum 
oris. H. Hunt. 

R. Chlorate of 

potassa one drachm and a-half 

Distilled water five ounces 

Dissolve. A tablespoonful, every two 

hours, in obstinate rheumatism, tic-dou- 



loureux, &c. 



Knod. 



POTASSiE CITRAS. 
Citrate of Potassa. 
R. Citric acid ten ounces 

Bicarbonate of potassa fourteen ounces 
Water two pints 

Dissolve the acid in the water, and gradu- 
ally add the bicarbonate, when effervesc- 
ence ceases; filter the solution, if necessary, 
through paper, free from iron, and evapor- 
ate to dryness, in a porcelain capsule, ob- 
serving to stir constantly, as soon as the 
salt begins to granulate. W. Procter. 

R. Carbonate of potassa three drachms 
Recent lemon juice sufficient 

to saturate. Let stand for twenty-four 
hours, filter, and evaporate to dryness. 

Van Mom. 

Solution of Citrate of Potassa. 
R. Citric acid half an ounce 

Oil of lemons two minims 

Water half a pint 

Carbonate of potassa sufficient 

Rub the citric acid with the oil of lemons, 
and then with the water, till dissolved; 
lastly, add the carbonate of potassa gradu- 
ally, till the acid is perfectly saturated, 
then filter. U. S. Ph. 

This neutral mixture is used where fresh 
lemon juice cannot be procured ; it is as effica- 
cious, but is not as agreeable. 

R. Citrate of potassa two drachms 

Distilled water four to six fl. ounces 

Oil of lemons two drops 

White sugar two drachms 

Mix. A tablespoonful to be taken every 

two hours. In same cases as the neutral 

mixture. Ellis. 



POTASS^ IODAS— POTASS^E NITRAS PURIFICATUM. 



335 



Compound Neutral Mixture. 

R. Lemon juice one ounce 

Carbonate of potassa sufficient 

to saturate, add 

Mint water seven ounces 

Tartar emetic one grain 

Syrup half an ounce 

Mix. Lisbon Ph. 

Mixture op Citrate of Potassa, and 
Peruvian Bark. 

R. Lemon juice one fl. ounce and a-half 
Carbonate of potassa one drachm 

Tincture of Peruvian bark one fl. ounce 
Cinnamon water tbree fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours. 

To promote insensible perspiration while 

taking bark. Ellis. 



POTASS^E IODAS. 
Iodate of Potassa. 
R. Iodine at will 

Caustic potassa sufficient 

Dissolve the iodine in the alkali, till the 
solution begins to become colored. Eva- 
porate to dryness; treat the residue with 
alcohol, and preserve the residue. The 
alcohol takes up the iodide of potassium. 
Fcrrara Ph. 

Syrup of Iodate of Potassa. 

R. Iodate of potassa twenty grains 

Peppermint water two drachms 

Simple syrup ten ounces 

Mix. Giordano. 



POTASSA NITRAS. 

Nitrate of Potassa. 



POTASSA NITRAS PURIFI- 
CATUM. 

Purified Nitrate of Potassa. 
R. Nitrate of potassa one part 

Boiling water two parts 

Dissolve, filter, and set aside, so that, on 
cooling, crystals may form. Dub. Ph. 

Fused Nitrate of Potassa. Sal 
Prunelle. 
R. Nitrate of potassa at will 

Melt in a crucible, and cast it into moulds. 
Guibourt. 
R. Nitrate of potassa two pounds and a-half 
Melt in a crucible, adding gradually, 

Flowers of sulphur half an ounce 
After the deflagration, and the mixture is 



somewhat cooled, pour it into a basin, and 
turn this in all directions, so that the mass 
may cool in a third and uniform layer. 
When cool, break this in pieces. 

Span. Ph. 
This preparation will contain some sulphate 
of potassa. 

Powder of Nitrate of Potassa and 

Orris Root. 
R. Nitrate of potassa one drachm 

Spermaceti two drachms 

Sugar 

Orris root, each, one ounce 

Mix. A teaspoonful, in catarrhal affec- 
tions. Augustin. 

Compound Nitrous Powders. 
R . Powdered nitre one drachm and a-half 

Tartar emetic one grain 

Calomel four grains 

Mix, and divide into eight powders. One 
every two hours. As a diaphoretic, &c. 
in fever. Dewees. 

R. Nitrate of potassa two ounces 

Bitartrate of potassa four drachms 

Tartar emetic four grains 

Mix. Beasley. 

Powder of Nitrate of Potassa and 

Squill. 
R. Nitrate of potassa fifteen grains 

Powdered squill 

pimento, each, ten grains 
Mix. Dose, ten to twenty grains, two or 
three times a-day, as a diuretic. Sivediaur. 

Powder of Nitrate of Potassa and 

Camphor. 
R. Nitrate of potassa ten grains 

Camphor four to eight grains 

Gum Arabic twenty-four grains 

Mix, and triturate well; one-third to one- 
half at a dose. Foy. 

Pills of Nitrate of Potassa. 
R. Nitrate of potassa six drachms 

Gum Arabic three drachms 

Liquorice root 

Marsh mallow, each, three ounces 

Simple syrup sufficient 

Mix, and make pills of five grains. In 
inflammation of the urethra and dysuria; 
five or six, three times a-day. Foy. 

Pills of Nitrate of Potassa and 
Camphor. 
R . Nitrate of potassa four parts 

Camphor 

Conserve of roses, each, two parts 
Mix, and make pills of four grains. Two 
to ten a-day, in gonorrhoea. Guibourt. 



POTASSA OXALAS— POTASS^ SILICAS. 



Nitrated Emulsion. 

R. Nitrate of potassa two drachms 

Sugar of milk one ounce 

Extract of henbane half a scruple 

Emulsion of almonds one pound 

Mix, and dissolve. A spoonful every 

hour, in gonorrhoea. Phoebus. 

Cooling Lotion of Nitrate op 
Potassa. 

R. Nitrate of potassa 

Sal ammonia, each, one part 

"Water forty-eight parts 

Dissolve, and add 

Vinegar four parts 

As a lotion and application, by means of 

compresses, to contusions and ecchymoses. 
Hep. Ph. 
Nitrate of Potassa Gargle. 

R. Nitrate of potassa seven drachms 

Barley water fourteen fl. ounces 

Oxymel one fl. ounce and a-half 

Mix. As gargle, in inflammatory sore 

throat. Ainslie. 

Mixture of Nitrate of Potassa. 
R. Nitrate of potash eight grains 

Tincture of digi- 
talis fifteen to twenty drops 
Water ten fl. drachms 
Sweet spirit of nitre 
Syrup of roses, each, half a fl. drachm 
Mix. To be taken twice a-day, as a diu- 
retic. Burke. 

R . Nitrate of potassa one drachm and a-half 

Mucilage of gum Arabic two fl. ounces 

Antimonial wine forty minims 

Syrup of orange peel half a fl. ounce 

Water four fl. ounces 

Mix. One fl. ounce, three times a-day, in 

remittent fever, with hot skin. Ainslie. 

R. Nitrate of potash eight to ten grains 

Water eleven fl. drachms 

Solution of tartar emetic fifteen drops 

Simple syrup 

Sweet spirit of nitre, each, 

half a fl. drachm 
Mix. To be taken twice a-day, as a dia- 
phoretic. Burke. 
R. Extract of chamomile one drachm 
Nitrate of potassa one ounce 
Chamomile water four ounces 
Mix. A spoonful every two or three hours, 
as an antispasmodic. Radius. 
R. Nitrate of potassa half an ounce 
Barley water one pound 
Syrup of marsh mallows six ounces 
Oil of almonds four ounces 



Mix. A glassful every four hours, in dys- 
ury and strangury. Cadet. 

R. Nitrate of potassa two drachms 

Decoction of asparagus two pounds 

Oxymel of squill half an ounce 

Mix. To be taken in divided doses, as a 

diuretic. Brera. 

R. Juniper berries, bruised, two ounces 
Boiling water one pint 

When cold, strain, and add 

Nitrate of potassa two drachms 

Syrup of ginger one fl. ounce 

One ounce to an ounce and a-half, every 

three or four hours, in dropsy. Hartman. 



POTASS^ OXALAS. 

Oxalate of Potassa. 

The article usually sold for oxalate of potassa, 
salt of sorrel, &c, is the hinoxalate of potassa. 
It is not much used in medicine, but is employed 
in the arts, to remove ink and iron stains from 
linen and cotton; to bleach the straw for bon- 
nets, &c. 

R. Oxalic acid one part 

Carbonate of potassa sufficient 

to saturate ; add to the solution three 

parts more of the acid ; evaporate, and 

crystallize. Cooley. 

Powder of Oxalate of Potassa. 
R . Oxalate of potassa twenty grains 

Tartrate of potassa 

Sulphate of potassa, each, one drachm 
Scammony fifteen grains 

Red saunders ten grains 

Mix. To be taken in the morning, in in- 
termittent fevers. Two doses are stated 
to be sufficient. Giordano. 

Lozenges of Oxalate of Potassa. 
R. Oxalate of potassa 

one drachm and a-half 
White sugar eight ounces 

Gum tragacanth two scruples 

Lemon water five drachms 

Oil of lemons eight drops 

Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains. 
Guibourt. 



POTASSA SILICAS. 

Silicate of Potassa. 
R. Powdered quartz or flint one part 

Subcarbonate of potassa two parts 
Mix, and fuse in a crucible ; when cool, 
dissolve in water ; filter, and evaporate to 
dryness. 



POTASSA SULPHAS-POTASS^ ET MAGNESIA SULPHAS. 



33T 



Solution op Silicate of Potassa. 

R. Silicate of potassa ten to fifteen grains 

Distilled water six to eight fl. ounces 

Dissolve. To be taken twice a-day, to 

remove gouty concretions. Tire. 

Soluble Glass. 

R. Subcarbonate of potassa seventy parts 

Subcarbonate of soda fifty-four parts 

Silex one hundred and ninety-two parts 

Melt together. The resulting glass is 

soluble in boiling water. The solution 

forms a fine, transparent, elastic varnish. 

Doheremer. 



POTASS^ SULPHAS. 

Sulphate op Potassa. 
R. Residuum of the prepara- 
tion of nitric acid two pounds 
Boiling water two gallons 
Expel the excess of acid by heating the 
salt in a crucible ; boil the remainder in 
the water, till a pellicle forms ; filter the 
solution ; set aside to crystallize ; pour 
off the water, and dry the crystals. 

Lond. Ph. 
A mild cathartic, in doses of four or five 
drachms, but in large doses, acts as an irritant. 

Compound Saline Powder. 
R . Sulphate of potassa three ounces 

Muriate of soda 

Sulphate of magnesia, each, four ounces 
Dry the salts separately, with a gentle 
heat; then triturate them well together, 
and preserve in glass vessels. Ed. Ph. 
Aperient, in doses of two or three drachms, 
dissolved in half a pint of carbonic acid water, 
before breakfast. 

Powder op Sulphate op Potassa and 

Rhubarb. 
R. Sulphate of potassa one drachm 

Powdered rhubarb 

one scruple and a-half 
chamomile one drachm 

Mix, and divide into six powders; one, 
twice a-day, in sugar and water, in dys- 
pepsia and torpor of the bowels. Ellis. 
R. Sulphate of potassa two ounces 

Powdered rhubarb one ounce 

Sal ammoniac half an ounce 

Mix. Half a drachm, in same cases as 
the last. Pfaff. 

Pills of Sulphate op Potassa. 
R. Sulphate of potassa two drachms 

Powdered rhubarb two scruples 

Oil of fennel six drops 

Extract of blessed thistle sufficient 
22 



Mix, and make sixty pills. Dose, five or 
six a-day, as a purgative. Phoebus. 

Mixture with Sulphate op Potassa. 
R. Centaury 

Chamomile, each, one ounce 

Water sufficient 

to obtain three pints of infusion ; add 

Sulphate of potassa 

Honey, each, two ounces 

Three glassfuls a-day, in fevers. 

JSivediaur. 



POTASSiE BISULPHAS. 
Bisulphate op Potassa. 
R. Salt remaining after dis- 
tillation of nitric acid two pounds 
Sulphuric acid one pound 

Boiling water six pints (Imp.) 

Dissolve the salt in the water, add th« acid, 
and mix. Boil down the solution, and set 
aside, that crystals may form. Lond. Ph^ 
Aperient and tonic, in doses of one to two 
drachms. 

Effervescing Draught of Sulphate 

op Potassa. 
R. Sulphate of potassa 

Carbonate of soda, each, one drachm 
Dissolve separately, in two fl. ounces of 
water, each; mix, and take whilst effervesc- 
ing. Barlter. 

Disinfecting Powder; 
R. Acid of sulphate of 

potassa four hundred and ten parts 

Subacetate of lead seventy parts 

Manganese thirty parts 

Reduce these, separately, to fine powder, 

and, when wanted, mix in a proper ■ 



POTASSA ET AMMONIA 
SULPHAS. 

Sulphate op Potassa and Ammonia. 
R. Bisulphate of potassa one part 

Boiling water two parts 

Dissolve, and add 

Solution of ammonia sufficient 

to saturate to excess, and crystallize. 
Van 



POTASSiE ET MAGNESIJE 
SULPHAS. 

Sulphate op Potassa and Magnesia. 
R. Sulphate of 

potassa three and a-half parts 



338 POTASSJE SULPHAS CUM SULPHURE— POTASSiE BITARTRAS. 



Sulpliate of magnesia 
Boiling water 
Filter, and crystallize. 



ten parts 

sufficient 



POTASS^ SULPHAS CUM 
SULPHURE. 

Sulphate op Potassa with Sulphur. 
R. Nitrate of potassa 

Sulphur equal parts 

Mis, and throw in small successive por- 
tions inTo a red-hot crucible ; when cool, 
reduce to powder, and keep in well-closed 
bottles. Ed. Ph. 

Has much the same properties as the sulphate 
of potassa. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm. 



Mix. Two spoonfuls, night and morning, 
in all forms of hemorrhoidal disease. 

Radius. 

R. Tartrate of potassa half an ounce 

Extract of centaury two drachms 

Water eight ounces 

Mix. Two spoonfuls every hour or two, 

in obstructions of the liver. Swediaur. 

R. Tartrate of potassa one drachm 

Nitrate of potassa half a drachm 

Manna one ounce 

Decoction of dandelion six ounces 

Mix. Two spoonfuls, every two hours, 

in dropsy consecutive to scarlet fever. 

Phoebus. 



POTASSA TARTRAS. 

Tartrate or Potassa. 
R. Carbonate of potassa sixteen ounces 
Bitartrate of 

potassa three pounds, or q. s. 

Boiling water one gallon 

Dissolve the carbonate of potassa in the 
water, then gradually add the bitartrate in 
fine powder to the solution, till it is per- 
fectly saturated, and boil. Filter the liquor, 
evaporate till a pellicle forms, and set aside 
to crystallize. Pour off the liquid, and 
having dried the crystals on bibulous paper, 
keep them in closely stopped bottles. 

U. S. Ph. 

A mild, cooling purgative, in doses from a 
drachm to an ounce. 

Powder of Tartrate op Potassa and 

Rhubarb. 
R. Tartrate of potassa two drachms 

Powdered rhubarb 

orange peel, each, one drachm 
Oirof cajeput one scruple 

Mix. *A teaspoonful, three times a-day, 
in obstructions of the portal system. 

St. Marie. 

Mixture op Tartrate of Potassa. 

R. Tartrate of potassa six to eight drachms 

Infusion of chicory twenty ounces 

Manna two ounces 

Mix. To be taken in the morning, in 

four portions, every day or every second 

day, for a fortnight, in chronic affections 

of the liver. Grant. 

R. Tartrate of potassa one ounce 

Extract of soapwort half an ounce 

Balm water six ounces 



POTASS.E BITARTRAS. 
Bitartrate op Potassa. 

Cream of Tartar. 

This is cathartic, diuretic, and cooling. The 
dose is from one to two drachms, as an aperient; 
and from half an ounce to one ounce, as a hydra- 
gogue purgative. 

Dentifrice of Bitartrate of Potassa. 



R. Bitartrate of potassa 


six parts 


Powdered shell lac 




cuttlefish bone 




orris root, each, 


eight parts 


cloves 




myrrh 




mastic, each, 


two parts 


Triturate well together. 


Guibourt. 


R. Bitartrate of potassa 




Rhatany 


equal parts 


Orris root 


sufficient 


to give an agreeable odor. Triturate well 


together. Ferrara Ph. 



Powder of Bitartrate of Potassa. 
R. Bitartrate of potassa three ounces 
Nitrate of potassa three drachms 

Sugar four ounces 

Mix. Dose, one to two drachms, in whey, 
as a laxative. St. Marie. 

R. Bitartrate of 

potassa a drachm and a-half 

Powdered squill two grains 

foxglove one grain 

ginger five grains 

Mix. Make a powder, to be taken every 

eight hours. In ascites and anasarca. 

A. T. Thomson. 

R. Bitartrate of potassa thirty grains 

Powdered squill two grains 

ginger four grains 

Mix. Make a powder, to be taken every 

eight hours. Useful in ascites. 

A. T. Thomson. 



POTASSiE ET AMMONLE TARTRAS— PRINOS. 



839 



Electuary of Bitartrate of Potassa. 

R. Bitartrate of potassa one ounce 

Powdered ginger 

Conserve of roses, each, one drachm 
Syrup of orange peel sufficient 

Mix. To be taken in spoonful doses, as 

a hydragogue purgative. Monro. 

Oxymel of Bitartrate of Potassa. 

R. Bitartrate of potassa one part 

Clarified honey two parts 

Mis. As a purgative in bilious fever and 

Swediaur. 



Solution of Bitartrate of Potassa. 
R. Bitartrate of potassa one ounce 

Water two pints 

Dissolve. To be taken freely during the 
day, as a diuretic. Ellis. 

Compound Solution of Bitartrate of 

Potassa. 
R. Bitartrate of potassa two drachms 
Manna two ounces 

Water eight ounces 

Lemon juice half an ounce 

Mix, and clarify with the white of an egg, 
infuse a small quantity of orange peel in 
the fluid, and strain on cooling. A plea- 
sant laxative. Taddei. 

Mixture of Bitartrate of Potassa. 

R. Bitartrate of potassa two scruples 
Antimonial wine 

Vinegar of squill, each, half a drachm 
Parsely water one ounce and a-half 
Syrup of seneka six drachms 

Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, in 

dropsy supervening on scarlatina. Yogi. 

R. Bitartrate of potassa half an ounce 
Barley water two pounds 

Dissolve, and add 

Brandy one to two ounces 

Much praised as a diuretic in dropsies. 

Milmann. 

R. Bitartrate of potassa one ounce 

Borax two drachms 

Boiling water sufficient 

to dissolve. To ten ounces of the cooled 

solution add 

Nitrate of potassa two drachms 

Oxymel two ounces 

Mix. Bcasley. 

R. Bitartrate of potassa 
Extract of hore- 

hound, each, two drachms 

Balm water three ounces 

Mix. One-half to be taken morning and 

evening, in hemorrhoids, with constipation. 
Augustin. 



Imperial. 

R. Bitartrate of potassa half an ounce 

Lemon, cut into slices, one 

White sugar . half a pound 

Water three pints 

Mix. Let stand for half an hour, and 

strain. A pleasant, cooling drink. Gray. 



POTASSA ET AMMONIA 
TARTRAS. 

Tartrate of Potassa and Ammonia. 
R. Bitartrate of potassa at will 

Boiling water sufficient 

to dissolve; add, gradually, 

Solution of ammonia 

to saturate the excess of the acid; filter, 

and evaporate, so that crystals may form. 

Hamb. Ph. 

Solution of Tartrate of Potassa and 

Ammonia. 
R. Solution of carbonate of 

ammonia six ounces 

Add, gradually, 

Bitartrate of potassa sufficient 

to saturate, let stand for some hours, and 
filter. Diuretic, in closes of a drachm. 

Liepsic Ph. 
Mixture of Tartrate of Potassa and 

Ammonia. 
R. Tartrate of potassa and 

ammonia half an ounce 

Fennel water six ounces 

Extract of dandelion 
Clarified honey, each, one ounce 

Mix. A spoonful every hour, as a diu- 
retic. Phoebus. 



PRINOS. 
Black Alder. 

This, which is also known as Winter berry, 
is an indigenous shrub, found in most parts of 
the country, principally in low, moist situations; 
flowering in June, and bearing numerous scar- 
let berries, which remain on the bush after the 
fall of the leaves. 

Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Aqui- 
foliacea?. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 471. Griffith, Med. Bot. 434. 

The officinal portion is the bark, which, when 
dried for use, is in slender pieces, of a greenish 
white color internally, and of an ash gray, mix- 
ed with brown externally; brittle, inodorous, 
and of a bitter, astringent taste. It is tonic and 
astringent, and has been used with success in 
diarrhoea, intermittent fevers, &c. The dose is 
from thirty grains to a drachm, three or four 
times a-day. 

Decoction of Black Alder. 
R. Black alder two ounces 



340 



PRUNUM-PYRETHRUM. 



Boiling water three pints 

Boil down to a quart, and strain. One 
gill, every two hours. W. P. C. Barton. 



PRUNUM. 
Prunes. 

Prunes are the dried fruit of various varieties 
of Prunus domestica, or cultivated Plum tree. 
They are principally derived from the south of 
France, and are much used as an article of des- 
sert, but are also employed in medicine, as a 
laxative, either alone or in combination, especi- 
ally with senna, as in the confection of senna, 
&c, in the form of pulp, which is prepared by 
softening them in the vapor of boiling water ; 
separating the stones, and pressing through a 
hair sieve. 



PRUNUS VIRGINIANA. 
"Wild Cherry Bark. 

This is the bark of Cerasus serotina, though 
the U. S. Pharm. still retains the old, but incor- 
rect designation. The Cerasus serotina is found 
in most parts of the United States, and in some 
situations attains a very large size. 

Sex: Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Drupa- 

Decandolle. Prod ii. 540. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
288. 

The bark of both the roots and branches, is 
used, but the former is to be preferred. As 
dried for use, it is in pieces of various sizes ; 
deprived of epidermis; of a reddish brown 
color, and readily pulverized ; when fresh it 
has an odor of bitter almonds, which is much 
diminished on drying, but reappears on mace- 
ration ; the taste is bitter and aromatic. It is 
tonic, but also exercises a sedative action on the 
circulatory and nervous systems, and is much 
used in a variety of diseases. The dose in 
powder is half a drachm to two drachms. 

Infusion op Wild Cherry Bark. 
R. Wild cherry bark, 

bruised, half an ounce 

Cold water one pint 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, and 

strain. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, two or three fl. ounces, three or four 

times a-day. 

Syrup op Wild Cherry Bark. 
R. Powdered wild cherry 

bark four ounces 

Water twelve fl. ounces 

Macerate for two days ; put in a displace- 
ment apparatus ; add water till twelve fl. 
ounces are obtained, returning the first 
portions till it conies away clear, then 
add 

Sugar twenty-four ounces 

And form syrup. Procter. 

Dose, from a fl. drachm to a fl. ounce. 



R. Same as the above, but with half the 
quantity of sugar. D. S. Jones. 



PYRETHRUM. 

Pellitory. 

This is the root Jlnacylus pyrethrum, a small 
plant with perennial roots and annual stems, a 
native of the countries bordering on the Medi- 
terranean. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Astera- 
cese. 

Decandolle. prod. vi. 15. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
402. 

The dried root is about the size of the little 
finger, with a thick, brown bark, marked with 
black, shining points; it is inodorous; its taste 
is at first slight, but afterwards extremely acrid, 
leaving a burning, pricking sensation. It is a 
powerful local irritant, and is principally used 
as a masticatory and sialagogue, but has also 
been employed in intermittents, palsies, &c. 

Lozenges op Pellitory. 
R. Powdered pellitory 

• mastich, each, one drachm 
Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient 

Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains 
each. As a masticatory in toothache. 

Fog. 
Tincture op Pellitory. 
R. Pellitory one part 

Alcohol four parts 

Macerate for eight days, and filter. 

Par. Cod. 
Compound Tincture of Pellitory. 
R. Pellitory four drachms 

Camphor three drachms 

Opium one drachm 

Oil of cloves two drachms 

Alcohol six fl. ounces 

Macerate for eight days, and filter. As a 
sialogogue in toothache. Brande. 

R. Pellitory one ounce 

Para cress four ounces 

Italian elecampane one ounce 

Alcohol eight fl. ounces 

Macerate for fifteen days, express, and fil- 
ter. Much celebrated as an odontalgic, 
under the name of Paraguay Roux. 

Liniment op Pellitory. 

R. Tincture of pellitory six. fl. drachms 

Camphorated oil half a fl. ounce 

Water of ammonia half a fl. drachm 

Mix. As a lotion for chilblains, and in 

rheumatic pains. Radius. 

Plaster of Pellitory. 
R . Yellow wax three ounces 

Turpentine two ounces and a-half 
Melt together, and add 



QUASSIA— QUERCUS. 



341 



Ammoniac 

Sagapenum 

G-albanum 

Powdered pellitory 

mustard, each, one ounce 
Mix well. As a rubefacient application 
in rheumatism, &c. Cadet. 

Extract op Pellitory. 
R. Pellitory, ground, one pound 

two pints 



Alcohol 
Ether 



half a pint 



Mix the ether with a pint of the alcohol, 
pour it gradually on the powder, put it in a 
displacer, when it ceases to drop, add the 
remainder of the alcohol, and finally suf- 
ficient diluted alcohol, to displace two pints 
and a half in all. Allow the ethero-alco- 
holic tincture to evaporate spontaneously, 
or with a moderate heat, until a soft ex- 
tract is obtained. 

Employed to destroy the sensibility of 
the nerves of teeth, previous to plugging, 
or for toothache. W. Procter. 



QUASSIA. 

Quassia. 

Under the name of Quassia, the wood of two 
different plants is used, — that of Q. amara, and 
of Q. (Picrana) exceka, the latter being alone 
recognized in the U. S. Pharm. This is furnished 
by a large tree found in many of the West India 
islands, and known as the bitter ash. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Simaru- 
bacese. 

Lind. Flor. Med. 20S. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
200. 

It is found in commerce, in billets of various 
sizes, having a smooth, brittle bark. The wood 
is white, but becomes yellowish on exposure to 
the air; it has scarcely any smell, but possesses 
an intense, permanent bitter taste. It is a pure 
and powerful tonic, and is much used for that 
purpose. It is seldom given in substance. 

Infusion of Quassia. 
R. Rasped quassia two drachms 

Cold water one pint 

Macerate for twelve hours, and strain. 

U. S. Ph. 

Dose, two fl. ounces, three or four times a-day. 

Compound Infusion of Quassia. 
R. Quassia 

Scrpentaria 

Orange peel, each, half an ounce 

Boiling water two pints 

Infuse and strain. A tcacupful, cold, 
three times a-day. Ellis. 

Extract of Quassia. 
R. Prepared like extract of gentian. 

U. S. Ph. 

Dose, about five grains. A very efficient, bit- 
ter tonic. 

Tincture of Quassia. 
R. Rasped quassia two ounces 



Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter; or it may be made by displacement. 

U. S. Ph. 

Dose, two fl. drachms. 

Compound Tincture of Quassia. 
R. Bruised cardamoms 

cochineal, each, half an ounce 
Powdered cinnamon 
Chipped quassia, each, six drachms 
Raisins seven ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints (impl.) 

Digest for seven days, strain, express resi- 
due, and filter. Dose, one or two fl. 
drachms. Ed. Ph. 

Wine of Quassia. 
R . Rasped quassia half an ounce 

Orange peel two drachms 

Wine one pint and a-half 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, express, 
and filter. Dose, three fl. drachms to a fl. 
half ounce, twice a-day. Radius. 



QUERCUS. 
Oak Bark. 

Several species of oak are recognized as offi- 
cinal in the Pharmacopoeias, as the Q. alba, or 
White oak, and Q. tinctoria, or Black oak, in the 
U. S. ; Q. pedunculata, European White oak, in 
the Lond. and Edin. ■ Q. robur, European oak, in 
the Dublin. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. polyand. Nat. Syst. Cory- 
laceas. 

The part used is the bark: this, in all the 
species, is astringent and tonic, and has been 
used in a variety of diseases, but more generally 
as an external application than as an internal 



342 



QUINIA— QUIN-ffi ACETAS. 



remedy. The dose is from thirty grains to a 
drachm. 

Compound Powder or Oak Bark. 
R. Powdered oak bark one scruple 

Calamus 

Gentian, each, five grains 

Mix. To be taken every three hours, in 
apyrexia of intermittents. Augustin. 

Extract of Oak Bark. 
R. To be prepared like extract of gentian. 
Dub. Ph. 

The dose is from ten to forty grains. 

Decoction of Oak Bark. 
R. Oak bark eight drachms 

Water two pints 

Boil down to one pint, and strain. 

Dub. Ph. 

The U. S. Ph., for decoction of white oak bark, 

orders one ounce of the bark, and water a pint 

and a-half. The dose is a wineglassful, as an 

astringent in chronic diarrhoea, &c. 

Gargle of Oak Bark. 
R. Decoction of oak bark one pint 

Add 

Alum half a drachm 

Brandy two fl. ounces 

As a gargle in chronic sore throat, with re- 
laxed uvula, and as an injection in leucor- 
rhoea. Ellis. 

Cataplasm of Oak Bark. 
R. Powdered oak bark 
catechu 
Barley meal, each, one ounce 

Water sufficient 

Boil to the proper consistence. Foy. 

As an application in gangrene and mortifica- 
tion. 

Confection of Acorns. 
R. Powdered acorns three ounces 

red coral 
catechu, each, 

one ounce and a-half 

Confection of dog rose ten ounces 

Syrup of red roses sufficient 

Mix. One drachm every four hours, in 

chronic diarrhoea. Bories. 

Acorn Coffee. 

R. Acorns, roasted, six drachms 

Coffee, roasted, two drachms 

Water sufficient 

Boil for a short time, and strain. Two or 

three cupfuls a-day, in scrofula and rachitis. 

Augustin. 



QUINIA. 
Quinine. 

R. Sulphate of quinine one part 

Boiling water thirty parts 

Dissolve. Add water of ammonia suffi- 
cient to precipitate the quinine, wash the 
precipitate in warm distilled water, and 
dry it. 

Tincture of Quinine. 
R. Quinine one part 

Alcohol seven parts 

Dissolve. Dose, twenty to forty drops. 

Berdl. 

Impure Quinine. 
R. Yellow bark one hundred parts 

Muriatic acid five parts 

Water five hundred parts 

Boil, decant, and repeat process three times 
with the same proportions of acid and wa- 
ter; unite decoctions, precipitate with milk 
of lime, wash and dry the precipitate, treat 
it several times with boiling alcohol, mix, 
and filter the solutions, and distil off the 
spirit. Trousseau. 

This is said to be as active as the sulphate, 
and to be less unpleasant to the taste. It is 
given in the same doses. 

Tincture of Impure Quinine. 
R. Impure quinine one ounce 

Alcohol 

Distilled water, each, twelve fl. ounces 
Mix. Piorry. 

Amorphous Quinine, or Chinoidine. 
R. Mother waters of sulphate of 

quinine at will 

Solution of carbonate of 

potassa sufficient 

to precipitate. Wash and dry this preci- 
pitate, dissolve in sulphuric ether, decant, 
and evaporate by a gentle heat. Neligan. 



QUINIiE ACETAS. 
Acetate of Quinine. 
R. Quinine two parts 

Distilled water three parts 

Heat, and add as much acetic acid as will 
dissolve the quinine, and render the solu- 
tion somewhat acid. Filter whilst boiling, 
and set aside to crystallize. Cottcreau. 

Acts like the other salts of quinine, and is in 
no way superior to them. 



QUINLE ARSENIAS-QUINLE ET HYDRARGYRI-CHLORIDUM. 343 



QUININE ARSENIAS. 

Arseniate or Quinine. 

R. Arsenic acid one drachm and a-half 

Distilled water six fl. ounces 

Quinine five drachms 

Boil till solution takes place. Filter, let 

crystallize, and purify by recrystallization. 

In interarittents; dose, one-fifth of a grain. 

Bourieres. 



R 



QUINI^ CITRAS. 
Citrate of Quinine. 
Quinine two parts 

Distilled water three parts 

Heat, and add sufficient citric acid to 
acidulate the mixture ; when a perfect so- 
lution is effected, filter, and set aside to 
crystallize. Magendie. 

The dose is the same as that of the sulphate : 
in the same cases. 

Syrup op Citrate op Quinine. 
R. Acid citrate of 

quinine, thirty-six grains 

Simple syrup one pint 

Mix. Half fl. ounce to fl. ounce, in the 
twenty-four hours. Magendie. 



QUINI^ ET FERRI CITRAS. 

Citrate op Quinine and Iron. 
See Ferri et Quinise Citras. 



V, 



QUININE FERROCYANAS. 
Ferrocyanate of Quinine. 
Sulphate of quinine one hundred parts 
Ferrocyanide of 

potassa thirty-one parts 

Distilled water 

two thousand five hundred parts 
Boil for a few minutes, let the solution 
cool; separate the oily compound, and 
wash it with a little water. Dissolve it 
in boiling alcohol, and let crystallize. 

Par. Cod. 
Said to be more efficacious than any other salt 
of quinia. Dose, about the same as the sul- 
phate. 

Mixture op Ferrocyanate of Qui- 
nine. 
R . Ferrocyanate of quinine four grains 
Alcohol one fl. drachm 

Dissolve, and add 

Camphor water seven fl. drachms 

To be taken as required, shaking the vial. 

Donovan. 



Pills of Ferrocyanate op Quinine. 
R. Ferrocyanate of 

quinine twenty-four grains 

Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient 

Mix, and make twelve pills. Two for a 

dose. Donovan. 



QUININE HYDRIODAS. 
Hydriodate of Quinine. 
R. Add, by drops, a solution of twenty- 
four 'parts of iodide of potassium, in eight 
parts of water, to a strong solution of 
twenty parts of sulphate of quinine; wash 
the precipitate quickly, and dry in the 
shade. Rigliini. 

In obstinate intermittents and scrofulous af- 
fections. 



QUINIA ET FERRI IODI- 
DUM. 

Iodide of Quinine and Iron. 
R. Pour a strong solution of acid sul- 
phate of quinine into a fresh solution of 
iodide of iron; collect the precipitate; 
dry by pressing between blotting paper, 
and keep it from the air. Bouchardat. 



QUININE HYDRIODAS IODU- 
RETA. 

Ioduretted Hydriodate of Quinine. 
R. Add a solution of iodide of iron, con- 
taining a slight excess of iodine, to an 
acid solution of quinine. Treat the pre- 
cipitate with boiling alcohol, and filter 
whilst hot, and set aside to crystallize. 

Bouchardat. 
These preparations are useful where an al- 
terative and tonic are required. 



QUINIA ET HYDRARGYRI- 
CHLORIDUM. 

Double Chloride of Quinine and 
Mercury. 
R. Corrosive sublimate one part 

Hydrochlorate of quinine three parts 
Dissolve separately, in the smallest quan- 
tity of water; mix the solutions; collect 
the precipitate, and dry by a gentle heat. 
McDcrmott. 

Pills of Double Chloride of Qui- 
nine and Mercury. 
R. Double chloride of quinine 

and mercury fifteen grains 

Opium six grains 



344 



QUINLE KINAS— QUINIJE SULPHAS. 



Crumb of bread sufficient 

Mix, and form thirty pills. One, three 
times a-day, to produce salivation. 

Hamilton. 



QUINI.E KINAS. 
Kinate of Quinine. 
R. Alcoholic solution of sul- 
phate of quinine at will 
Aqueous solution of kinate 

of lime sufficient 

to precipitate ; filter, evaporate ; redissolve, 
and crystallize. Magendie. 

Pills of Kinate of Quinine. 
R. Kinate of quinine 
Black pepper 
Extract of worm- 
wood, each, one drachm 
Mix, and make sixty pills. Three, every 



tents. 



Ronandcr. 



QUINI.E LACTAS. 
Lactate of Quinine. 
R. Lactic acid at will 

Quinine sufficient 

to saturate ; leave the solution to evapo- 
rate spontaneously, in a shallow vessel, in 
a warm room, till crystals are formed. 

Bouchardat. 

Pills of Lactate of Quinine. 
R . Lactate of quinine half a drachm 

Extract of juniper sufficient 

Mix, and make twenty pills. Two to six 
a-day, in intermittent^. Bouchardat. 

Mixture of Lactate of Quinine. 
R. Lactate of quinine seven grains 

Mint water five fl. drachms 

Syrup of cloves one fl. drachm 

Water three and a-half fl. ounces 

Mix. To be taken in divided doses dur- 
ing the apyrexia of intermittents. 

Bouchardat. 

Syrup of Lactate of Quinine. 
R. Lactate of quinine fifteen grains 

Dissolve in 

Water one fl. ounce 

Add 

Sugar two ounces 

Form syrup. A teaspoonful, in the inter- 
mittents of children. Bouchardat. 



QUINI^] MURIAS. 

Muriate of Quinine. 
R. Sulphate of 

quinine one ounce and a-half 

Chloride of barium half an ounce 
Dissolve separately, in boiling distilled 
water; mix the solutions, filter, and eva- 
porate to crystallization. Guibourt. 
R. Diluted muriatic acid at will 
Quinine sufficient 
to saturate; evaporate, and crystallize. 
Dose, from half a grain to a grain. 

Cottereau. 

Mixture of Muriate of Quinine. 

R. Muriate of quinine twelve grains 

Diluted muriatic acid five minims 

Distilled water seven fl. ounces 

Syrup of orange flowers one fl. ounce 

Mix. Dose, one fl. ounce. Neligan. 

R. Muriate of quinine eight grains 

Fennel water five fl. ounces 

Muriatic ether one fl. drachm 

Sugar half an ounce 

Mix. A spoonful every two hours. 

Radius. 

R. Muriate of quinine one scruple 

Peppermint water one half fl. ounce 

Mix. Twenty to sixty di-ops, every two 

hours, in intermittents of children. 

Radius. 

QUINIiE NITRAS. 

Nitrate of Quinine. 
R. Diluted nitric acid at will 

Quinine sufficient 

to saturate; boil with animal charcoal, 
filter, evaporate, and let crystallize. 

Taddei. 



QUINIiE PHOSPHAS. 
Phosphate of Quinine. 
R. Quinine two parts 

Water three parts 

Boil, and add 

Phosphoric acid sufficient 

to saturate; filter while hot, and let crys- 
tallize. Turin Ph. 



QUINIJE SULPHAS. 
Sulphate of Quinine. 
R. Yellow bark, in coarse 

powder, four pounds 



QULNLE SULPHAS. 



345 



Muriatic acid three fl. ounces 

Lime, in powder, five ounces 

Water five gallons 

Sulphuric acid 
Alcohol 

Animal charcoal, each, sufficient 

Boil the bark in one-third of the water, 
with one-third of the muriatic acid, and 
strain through linen. Repeat this process 
twice. Mis the decoction, and, whilst hot, 
gradually add the lime, mixed with two 
pints of water, stirring constantly, till 
quinia is precipitated. Wash precipitate 
with distilled water, press, dry, and digest 
in boiling alcohol; decant, and repeat, till 
alcohol is no longer rendered bitter. Mix 
the liquors, and distil off the alcohol, till 
a brown, viscid mass remains; add to this 
half a gallon of distilled water, heat to 
boiling, and add as much sulphuric acid as 
will dissolve the impure quinia; then add 
one ounce and a-half of animal charcoal, 
boil for two minutes, filter while hot, and 
set aside to crystallize. If the solution be 
entirely neutral, acidulate slightly with 
sulphuric acid; if too acid, add more 
animal charcoal. Separate the crystals, 
dissolve them in boiling water a little 
acidulated with sulphuric acid, add a little 
animal charcoal, recrystallize ; place the 
crystals in bibulous paper, and dry by a 
gentle heat. Treat the mother waters 
with solution of ammonia, and proceed with 
the precipitate as before. U. S. Ph. 

Powder of Sulphate of Quinine. 
R. Sulphate of qui- 
nine three to twelve grains 
White sugar two drachms 
Mix, and divide into six powders. 

Radius. 

Powder of Sulphate of Quinine and 

Tartar Emetic. 
R. Sulphate of quinine ten grains 

Tartar emetic three grains 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
every two hours, in the apyrexia of obsti- 
nate intermittents. Gola. 

Powder of Sulphate of Quinine and 

Soda. 
R. Sulphate of quinine one to two grains 
Carbonate of soda four to five grains 
Sugar one scruple 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
morning and evening, in scrofulous oph- 
thalmia. Amman. 



Powder of Sulphate of Quinine and 

Tartaric Acid. 
R. Tartaric acid fifteen grains 

Sulphate of qui- 
nine one grain and a-half 
Mix, and add 

Bicarbonate of soda eighteen grains 
Sugar half a drachm 

Mix in water, for one dose. In the apy- 
rexia of intermittents. Meireu. 

Powder of Sulphate of Quinine and 

Morphia. 
R . Sulphate of quinine two to six grains 

morphia half to one grain 
Mix, and divide into four powders. 

Magendie. 

Compound Powder of Sulphate of 

Quinine. 
R. Sulphate of quinine half a grain 

Powdered fox- 
glove a quarter to one grain 
Powdered fennel six grains 
Sugar of milk ten grains 
Mix. To be taken three or four times 
a-day, in the hectic fever of phthisis. 

Gunther. 
R. Sulphate of quinine three grains 

Opium one grain 

Glum Arabic 

Sugar, each, six grains 

Make a powder. To be taken just before 

the paroxysm of malignant intermittents. 

Neuman. 

R. Sulphate of quinine two grains 

iron one grain 

Powdered fennel one scruple 

Oil of chamomile one drop 

Mix. To be taken every three hours, in 

obstinate intermittents. Phoebus. 

R. Sulphate of quinine quarter of a grain 

Chocolate seven grains 

Sugar of milk two grains 

Mix. To be taken every three hours, in 

debility of the stomach. Kopp. 

Pills of Sulphate of Quinine. 
R. Sulphate of quinine one ounce 

Powdered gum Arabic two drachms 
Syrup sufficient 

Mix the sulphate and gum, and beat with 
the syrup, into a mass, and divide into 
four hundred and eighty pills. U. S. Ph. 

Each pill contains one grain of the sulphate. 

R. Sulphate of quinine fifteen grains 



346 



QUINLE SULPHAS. 



Extract of chamomile fifteen grains 

Mix, and make six pills. To be taken 

during the apyrexia of intermittent fevers. 

Elliotson. 

Pills of Sulphate op Quinine and 

Gentian. 
R. Sulphate of quinine one scruple 

Extract of gentian two scruples 

Mix, and make twenty pills. 

Compound Pills of Sulphate op 
Quinine. 
R. Calomel six grains 

Powdered opium three grains 

Sulphate of quinine twelve grains 
Syrup sufiicient 

Beat into mass, and divide into twelve 
pills. One, night and morning, as alter- 
ative. Ellis. 
R. Blue pill mass 
Sulphate of quinine 
Powdered aloes, each, twelve grains 
Aromatic syrup of rhubarb sufficient 
Beat into mass, and divide into twelve 
pills. One, three or four times a-day. 
This, or the last combination is suited to 
the condition following bilious remittent 
or intermittent fevers. Ellis. 

R. Sulphate of quinine twelve grains 

Extract of gentian one scruple 

Compound rhubarb pill two scruples 

Blue pill mass six grains 

Mix, and make twelve pills. One, three 

times a-day. Ryan. 

R . Sulphate of quinine ten to fifteen grains 

Dry phosphoric acid two scruples 

Powdered mallow root four scruples 

Extract of centaury sufiicient 

Mix, and make sixty pills. Three or four 

pills, two or three times a-day, in nervous 

debility with tendency to abortion. 

Radius. 
R. Powdered camphor one scruple 

Sulphate of quinine two scruples 

Pill aloes and 

myrrh one drachm and a-half 

Syrup of ginger sufiicient 

Mix, and make forty pills. One, twice 

a-day. Copland. 

Syrup of Quinine. 
R. Sulphate of quinine thirty-two grains 
Distilled water two fl. drachms 

Alcoholized sulphuric acid six drops 
Dissolve, and add to 

Syrup sixteen fl. ounces 

Par Cod. 



Syrup of Quinine and Coffee. 

R. Ground roasted coffee four ounces 

Boiling water two pints four fl. ounces 

Make an infusion, let cool, and add 

Sugar four pounds 

Dissolve by means of a water-bath, and 

add 

Sulphate of quinine one drachm 

Dissolve in a little water acidulated with 

sulphuric acid. Bories. 

Mixture of Sulphate of Quinine. 

R. Sulphate of quinine twenty grains 

Sulphuric acid one drop 

"White sugar one drachm 

Cinnamon water two fl. ounces and 

a-half 

Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, in the 

apyrexia of intermittents. Ellis. 

Mixture of Sulphate of Quinine and 
Coffee. 

R. Strong infusion of coffee five fl. ounces 
Sulphate of quinine twenty-four grains 
Sugar four drachms 

Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful. The coffee 

conceals the bitterness of the quinine. 



Tincture of Quinine. 
R. Sulphate of quinine one scruple 

Alcohol half a fl. ounce 

Dissolve. Dose, ten to twenty drops. 

Ellis. 
Compound Tincture of Quinine. 
R . Sulphate of quinine forty-eight grains 
Compound tincture of 

orange peel five and a-half fl. ounces 

Elixir of vitriol forty-five drops 

Mix. Dose, half a fl. drachm to two fl. 

drachms. . Copla n < I. 

Wine of Quinine. 
R. Sulphate of quinine twelve grains 
Madeira wine two pints 

Dissolve. Dose, one or two fl. ounces. 

Magendie. 

Aromatic Wine of Quinine. 

R. Sulphate of quinine eighteen grains 

Citric acid fifteen grains 

Orange wine twenty-four fl. ounces 

Mix. Collier. 

Liniment of Sulphate of Quinine. 
R. Sulphate of quinine half a drachm 
Tartar emetic six grains 

Extract of opium twelve grains 

Spirit of camphor eighteen fl. drachms 
Mix. Three fl. drachms to be rubbed on 
the epigastrium, three times a day, in in- 
termittents. Schuster. 



QUINIZE SULPHO-TARTRAS— RESINA. 



347 



Ointment of Sulphate of Quinine. 
R. Sulphate of quinine one ounce 

Alcohol (-83) 

Sulphuric acid, each, sufficient 

Lard four ounces 

Rub together. Half an ounce to be rub- 
bed into the groins, in malignant intermit- 
tents. Antonini. 



Plaster or Sulphate op Quinine. 



R 



six drachms 
two drachms 



one drachm 
one scruple 



Simple plaster 

Resin 
Melt together, and add 

Sulphate of quinine 

Oil of cajeput 

Camphor, each, 
Mix. To be applied to the epigastrium 
a prophylactic in cholera. Ammon. 

Enema op Sulphate op Quinine. 

R. Sulphate of 

quinine twelve to twenty grains 
Flaxseed tea four fl. ounces 

Mix. To be used every four to six hours. 

Ellis. 

Dentifrice op Sulphate op Quinine. 

R . Sulphate of quinine four grains 

Prepared coral one ounce 

Carmine lake eight grains 

Essence of myrrh two drops 

Mix. Pelletier. 

Gargle of Sulphate op Quinine. 

R . Sulphate of quinine twelve grains 

copper sixteen grains 

Elixir of vitriol one fl. drachm 

Water eight fl. ounces 

Mix. To be used three or four times 

a-day, in obstinate sore throat. 

Hartshome. 



QUINIiE SULPHO-TARTRAS. 

Sulpho-Tartrate of Quinine. 
R. Sulphate of quinine four drachms 



Tartaric acid four drachms and a-half 

Distilled water two fl. ounces 

Dissolve. Half a fl. drachm to a drachm, 

in the course of the day. Righim. 



QUINI^ TANNAS. 
Tannate of Quinine. 



R . Sulphate of quinine 

Water 

Diluted sulphuric acid 
Dissolve, filter, and add 

Infusion of galls 
to precipitate 
and dry it. 

Found useful in intermittent neuralgia. 



one part 

twenty parts 

sufficient 

sufficient 

collect precipitate, wash 

Greek Ph. 



QUINIJE TARTRAS. 

Tartrate of Quinine. 
R. Quinine two parts 

Water three parts 

Mix, boil, and add 

Tartaric acid sufficient 

to dissolve the quinine ; filter whilst hot, 
and let crystallize. Par. God. 



QUINIiE VALERIANAS. 

Valerianate of Quinine. 
R . Fresh precipitated quinine three parts 
Valerianic acid one part 

Water sixty parts 

Mix ; boil ; filter while hot, and let crys- 
tallize; dry the crystals under 122° F. 

Wettstein. 
Said to be more powerful than the sulphate, 
and not to cause nervous symptoms. It is given 
in solution, pill, enema, &c. 



RESINA. 
Resin. 

Resin, or as it is vulgarly called Rosin, is the 
residuum after the distillation of the volatile oil 
from various species of the Pine tribe. In this 
state it is Yellow resin, or Colophone, which, when 



melted and agitated with water, becomes of a 
whitish color, and forms White resin. Resin, 
when pure, is yellowish brown, inclining to 
olive or brown ; it is solid, brittle, of a smooth, 
and shining fracture ; of faint odor, and a some- 
what acrid taste. It is principally used in medi- 
cine as an ingredient in plasters and ointments. 



348 RHEUM. 



Hemostatic Powder. 

R. Powdered resin four parts 

gum Arabic 

charcoal, each, one part 
Mix. As an application to check exter- 
nal bleeding. Guibourt. 
R. Resin two parts 
Gum Arabic one part 
Charcoal half a part 
Pulverize well, and mix. Has proved 
useful in checking bleeding from wounds, 
&c. Bonnefoux. 

Resin Cerate, or Basilicon Oint- 
ment. 
R. Resin five ounces 

Lard eight ounces 

Yellow wax two ounces 

Melt together ; strain through linen ; and 
stir till cool. U. S. Ph. 

As a stimulant application to blistered sur- 
faces, burns, ulcers, &c. 

Compound Resin Cerate. 

R. Resin 
Suet 

Yellow wax, each, one pound 

Turpentine half a pound 

Flaxseed oil half a pint 

Melt together ; strain through linen, and 

stir till cold. U. S. Ph. 

Known as Deshler's Salve; is rather more 

stimulating than the last. 

Resin, or Adhesive Plaster. 
R. Powdered resin half a pound 

Lead plaster three pounds 

Melt the plaster by a gentle heat, and 
add the resin, mixing well. U. S. Ph. 

Plaster op St. Andreav. 
R. White resin eight ounces 

Elemi two ounces 

Venice turpentine 

Oil of bay laurel, each, one ounce 
Melt together, and strain. An adhesive 

Foy. 



RHEUM. 



Rhubarb. 

Rhubarb is the product of one or more species 
of Rheum, but of which, is not known with any 
certainty. All that is clearly ascertained is, that 
they grow in the deserts of Tartary. 

Sex. Syst. Enneand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Poly- 
gonacea. 

U. S. Dispens. 587. Griffith, Med. Bot. 539. 

Two kinds of Rhubarb are usually found in 
commerce, the Russian or Turkey, and the Chi- 
nese, the first of which is the most valuable, but 
the latter is the most generally used, and when 



good, fulfils all that is required. They both are 
purgatives, with some tonic and astringent pow- 
ers, and are much used in various forms of 
disease. The dose, in substance, to produce a 
full effect, is from twenty to thirty grains. They 
are given in a vast variety of forms. 

Powder of Rhubarb and Magnesia. 
R. Powdered rhubarb one scruple 

Magnesia ten grains 

Mix. To be given in syrup, or sugar and 
water. Ellis. 

Powder of Rhubarb and Chalk. 
R. Powdered rhubarb fifteen grains 

Compound chalk 

powder twenty-four grains 

Mix. In the evening, in cardialgia. Foy. 

Powder of Rhubarb and Sulphate 

of Potassa. 
R. Powdered rhubarb one drachm 

sulphate of 

potassa two drachms 
Mix. Ten grains to a drachm, every 
morning. Fordyce. 

Compound Powders of Rhubarb. 
R. Magnesia 
Cremor tartar 
Powdered rhubarb 

chamomile 
Oleo-sacch. of 

fennel, each, half an ounce 

Mix A teaspoonful, twice or thrice a-day 7 
in obstructions of the abdominal viscera. 

Selle. 

R. Powdered rhubarb thirty grains 

sulphate of potassa 

chamomile, each, one drachm 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 

twice a-day, in dyspepsia with torpor of 

the bowels. Ellis. 

R. Powdered rhubarb four ounces 

Magnesia one pound 

Powdered ginger two ounces 

Mix well, and keep in well-closed bottles. 

Ed. Ph. 

A good antacid laxative. Dose, five grains to 

a drachm, according to age. 

Roasted Rhubarb. 
R. Coarsely powdered rhubarb at will 
Place it in a shallow iron dish, heat regu- 
larly, so as to scorch the powder, which 
should be so constantly stirred, that the 
influence of the heat should be uni- 
form throughout; when the color has 
changed to brown, the process is to be 
stopped, and the rhubarb reduced to fine 
powder, for use. W. Procter. 

R. Powdered rhubarb at will 



RHEUM. 



349 



Treat in an iron vessel, constantly stirring, 
till it becomes almost black, then smother 
it in a covered jar. Dose, five to ten 
grains, as an astringent in diarrhoea, 



Pills of Rhubarb. 
R. Powdered rhubarb six drachms 

Soap two drachms 

Beat them with water, so as to form a 
mass, and divide into one hundred and 
twenty pills. U. S. Ph. 

Each pill contains three grains. 

Compound Rhubarb Pills. 

R. Powdered rhubarb one ounce 

aloes six drachms 

myrrh half an ounce 

Oil of peppermint half a fl. drachm 

Syrup of orange peel sufficient 

Beat together into mass, and divide into 

two hundred and forty pills. U. 8. Ph. 

A warm, tonic laxative, useful in costiveness 

with debility of the stomach. Dose, two to four 

a-day. 

R . Powdered rhubarb one drachm and 

a-half 
Sulphate of iron half a drachm 

Soap two scruples 

Distilled water sufficient 

Beat into mass, and divide into forty pills. 
In similar cases as last, three or four to be 
taken at bedtime. Griffifls. 

Pills of Rhubarb and Ipecacuanha. 
R. Powdered rhubarb one scruple 

ipecacuanha ten grains 

Opium three grains 

Oil of cinnamon five drops 

Gum Arabic sufficient 

Triturate together, and divide into ten pills. 
One to be given every two or three hours, 
in dysentery, to relieve tormina and te- 
nesmus. Chapman. 

Pills of Rhubarb and Caraway. 

R. Powdered rhubarb two drachms 

Syrup one fl. drachm 

Oil of caraway ten minims 

Mix, and divide into forty pills. Kitchener. 

Pills of Rhubarb and Chamomile. 
R. Powdered rhubarb 
aloes 
myrrh 
Extract of chamomile, each, one drachm 
Oil of chamomile twelve drops 

Mix, and divide into sixty pills. 

These are known as Speediman's pills. 
Beasley. 
R. Powdered rhubarb 

ginger, each, half a drachm 



Extract of chamomile one drachm 
Beat together, and divide into thirty pills ; 
three to be taken before each meal. Have 
been recommended in dyspepsia and chlo- 
rosis. A. T. Thomson. 

Pills of Rhubarb and Soda. 
R . Powdered rhubarb 

Carbonate of soda 

Extract of gen- 
tian, each, one drachm and a-half 
Mix, and make sixty pills. Guy's Hosp. 
R. Powdered rhubarb 

Dried carbonate of soda 

Extract of gentian, each ; one scruple 

Calomel three grains 

Mix, and make twenty pills. Two, occa- 
sionally, in dyspepsia. Ellis. 

Pills of Rhubarb and Ox Gall. 
R. Inspissated ox gall 
G-um ammoniac 

Powdered rhubarb equal parts 

Mix, and form pills of two grains each. 

Leipsie Ph. 
In constipation, deficiency of bile, &c. 

Lozenges of Rhubarb. 
R. Powdered rhubarb 

Cremor tartar, each, two drachms 
Fresh orange peel half a drachm 

Sugar, dissolved in 

Orange-flower water four ounces 

Mix, and make lozenges of eighteen 
grains. Beral. 

Suppository of Rhubarb. 
R. Extract of rhubarb half a drachm 
Soap three drachms 

Powdered rhubarb sufficient 

Mix, and make three suppositories. 

Radius. 
Electuary of Rhubarb. 
R. Powdered rhubarb 

one drachm and a-half 

Sulphate of potassa one drachm 

Cremor tartar half an ounce 

Pulp of tamarinds two ounces 

Mix. A teaspoonful. Saunders. 

Infusion of Rhubarb. 
R. Bruised rhubarb one drachm 

Boiling water eight fl. ounces 

Infuse for two hours, and strain. 

Guibonrt. 
One or two fl. ounces, every three or four 
hours, till it operates. 

R. Bruised rhubarb one ounce 

Boiling water eighteen fl. ounces 

Infuse for twelve hours, in a covered ves- 
sel ; add 



350 



RHEUM. 



Spirit of cinnamon two fl. ounces 

and strain. Dose, as above. Ed. Ph. 

Alkaline Infusion or Khtjbarb. 

R. Bruised rhubarb two drachms 

Carbonate of potassa one drachm 

Boiling water half a pint 

Infuse for four hours, strain, and add 

Tincture of cinnamon half a fl. ounce 

Copland. 

Extract op Rhubarb. 

R. Powdered rhubarb fifteen ounces 

Proof spirit one pint 

Distilled water seven pints 

Macerate for four days by a gentle heat ; 

strain ; set aside to settle ; decant, and 

evaporate to proper consistence. Dub. Ph. 

Dose, ten to thirty grains. 

Fluid Extract of Rhubarb. 
R. Rhubarb eight ounces 

Sugar five ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Powder the rhubarb coarsely, and mix it 
with its bulk of coarse sand ; moisten the 
mixture with sufficient of the diluted alco- 
hol to form a pasty mass ; let stand until 
the particles have absorbed, and are swol- 
len by the fluid. Then introduce into a 
displacer, and shake till uniformly settled, 
and cover with cloth or paper ; pour on 
the rest of the alcohol, until the product 
has but little odor or taste of the root. 
The tincture thus obtained, is to be eva- 
porated in a water-bath to five and a-half 
fl. ounces ; the sugar added ; when the 
whole should measure eight fl. ounces. 
Dose, fifteen drops to half a drachm. 

W. Procter. 

Syrup of Rhubarb. 
R. Rhubarb, bruised, two ounces 

Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, and 
strain, then add 

Sugar two pounds 

and make syrup. U. S. Ph. 

Mild cathartic. Dose, for young children, one 
to two fl. drachms. 

Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb. 

R. Rhubarb, bruised, 

two ounces and a-half 
Cloves, bruised, 

Cinnamon, bruised, each, half an ounce 
Nutmeg, bruised, two drachms 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, and strain; 

evaporate on water-bath to one pint, and 

add 



Syrup 
previously heated. 



six pints 
U. S. Ph. 



Warm laxative in cases of children. Dose, 
one fl. drachm, in bowel complaints, to be re- 
peated every two hours. 

Syrup of Rhubarb and Senna. 
R. Bruised rhubarb one ounce 

Senna two ounces 

Fennel seed 

Bruised cinnamon, each, two drachms 

Boiling water two pints and a-half 
Macerate for twelve hours, strain, and 
add 

Sugar three pounds 

Make syrup. Ed. Ph. 

Tincture of Rhubarb. 

R. Rhubarb, bruised, three ounces 

Cardamoms, bruised, half an ounce 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, as purgative, half to one fl. ounce; as 

stomachic and tonic, one to two fl. drachms. 

Tincture of Rhubarb and Gentian. 

R. Rhubarb, bruised, two ounces 

Gentian, bruised half an ounce 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

U. S. Ph. 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. 

In flatulent colic, &c. Dose, as above. 

R. Rhubarb, bruised two ounces 

Gentian, bruised, half an ounce 

Virginia snake- 
root one drachm and a-half 
Diluted alcohol two pints 
Macerate for three days, express, and filter. 
Van Moris. 

Tincture of Rhubarb and Aloes. 

R. Rhubarb, bruised, ton drachms 

Aloes, powdered, six drachms 

Cardamoms, bruised, half an ounce 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. U. S. Ph. 

This was formerly known as Elixir sacrum, 

and was much used. 

Tincture of Rhubarb and Senna. 
R. Rhubarb, bruised, one ounce 

Senna two drachms 

Coriander, bruised, 

Fennel, bruised, each, one drachm 
Red saunders, rasped, two drachms 
Saffron 

Extract of liquorice, each, half a drachm 
Raisins, stoned, half a pound 

Diluted alcohol three pints 



Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 

Well known and much used under the name 
of Warner's gout cordial, as a stomachic and 
slight purgative. Dose, from half to two fl. 
ounces. 

Warner's Cordial. 

R. Contused rhubarb one ounce 

Senna naif an ounce 

Saffron one drachm 

Fennel seed 

Coriander, each, two drachms 

Extract of liquorice four drachms 
Raisins, pounded, one pound 

Brandy three pints 

Mix, and macerate for a week, and strain. 

Dose, half a wineglassful, in atonic gout, 

with flatulence. Chapman. 

Tincture of Rhubarb and Aniseed. 
R. Rhubarb, bruised, 

Liquorice root, bruised, each, two ounces 

Aniseed, bruised, 

Sugar, each, one ounce 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. Copland. 

Used as the tincture. 

Alkaline Tincture op Rhubarb. 

R-. Rhubarb, bruised, one ounce and a-half 

Carbonate of potassa three drachms 

Boiling water twelve fl. ounces 

Macerate for twelve hours, strain, and add 

Tincture of cinnamon two fl. ounces 

Prus. Ph. 

As a mild purgative, where there is acidity of 

stomach, in doses of half to two fl. ounces. 

Wine of Rhubarb. 

R. Rhubarb, bruised, two ounces 

Canella, bruised, one drachm 

Wine one pint 

Macerate for fourteen days, occasionally 

agitating, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 

A warm, cordial laxative, in doses of one to 

four fl. drachms. 

R . Rhubarb, bruised, two ounces and a-half 

Cardamoms, bruised, half an ounce 

Saffron two drachms 

Wine two pints 

Alcohol eight fl. ounces 

Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. 

Par. Cod. 

Used as the last. 

Wine of Rhubarb and Gentian. 
R. Rhubarb, bruised, one ounce 

Gentian, bruised, two drachms 

Canella one drachm 



RHffiAS. 351 

Wine one pint 

Macerate for three days, express, and filter. 

JSwed. Ph. 

'Compound Wine of Rhubarb. 
R. Rhubarb, bruised, 

Orange peel, bruised, each, half an 
ounce 

Wine two pints 

Macerate for twenty hours, strain, and add 

Oleo-sacch. of mace one ounce 

Hoffmann's elixir one drachm 

As a stomachic, a tablespoonful three times 
a-day. Phoebus. 

Rhubarb Mixture. 
R. Bruised rhubarb one drachm 

fennel one scruple 

Sulphate of magnesia half an ounce 
Manna one ounce 

Boiling water six fl. ounces 

Infuse and strain, when cold. As a mild 
purgative ; one-half to be taken at a dose. 
Radius. 
R. Infusion of rhu- 
barb one fl. drachm and a-half 
Spirit of hartshorn two fl. scruples 
Cinnamon water one fl. ounce and a-half 
_ Syrup of opium six fl. drachms 
Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, in 
the chronic diarrhoea of young children. 

Vogt. 
R. Powdered rhubarb one drachm 

Carbonate of soda two drachms 

Tincture of orange 

peel_ one fl. ounce and a-half 

Decoction of 

liquorice ten fl. ounces and a-half 

Mix. Dose, half a fl. ounce to one fl. 

ounce, three times a-day. Guy's Hosp. 

R. Powdered rhubarb one drachm 

Magnesia one drachm and a-half 

Powdered ginger one scruple 

Peppermint water one pint 

Mix. Dose, half a fl. ounce. Gregory. 

R. Powdered rhubarb two scruples 

Tartrate of potassa one ounce 

Peppermint water six fl. ounces 

Tincture of senna 

_ Syrup of ginger, each, half a fl. ounce 

Mix. Dose, one fl. ounce. Brande. 



RHCEAS. 

Red Poppy. 

The Papaver rhwas, or Red Poppy, is a native 
of Europe, where it is found in great abundance 
in cultivated grounds, and has become natural- 
ized in many places in this country. 



352 



ROSA CANINA— ROSA GALLICA. 



Sex. Syst. Polyand. monog. Nat. Syst. Papa- 
veraceoe. 

Linn. Sp. PL 726. Woodville, Med. Bot. 387. 

The parts used are the petals; these have a 
mucilaginous, somewhat bitter taste, and a nar- 
cotic smell, which latter is lost on drying. Their 
action on the system is slight, but they are used 
in Europe in the preparation of a syrup, pre- 
scribed as an anodyne in the catarrhal affections 
of children. 

R. Red poppy petals one pound 

Water one pint 

Heat the water on a water-bath, gradually 
add the petals, remove from the fire, ma- 
cerate for twelve hours, express, and strain, 
and add 

Sugar two pounds and a-half 

And make syrup. Land. Ph. 

Infusion op Red Poppy. 

R. Red poppy petals one drachm 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse and strain. To be taken freely, in 

catarrhal affections. CoUereau. 

Compound Infusion of Red Poppy. 

R. Red poppy petals two ounces 

Diluted sulphuric acid fifteen drops 

Sugar two ounces 

Decoction of barley one pint 

Infuse, and strain. Used as above. 

St. Marie. 



ROSA CANINA. 

Dog Rose. 

This shrub is a native of Europe, growing in 
hedges and thickets. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Rosacea?. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 704. Woodville, Med. Bot. 493. 

The fruit, which is the officinal portion, is 
smooth, ova], red, and of a pleasant acidulous 
taste. It is principally used in confection. 

Confection of Dog Rose. 

R. Pulp of fruit of dog rose one pound 

Sugar twenty ounces 

Heat the pulp gently and gradually, add 

the sugar, and rub together till well mixed. 

Lond. Ph. 

Has been advised in diarrhoea and dysentery, 

as an astringent, but is principally used as a pill 

basis. 



ROSA CENTIFOLIA. 

Hundred-Leaved Rose. 

This species, of which there are innumerable 
varieties, is cultivated in every garden, but its 
native country is unknown, though probably it 
is from Persia. 

The petals are the only part used ; these are 
fragrant, and have an acidulous, somewhat bit- 



terish taste. They are slightly laxative, but are 
principally used for the making of rose water. 

Rose "Water. 
R. Fresh hundred-leaved 

rose petals eight pounds 

Water two gallons 

Mix, and distil one gallon. U. S. Ph. 

Ointment of Rose Water. 
R. Rose water 

Oil of almonds, each, two fl. ounces 
Spermaceti half an ounce 

White wax one drachm 

Melt together, on a water-bath, the last 
three ingredients, and stir in the rose wa- 
ter till cold. U. S. Ph. 
Much used, under the name of Cold cream, as 
a cooling application to irritated surfaces. 

Rose Lozenges. 

R. Powdered sugar 

Rose water, each, six ounces 

Evaporate gently, to a thick syrup, and 

add 

Coarsely powdered sugar one pound 
Oil of roses one drachm and a-half 

When dissolved, pour in drops, on a cold, 

oiled, marble slab, and dry. CoUereau. 

COLLUTORY OF ROSE WATER. 

R. Rose water three fl. ounces 

Cream 

White of egg 

Syrup of violets, each, one fl. ounce 
Mix. St. Marie. 

Oil of Roses. 
R. Fresh rose leaves at will 

Water sufficient 

to moisten the leaves ; distil, and collect 
the oil that floats on the product. 

Guihou rt. 
Essence of Roses. 
R. Pounded rose leaves 

Alcohol (.874), each, ten parts 

I Infuse for twenty-four hours, by a gentle 
heat, and distil. Taddei. 

Rose Oil. 
R. Pounded rose leaves one part 

Olive oil four parts 

Digest with gentle heat for four days, ex- 
press, and strain ; repeat process with 
fresh leaves, a second and third time; 
separate the water, and filter. Soubeiran. 
As an application to chilblains and irritated 
surfaces. 



ROSA CALLICA. 
Red Rose. 

This species is a native of the south of Eu- 



ROSMARINUS. 



353 



rope, and is generally cultivated in our gardens. 
The varieties are very numerous. 

Linn. Sp. PL 704. Griffith, Med. Bot. 273. 

The parts used in medicine are the petals of 
the unexpanded flowers, deprived of their white 
claws, and dried. In this state they are of a 
purplish red color ; of an agreeable odor, and 
bitterish, astringent taste. They have mild as- 
tringent properties, but are more used as a ve- 
hicle, than for their own powers. 

Confection op Hoses. 

R. Red roses, in powder four ounces 

Powdered sugar thirty ounces 

Clarified honey six ounces 

Rose water eight fl. ounces 

Rub the roses with the rose water, at a 

boiling heat ; add gradually the sugar and 

honey, and beat together. U. S. Ph. 

Principally used as a pill basis. 

Acid Infusion of Roses. 

R. Red roses half an ounce 

Boiling water forty-eight fl. ounces 

Diluted sulphuric acid three fl. drachms 

Digest in a glass vessel for half an hour ; 

express and strain, and add 

Sugar one ounce and a-half 

As a cooling drink, mixed with water. 

Dub. Ph. 
Honey of Roses. 
R. Red roses two ounces 

Clarified honey two pints 

Boiling water a pint and a-half 

Macerate the roses in the water for two 
hours, and strain ; add the honey, and eva- 
porate to proper consistence. 

U. S. Ph. 

As an addition to gargles. 

■ Electuary of Roses. 

R. Confection of roses sixteen parts 

Syrup of tolu four parts 

poppy one part 

Mix. Used as an astringent in bowel 

affections, in doses of a teaspoonful. Foy. 

Tincture of Roses. 

R. Red roses five ounces 

Alcohol two fl. ounces 

Rose water eight fl. ounces 

Digest for four days, express, and filter; 

digest residuum with half a pint of alcohol 

for three days; express, filter, and mix the 

liquors. Squire. 

Used principally as a perfume. 

Wine of Roses. 

R. Red roses one part 

Red wine sixteen parts 

Infuse for half an hour, and strain. As 

an application to indolent ulcers. JBeral. 

23 



Compound Vinegar of Roses. 

R. Red roses one ounce and a half 

Sumach leaves one ounce 

Wine of quinces four fl. ounces 

Vinegar of red wine ten fl. ounces 

Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. 

As an application to contusions, and as a 

stypic. Van Mons. 

Syrup of Red Roses. 
R. Red roses two ounces 

Boiling water one pint 

Sugar twenty ounces 

Macerate the rose leaves in the water for 
twelve hours, strain, evaporate, add sugar, 
and form syrup. Ed. Ph. 



ROSMARINUS. 

Rosemary. 

This is the Rosmarinus officinalis, a small ever- 
green shrub, a native of the south of Europe,, 
and generally cultivated in gardens elsewhere. 

Sea;. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lami- 

Linn. Sp. PL 33. Griffith, Med. Bot. 507. 

The officinal portions are the flowering ex- 
tremities. These have a fragrant odor, and a 
bitter, pungent taste. Rosemary is stimulant and 
carminative, but is principally employed as an 
aromatic addition to lotions and liniments, as an 
ingredient in articles of perfumery. 

Aromatic Bath. 
R. Rosemary 

Thyme 

Sage 

Origanum 

Mint, each, half a pound 

Boiling water six pints 

Macerate for twelve hours, strain, and add 

Essence of soap four ounces 

Muriate of ammonia two ounces 

Pour the whole into water sufficient for a 

bath. Foy. 

In chronic rheumatism, cutaneous affections, 

dyspepsia, &c. 

Aromatic Fomentation. 
R. Rosemary half an ounce 

Red wine 

Water, each, three fl. ounces 

Infuse, and express. As a fomentation in 
contusions. Augustin. 

Aromatic Vinegar. 
Rosemary 



Sage, each, 
Lavender 
Cloves 
Vinegar 



one ounce 

one ounce and a-half 

half a drachm 

two pints 



354 



Infuse for eight days, and strain 
lotion in contusions, strains, &c. 

Spiel/man. 

Tincture op Kosemary. 
R. Rosemary one part 

Spirit of rosemary four parts 

Macerate, express, and filter. 

Brunsic. Ph. 
Oil op Rosemary. 
R. Rosemary at will 

Water sufficient 

Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the 
product. Principally used in stimulating 
liniments, but sometimes given as carmina- 
tive in doses of two or three drops. 

U. S. Ph. 

Rosemary Oil. 

R. Rosemary one part 

Olive oil three parts 

Heat till the water has evaporated, express, 

and strain. As a stimulating application. 

Span. Ph. 

Spirit op Rosemary. 

R. Oil of rosemary two drachms 

Alcohol one gallon 

Water one pint 

Mix, and distil one gallon, by a slow fire. 

U. S. Ph. 

As an ingredient in lotions, and liniments, &c. 

Hungary Water. 

R. Rosemary three parts 

Lavender one part 

Diluted alcohol six parts 

Water twelve parts 

Mix, and distil three-fourths. Used as a 

perfume. Van Mom. 



RUBIA— RUBUS VILLOSUS 

— ♦ — 
As a 



RUBIA. 

Madder. 



The Rubia tinctonim or Madder is a perennial 
plant, native of the south of Europe, and exten- 
sively cultivated in many countries for the sake 
of its roots, which are used in dying reds. 

Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Rubi- 
aceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 158. Griffith, Med. Bot. 382. 

The root is the officinal portion, and as found 
in commerce, is in long, cylindrical pieces, about 
as thick as a quill, of a deep red or brown color. 
It has a peculiar and unpleasant odor, and a bit- 
terish, astringent taste. It was much used for- 
merly as a diuretic, but is at present but seldom 
prescribed, except as an emmenagogue, for which 
purpose it is highly spoken of by many practi- 
tioners. 

Compound Powder of Madder. 
R. Powdered madder 

sugar, each, two drachms 



Powdered sulphate of 

potassa half an ounce 
Mix well. Dose, ten grains to a scruple, 
in rachitis. Radius. 

Decoction op Madder. 
R. Powdered madder one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Simmer for fifteen minutes, and add 

Bruised cloves one drachm 

When cool, strain. A wineglassful every 

three hours, a short time previous to the 

expected time of the menstrual discharge. 

Dewees. 

R . Powdered madder one ounce 

mace two drachms 

Water one pint and a-half 

Boil down to one pint, strain, and add 

Aromatic tincture two fl. drachms 

Syrup of citric acid two fi. ounces 

Dose, three fl. ounces, three or four times 

a-day, in amenorrhcea, chlorosis, &c. 

Swediaur. 

R. Powdered madder half an ounce 

hops one drachm 

English walnut leaves three 

Water two pints 

Boil down to a pint and a-half, strain, and 

add 

Tincture of tartrate 

of iron a teaspoonful 

Advised in scrofula, in doses of two ounces, 
night and morning. St. Marie. 



RUBUS TRIVIALIS. 
Dewberry. 

RUBUS VILLOSUS. 
Blackberry. 

These two species of shrubby plants are very 
common in the United States, and are well known 
for their pleasant fruit. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Rosacea?. 

Torrey and Gray, i. 454, 455. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 275, 276. 

The officinal portions are the roots ; these are 
identical in their effects; they have a very faint 
odor, and a bitter, astringent taste. The smaller 
are to be preferred. They are efficient, but mild 
astringents, and have been found very useful in a 
relaxed condition of the bowels. 

Decoction op Blackberry Root. 
R. Small roots of blackberry one ounce 

Water one pint and a-half 

Boil down to one pint, and strain. Dose, 
one or two fl. ounces, three or four times 
a-day, in diarrhoea, &c. 



RUTA— SABADILLA. 



355 



Syrup or Blackberry. 
R. Juice of blackberries twenty ounces 
Sugar three pounds 

Boil, and strain. Said to be very useful 
in dysentery. 



KUTA. 
Rue. 

The only species recognized in medicine is the 
Ruta graveokns, a small shrub with glaucous 
leaves and yellow flowers, a native of the south 
of Europe, but generally cultivated in gardens. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ruta- 

Linn. Sp. PL 523. Griffith, Med. Bot. 189. 

The leaves are the part usually employed; 
they have a nauseous odor, and a bitter, acrid, 
disagreeable taste. They are stimulant and an- 
tispasmodic, and have been much used as an 
emmenagogue and vermifuge. The dose of the 
powder is from ten to twenty grains, two or 
three times a-day. 

Confection op Rue. 
R. Dried rue 
Caraway 

Laurel berries, each, one ounce and 

a-half 

Sagapenum half an ounce 

Black pepper two drachms 

Clarified honey sixteen ounces 

Mix. Dub. Ph. 

It is used as antispasmodic, in the form of an 



enema made with a scruple to a drachm, mixed 
with half a pint of warm, mucilaginous fluid. 

Extract op Rue. 
R. Dried rue two pounds 

Alcohol (-927) seven pints 

Exhaust the rue by the process of dis- 
placement, distil the tincture, and evapo- 
rate the residue. Wert. Ph. 

Mixture op Rue and Squill. 
R. Juice of rue leaves one ounce 

Oxymel of squill half an ounce 

Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, in hys- 
teric affections. Pierqidn. 

Syrup op Rue. 

R. Coarsely powdered sugar fifteen ounces 

Tincture of rue two fl. ounces 

Distilled water seven fl. ounces 

Dissolve, and strain. Beral. 

Tincture op Rue. 
R. Expressed juice of rue 

Alcohol (.847), each, four fl. ounces 
Mix, and filter at the end of twenty-four 
hours. Beral. 

Mixture op Rue. 
R. Rue 
Savin 

Wormwood, each, three drachms 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse, strain, and add 

Castor oil half an ounce 

As an injection, in cases of ascarides. 

Radius. 



s 



SABADILLA. 

Cevadilla. 

This article is the seed of one or more plants 
belonging to the natural order of Melanthacese ; 
the U. S. Ph. attributes it to Veratrum sabadilla, 
and the Lond. Ph. to Hehnias (Asagrsca) officinale. 

The Cevadilla of the shops consists of folli- 
cles, seeds, &c. The first are ovate, oblong, 
acuminate, of a pale, yellowish-brown color, and 
n thin, papery consistence. The seeds arc small, 
curved, acuminate, shining, wrinkled, and of a 
blackish-brown color. They have very little 
odor, but their taste is bitter and acrid. These 
seeds are a drastic emeto-cathartic, and have 
been used as an anthelmintic, and in nervous 
diseases, &c. ; but are principally used in the 
preparation of veratria. The dose is from five 
to ten grains, in powder; but it should always 
be given with much caution. 



Compound Powder op Cevadilla. 

R. Powdered cevadilla two grains 

Sulphate of iron one grain 

Powdered semen contra 

Magnesia, each, half a scruple 

Mix. To be given four times a-day, in 

cases of tenia. Radius. 

Tincture of Cevadilla. 
R. Seeds of cevadilla, bruised, at will 
Alcohol sufficient 

to cover them; digest for ten days, and 
filter. As a lotion in rheumatism. 

Turiibidl. 
Extract of Cevadilla. 
R. Tincture of cevadilla at will 

Evaporate to proper consistence. Dose, 



356 



SABBATIA— SABINA. 



one-sixth of a grain, as a substitute for 
veratria in tic douloureux, &c. Turnbull. 

Ointment op Cevadilla. 
R. Powdered cevadilla four ounces 

mustard 

pellitory, each, two ouuces 

Lard thirty-two ounces 

Mix well. To destroy lice. Cod. Par. 

Ointment op Extract op Cevadilla. 
R. Extract of ceva- 
dilla fifteen to twenty grains 
Lard one ounce 
Mix well. As a substitute for veratria 
ointment, but not as efficient. Turnbull. 

Capuchin Powder. 
R. Powdered cevadilla 
stavesacre 
parsley seed 

tobacco equal parts 

Mix. To destroy vermin in the hair. 

Nieman. 



SABBATIA. 



American Centaury. 

The Sabbatia angularis is a small annual, or 
biennial, plant, growing in abundance in vari- 
ous parts of the United States, having numerous 
rose-colored flowers, which appear in July and 
August. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Gen- 
tianaceee. 

Pursh, i. 137. Griffith, Med. Bot. 45S. 

The whole plant is officinal. It is a pure bit- 
ter, with no astringency or aroma. 

Infusion of American Centaury. 
R. American centaury one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse ; when cool, strain. Dose, a wine- 
glassful, every two hours, as a tonic. 

Chapman. 

Tincture op American Centaury. 
R. American centaury one part 

Alcohol four parts 

Digest for four days, express, and filter. 

Dose, a fl. drachm to two fl. drachms. 

Extract of American Centaury. 
R. American centaury one part 

Alcohol four parts 

Subject the herb to two or three infusions 
in the alcohol ; heat to boiling ; unite the 
tinctures, distil off the alcohol, and evapo- 
rate the residue. 



SABINA. 

Savine. 

Savine is the tops of Juniperus sabince, a small 
tree or shrub, a native of the south of Europe, 
somewhat resembling tbe red cedar in its foli- 
age. 

Sex. Syst. Dioecia monadelph. Nat. Syst. Pi- 
naceas. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1472. Griffith, Med. Bot. 608. 

The tips of the branches are officinal. These 
when dried have a bitter, acrid taste, and an 
unpleasant odor. Savine is an active stimulant, 
acting powerfully on the skin and uterus. It also 
acts as an external irritant. The dose of the 
powder is from five to fifteen grains, three or 
four times a-day. 

Powder of Savine and Ginger. 
R. Powdered savine 

ginger, each, one drachm 
Sulphate of potassa two drachms 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
to be taken twice a-day, in anienorrhcea. 

Ellis. 

Powder of Savine and Spanish 

Flies. 

R. Powdered savine one drachm 

Spanish flies two grains 

Mix, and divide into four powders. One, 

at bedtime, in anienorrhcea. Ellis. 

Powder of Savine and Verdigris. 
R. Powdered savine 

verdigris equal parts 

Mix. As an escharotic to venereal warts. 

J. Hunter. 

Powder of Savine and Pinkroot. 
R. Powdered pinkroot 

senna, each, two scruples 
savine twelve grains 

Mix, and divide into six powders. An- 
thelmintic. One, every morning, till three 
are taken, then a dose of castor oil. If 
required, repeat. Ellis. 

Pills of Savine. 

R. Extract of savine half an ounce 

Powdered savine two drachms 

Oil of savine sufficient 

Mix, and form pills of two grains each. 

Four, three times a-day, as an emmena- 

gogue. Nieman. 

Extract of Savine. 
R. Powdered savine two pounds 

Alcohol seven pints 

Exhaust the savine by the process of dis- 
placement ; distil off the alcohol, and eva- 
porate the residue. Par. Cod. 



SACCHARUM— SAGO. 



Oil of Savine. 
R. Savine at will 

Water sufficient 

Distil, and collect the oil that floats on 
the product. Guibourt. 

A powerful stimulant, emmenagogue, and ru- 
befacient. Dose, two to five drops. 

Infusion of Savine. 

R. Savine one drachm 

Boiling water eight fl. ounces 

Infuse for half an hour, and strain. Dose, 

half a fl. ounce. Pereira. 

R. Savine one drachm 

Camphor six grains 

Boiling water five fl. ounces 

Infuse, and strain. Horn. 

Tincture of Savine. 

R. Savine one part 

Alcohol four parts 

Macerate for ten days, and filter. Dose, 

ten to fifteen drops. Soubeiran. 

Compound Tincture of Savine. 

R. Extract of savine one ounce 

Tincture of castor sixteen fl. ounces 

Tincture of myrrh eight fl. ounces 

Digest till dissolved. As an emmenagogue. 

Lond. Ph., 1788. 

R. Compound tincture of 

savine one fl. ounce 

Tincture of black hellebore 

half a fl. ounce 
castor two fl. drachms 
Mix. Forty drops, three times a-day. 

Ellis. 
Savine Cerate. 
R. Powdered savine two ounces 

Resin cerate one pound 

Melt the cerate, and mix in the savine. 

U. S. Ph. 

As a dressing to keep up the discharge of 
blisters, &c. 

Savine Ointment. 
R. Powdered savine 

Lard equal parts 

Mix. As an application to venereal warts. 

Radius. 



SACCHARUM. 

Sugar. 

Sugar i3 procured from the Saccharum qfficina- 
rum and other species, and is used in several 
forms, as molasses, brown, and refined sugar, the 
latter of which only is recognized in the U. S. 
Pharm. 

Syrup. 
R. Sugar two pounds and a-half 



357 

Water one pint 

Dissolve the sugar in the water, by the aid 
of heat, remove any scum that may form, 
and strain while hot. U. S. Ph. 

Caramel or Burnt Sugar. 
R. Sugar at will 

Place in a shallow vessel, and heat over a 
gentle fire, till it assumes a dark brown 
color. Used as a coloring for spirits, &c. 

Gray. 



SAGAPENUM. 

Sagapenum. 

This is a gum resin, derived most probably 
from some plant belonging to the Apiaceas. It 
is in irregular masses composed of cohering 
fragments, of a yellowish brown, olive, or red- 
dish yellow color, of a waxy consistence ; of a 
somewhat alliaceous odor, and a pungent, bitter- 
ish, unpleasant taste. It is a mild stimulant, 
somewhat resembling assafetida in its properties, 
but inferior to it. It has been used as an em- 
menagogue and antispasmodic, but it is now 
seldom prescribed internally, but is still employed 
as an external application as a descutient. 

Compound Sagapenum Pills. 

R. Sagapenum one ounce 

Aloes half a drachm 

Syrup of ginger sufficient 

Beat together. Dose, ten to thirty grains. 

Lond. Ph. 

As a stimulant, antispasmodic laxative, in 

flatulent colic, &c. 



SAGrO. 

Sago. 

This is the prepared fecula of the pith of 
various species of Palmaceae and Cycadacea?. 
It is prepared in two forms, meal and pearl sago, 
the latter of which is most generally employed. 
This is in small, hard, whitish or brownish 
grains, inodorous, and of a mucilaginous taste. 
It is insoluble in cold water, but by long boiling 
forms a glutinous solution. It is nutritive, easily 
digestible, and forms an excellent article of diet 
for the sick and convalescents. 

Sago Mucilage. 
R. Sago one ounce 

Water one pint 

Macerate by a gentle heat, for two hours, 
then boil for fifteen minutes, stirring con- 
tinually, till the grains are perfectly dis- 
solved, add sugar or flavoring, according to 
circumstances. A. T. Thomson. 



Sago Posset. 



R. Sago 
Water 



two ounces 
two pints 



358 



SALICINA— SALVIA. 



Macerate for two hours, by a gentle heat, 
then boil, till a mucilage is formed; then 
rub half an ounce of sugar on the rind of 
a lemon, add this and one fl. drachm of 
tincture of ginger to half a pint of sherry 
wine, pour the whole into the sago muci- 
lage, and boil for five minutes. Useful in 
convalescence to restore strength. A 
wineglassful to be taken every four or five 
hours. A. T. Thomson. 

Sago Milk. 
R. Sago one ounce 

Water one pint 

Macerate for half an hour, then add 

Milk one pint and a-half 

Boil slowly, till the sago is perfectly dis- 
solved. A. T. Tlwmson. 



SALICINA. 

Salicin. 
R . Decoction of willow bark at will 

Treat with slaked lime, filter, and evapo- 
rate to consistence of syrup; add alcohol, 
again filter, evaporate, and let crystallize ; 
wash the crystals with cold water. 

Cottereau. 
Dose, four to six grains every three hours, in 
apyrexia of intermittent. 

Pills op Salicin. 

R. Salicin 

Extract of gentian, each, twelve grains 
Liquorice powder sufficient 

Mix, and make six pills. Foy. 

Compound Salicin Pills. 
R. Salicin one scruple 

Compound rhubarb pill two scruples 
Mix, and make twelve pills. Beasley. 

Compound Powder op Salicin. 
R. Salicin two scruples 

Aromatic powder one drachm 

Mix, and divide into twelve powders. 

Neligan. 
R. Salicin fifteen grains 

Tartar emetic one grain 

Powdered sugar fifty grains 

Mix, and divide into ten powders. One, 
thrice a-day. Kfombolz. 



SALIX. 
Willow. 



Many species of willow have been used in 
medicine, and are recognized in the different 
Pharmacopoeias ; that admitted by the TJ. S. Ph. 
is the Sali.v alba, a small tree, a native of Eu- 



rope, but extensively cultivated in the United 
States. 

Sex. Syst. Dioecia diand. Nat. Syst. SabicacefP. 

Linn. Sp. PL 1449. Lindley, Flor. Med. 3 IS. 

The officinal portion is the bark ; this is in 
thin, flexible, fibrous pieces, of a brown color. 
It has a peculiar, aromatic odor, and an astrin- 
gent, bitter taste. It is tonic and astringent, and 
has been used as a substitute for Peruvian bark. 

Compound Powder op Willow Bark. 
R. Powdered willow bark 

horsechestnut bark 
gentian 
calamus 

avens root equal parts 

m doses. 
Hufeland. 

Willow Bark Dentiprice. 
R. Powdered willow bark 

charcoal, each, half an ounce 

Extract of myrrh two drachms 

Balsam of Peru half a scruple 

Oil of cinnamon three drops 

Triturate well together. Phoebus. 

Decoction op Willow Bark. 
R . Contused willow 

bark one ounce and a-half 

Water fifteen fl. ounces 

Boil down to one-half. Nieman. 

Ointment op Willow Leaves. 
R. Expressed juice of willow 

leaves two fl. ounces 

Lard sufficient 

Mix, and heat till moisture is driven off. 
Useful as a dressing to foul ulcers. 

Hufeland. 



SALVIA, 

Sage. 



Though many species of Salvia possess an- 
alogous remedial properties, one only is recog- 
nized by the U. S. Ph., — the Salvia officinalis, a 
perennial plant, native of the south of Europe, 
but generally cultivated in our gardens, flower- 
ing in June, at which time it should be collected. 

Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat . Syst. Lamiacese. 

Linn. S. PL 34. Griffith, Med. Bot. 505. 

The leaves are the officinal portion. These 
have a strong, fragrant odor, and a warm, bitter- 
ish, aromatic, somewhat astringent taste. Sage 
is stimulant, with some astringent and tonic 
powers. It is principally used in the composi- 
tion of gargles, and is also said to abate the ex- 
cessive sweats in hectic fever. The dose, in pow- 
der, is from twenty to thirty grains. 

Inpusion op Sage. 
R. Sage half an ounce 

Boiling water two pints 

Infuse for half an hour, and strain. Sugar 



SAMBUCUS-SANGUINARIA. 



359 



and lemon juice may be added, according 
to circumstances. As a drink in fevers. 

Ellis. 
Compound Infusion op Sage. 
R. Sage 

Boneset, each, half an ounce 

Cascarilla one drachm 

Water one pint and a-half 

Infuse till cold, and strain. Dose, a 

wineglassful every three or four hours. 

In hectic fever. Ellis. 

Gargle op Sage. 
R. Infusion of sage one pint 

Diluted sulphuric acid two drachms 
Honey of roses one ounce 

Mix. In relaxation of the uvula, &c. 

Radius. 
R. Infusion of sage two pints 

Tincture of Peruvian bark 
Syrup of mulber- 
ries, each, half a fl. ounce 
Spirit of horseradish one drachm 
Mix. More active than the last. Cadet. 

Vinegar of Sage. 
R. Sage 

Vinegar 
Mix, and distil four parts. 
As a gargle, mixed with water. 



one part 

six parts 

Beral. 



SAMBUCUS. 

Elder. 

The species recognized by the U. S. Ph., is 
the Sambucus Canadensis, which appears to be 
perfectly identical in properties with the Euro- 
pean kind, the S. nigra. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Capri- 
foliacese. 

Willd. Sp. PI. 1494. 

The officinal portion is the flowers, but the 
berries, bark, and leaves are also used. The 
flowers have a faint but peculiar odor when 
dried, and a bitterish taste. They are slightly 
stimulant and diaphoretic. The berries are dia- 
phoretic and laxative ; the bark acts as a hydra- 
gogue purgative, as do also the leaves. 

Elder Flower Water. 

R. Fresh elder flowers ten pounds 

Proof spirit seven fl. ounces 

Water two gallons 

Mix, and distil a gallon. Lond. Ph. 

Principally used as a flavoring ingredient in 

mixtures and emulsions. 

Vineoar op Elder Flowers. 
R . Elder flowers one part 

Vinegar of red wine twelve parts 

Macerate for eight days, express, and fil- 
ter. As a gargle. Soubeiran. 



Gargle op Elder Flowers. 



R. Elder flowers 

Boiling water 
Infuse, strain, and add 

Nitrate of potassa 

Tincture of burnet 

Oxymel 
Mix. 

Extract of Elder Berries. 
R . Elder berries one pound 

Bruise them in a mortar; express the 
juice, and evaporate to due consistence. 

Dub. Ph. 
Has been praised in rheumatic, gouty, 
eruptive affections; in doses of one to 
drachms. 

Mixture of Extract of Elder 



one ounce 
one pint 

half an ounce 

three fl. drachms 

two fl. ounces 

Saunders. 



and 
four 



R. Extract of elder berries 
Pulp of prunes 

Syrup of red poppies, each, two ounces 

Nitrate of potassa one drachm 

Mix. Two or three spoonfuls a-day, in 

asthma. St. Marie. 

Decoction op Elder Bark. 

R. Elder bark three handfuls 

Water two pints 

Boil to one-half. Half a pint, morning 

and evening, in dropsy. Sydenham. 

Ointment of Elder Leaves. 
R. Fresh elder leaves three pounds 

Lard four pounds 

Suet two pounds 

Boil the leaves in the lard till crisp ; ex- 
press ; strain ; add the suet, and melt. 

Dub. Ph. 

As a cooling application. 

Ointment of Elder Flowers. 
R. Elder flowers 

Lard equal parts 

Melt, and continue heat, till all moisture 
is driven off, and express. Beral. 

Used as the last. 



SANGUINARIA. 

Bloodroot. 

This is the rhizome of the Sanguinaria Cana- 
densis, popularly known as bloodroot or puccoon. 
It is a small, herbaceous perennial, flowering at 
the very commencement of the spring, at which 
time the leaf is small, but attains a large size 
during the summer. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. monog. Nat. Syst. Papa- 
vcracese. 

Linn. Sp. Pi. 723. Griffith, Med. Bot. 127. 

The root is horizontal, abrupt, often contorted, 
of a reddish brown color, externally, and of a 



SAPO— SAPO VULGARIS. 



bright orange red within. When dried it is some- 
what flattened, much wrinkled and twisted, of a 
reddish brown color externally, and of a bright 
orange within, becoming brown by exposure. 
The powder is brownish red. It has a faint 
narcotic odor, and a bitterish, acrid taste, which 
is very persistent. It is an acrid emetic, with 
narcotic and stimulant properties. Dose, as an 
emetic, from ten to twenty grains; for other pur- 
poses, from one to five grains. 

Pills of Bloodroot. 

R. Powdered bloodroot one drachm 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and make thirty pills. One to two 

as alterative, &c, five to ten as an emetic. 

Infusion of Bloodroot. 

R. Bloodroot half an ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for two hours. Dose, half to one 

fl. ounce. Beaslcy. 

Tincture of Bloodroot. 
R. Bloodroot, bruised, four ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. U. 8. Ph. 

As emetic, three or four fl. drachms; as ex- 
pectorant, alterative, &c, thirty to sixty drops. 



SAPO. 
Soap. 

Soaps are all combinations of animal or vege- 
table ©ils, with one or more of the alkalies ; they 
are principally used for washing, but some of 
them are officinal. 



SAPO DURUS. 
Hard Soap. 



This is officinal under the name of Sapo, in 
the U. S. and Lond. Phs., and is a combination 
of olive oil and soda. 

Spanish, or Castile Soap. 
This is the officinal soap of the U. S. Ph., 
and presents two varieties, the white and 
the marbled, the first of which only should 
be used. 



SAPO MOLLIS. 

Soft Soap. 

This soap is a combination of olive or other 
vegetable oils and potassa, or animal oils with 
the same alkali. 



SAPO VULGARIS, 

Common Soap, 

Is a hard soap, made from tallow and caustic 



'Besides these officinal soaps, there are many 
others, which are used medicinally, or for cleans- 
ing purposes. 

Almond Soap. 
R. Caustic solution 

of soda one thousand parts 

Oil of almonds 

two thousand one hundred parts 
Mix, and keep the mixture for some days, 
at a temperature of 68° F., stirring from 
time to time, until it acquires the consist- 
ence of a soft paste; place in moulds until 
dry. It should not be used for medicinal 
purposes, until it has been exposed to the 
action of the air for a month or two. 

Par. Cod, 

Beef Marrow Soap. 
R. Purified beef 

marrow five hundred parts 

Caustic solution 

of soda two hundred and fifty parts 
Common salt one hundred parts 

Water one thousand parts 

Put the marrow, with hot water, into a 
porcelain vessel, and heat, until it is melted ; 
then add the solution of caustic soda, by 
degrees, constantly stirring, till saponifica- 
tion is complete; then add the salt, slightly 
stirring, collect the soap which rises, drain 
it, melt it by a gentle heat, pour into moulds, 
and allow it to solidify. Par. Cod, 

Soap of Turpentine. Starkey's Soap. 
R. Dry carbonate of potassa 

Oil of turpentine 

Venice turpentine equal parts 

Triturate the potassa with the oil, and then 
with the turpentine, when the mass has 
attained a proper consistence. Preserve in 
an earthenware vessel. Ratkr. 

Was supposed to be a corrector of the injuri- 
ous effects of opium, hellebore, &c. It is now 
principally given in gonorrhoea and dropsy. 
Dose, eight to ten grains. 

Aromatic Soap. 
R. Concentrated solution of 

soap six ounces 

Oil of bergamot 
lavender 

rosemary, each, two drachms 
Mix. Employed in baths, as tonic and 
antispasmodic. ' Niemann. 

Camphorated Soap. 

R. "White soap sixteen ounces 

Boiling water eight ounces 

Olive oil six ounces 

Powdered camphor one drachm 

Dissolve the soap in the water, evaporate 



gently to the consistence of a soft paste, 
add the camphor incorporated in the oil, 
mix well, and pour into moulds. 

Said to be useful in chaps and excoria- 
tions. Wetzler. 

Cosmetic Soap Powder. 

R. White soap twelve ounces 

Carbonate of potassa two ounces 

Powdered orris root three ounces 

horse-chestnuts two pounds 

Oil of lavender 

bergamot, each, forty drops 

lemon thirty drops 

cloves ten drops 

Sugar half an ounce 

Mix, and form a powder. Niemann. 

Arsenical Soap. 

R. Arsenious acid two pounds 

Carbonate of potassa twelve ounces 

Camphor five ounces 

White soap two pounds 

Powdered lime eight ounces 

Pteduce each to powder, and mix. Used 

as a preservative for specimens of natural 

history against the attacks of insects. 

Known as Beconi's arsenical soap. 

Gannal. 

Saponine. (For cleaning gloves.') 
R. Powdered 

soap two hundred and fifty parts 

Solution of chloride of po- 
tassa one hundred and sixty-five parts 

Solution of ammonia ten parts 

Water one hundred and fifty-five parts 
Mix, and form a paste: a small portion 
rubbed on a glove with a piece of flannel 
will cleanse it. Duvignan. 

Grease Balls. 
R. Fuller's earth two pounds four ounces 

Carbonate of soda 

Soap, each, eight ounces 

Add, 

Yolks of eggs eight 

Well beaten with 

Ox gall eight ounces 

Levigate thoroughly, form into cakes or 
balls, and dry. Lenormand. 

Bolus of Soap. 

R. White soap two scruples 

Oil of caraway two or three drops 

Byrup sufficient 

Mix, and make two boluses. They are 

purgative. Swediaur. 

Pills op Soap. 
R. White soap one hundred and twenty- 
five parts 



SAPO VULGARIS. 361 

Marsh mallow root, 

powdered, sixteen parts 

Nitrate of potassa four parts 

Beat together till well incorporated, and 
divide into four-grain pills. Par. Cod. 

Pills op Soap and Ox Gall. 
R. Powdered white soap two drachms 
Extract of ox gall one drachm 

Mix, and incorporate 

Powdered guaiacum 

Calomel, each, half a drachm 

Powdered guaiacum wood sufficient 
Mix, and make four-grain pills. In gout, 
one to two, morning and evening. 

Vicq. UAzir. 
Compound Soap Pills. 
R. White soap three drachms 

Ammoniac 

Rhubarb, each, one drachm 

Aloes ten grains 

Assafetida 

Saffron, each, thirty-six grains 

Mix, and make three-grain pills. Purga- 
tive and alterative; four to six a-day. 

Recamier. 
Electuary op Soap, &c. 
R. White soap one drachm and a-half 

Venice turpentine one drachm 

Seneka 

Marsh mallow, each, two drachms 

Rob of juniper sufficient 

Mix. Four teaspoonfuls a-day. Yogt. 

Essence of Soap. 
R. White soap twenty-four parts 

Distilled water thirty-two parts 

Alcohol (.923) sixty-four parts 

Carbonate of potassa one part 

Essence of lemons sufficient 

Dissolve the soap in the water and alco- 
hol ; add the potassa and essence, and fil- 
ter. Used for the toilette. Soubeiran. 

Camphorated Essence of Soap. 
R. White soap three parts 

Camphor one part 

Spirit of rosemary sixteen parts 

Dissolve the camphor, and then the soap, 
in the spirit. As an embrocation in 
rheumatic pains, &c. Guibourt. 

Ethereal Solution of Soap. 
R. Beef marrow soap one part 

Acetic ether five parts 

Dissolve by aid of a water-bath. Used 
as an embrocation in rheumatic pains, &c. 

Foy. 
Camphorated Acetic Balsam of Soap. 
R. Common soap 

Camphor, each, one drachm 



362 



SARSAPARILLA. 



Acetic ether one ounce 

Oil of thyme ten drops 

Dissolve the soap in the ether with the 

aid of heat ; add the camphor, then the 

oil, and filter. Used as above. 

Cotter eau. 

Cataplasm op Soap. 
R. Common soap four drachms 

Roasted onion 

Mustard, each, two ounces 

Water sufficient 

Heat together, and mix into a cataplasm. 
As a maturating application to boils, ab- 
scesses, &c. Foy. 

Soap Suppository. 

R. Soap two ounces 

Common salt one ounce 

Honey sufficient 

Mis, and form into conical suppositories, 

and oil them on the surface. Spielmann. 

Clyster op Soap. 

R. Barley water six ounces 

White soap one drachm 

Honey six drachms 

Mix, and dissolve. Brera. 

Soap of Cod Liver Oil. 

R. Cod liver oil two ounces 

Caustic soda two drachms 

Water five drachms 

Dissolve the soda in the water, and mix 

the solution with the oil. 



IODURETTED SOAP OF COD LlVER OlL. 

R . Soap of cod liver oil one ounce 

Iodide of potassium one drachm 

Water one drachm 

Dissolve the iodide in the water, and add 

it to the soap. Deschamps. 

Soap, with Sulphur. 
R. Soap 

Sulphur, each, four ounces 

Oil of bergamot half a drachm 

Water sufficient 

Beat together. As an application in itch. 

Frank. 

Itch Ointment. 
R. Brown soap one ounce 

Common salt 

Sulphur, each, half an ounce 

Alcohol one fl. drachm 

Vinegar two fl. drachms 

Chloride of lime half a drachm 

Rub well together. One-fourth to be 

used night and morning, as a friction. It 

is effectual, cheap, and inoffensive. 

Emory. 



SARSAPARILLA. 

Sarsaparilla. 

This is the officinal name for the roots of 
several species of Smilax found in Mexico and 
various parts of South America. These roots 
are known in commerce by names of the places 
from whence they are shipped, as Honduras, 
Jamaica, Vera Cruz, &c. 

Sarsaparilla, as found in commerce, is in pack- 
ages, composed of dried roots, several feet in 
length, about the thickness of a quill, more or 
less wrinkled, of an ash gray to a dark brown 
color externally, and white to brownish within. 
The odor is slight but peculiar, the taste is at 
first mucilaginous, but finally somewhat acrid. 
It is considered alterative and tonic, but its real 
action is not well understood. The dose, in 
powder, is half a drachm to a drachm, three or 
four times a-day. 

Powder of Sarsaparilla and Peru- 
vian Bark. 
R. Powdered sarsaparilla one ounce 

Peruvian bark three drachms 
Carbonate of soda two drachms 

Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. 
One, thrice a-day, as an alterative. Clinc. 

Infusion of Sarsaparilla. 

R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Digest for two hours, in a covered vessel, 

and strain. U. S. Ph. 

One to four fl. ounces, three times a-day. 

Alkaline Infusion of Sarsaparilla. 
R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, twelve ounces 

Liquorice root, 

bruised, one ounce and a-half 

Solution of 

potassa one fl. ounce and a-half 

Boiling water five pints and a-half 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, and strain. 
Dose, from eight fl. ounces to one pint daily. 
As alterative. St. Geo. Hosp. 

Decoction of Sarsaparilla. 
R. Sliced sarsaparilla five ounces 

Boiling distilled water four pints 

Macerate for four hours in a covered ves- 
sel, remove sarsaparilla, bruise it, return 
it to liquor, and macerate for two hours, 
and boil down to two pints, then strain. 
Lond. Ph. 
Dose, four to six fl. ounces a-day. 

Compound Decoction of Sarsaparilla. 
R. Sarsaparilla, sliced, six ounces 

Bark of sassafras, sliced, 

Guaiacuni wood, rasped 

Liquorice root, bruised, 

each, one ounce 

Mezereon, sliced, three drachms 

Water four pints 



SARSAPARILLA. 



Boil for a quarter of an hour, and strain. 
U. S. Ph. 

As an alterative and diaphoretic, in secondary 
syphilis, cutaneous affections, &c. Dose, four to 
six fl. ounces, a-day. 

Feltz's Decoction op Sarsaparilla. 



R. Sarsaparilla 



three ounces 
half an ounce 



a, bruised 
Isinglass 
Crude antimony (tied 

in a rag) three drachms 

Water five pints 

Boil to two pints and a-half, and strain 



Vinache's Decoction oe Sarsaparilla. 
R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, 

China root, bruised, 

Guaiacum wood, rasped, 

each, one ounce and a-half 

Crude antimony (in a rag) two ounces 

Water six pints 

Macerate for twelve hours, boil to three 
pints, and add 

Sassafras bark, sliced, 

Senna, each, half an ounce 

Infuse for an hour, strain, let settle, and 
decant. Foy. 

Lisbon Diet Drink. 

R. Guaiacum wood, rasped, one ounce 
Sarsaparilla, bruised, three ounces 
Mezereon, sliced, half an ounce 

Crude antimony (in a rag) two ounces 
Water twelve pints 

Boil down to eight pints, and add 
Red saunders, rasped, 
White sandal, rasped, 

each, three ounces 

Rose wood, rasped, 

Sassafras bark, sliced, each, one ounce 
Liquorice root, sliced, half an ounce 

Infuse for four hours, strain, and add syrup 

according to taste. Foy. 

Dose, a pint to two pints a-day. 

R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, four ounces 

Dried walnut peel four ounces 

Guaiacum, rasped, one ounce and a-half 
Crude antimony (in a rag) half an ounce 
Water four pints 

Boil down to three pints. Pearson. 

Zittman's Decoction. 
R . Sarsaparilla, bruised, twelve ounces 
Spring water fifty-six pints 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, and in- 
troduce, tied up in a rag. 

Styptic powder (four parts alum 

and one of kino) one ounce and a-half 
Calomel half an ounce 



Cinnabar one drachm 

Boil down to eighteen pints, and add 

Aniseed 

Fennel seed, each, half an ounce 

Senna three ounces 

Liquorice root one ounce and a-half 
Strain, and put aside as strong decoction. 
Add to the residue 

Sarsaparilla, bruised, six ounces 

Spring water fifty-six pints 

Boil down to eighteen pints, and add 

Lemon peel 

Cinnamon 

Cardamoms 

Liquorice root, each, three drachms 
Strain, and label, Weak decoction. To be 
given freely in the treatment of syphilitic 
and cutaneous affections, in chronic rheu- 
matism, &c. 

Jauperand's Decoction 
R. Bruised sarsaparilla 
China root 

Crude antimony, each, 

Carbonate of potassa 

Senna 

Sassafras, sliced, each, 

Rhubarb 

Peruvian bark, each, 

Water 

Boil by a gentle fire for eight hours, till 
twelve pints of decoction are obtained. 
Let stand for some time, and strain. Ad- 
vised in scrofula, two fl. ounces, three 
times a-day. Bories. 

Extract op Sarsaparilla. 
R. Sarsaparilla, in coarse 

powder, one pound 

Diluted alcohol four pints 

Proceed as directed for alcoholic extract 

of aconite. U. S. Ph. and Par. God. 

Dose, from ten to twenty grains, three or four 

times a-day. 

Fluid Extract op Sarsaparilla. 
R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, sixteen ounces 
Liquorice root, bruised, 
Guaiacum wood, rasped, 
Sassafras bark, sliced, each, two ounces 
Mezereon, sliced, six drachms 

Diluted alcohol, eight pints 

Digest for fourteen days, strain, express, 
and filter. Evaporate in water-bath to 
twelve fl. ounces, add eight ounces of sugar, 
and remove from fire when this is dis- 
solved. Dose, one fl. drachm, three or 
four times a-day. IK Hodgson. 

Essence op Sarsaparilla. 
R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, ten ounces 



two ounces 
one drachm 



half an ounce 
sufficient 



364 



SARSAPARILLA. 



Distilled water sis pints 

Macerate at a temperature of 120° for six 
hours, and strain ; repeat with same quan- 
tity of water. Mix the liquors, evaporate 
in china vessels, at 160°. 

If reduced to ten fl. ounces (or to nine 
fl. ounces, with one fl. ounce of spirit 
added), one fl. drachm mixed with seven 
fl. drachms, is equal to the decoction of 
usual strength. If reduced to five fl. 
ounces, one fl. drachm is equal to two fl. 
ounces of decoction. Hming. 

R. Alcoholic extract of sarsa- 

parilla one pound 

Sherry wine three pints 

Dissolve and filter. Half a fl. ounce to 

one fl. ounce, mixed with a quart of water, 

is equal to the decoction. Beral. 

Compound Essence of Sarsaparilla. 
R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, eight ounces 
Boiling water sufficient 

to exhaust the root, by successive macera- 
tions; unite the liquors, and evaporate to 
ten fl. ounces ; strain, and add, when cool, 
Alcohol (.842) 
Tincture of guaia- 

cum, each, four fl. drachms 

White wine one fl. ounce 

Essence of sassafras twelve drops 

Extract of liquorice two drachms 

Filter. Dose, a spoonful, morning and 

evening, in some convenient vehicle. 

Cadet. 

Syrup of Sarsaparilla. 
R. Sarsaparilla, sliced, fifteen ounces 
Boiling water one gallon 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down 
to four pints, strain, and add 

Sugar fifteen ounces 

And evaporate to proper consistence. 

Lond. Ph. 
R. Alcoholic extract of 

sarsaparilla six ounces 

Water four pints 

Dissolve by means of a water-bath, strain, 
and add 

Sugar eight pounds 

Dissolve whilst hot. Beral. 

Each fl. ounce is equal to fifteen grains of the 
extract. 

Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla. 
R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, two pounds 

Guaiacum wood, rasped, three ounces 
Hundred-leaved roses 
Senna 
Liquorice root, 

bruised, each ; two ounces 



Oil of sassafras 

Oil of anise, each, five minims 

Oil of partridgeberry three minims 

Diluted alcohol ten pints 

Sugar eight pounds 

Macerate the first five ingredients in the 

alcohol for fourteen days, express, and 

filter; evaporate the tincture to four pints, 

filter, add the sugar, and form a syrup; 

then, having rubbed the oils with a little 

of the syrup, mix well with the remainder. 

U. S. Ph. 

R. Sarsaparilla two pounds 

Bittersweet 

Pipsissewa, each, half a pound 

Guaiacum 

Liquorice root, each, four ounces 

Sassafras 

Partridgeberry leaves, each, two ounces 
Sugar twelve pounds 

Reduce the ingredients to a coarse powder, 
macerate them in diluted alcohol, 18° B. 
for two days, put in a displacement appara- 
tus, and displace slowly until two gallons of 
liquid have passed. Evaporate on a water- 
bath till reduced to six pints, then add the 
sugar, and form a syrup. Staples. 

Dose, half a fl. ounce, three or four times a-day. 

Syrup of Laffecteur. 
R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, 

Marsh reed grass, each, thirty ounces 

Borage flowers eight ounces 

Senna 

White roses, each, two ounces 

Sugar 

Honey, each, six pounds 

Water eighteen pints 

Boil the first two ingredients in half the 
water for an hour, strain off the decoction, 
and repeat the process with the remainder 
of the water, and boil two hours; towards 
close, add the senna, rose leaves, and bo- 
rage, strain, mix the decoctions, add the 
sugar and honey, and boil to the consist- 
ence of syrup. Dose, six tablespoonfuls, 
early in the morning. Ellis. 

R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, nine pounds 

Guaiacum wood, rasped, 

China root, bruised, each, six pounds 

Yellow Peruvian bark, 

bruised, three pounds 

Macerate for twenty-four hours in 

Water one hundred and forty pints 
Boil down to one-third, express, and strain. 
Repeat twice, with same proportions of 
water; strain, unite the three decoctions, 
add 

Purified molasses thirty pounds 



SASSAFRAS— SCAMMONIUM. 



Evaporate to the consistence of syrup, and 

pour, boiling, on 

Sassafras, rasped, five pounds 

Aniseed four ounces 

Borage flowers one pound and a-half 

Finally, strain. Cadet. 

One to three ounces a-day, in syphilitic and 

cutaneous disorders. 

Syrup of Gesnouin. 

R. Syrup of sarsaparilla four pounds 

senna three ounces 

Extract of borage five ounces 

Conserve of elder berries one ounce 

Mix, with heat. Four to six spoonfuls, 

early in the morning, using the infusion 

of sarsaparilla for drink. Foy. 

Sarsaparilla Beer. 
R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, two pounds 

Bark of guaiacum, 

powdered, eight ounces 

Guaiacum wood, rasped, 
Anise seeds 

Liquorice root, each, four ounces 

Mezereon, bark of root, two ounces 

Molasses two pounds 

Cloves, bruised, twelve 

Boiling water four gallons 

Shake, thrice a-day. Let ferment; when 

fully fermented, to be taken in doses of a 

small tumblerful, two or three times a-day. 

Hancock. 



SASSAFRAS. 
Sassafras. 

Two parts of the Sassafras, Laurus sassafras 
(Sassafras officinale), are officinal; the pith of 
the young branches and the bark of the root. 

Sassafras is a medium-sized tree, found in most 
parts of the United States, growing in woods and 
open places, flowering before the appearance of 
the leaves. 

Sex. Syst. Enneand. monog. Nat. Syst. Laur- 
acese. 

Nees. PI. Med. i. 131. Griffith, Med.Bot. 551. 

The pith is in slender, cylindrical pieces, very 
spongy and light, with a mucilaginous and some- 
what aromatic taste, affording a clear mucilage 
on the addition of water. The bark is in small 
fragments, of a reddish brown color, brittle, of a 
fragrant odor, and a pleasant aromatic taste. It 
is stimulant and diaphoretic. 

Infusion of Sassafras Bark. 
R. Sassafras bark half an ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for six hours, and strain. As a 
stimulating diaphoretic. Niemann. 

Compound Infusion of Sassafras 

Bark. 

R. Sassafras bark half an ounce 



Liquorice root two drachms 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse. One-half, morning and evening. 

In scrofulous complaints. Hufeland. 

Mucilage of Sassafras Pith. 
R. Sassafras pith one drachm 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse, and strain. As a soothing applica- 
tion in ophthalmia, and as a demulcent 
drink in diseases of the bowels, lungs, and 
bladder. Wood. 

Tincture of Sassafras. 

R. Sassafras, sliced, one part 

Alcohol six parts 

Macerate for three days, express, and filter. 

Dose, one fl. drachm. Beral. 

Compound Tincture of Sassafras. 

R. Sassafras, bruised, four ounces 

Sage two ounces 

Nutmeg, bruised, one ounce 

Cinnamon, bruised, half an ounce 

Star anise three drachms 

Alcohol two pints 

Macerate for three days, express, and filter. 

Wurt. Ph. 

As a stomachic and carminative. 

Oil of Sassafras. 
R. Bruised sassafras at will 

Water sufficient 

Distil, and collect the oil which sinks to 
the bottom of the product. Guibourt. 

Dose, two to ten drops, as carminative and 
stimulant. 



SCAMMONIUM. 

SCAMMONY. 



This is the concrete juice of the root of Con- 
volvulus scammonia, a twining perennial plant, 
a native of Syria. It has a large, succulent root, 
affording a milky juice, which concretes by ex- 
posure to the air. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Con- 
volvulacece. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 218. Griffith, Med. Bot. 477. 

The best scammony is light, resinous when 
broken, friable, not effervescing with an acid, of 
various shades of color, from dark ash to dark 
olive; forming an emulsion with water. The 
odor is peculiar and unpleasant, the taste is bit- 
terish and acrid. It is an active purgative, caus- 
ing pain, and usually operating with harshness 
when given alone, but much milder in combina- 
tion. The dose is from five to fifteen grains. 

Powder of Scammony and Cremor 
Tartar. 
R. Powdered scammony 

Cremor tartar equal parts 

Mix. Ed. Ph. 

Dose, fifteen to thirty grains. 



SCAMMONIUM. 



Powder of Scammony and Soot. 

R. Powdered scammony one drachm 

Soot one drachm and a-half 

Powdered resin two drachms 

Mis. Dose, twenty to thirty grains. 

Beaslcy. 

Compound Powder of Scammony. 
R. Scammony 

Hard extract of jalap, each, two ounces 

Ginger half an ounce 

Rub separately into fine powder, and mix. 

Dose, ten to twenty grains. Lond. Ph. 

Pills of Scammony. 
R. Powdered scammony fifteen grains 

Sugar ten grains 

Rub together, and add 

Oil of caraway four minims 

Pills of Scammony and Ox Gall. 

R. Powdered scammony two drachms 

Ox gall three drachms 

Extract of gentian half an ounce 

Mix, and make one hundred and sixty-two 

pills. Dose, four to six a-day. Cadet. 

Compound Pills of Scammony. 
R. Powdered scammony 
Extract of henbane 
Powdered gamboge 
Compound extract of colocynth 
Soap, each, twelve grains 

Water sufiicient 

Beat into mass, and form twelve pills. 
Dose, two to three. Guy's Hosp. 

Confection of Scammony. 
R. Powdered scam- 
mony one ounce and a-half 
Cloves, bruised, 

Powdered ginger, each, six drachms 
Oil of caraway half fl. drachm 

Syrup of roses sufiicient 

Rub the dry ingredients into fine powder, 
add syrup, and rub well; then the oil of 
caraway, and mix. Dose, twenty to forty 
grains. Eub. Ph. 

R. Powdered scammony 

jalap, each, two drachms 

squill one drachm and a-half 

resin of jalap half a drachm 

Syrup of buckthorn sufiicient 

Mix, and form confection. A hydragogue, 

in dose of ten grains to a scruple. Foy. 

Extract or Resin of Scammony. 
R. Scammony, in fine powder, at will 
Boil in successive portions of proof spirit, 
till the spirit ceases to dissolve anything, 
filter, distil off the spirit, pour off the 
watery solution from the resin, wash this 



well with boiling water, dry in a heat not 
above 240°. Ed, Ph. 

Dose, five to ten grains. 

Emulsion of Scammony. 

R. Resin of scammony seven grains 

Milk three fl. ounces 

Triturate the resin with a little of the 

milk, and gradually add the rest. Ed. Ph. 

The whole at a dose. 

Compound Emulsion of Scammony. 

R. Scammony seven grains 

Sugar two drachms 

Triturate, and add gradually 

New milk three fl. ounces 

Cherry laurel water three or four drops 

for a dose. Blanche. 

Scammony Mixture. 
R. Resin of scammony twelve grains 
Spirit of rosemary one fl. drachm 

Orange-flower water 
Syrup of peach 

flowers, each, one fl. ounce 

Mix. Cadet. 

Scammony Oil. 

R. Powdered scammony one scruple 

Oil of almonds one ounce 

Rub well together. Dose, half an ounce. 

Van Mom. 

Elixir of Scammony. 
R. Scammony two drachms 

Proof spirit eight fl. ounces 

Heat, and then set fire to the spirit, and 
add 

Sugar four ounces 

When it is dissolved, extinguish the flame, 
and add 

Syrup of violets two fl. ounces 

Filter. It will give twelve ounces, con- 
taining twelve grains of scammony to the 
ounce. Guibourt. 

Soap of Scammony. 
R. Scammony one drachm 

Soap two drachms 

Alcohol ('874) two fl. ounces 

Dissolve by means of a water-bath. 

Guibourt. 

Purgative Pastilles. 

R. Scammony six grains 

Tincture of senna forty drops 

Carbonate of magnesia five scruples 

White sugar eight scruples 

Powdered liquorice eight grains 

Gum tragacanth five grains 

Oil of aniseed one drop 

Syrup of violets sufiicient 

to make eight pastilles. These are known 



SCILLA. 



367 



as Pastilles de SantS, and are useful in 
cases of acid eructation and flatulence. 
One or two, taken early in the morning, 
act as a laxative; by repeating the dose 
every quarter of an hour, full purgation 
ensues. Delvincourt. 

Purgative Chocolate. 
R. Chocolate five drachms 

Scammony resin six grains 

Calomel (hydrosub- 

limate) one and a-half grains 

Sugar half a drachm 

Triturate together in a mortar the scam- 
mony and sugar, then add the calomel, 
and, when thoroughly mixed, add the choco- 
late, previously softened by the heat of a 
water-bath. Make into forms. To be 
taken dry, and followed by some bland 
liquid. Mialhe. 

SCILLA, 

Squill, 

Is the bulb of Scilla maritima, a perennial 
plant, growing on the seacoast of the countries 
bordering on the Mediterranean. The bulb is 
large, pyriform, and tunicated ; there are two 
varieties, the red and the white, but identical in 
their medical qualities. 

Sex, Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lili- 
acse. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 442. Griffith, Med. Bot. 652. 

The bulb is sliced and dried for use, in this 
state : it is in white, or yellowish-white, semi- 
transparent pieces, which are flexible when 
moist, but brittle when dry; of a mucilaginous, 
bitter taste, but scarcely any odor. 

Squill is expectorant, diuretic, and in large 
doses emetic, and even purgative. Dose, as 
diuretic or expectorant, one grain two or three 
times a-day ; as emetic, six to twelve grains. 

Powder of Squill and Nitre. 
R. Powdered squill six grains 

nitre one drachm 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
three times a-day, in sugar and water. 
As a diuretic. Ellis. 

Powder op Squill and Ipecacuanha. 

R. Powdered squill twelve grains 

ipecacuanha 

twenty-four grains 
Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
every two hours in chronic catarrh. Foij. 

Powder op Squill and Cremor 

Tartar. 

R . Powdered squill one drachm 

Cremor tartar nine drachms 

Mix. Twenty to thirty grains, two or 

three times a-day, as a diuretic. 

Guy's Hospt. 



Powder op Squill and Sulphur. 

R. Powdered squill one part 

Flowers of sulphur two parts 

Powdered sugar three parts 

Mix. Dose, from five to twenty grains, 

according to age, in catarrhs. Guibourt. 

Powder of Squill and Calomel. 
R. Powdered squill three grains 

Calomel 

Powdered gamboge, each, half a grain 
Mix. To be taken in the evening. As a 
diuretic. A. Cooper. 

Compound Powder of Squill. 
R. Powdered squill 

foxglove, each, one grain 
Oil of juniper two drops 

Borate of soda 

Powdered liquorice, each, one scruple 

Powdered cinnamon two grains 

Mix. To be repeated, two or three times 

a-day, as a diuretic. Radius. 

R. Powdered squill 

foxglove, each, five grains 

Resin of jalap six grains 

Acetate of potassa thirty grains 

Sulphate of soda two drachms 

Mix. To be taken early in the morning, 

as a purgative and diuretic. Bories. 

Pills of Squill and Calomel. 
R. Calomel 

Powdered squill, each, twelve grains 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and form twelve pills. One, night 

and morning. In dropsy, arising from 

visceral derangement. Ellis. 

Pills op Squill and Ammoniac. 

R. Powdered squill thirty grains 

Ammoniac one drachm and a-half 

Extract of hemlock thirty grains 

Mix, and form thirty pills ; two, twice 

a-day. In asthma and chronic catarrh. 

Ellis. 
Pills of Squill and Croton Oil. 
R. Compound squill pill two scruples 
extract of colocynth 

two scruples 

Croton oil six minims 

Mix, and form eighteen pills. Three, 

twice a-week, in dropsy. Selwyn. 

Pills of Squill and Ipecacuanha. 

R . Powdered squill half an ounce 

ipecacuanha two drachms 

Extract of opium fifteen grains 

Butter of cocoa one ounce 

Syrup of gum sufficient 

Beat together, and make pills of four 



SCILLA. 



grains. One, three times a-day, as an 
expectorant. Cadet. 

R. Powdered squill twelve grains 

ipecacuanha twelve grains 

Extract of dandelion three scruples 

Blue pill ten grains 

Simple syrup sufficient 

Mix, and make twenty-four pills. Two, 

to be taken morning and evening, in 

dropsy. Ainslie. 

Pills of Squill and Henbane. 

R . Powdered squill half a drachm 

Extract of henbane two scruples 

Myrrh one drachm and a-half 

Water sufficient 

Beat together, and make thirty pills. Two, 

morning and evening, as expectorant. 

Paris. 

Compound Pills of Squill. 
R. Calomel three grains 

Recent squill 

Ammoniac, each, one scruple 

Dover's powder half a drachm 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Make mass, and divide into thirty pills. 
One, three or four times a-day. In trouble- 
some catarrh. Latham. 

R. Powdered squill half a drachm 

Calomel twenty-four grains 

Tartar emetic six grains 

Powdered opium eighteen grains 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Beat together, and make twenty-four pills. 

One at night, in catarrh. Ellis. 

R. Powdered squill one drachm 

ginger _ 

ammoniac, each, two drachms 
Soap three drachms 

Syrup sufficient 

Beat into mass, and form one hundred and 

twenty pills. U. S. Ph. 

Five to ten grains, three or four times a-day, 

as a stimulant expectorant. 

R. Powdered squill fifteen grains 

ammoniac one drachm and 
a-half 
seneka two drachms 

Golden sulph. of anti- 
mony half a drachm 
Extract of dandelion sufficient 
Mix, and make pills of two grains. Di- 
uretic. Berends. 

R. Powdered squill twenty-four grains 
Calomel sixteen grains 

Soap one drachm and a half 

Gralbanum two drachms 



Extract of dan- 
delion three drachrns and a-half 
Essence of orange sufficient 

Mix, and make pills of two grains. Three 
or four a-day, as purgative and diuretic. 
Pideret. 

Compound Syrup of Squill. 
R. Bruised squill 

seneka, each, four ounces 

Tartar emetic forty-eight grains 

Water four pints 

Sugar three pounds and a-half 

Pour the water on the squill and seneka, 

boil to one-half, strain, and add the sugar; 

evaporate to three pints, and, whilst hot, 

add the tartar emetic. U. S. Ph. 

R. Squill 

Seneka, in coarse 

powder, each, four ounces 

Tartar emetic forty-eight grains 

Alcohol half a pint 

Water sufficient 

Sugar three pounds and a-half 

Mix the alcohol with two pints and a-half 
of the water, and macerate the squill and 
seneka in the mixture for twenty-four 
hours. Put the whole into a displacement 
apparatus, and add as much water as may 
be necessary to obtain three pints of fil- 
tered liquor. Boil this for a few minutes, 
evaporate to one-half, and strain, then add 
the sugar, and evaporate to three pints; 
lastly, dissolve the tartar emetic in the 
syrup, whilst hot. U. S. Ph. 

Known as Hive syrup. Dose, as expectorant, 
twenty to thirty drops, for adult; for children, 
five to ten drops; in croup, ten drops to a fl. 
drachm, repeated till it vomits. 

R. Extract of seneka and squill one pound 
Clarified honey, at 160°, six pounds 
Mix, and add 

Tartar emetic sixteen grains 

to each sixteen fl. ounces of the syrup. 

Echy. 
R. Oxymel of 

squill one fl. ounce and a-half 

Syrup of ipecacuanha 

poppies, each, two fl. ounces 
orange-flowers half an ounce 
Mix. Dose, half to one fl. ounce in hoop- 
ing-cough. Cadet. 

Wine of Squill. 

R. Squill one ounce 

White wine sixteen fl. ounces 

Macerate for twelve days, express, and 

filter. Par. Cod. 



SCILLA. 



Compound "Wine of Squill. 
R. Bruised squill one ounce 

orange peel 

calamus, each, three drachms 

juniper berries two drachms 

White wine four pints 

Macerate for three days, express, filter, 

and add 

Oxymel of squills two fl. ounces 

R. Dried squill, bruised, 
Rhubarb 

Juniper berries, each, one drachm 
Cinnamon three drachms 

Zedoary two drachms 

Carbonate of 

potassa one drachm and a-half 

"White wine two pints 

Macerate, express, and filter, Dose, two 

to four small wineglassfuls a-day, as a 

diuretic. Taddei. 

Bitter Wine op Squill. 
R. Squill 

Root of swallow- 
wort, each, half an ounce 

Peruvian bark 

Winter's bark 

Lemon peel, each, two ounces 

Angelica half an ounce 

Wormwood 

Balm, each, one ounce 

Juniper berries 

Mace, each, half an ounce 

White wine eight pints 

Digest by a gentle heat, for four days, ex- 
press, and filter. As a diuretic, in doses 
of one to three fl. ounces. Cottereau. 

Tincture of Squill. 
R. Squill four ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, as diuretic or expectorant, twenty to 
forty drops. 

Alkaline Tincture op Squill. 

R. Squill two ounces 

Solution of potassa two fl. drachms 
Diluted alcohol twelve fl. ounces 

Macerate for three days, express, and filter. 
Van Mons. 

Tincture of Squill and Elaterium. 
R. Tincture of squill 
Vinegar of colchi- 

cum, each, two fl. drachms 

Spirit of nitric ether one fl. ounce 

Extract of elaterium one grain 

Mix. Dose, fifteen minims to one fl. 

drachm. St. Bart. Hosp. 

24 



Compound Tincture op Squill and 
Benzoin. 
R. Squill 
Orris root 

Elecampane, each, twenty-five drachms 
Benzoin two drachms 

Liquorice root 
Aniseed 

Myrrh, each, four scruples 

Gum ammoniac two scruples 

Saffron eighteen grains 

Diluted alcohol one pint, six fl. ounces 
Macerate for fifteen days, express, and fil- 
ter. Celebrated as Wedel's elixir. Dose, 
forty to sixty drops, in catarrh, asthma, &c. 

Cadet. 

Ethereal Tincture of Squill. 
R. Squill one ounce and a-half 

Muriatic ether 

Spirit of juniper, each, half a pound 

Water sufficient 

Distil one pound. Dose, ten to twenty 
drops in water, as a diuretic. Augmtin. 

Mixture of Syrup of Squills, &c. 

R. Syrup of squill half fl. ounce 

Paregoric elixir two fl. drachms 

Antimonial wine one fl. drachm 

Powdered gum Arabic half a drachm 

Distilled water three fl. ounces 

Mix. A teaspoonful, every two or three 

hours, as expectorant; suited to children. 

Ellis. 

R. Syrup of squill 

Peppermint water, each, two fl. ounces 

Paregoric elixir 

Compound spirit of 

lavender, each, half fl. ounce 

Syrup one fl. ounce 

Mix. A spoonful, three or four times a- 
day. A valuable expectorant. Christison. 

Mixture op Oxymel of Squill and 

Valerian. 

R. Powdered valerian two drachms 

Oxymel of squill one fl. ounce 

Laudanum twenty drops 

Water one fl. ounce 

Mix. A teaspoonful, every hour, after an 

emetic in croup. Kimbel. 

Mixture of Extract op Squill and 

Rhubarb. 

R. Extract of squill sixteen grains 

Liquid acetate of potassa half an ounce 

Parsley water four fl. ounces 

Syrup of rhubarb one fl. ounce 

Mix. As a diuretic Radius., 



370 SCILLA. 

— ♦ — 
Mixture of Oxymel of Squill and 
Ammoniac. 
R. Oxymel of squill six fl. drachms 

Gum ammoniac one drachm 

Extract of elecam- 
pane twenty-four grains 
Syrup of hyssop six fl. drachms 
Hyssop water four fl. ounces 
Mix. A spoonful every hour, as an ex- 
pectorant. Foy. 

Mixture of Vinegar of Squill. 

R. Vinegar of squill one fl. drachm 

Barley water five fl. ounces 

Syrup of saffron one fl. ounce 

Mix. A tablespoonful, three or four times 

a-day, in troublesome cough. Ainslie. 

Mixture of Vinegar of Squill and 

Ammonia. 
R. Vinegar of squill two fl. drachms 

Solution of acetate of ammonia 
Compound spirit of horse- 
radish, each, one fl. ounce and a-half 
Diluted pimento 

water four fl. ounces and a-half 

Mix. Dose, two fl. ounces, three times 
a-day. As a diuretic. St. Bart. Ifoxp. 

Mixture of Oxymel of Squill and 
Ipecacuanha. 

R. Ipecacuanha one drachm and a-half 
Lemon peel two drachms 

Cremor tartar half an ounce 

Water four fl. ounces 

Boil, strain, and add 

Oxymel of squill half a fl. ounce 

Mix well, as an expectorant. Cadet. 

Mixture of Oxymel of Squill and 

Marsh Mallow. 
R. Oxymel of squill 

Syrup of marsh mallow 
Mucilage of gum Arabic equal parts 
Mix. As expectorant, in spoonful doses. 

Foy. 
Emulsion with Squill. 
R. Oil of almonds 
Mucilage of gum 

Arabic, each, one fl. ounce 

Wine of squill eight fl. scruples 

ipecacuanha four fl. scruples 
Syrup of tolu two fl. ounces 

Water of hyssop four fl. ounces 

Water eight fl. ounces 

Make an emulsion. Beral. 

Ointment of Squill. 
R. Squill three ounces 

Solution of potassa sufficient 

Reduce to mucilage by boiling, and add 



Lard 
to form an ointment, 
dolent tumors. 



sufficient 

As friction to in- 

Hvfeland. 

Compound Ointment of Squill. 
R. Fresh squill 
Root of blue iris 

male fern, each, six ounces 
Juice of elaterium two pounds 

bryony three pounds 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil, ex- 
press, and evaporate to soft consistence, 
and add 

White wax fifteen ounces 

Oil of mucilage four pounds 

Mix. As a resolvent application. 

Saxon Ph. 

Extract of Squill. 
R. Squill one pound 

Proof spirit four pints 

Macerate for some days, express, strain 
and filter; digest the residue with two 
pints of spirit, express, strain, and filter. 
Distil off the spirit, and evaporate to pro- 
per consistence. Dose, one to three grains. 
Par. Cod. 

Electuary of Squill. 

R. Oxymel of squill two fl. ounces 

Cremor tartar three ounces 

Mix. Dose, two drachms. Beasley. 

R. Powder of squill and nitre 
Gum ammoniac 

Tartrate of potassa, each, two drachms 
Muriate of ammonia one scruple 

Syrup of cinnamon sufficient 

Mix. Dose, two drachms, three times 

a-day, in dropsy. Radius. 

Vinegar of Squill. 
R. Bruised squill four ounces 

Distilled vinegar two pints 

Alcohol one fl. ounce 

Macerate the squill with the vinegar in a 
close glass vessel for seven days, express, 
and let settle, pour off the clear liquid, 
and add alcohol. U. S. Ph. 

Diuretic and expectorant. Dose, thirty minims 
to a fl. drachm. 

Oxymel of Squill. 

R . Vinegar of squill two pints 

Clarified honey three pounds 

Mix, and evaporate by water-bath to the 

proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one to two fl. drachms. 

Syrup of Squill. 
R . Vinegar of squill one pint 

Sugar two pounds 



SCOPARIUS— SENEGA. 



371 



Mix, and form syrup. TJ. S. Ph. 

As expectorant. Dose, about a fl. drachm. 

Aromatic Syrup op Squill. 
R. Vinegar of squill half a pound 

Syrup of cinnamon 

ginger, each, one pound 
Mix. As a stimulating expectorant. 

Swediaur. 



SCOPARIUS. 
Broom. 

This is the fresh tops of the Cytisus scoparius, 
a shrub, native of many parts of Europe, and 
cultivated in this country, with numerous, bright 
yellow flowers. 

Sex. Syst. Diadel. decand. Nat. Syst. Faba- 
ceae. 

Link. Enum. ii. 241. Griffith. Med. Bot. 233. 

The officinal portion is the tops of the branches, 
but the seeds are also used. The branches have 
a bitter, nauseous taste, and a strong, peculiar 
odor. It is diuretic and cathartic, and even 
emetic, and has been advantageously used in 
dropsy. 

Infusion of Broom. 

R. Broom tops one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Digest for four hours in a covered vessel, 

and strain. Lond. Ph. 

Dose, two to fourfl. ounces, three times a-day. 

Decoction of Broom. 

R. Broom tops 

Juniper tops, each, half an ounce 

Cremor tartar three drachms 

Water one pint and a-half 

Boil down to a pint, and strain. Ed. Ph. 

Compound Decoction of Broom. 
R. Broom tops 
Juniper berries 

Dandelion root, each, half an ounce 
Water one pint and a-half 

Boil down to a pint, and strain. 

Lond. Ph. 
Dose, same as infusion. 

Extract of Broom. 
R. Tops of broom at will 

Boil, in eight times their weight in water, 
down to one-half; express, let settle, and 
strain. Evaporate by vapor-bath to proper 
consistence. Dub. Ph. 

Dose, a scruple to a drachm. 

Conserve of Broom. 
R. Broom flowers one part 

Sugar two parts 

Rub together. Dose, a drachm to two 
drachms, in gout, rheumatism, &c. 

Van 3Ions. 



SCROPHULARIA NODOSA. 
Figwort. 

A semi-aquatic plant, native of many parts of 
Europe, flowering in July. 

Sex. Syst. Didyn. angios. Nat. Syst. Scrophu- 
lariacese. 

Linn. Sp. PL 863. Griffith, Med. Bot. 518. 

The leaves are the officinal part; they have a 
rank, unpleasant odor, and a bitter, disagreeable 
taste. They have been used as tonic, diuretic, 
and anthelmintic, but are principally used as an 
external discutient application. 

Ointment of Figwort. 
R. Fresh leaves of figwort 

Prepared lard, each, two drachms 

suet one pound 

Boil till the leaves are crisp, express, and 

strain. Pub. Ph. 

As an application to piles, painful swellings, 

and cutaneous eruptions. 

Oil of Figwort. 

R. Leaves of figwort three part* 

Olive oil one part 

Infuse, express, and strain. Used as above. 

Van Mon&. 



SENEGA. 

Seneka. 

The officinal name for the root of Poly gala 
senega, a native, perennial plant, found in most 
parts of the United States, on hill sides and dry 
woods, flowering from June to August. 

Sex. Syst. Diadel. octand. Nat. Syst. Poly- 
galacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 990. Griffith, Med. Bot. 225. 

The root is contorted, knotted, tapering, branch- 
ed, with a ridge or carima. It has a thick, re- 
sinous, grayish yellow, cortical portion, which 
only is active. It has a peculiar, but unpleasant 
odor; and a mucilaginous, sweetish taste, which 
becomes acrid and irritating. Its action is very 
various, being emetic, sudorific, diuretic, and ex- 
pectorant, and even emmenagogue and purgative. 
It is principally used as a stimulating expector- 
ant and diuretic. The dose, in powder, is from 
ten to twenty grains, but it is seldom given in 
this form. 

Compound Powder of Seneka. 

R . Powdered seneka half an ounce 

Cremor tartar six drachms 

Magnesia two drachms 

Mix. A teaspoonful, twice a-day, in pan- 

nus of the eye. Radius. 

Pills of Seneka. 
R. Powdered seneka six drachms 

Extract of dandelion sufficient 

Mix, and make pills of two or three 
grains. Six to twelve, three times a-day, 
in hypopyon and pannus. Radius, 



372 SENEGA. 

Infusion of Seneka. 

R. Seneka ten drachms 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for four hours in a covered vessel, 

and strain. Ed. Ph. 

Dose, one to three fl. ounces. 

Compound Infusion of Seneka. 
R. Seneka two drachms 

Boiling water six fl. ounces 

Infuse, strain, and add 

Syrup of tolu one fl. ounce 

Ammoniac half a drachm 

Mix well. A tahlespoonful, every two 
hours. In catarrh. Ellis. 

Decoction of Seneka. 
R. Seneka, bruised, one ounce 

Water one pint and a-half 

Boil down to one pint, and strain. 

U. S. Ph. 

Dose, a tablespoonful, every three hours. 

R. Seneka, bruised, one ounce 

Liquorice root half an ounce 

Distilled water one pint and a-half 
Boil down to a pint, and strain. Dose, a 
tablespoonful, in pectoral diseases. Ellis. 
R. Bruised seneka one ounce 

Orange peel sufficient 

Water one pint 

Simmer by a slow fire, till reduced one- 
third; add orange peel; cover till cold, 
then strain. Four fl. ounces a-day, at 
first, then increase, as an emmenagogue. 
Chapman. 
Syrup of Seneka. 
R. Bruised seneka four ounces 

Water one pint 

Sugar one pound 

Boil the seneka with the water, to one- 
half; strain, add the sugar, and form 
syrup. U. JS. Ph. 

Dose, one to two fl. drachms, in pectoral com- 
plaints. 

Emulsion with Seneka. 
R. Bruised seneka half an ounce 

Water nine fl. ounces 

Boil down to one-third, strain, and add 

Camphor one scruple 

Gum Arabic two drachms 

Make an emulsion, and add 

Compound tincture of 

ammonia two fl. drachms 

A spoonful, every two hours, as a stimu- 
lating expectorant. Phoebus. 

Pectoral Jelly with Seneka. 
R. Bruised seneka two drachms 

Water twelve fl. ounces 



Boil down to nine fl. ounces, strain, and 
add 

Isinglass sufficient 

Syrup of orange flowers one ounce 
Form a jelly. A spoonful, occasionally. 
Radius. 
Mixture with Seneka. 
R. Seneka, bruised, two drachms 

Water sufficient 

to obtain eight fl. ounces of strained de- 
coction ; add 

Camphor one drachm 

Mix. A spoonful, occasionally. Brera. 

R . Infusion of seneka four fl. ounces 

Syrup of ipecacuanha one fl. ounce 

Oxymel of squill three fl. drachms 

Tartar emetic one grain and a-half 

Mix. A spoonful every quarter of an 

hour, till vomiting is produced, in croup. 

Jadelot. 

R. Bruised seneka one drachm and a-half 

Boiling water sufficient 

to obtain four fl. ounces of the strained 

decoction ; add 

Antimonial wine two fl. scruples 

Syrup of marsh mallow one fl. ounce 
A small spoonful, occasionally, in the 
second stage of croup, as an expectorant. 
Wendt. 
Extract of Seneka and Squill. 
R. Seneka 

Squill, each, in coarse 

powder, two pounds 

Proof spirit sufficient 

to cover ; transfer to displacement appa- 
ratus ; pass proof spirit through till near- 
ly tasteless ; strain ; distil off spirit, and 
evaporate to proper consistence. Ecky. 

Polygalic Acid. 
R. Seneka, in powder, sixteen ounces 
Alcohol (35° B.) six pints 

Ether sufficient 

Purified animal charcoal two ounces 
Boil the seneka in four pints of the alcohol 
for fifteen minutes; suffer it to cool, then 
throw the whole on a displacement filter, 
and when the liquid ceases to pass add 
more alcohol, until six pints of tincture 
are obtained. Distil off the alcohol till of a 
syrupy consistence, wash this with ether, 
to remove fatty matter, and throw the 
residue into several times its bulk of con- 
centrated alcohol. After standing for 
twenty-four hours, the polygalic acid will 
be precipitated as a light brown powder, 
which is collected on a filter, washed with 
cold, strong alcohol, and dried. W. Procter. 



Syrup of Polygalic Acid. 
R. Polygalic acid eight grains 

Boiling water half a fl. ounce 

Syrup of gum 

Arabic one ft. ounce and a-half 

Mix, and make. 
Dose, a teaspoonful. 



SENNA. 
Senna. 



Under this name is included the leaves of 
several species of Cassia, as C. acutifolia, C. 
elongata, C. obovata, fyc, forming what are termed 
Alexandrian, Tripoli, India, and Mecca sennas. 
They are all perennial plants, growing in warm 
climates. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Faba- 
cese. 

Christison, Dispen. 858. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
254. 

The leaves only are officinal in the U. S. and 
British Pharms., but the pods are recognized by 
several of the European authorities. The leaves 
have a faint, but unpleasant odor, and a some- 
what bitter, very nauseous taste. Senna is an 
active purgative, usually causing nausea and colic 
when given alone. It is seldom administered in 
substance, the dose is from half a drachm to two 
drachms. 

Compound Powder or Senna. 
R. Powdered senna 

Cremor tartar, each, two ounces 

Powdered scammony half an ounce 
ginger two drachms 

Mix. Dose, a scruple to a drachm. 

Lond. Ph., 1824. 

Powder of Senna and G-uaiacum. 
R. Powdered senna 

guaiacum equal parts 

Dose, two teaspoonfuls, twice or thrice a- 
day. In jaundice. Augustin. 

Alcoholic Extract of Senna. 
R. Senna one part 

Alcohol four or five parts 

Heat slowly on a water-bath, to boiling 
point, let cool; in twenty-four hours ex- 
press, and strain; repeat process with same 
quantity of alcohol, unite the tinctures, 
distil off the alcohol, and evaporate. 

Guibourt. 
Pills of Senna. 
R. Powdered senna one drachm 

Extract of dandelion sufficient 

Mix, and make thirty pills. Dose, five to 
eight. II uf eland. 

Confection of Senna. 
R. Senna eight ounces 

Coriander four ounces 



SENNA. 373 

Liquorice, bruised, three ounces 

Figs one pound 

Pulp of prunes 

tamarinds 

purging cassia, each, 

half a pound 

Sugar two pounds and a-half 

Water four parts 

Rub the senna and coriander together, and 

separate ten ounces with a sieve. Boil the 

residue with the figs and liquorice root in 

the water, to one-half, express, and strain. 

Evaporate by a water-bath to a pint and a- 

half, add the sugar and form a syrup, then 

rub the pulps with the syrup, add the sifted 

powder, and mix well. U. S. Ph. 

A good laxative. Dose, about two drachms, 

taken at bedtime. 

Compound Confection of Senna. 

R. Confection of senna two ounces 

Powdered jalap one drachm 

Cremor tartar two drachms 

Powdered ginger one drachm and a-half 
Syrup sufficient 

Mix. Dose, one drachm. 



Electuary of Senna and Rhubarb. 
R. Powdered rhubarb 

senna, each, two drachms 
fennel three drachms 

liquorice half an ounce 
Pulp of purging cassia 

tamarinds, each, two ounces 

Syrup of male fern sufficient 

Mix. Dose, two drachms to half an ounce. 

Van Mons. 

Electuary of Senna and Cremor 
Tartar. 
R. Powdered senna three drachms 

Cremor tartar one drachm 

Manna three ounces and a-half 

Pulp of purging cassia 
tamarinds, 

each, one ounce and a-half 
Syrup of violets sufficient 

Mix. Dose, about two drachms. 

Van Mons. 

Electuary of Senna and Figs. 
R. Powdered senna half an ounce 

Pulp of figs sufficient 

Make an electuary. A piece the size of a 
hazelnut, night and morning, to obviate 
costiveness. Ellis. 

Electuary of Senna and Sulphur. 
R. Powdered senna 
Flowers of sulphur 
Cremor tartar, each, one ounce 



374 



SENNA. 



Manna six ounces 

Pulp of tamarinds eight ounces 

Syrup of senna sufficient 

Mix. Said to be useful in hemorrhoids. 

Dose, two to three drachms. Swediaur. 

Compound Wine of Senna. 
R. Senna one ounce 

Rhubarb six drachms 

Cloves 

Saffron, each, one drachm 

Sherry wine two pints 

Macerate for five days, often agitating, and 
decant. As a tonic purgative. Dose, 
about two fl. ounces. Pierquin. 

R. Senna four ounces 

Coriander 

Fennel, each, two drachms 

Sherry wine two pints and a-half 

Digest for three days; add 

Stoned raisins three ounces 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, express, 
and strain. Sioed. Ph. 

Compound Tincture of Senna. 

R. Senna three ounces and a-half 

Caraway, bruised, three drachms and 
a-half 
Cardamom, bruised, one drachm 

Raisins five ounces 

Proof spirit two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. Lond. Ph. 

A warm, stomachic purgative, in atonic gout, 

&c, in doses of two fl. drachms to a fl. ounce. 

Tincture of Senna and Jalap. 
R. Senna three ounces 

Jalap, in powder, one ounce 

Coriander, bruised, 

Caraway, bruised, each, half an ounce 
Cardamom, bruised, two drachms 

Sugar four ounces 

Diluted alcohol three pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 

Similar to the last, used in same cases, and in 
same doses. 

Tincture of Senna and Gentian. 
R. Senna four ounces 

Gentian, bruised, 

Orange peel, bruised, each, one ounce 
Proof spirit sixty-four ounces 

Infuse for some days, often stirring, ex- 
press, and filter. Swediaur. 

Infusion of Senna. 
R. Senna one ounce 

Coriander, bruised, one drachm 

Boiling water one pint 



-Macerate for an hour, in a covered vessel, 
and strain. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, about four fl. ounce?. 

Compound Infusion of Senna. 

R. Senna half an ounce 

Sulphate of magnesia 
Manna, each, one ounce 

Fennel seed one drachm 

Boiling water half a pint 

Macerate in a covered vessel till cool, and 

strain. Dose, one third, every four or five 

hours, till it operates. Wood. 

R. Senna 

Mint, each, ten drachms 

Boiling water two pints 

Macerate for an hour, strain, and add 
Sulphate of magnesia eight ounces 

Dose, two to four fl. ounces. Guy's Hosp. 

Infusion of Senna and Tamarinds. 

R. Senna one to three drachms 

Tamarinds one ounce 

Coriander, bruised, one drachm 

Brown sugar half an ounce 

Boiling water eight fl. ounces 

Infuse for four hours in a covered vessel, 

and strain. Dose, two to four fl. ounces. 

Ed. Ph. 

Infusion of Senna and Coffee. 
R. Senna two drachms 

Roasted coffee one drachm 

Boiling water 

Hot milk, each, three fl. ounces 

Infuse for twelve hours, and strain. To be 
taken at once, in the morning. Foy. 

R. Senna ten grains 

Hot infusion of coffee 

milk at will 

Mix, and, when cool, strain, and add 

Sugar sufficient 

An agreeable purge for children. The 
amount of senna to be increased according 
to the age. Guersant and Blake. 

R. Senna 

Sulphate of magnesia 

Coffee, roasted and 

ground, each, half an ounce 

Boiling water four fl. ounces 

Digest for half an hour, strain, and add 

Sugar one and a-half ounces 

As efficient as the " black draught," but 
much more agreeble. Combes. 

R. Coffee, roasted and ground, 

Senna, each, one ounce 

Boiling water sufficient 

Make an infusion, and evaporate to one 
ounce, and add 



SENNA. 



375 



Simple syrup three fl. ounces 

Combes. 

Infusion op Senna and Buckthorn. 

R. Senna two drachms 

Sulphate of soda half an ounce 

Boiling water four fl. ounces 

Syrup of buckthorn one fl. ounce 

Infuse, cool, and strain. Ellis. 

Infusion with Tincture of Senna. 
R . Infusion of senna six fl. drachms 

Tincture of senna two fl. drachms 
Manna two drachms 

Mint water 

Distilled water, each, one fl. ounce and 

a-half 

Mix. One-half at a dose; repeated, if it 

does not operate. Aberneihy. 

Anthelmintic Emulsion. 

R. Infusion of senna ten fl. drachms 

Syrup of buckthorn one fl. drachm 

Confection of scammony two scruples 

Copaiva thirty minims 

Spirit of turpentine six fl. drachms 

Mix, and make emulsion. Very efficient 

as an anthelmintic; to be taken early in 

the morning. Med. Chirur. Rev. 

Senna Mixture. 

R . Infusion of senna one fl. ounce 

Tincture of jalap one fl. drachm 

Sulphate of magnesia four drachms 
Syrup of ginger one fl. drachm 

Mix. As a purgative draught. Ainslie. 

Infusion of Senna and Rhubarb. 
R. Senna six drachms 

Manna one ounce 

Bruised rhubarb 

cardamom, each, two drachms 
Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for one hour, and strain. Half a 
teacupful, every hour till it operates. 

Ellis. 

Infusion of Senna and Lemon Juice. 

R. Senna one ounce and a-half 

Fresh lemon peel one ounce 

Lemon juice one fl. ounce 

Boiling water sixteen fl. ounces 

Infuse for two hours, and strain. Beasley. 

Syrup of Senna. 

R. Senna two ounces 

Fennel seed, bruised, one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Sugar fifteen ounces 

Digest the senna and fennel seed in the 



water, with a gentle heat, for an hour, strain, 

add the sugar, and form syrup. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one or two fl. drachms to children. 

Fluid Extract of Senna. 
R. Senna, coarsely 

powdered, thirty-two ounces 

Diluted alcohol four pints 

Water one gallon 

Sugar twenty ounces 

Oil of fennel sixty-four drops 

Hoffmann's anodyne sufficient 

Mix the senna and alcohol, and let rest for 
a night; introduce into a displacement ap- 
paratus, and, by means of the water, obtain 
one and a-half gallons of fluid ; evaporate 
this to twenty fl. ounces, and, whilst hot, 
add the sugar; strain, and, when cold, add 
the oil of fennel, dissolved in the Hoff- 
mann anodyne. Dose, a tablespoonful, 
as a full purgative. Duhamel. 

R. Senna, well 

bruised, sixteen ounces (Troy) 

Diluted alcohol sufficient 

Oil of caraway 

Oil of anise, each, sixteen drops 

Sugar twelve ounces 

Macerate the senna in two pints of the 
diluted alcohol for twenty-four hours; dis- 
place slowly with same menstruum until 
four pints pass. Evaporate this in a water- 
bath to ten ounces, and add the sugar; 
when this is dissolved, remove from the 
fire, and add the oils, dissolved in diluted 
alcohol. Duhamely modified by Procter. 
R. Senna fifteen pounds 

Boiling water sufficient 

Exhaust the senna by process of displace- 
ment, evaporate the fluid to ten pounds, 
add molasses, ten pounds, previously boiled 
to a candy; add further, twenty-four fl. 
ounces of rectified spirit, and water suffi- 
cient to make fifteen pints. Dose, two 
drachms. Duncan. 

Syrup of Senna and Rhubarb. 

R. Syrup of senna four fl. ounces 

rhubarb two fl. ounces 

cinnamon one fl. ounce 

Mix. Van Mons. 

Syrup of Senna and Apples. 
R. Fermented juice of apples four pounds 
Senna four ounces and a-half 

Digest for a night, express, and strain, then 
add 

Sugar three pounds 

Clarify, and form syrup. Sard. Ph. 



376 



SERPENTARIA— SESAMUM. 



SERPENTAEIA. 

Virginia Snakeroot. 

Virginia snakeroot is furnished by several spe- 
cies of Jlris!olochia, as the A. serpentaria, A. hirsuta, 
and A reticulata, all natives of the United States, 
especially the western portions. 

Sex. Syst. Gynand. hexand. Nat. Syst. Aris- 
tolochi;icea\ 

U. S. Dispen. G57. Griffith, Med. Bot. 529. 

The root, which is the officinal portion, is very 
similar in the above-mentioned species. It is 
in tufts of slender, long, matted fibres, attached 
to a knotty, rugged head. These fibres are brittle, 
of a yellowish or brownish color, with an aromatic 
odor, and a pungent, bitter, camphorated taste. 
It is a stimulating tonic, and may also act as a 
diaphoretic, and diuretic. Dose, of the powder, 
is from ten to thirty grains. 

Compound Pills of Virginia Snake- 
root. 
R. Powdered Virginia 

snakeroot twenty-four grains 

Camphor forty-eight grains 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and make eighteen pills; to be taken 

during the apyrexia, in malignant inter- 

niittents. Foy. 

Electuary op Virginia Snakeroot. 
R. Powdered Virginia snakeroot 
contrayerva 
Aromatic confection, each, one drachm 
Preserved ginger six drachms 

Syrup of parsley sufficient 

Make electuary. Half a drachm, every 
four hours, as a febrifuge. Cadet. 

Infusion of Virginia Snakeroot. 

R. Virginia snakeroot half an ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, 

and strain. U. JS. Ph. 

Dose, one to two fl. ounces, every two hours, 
in low forms of fever. 

Compound Infusion of Virginia 
Snakeroot. 
R. Virginia snakeroot 

Contrayerva, each, five drachms 

Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for two hours, strain, and add 
Tincture of Virginia 

snakeroot two fl. ounces 

Beasley. 

Tincture of Virginia Snakeroot. 
R. Virginia snakeroot, 

bruised, three ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. 

U. S. Ph. 



Mixture of Virginia Snakeroot and 

Allspice. 
R. Comp. infus. of Virginia 

snakeroot twelve fl. ounces 

Tincture of allspice four fl. ounces 
Mix. Four spoonfuls, every six hours, 
in retrocedent and atonic exanthemata. 

Saunders. 
Acetated Mixture of Virginia 
Snakeroot and Allspice. 
R. Add vinegar, two fl. ounces, to six- 
teen fl. ounces of last-mentioned 
mixture. Dose, as above, in pete- 
chial typhus. Swediaur. 

Infusion of Virginia Snakeroot and 

Ether. 
R. Virginia snakeroot six drachms 

Boiling water eight fl. ounces 

Infuse, and strain ; when cold, add 

Sulphuric ether two fl. drachms 

A tablespoonful, every hour. Richtcr. 

Wine of Virginia Snakeroot and 
Vanilla. 

R. Virginia snakeroot six drachms 

Vanilla two drachms 

Sherry wine sufficient 

Macerate for four hours, and add to each 

pint of the strained liquid, 

Camphor half a drachm 

Acetic ether one fl. drachm 

Syrup of cinnamon half a fl. ounce 

Dose, two spoonfuls an hour, in low states 

of the system. Vogt. 

Tincture of Virginia Snakeroot and 
Balsam of Peru. 

R. Virginia snakeroot six drachms 

Proof spirit five fl. ounces 

Water sufficient 

to obtain six fl. ounces of strained fluid ; 

after one hour of infusion, add 

Camphor half a drachm 

Balsam of. Peru one drachm 

Gum Arabic two drachms 

Make an emulsion, and add 

Acetic ether one fl. drachm 

A spoonful, every hour, in cases requiring 

stimulation. Phoebus. 



SESAMUM. 
Benne. 

Two species of Sesamum, the S. orientak, and 
the S. indicum, afford leaves and seeds that are 
recognized as officinal. They are both natives 
of Asia, and are cultivated in the West Indies 
and in the southern parts of the United States. 

Sex. Syst. Didyn. angios. Nat. Syst. Pedali- 
aceae. 



SIMARUBA— SINAPIS. 



Linn. Sp. PL 883, 884. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
515. 

The seeds are small, inodorous, and afford a 
bland oil, which may be used for all the pur- 
poses of olive oil. The leaves abound in a 
gummy substance which forms, with water, a 
rich, bland mucilage, useful in all cases requir- 
ing the use of demulcents. 

Infusion or Benne. 
R. Fresh leaves of benne No. 2 

Cool water half a pint 

Infuse till a mucilage is formed. When 
dried leaves are used, the water should be 
hot. Wood. 



SIMARUBA. 

SlMARUBA. 

This is the bark of the root of Simaruba offici- 
nalis (amara), a large tree, native of Jamaica, 
and several parts of South America. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Simaru- 



Decand. i. 733. Griffith, Med. Bot. 198. 

The bark is in long pieces, much rolled or 
quilled. It is fibrous, tough ; of a grayish color 
externally, and yellowish within. It is inodor- 
ous, but extremely bitter. It has the properties 
of the pure bitters, but is apt to act on the sto- 
mach and bowels. 

Infusion of Simaruba. 
R. Simaruba bark, bruised, three drachms 
Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for two hours, and strain. 

Ed. Ph. 

Dose, two fl. ounces. 

Compound Infusion of Simaruba. 

R. Simaruba 

Wormwood, each, two drachms 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for fifteen minutes; strain, and 

add 

Syrup of gentian one fl. ounce 

To be taken in wineglassful doses. Foy. 



SINAPIS. 
Mustard. 

The seeds of two species of Sinapis are used 
in medicine, those of S. nigra and <S'. alba, both 
annual plants indigenous to many parts of Eu- 
rope, and cultivated in our gardens. 

Sex. Syst. Tetradyn. siliq. Nat. Syst. Brassi- 
cacene. 

Linn. Sp. PL 933. Griffith, Med. Bot. 133. 

Black mustard seeds are small, globular, of a 
deep brown color, when bruised having a pe- 
culiar smell, which becomes pungent, on the 
flour being mixed with water ; their taste is bit- 
terish and pungent. White mustard seeds are 
larger, of a yellowish color, and less pungent. 
These seeds act as a laxative; when in the 



37T 



state of flour, they operate as an emetic, and 
when applied to the skin as a rubefacient, or 
even vesicant. 

Cataplasm of Mustard. 



R. Flour of mustard 
Flaxseed meal, each, 
Boiling vinegar 

Form a cataplasm. 

R. Flour of mustard 
Crumb of bread 
Common salt 



Mix. 



Vinegar 



half a pound 

sufficient 

Lond. Ph. 

two ounces 

four ounces 

half an ounce 

sufficient 

Ammon. 



Used as rubefacients and revulsives. 

Compound Cataplasm of Mustard. 

R. Flour of mustard eight ounces 
Powdered white pepper 

ginger, each, one drachm 

Oxymel sufficient 

Mix. Foy. 

R. Flour of mustard four ounces 

Yeast one ounce and a-half 

Muriate of ammonia one dracbm 

Rue half an ounce 

Vinegar sufficient 

Mix. Span. Ph. 

Used as above. 

Mustard Fomentation. 
R. Flour of mustard four ounces 

Hot water one pint 

Mix. As a rubefacient. Ellis. 

Mustard Gargle. 
R. Flour of mustard one drachm 

Water of angelica 

hyssop, each, six fl. ounces 
Spirit of horseradish half a fl. ounce 
muriate of am- 
monia four fl. scruples 
Honey of roses four ounces 

Mix. Spielman. 

Mustard Foot Bath. 
R. Flour of mustard four ounces 

Hot water sufficient 

Mix. Beral. 

Mustard Whey. 
R. Milk one pint 

Water two pounds 

Bruised mustard- 
seed one ounce and a-half 
Boil till curdled, and strain. Beasley. 
R. Milk one pint 

Bruised mustard seed one ounce 

Boil till curdled, and strain, then add 

Sherry wine six fl. ounces 

A draught every hour or two, in low 
states of the system. Ellis. 



378 

Mustard Ointment. 

R. Flour of mustard three ounces 

Oil of almonds half a fl. ounce 

Lemon juice sufficient 

Mix. In sun-burn, &c. Frank. 

Compound Mustard Ointment. 



SODIUM-SODII CHLORIDUM. 



R. Resin ointment 

Soap 

Camphor 

Flour of mustard 
Mix. 



one ounce 

half an ounce 

two scruples 

one scruple 

Ferriar. 



R 



Lotion of Mustard. 
R. Mustard flour one ounce 

Express the oil, and add to the mass 

Oil of turpentine eight ounces 

Macerate for three days, express, and 
strain. As a friction in paralysis. 

Niemann. 

Volatile Oil of Mustard. 
R. Bruised mustard seed twenty pounds 
Cold water sufficient 

Distil, and separate the oil. Magendie. 
A very active rubefacient. 

Tincture of Oil of Mustard. 
Volatile oil of mustard twelve parts 
Alcohol two hundred and fifty parts 
A good rubefacient. 

Soubeiran. 

Liniment of Mustard. 
Lard 

Oil of almonds, each, twelve ounces 
Yellow wax four ounces 

Melt by a gentle heat, pour into a heated 
mortar, and when cooling add 

Oil of lavender three ounces 

Carbonate of ammonia half an ounce 
Tincture of mustard two fl. ounces 
Camphor one ounce 

Triturate the ammonia with the oil; dis- 
solve the camphor in the tincture, and add 
both to the melted mass, incorporating 
well. As an application to chilblains. 

Beral. 



R 



SODIUM. 

Sodium. 



SODII BROMIDUM. 

Bromide of Soda. 
R. Solution of bromide of iron at will 
carbonate of soda sufficient 
to precipitate; filter, and evaporate. 

Magendie. 



Ointment of Bromide of Soda. 
R. Bromide of sodium thirty-four grains 

Lard one ounce 

Mix. As an application to obstinate 
cutaneous eruptions. 



SODII CHLORIDUM. 
Common Salt. 

Powder of Common Salt and Cochi- 
neal. 
P. Powdered common salt three drachms 
cochineal fifteen grains 

Mix, and divide into six powders. Anthel- 
mintic. One every morning, and finally 
a dose of some purgative. Rush. 

Compound Powder of Common Salt. 

R. Common salt 

Sulphate of magnesia, each, four ounces 
Sulphate of potassa three ounces 

Dry the salts separately, and pulverize ; rub 

them well together, and keep in well-closed 

vessels. Ed. Ph. 

As a laxative, in closes of two or three drachms 

in a half pint of carbonic acid water, early in 

the morning. 

Bath of Common Salt and Gelatine. 
R. Common salt one pound 

Water four pints 

Pour the solution in a bath, and add 

Flanders glue two pounds 

Dissolved in 

Water six pints 

Recommended in scrofulous affections. 

Foy. 

Fomentation of Common Salt. 
R . Common salt two ounces 

Water six fl. ounces 

Vinegar 

Brandy, each, three fl. ounces 

Mix. As a fomentation to bruises. Vogt. 

Clyster with Common Salt. 
R. Common salt one ounce 

Barley water half a pint 

Add to the solution 

Olive oil one fl. ounce 

Mid. Hasp. 

R. Common salt one to two ounces 

Tepid flaxseed infusion one pint 

Dissolve, and add 

Castor or olive oil 

Molasses, each, two fl. ounces 

One-half to be used at a time, the remain- 
der in half an hour afterwards, if needed. 

Ellis. 



SODII SULPHURETUM— SODiE ACETAS 



Clyster op Common Salt and Arnica. 
R. Common salt half to one ounce 

Infusion of arnica twelve fl. ounces 
Said to be useful in apoplexy and paralysis. 

Foy. 
Mixture of Common Salt and Lemon 

Juice. 
R. Lemon juice at will 

Common salt sufficient 

to saturate, filter. A tablespoonful every 
hour, in apyrexia of intermittents. Bories. 

Ointment oe Common Salt. 
R. Common salt one to four drachms 
Lard one ounce 

Rub together till smooth. The strength 
to be gradually increased from one drachm 
of the salt to four. To inflamed eyelids. 
Tavignot. 
Compound Ointment op Common Salt. 
R. Common salt one ounce and a-half 
Simple cerate three ounces 

Rose water ointment one ounce 

Rub together. In tinea capitis, as a fric- 
tion, morning and evening. St. Marie. 
R. Common salt two drachms 

Nut oil one drachm 

Ox gall one ounce and a-half 

Digest together for thirty-six hours, and 
triturate well. As a friction to scrofulous 
tumors. Roncalli. 



SODII SULPHURETUM. 

Sulphuret op Soda. 
R. Flowers of sulphur two hundred parts 
Carbonate of potassa, dried, 

two hundred and sixty-seven parts 
Mix; heat in a matrass till melted; on 
cooling, detach, and keep in a well-closed 
vessel. Cottereau. 

Bath with Sulpiiuret op Sodium. 
R. Sulphuret of sodium ten ounces 

Solution of common salt 

and gelatin four fl. ounces 

Mix with the water of the bath, at the mo- 
ment the patient enters it. In chronic 
cutaneous affections. Cadet. 

Mixture op Sulphuret op Sodium 

and Sal Ammoniac. 
R. Sulphuret of sodium one drachm 

Muriate of ammonia fifty grains 

Dissolve each in six ounces of water, mix 
the solutions, after having filtered them. 
As a lotion in itch, &c. Van Mans. 

Lotion with Sulphuret of Sodium. 
R. Sulphuret of sodium three ounces 



879 
one ounce and a-half 



Soap 
Dissolve in 

Alcohol one pound 

Add to the solution 

Lime water eight pounds 

In tinia capitis; the head to be washed 
with it every day, without removing the 
hair. 

Liniment op Sulphuret op Sodium. 
R. Sulphuret of 

sodium four parts and a-half 

Flowers of sulphur 
Oil of almonds, each, one part and a-half 
Lard six parts and a-half 

Rub the powders with the lard, and gra- 
dually add the oil. As a lotion in chronic 
cutaneous diseases. Van Mons. 

Ointment of Sulphuret of Sodium. 

R. Sulphuret of sodium three drachms 

Lard one ounce and a-half 

Rub well together. As an application in 

itch. Swediaur. 



SODA. 

Caustic Soda. 

R . Solution of soda at will 

Evaporate in a silver capsule, till it will 

solidify, on cooling; pour into moulds. 

Guibourt. 

Solution of Soda. 
R. Crystallized carbonate 

of soda twenty-five parts 

Quicklime six parts 

Boil with a sufficient quantity of water, 

strain, and evaporate, till it marks 36° of 

the areometer. Guibourt. 



80DM ACETAS. 

Acetate of Soda. 
R . Carbonate of soda at will 

Distilled vinegar sufficient 

to saturate ; evaporate to sp. gr. 1.276, 
and set aside to crystallize. Dub. Ph. 
Diuretic or cathartic, according to dose, from 
one scruple to four drachms. 

Compound Pills of Acetate of Soda. 
R. Acetate of soda five drachms 

Camphor 

Nitre, each, two drachms 

Conserve of elder berries sufficient 

Mix, and make one hundred and twenty 

pills. Dose, two, morning and evening, 

to check the secretion of milk. Bories. 



380 



R. Acetate of soda 
Powdered rhubarb 

Inspissated ox gall, each, one drachm 
Powdered gum Arabic half a drachm 
Mix, and make pills of two grains. Dose, 
ten to fifteen, twice a-day, as a laxative. 

Augustin. 



SODiE ARSENIAS— SODtE BORAS. 



SOD.E ARSENIAS. 

Arseniate of Soda. 
R. White arsenic one hundred parts 

Nitrate of 

soda one hundred and sixteen parts 
Pulverize, and introduce into a luted retort; 
heat in a reverberatory furnace, break the 
retort, dissolve the salt in water, add car- 
bonate of soda, till the solution is neutral, 
filter, evaporate, and crystallize. In inter- 
mittents, and some diseases of the skin. 
Dose, one-sixteenth to one-eighth of a 
grain. Cottereau. 

Solution op Arseniate of Soda. 
R. Arseniate of soda six grains 

Peppermint 

water two fl. ounces and a-half 

Add to the solution 

Wine of cinnamon half a fl. ounce 

Laudanum one fl. drachm 

Dose, forty to fifty drops, four times a-day. 

Heineke. 

R. Crystallized arseniate of soda one grain 

Distilled water one fl. ounce 

Dissolve. Dose, from a scruple to half a 

drachm. Foy. 



SOD.E BORAS. 
Borax. 
Compound Powder op Borax. 
R. Powdered borax one drachm 

saffron ten grains 

Oil of cinnamon two drops 

Mix, for two doses. As an emmena- 
gogue. Wedel. 

R. Powdered borax half an ounce 

castor 
saffron, each, 

one drachm and a-half 
Oil of cinnamon eight drops 

amber six drops 

Mix, and form powder. Dose, from a 
scruple to half a drachm, to facilitate par- 
turition, expel placenta, &c. Wert. Ph. 

Lozenges op Borax. 
R. Powdered borax two drachms 

sugar half an ounce 



Mucilage sufficient 

Mix, and make thirty lozenges. One, 
occasionally, in aphthous sore mouth. 

Phoebus. 

COLLUTORY OP BORAX. 

R. Borax two drachms 

Water 

Tincture of myrrh, each, one fl. ounce 

Honey of roses two ounces 

Mix. Sivediaur. 

R. Borax three drachms 

Mucilage of quince 

seeds eight fl. ounces 

Honey of roses two ounces 

Mix. Bahi. 

R. Borax three drachms 

Infusion of roses 

one fl. ounce and a-half 

Honey of roses two ounces 

Mix. Priwjle. 

Collyrium op Borax. 

R. Borax one drachm 

Laudanum half fl. drachm 

Rose water four fl. ounces 

Mix. Fricke. 

R. Borax half a drachm 

Sugar one drachm 

Rose water two fl. ounces 

Mix. Richard. 
Gargle op Borax. 

R. Borax two drachms 

Oxymel half fl. ounce 

Water eleven fl. ounces 

Mix. Beasley. 

R. Borax one drachm 

Tincture of myrrh half fl. ounce 

Clarified honey one fl. ounce 

Rose water four fl. ounces. 

Mix. Ellis. 
In aphthous sore mouth, ptyalism, &c. 

Lotion op Borax. 
R. Borax half a drachm 

Orange-flower water 

Rose water, each, half fl. ounce 

Dissolve. In pruritus. Cadet. 

Honey op Borax. 
R. Powdered borax one drachm 

Clarified honey one ounce 

Mix. Land. Ph. 

In aphtha. 

Vinegar of Borax. 

R. Distilled vinegar two fl. ounces 

Borax one drachm 

Dissolve. As lotion to ringworm of the 

Christison. 



SODiE CARBONAS. 



Mixture op Borax. 
R. Borax two drachms 

Chamomile water four fl. ounces 

Syrup of orange peel half fl. ounce 

Liquid succinate of 

ammonia two fl. drachms 

Wine of opium half fl. drachm 

Mix. As an emmenagogue, and to facili- 
tate parturition. Dose, two spoonfuls, 
every half hour. Swediaur. 

Ointment op Borax. 
R. Powdered borax fifteen grains 

Fresh butter two drachms 

Rub together. To apply to scaly erup- 
tions. Radius. 
R. Powdered borax two drachms 

Rose ointment one ounce 

Mix. For chilblains. Cadet. 



SODiE CARBONAS. 

Carbonate op Soda. 

Dried Carbonate op Soda. 
R. Carbonate of soda at will 

Heat in a clean iron vessel, till perfectly 
dried, stirring constantly; rub into powder. 
U. S. Ph. 
Solution op Carbonate of Soda. 
R. Carbonate of soda one ounce 

Distilled water one pint 

Dissolve. Dub. Ph. 

Dose, one to two fl. ounces diluted, two or 
three times a-day, as antacid, &c. 

Bicarbonate of Soda. 
R. Crystallized carbonate of soda at will 
Saturate in proper apparatus, with carbonic 
acid. 

R. Carbonate of soda one part 

Water two parts 

Dissolve, and pass a current of carbonic 
acid through the solution; let crystallize. 
Cottereau. 
Effervescing Solution op Soda. 
R. Bicarbonate of soda one drachm 

Distilled water one pint 

Dissolve, and force into it more carbonic 
acid. Keep in a well-closed vessel. 

Lond. Ph. 
Effervescing Powders of Soda. 
R. Bicarbonate 

of soda one ounce, fifty-four grains 

Tartaric acid one ounce 

Powder each, separately, and divide each 

into sixteen powders, and preserve in papers 

of different colors. Ed. Ph. 

Known under the name of Soda powders. 



Pills op Soda and Rhubarb. 
R. Powdered rhubarb 

Dried carbonate of soda 
Extract of gentian, each, one scruple 
Calomel three grains 

Mix, and make twenty pills. Two occa- 
sionally, in dyspepsia. Ellis. 

Pills of Soda and Ipecacuanha. 
R. Carbonate of soda one drachm 

Bitter almonds half a drachm 

Ipecacuanha three grains 

Extract of madder twenty -four grains 
Water sufficient 

Beat into mass, and form sixty pills. Three 
morning and evening, in obstinate cutane- 
ous diseases. Foy. 

Carbonate of Soda Pills. 

R . Extract of chamomile one drachm 

Powdered rhubarb one scruple 

Carbonate of soda half a drachm 

Oil of caraway ten minims 

Syrup of ginger sufficient 

Mix, and make twenty-four pills, two to be 

taken thrice a-day, in dyspepsia. Ainslie. 

Pills of Carbonate of Soda. 

R. Dried carbonate of soda one drachm 

Soap two scruples 

Water sufficient 

Beat together, and make thirty pills. Three, 

thrice a-day. In calculous affections. 

Ellis. 
Powder of Carbonate op Soda and 

Magnesia. 
R. Bicarbonate of soda 
Magnesia 

Powdered ginger, each, one scruple 
Mix. A small teaspoonful, occasionally. 

Ellis. 
Powder op Carbonate of Soda and 

Rhubarb. 
R. Dried carbonate of soda one ounce 
Rhubarb four drachms 

Ginger one scruple 

Mix. In cardialgia, and dyspepsia. 

Beasley. 

Powder of Carbonate of Soda and 

Mercury. 
R. Dried carbonate of soda five drachms 
Calomel one drachm 

Compound chalk powder ten drachms 
Mix. Dose, eight to sixteen grains. 

Guy's Ilosp. 

Lozenges op Bicarbonate op Soda. 
R. Bicarbonate of soda one ounce 

Powdered gum Arabic half an ounce 
sugar three ounces 



382 



sodje carbonas. 



Mucilage 



Beat together, and form lozenges. 



sufficient 
Ed. Ph. 



Antacid and antilithic. 

R. Bicarbonate of soda two ounces 

Sugar thirty-four ounces 

Oil of peppermint eighteen drops 

Mucilage thirty-sis drachms 

Make lozenges of eighteen grains. 

Magendic. 

R. Bicarbonate of soda four parts 

Sugar sixty parts 

Chocolate eight parts 

Mucilage nine parts 

Make lozenges of eighteen grains. Beral. 

R. Bicarbonate of soda four drachms 
Sugar ten ounces 

Balsam of tolu one drachm 

Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient 

Make lozenges of twenty grains. Cadet. 

Lotion op Carbonate of Soda. 
R. Saturated solution of 

carbonate of soda one ounce 

Warm water two pints 

Mix. As a lotion in pruritus. Radius. 

Mixture of Carbonate of Soda and 

Quassia. 
R. Carbonate of 

soda two drachms and a-half 

Rasped quassia one drachm and a-half 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for one hour, and strain. Two to 

four spoonfuls a-day, in dyspepsia. 

August in. 

Mixture of Carbonate oe Soda and 
Gentian. 

R . Carbonate of soda four scruples 

Compound infusion of gentian 
Cinnamon water, each, three fl. ounces 
Tincture of cardamom half a fi. ounce 

Mix. A tablespoonful, every two or three 

hours, in acidity and flatulence. Ellis. 

Mixture of Carbonate of Soda and 
Copaiba. 

R. Bicarbonate of soda one drachm 

Almond mixture four fl. ounces 

Copaiba two fl. drachms 

Laudanum sixty drops 

Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally, in 

acute pain in the bladder. Ellis. 

Mixture of Carbonate of Soda and 
Chamomile. 

R . Carbonate of soda one drachm 

Chamomile water three fl. ounces 

Syrup of gentian one fl. ounce 



Tincture of Peruvian 

bark one fl. drachm 

Mix. A spoonful, occasionally, in scrofula. 

Foy. 

Mixture of Carbonate of Soda and 
Ipecacuanha. 

R. Carbonate of soda twelve grains 

Wine of ipecacuanha twenty drops 
Laudanum four drops 

Distilled water one fl. ounce 

Mix. A teaspoonful, every two or three 

hours, in pertussis of children. Ellis. 

Diuretic Solution with Carbonate 

of Soda. 

R. Carbonate of soda three drachms 

Nitre one drachm and a-half 

Honey one ounce and a-half 

Decoction of couchgrass three pints 

Mix. A glassful every hour, in dropsy. 

Cadet. 

Anti-Emetic Mixture. 
R. Bicarbonate of 

soda one drachm and a-half 

Powdered gum Arabic two drachms 
Oil of mint four drops 

White sugar two drachms 

Carbonic acid water four ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally, to calm 
stomach, or prevent vomiting. Dewees. 

Injection of Carbonate of Soda. 

R. Carbonate of soda one drachm 

Soap two ounces 

Water twelve fl. ounces 

Advised as an injection, in cases of uric 

calculi. Bories. 

Emulsion with Carbonate of Soda. 
R. Bicarbonate of soda sixteen grains 

Nitre four grains 

Syrup of marsh mallow 

violets, each, one fl. ounce 

Lettuce water two fl. ounces 

Emulsion of almonds twelve fl. ounces 
Mix. In nephritic complaints. Beral. 

Ointment of Carbonate of Soda. 

R. Carbonate of soda two drachms 

Wine of opium one fl. drachm 

Lard one fl. ounce 

Mix. In cutaneous affections, where there 

is pain. Soubciran. 

R. Carbonate of soda 

Sulphuret of 

sodium, each, three drachms 

Lard one ounce 

Mix. In tinea capitis, having removed 

the crusts. Alibert. 



SOD^ CHLORAS-SODiE HYDROSULPHAS 



R . Impure carbonate of soda three drachms 

Slaked lime two drachms 

Lard two ounces 

Mix. As the last. Cadet. 

R. Carbonate of soda two drachms 

Slaked lime one drachm 

Opium two grains 

Lard two ounces 

Mix. In prurigo. Biett. 



R 



SODE CHLORAS. 
Chlorate of Soda. 
Tartaric acid five ounces 

Boiling water two pints 

Dissolve, and add 
Carbonate of 

soda forty-five drachms and a-half 
Also, dissolve 
Chlorate of 

potassa four ounces, fifteen grains 

Boiling water sixteen fl. ounces 

Mix the solutions whilst boiling, filter, 

evaporate, and crystallize. Hamb. Ph. 

Lotion op Chlorate op Soda. 
R. Chlorate of soda two drachms 

Water four fl. ounces 

In pruritus. Darling. 

Gargle of Chlorate of Soda. 
R. Chlorate of soda one to three scruples 
Barley water 
Honey of roses 



Mix. 



three ounces 

one ounce 

Radius. 



SODiE CHLORINATE LI- 
QUOR. 

Solution op Chloride of Soda. 
R. Chlorinated lime one pound 

Carbonate of soda two pounds 

Water one gallon and a-half 

Dissolve the carbonate of soda in three pints 
of the water, with the aid of heat. Add 
to the remainder of the water the chlorin- 
ated lime, in powder, in small portions, at 
a time. Set aside for some hours, to set- 
tle ; decant clear solution, and add that 
of the carbonate of soda; decant, and 
strain through linen, and keep in opaque 
bottles. U. S. Ph. 

R. Carbonate of soda one part 

Water ten parts 

Dissolve, and pass a current of chlorine 
througli the solution. Guibourt. 

This is known as Labarraque 's Disinfecting So- 
lution: it is used as a disinfectant, but is also 



used internally, in doses of thirty drops to one 
fl. drachm, in low fevers, &c. 

Diluted Solution of Chloride of 
Soda. 
R. Solution of chloride 

of soda half a fl. drachm 

Distilled water four fl. ounces 

To be taken in spoonful doses, in the apy- 
rexia of intermittents. Gouzee. 

R. Solution of chloride soda one part 
Water twelve to sixteen parts 

As a lotion to foul and cancerous ulcers. 

Foy. 

Gargle of Chloride of Soda. 

R. Chloride of soda sixteen drops 

Hydromel one fl. ounce 

Distilled water seven fl. ounces 

Mix. Beral. 



SODE HYDROSULPHAS. 

Hydrosulphate of Soda. 
R. Carbonate of soda ten ounces 

Distilled water one pint 

Dissolve, and mix with the solution 

Flowers of sulphur ten drachms 

Then pass an excess of sulphurous acid 
gas into the liquid; boil for a few minutes 
in a matrass ; filter, and evaporate to one 
third, and set aside to crystallize. 

Par. Cod. 
Used in diseases of the skin, in doses of ten 
grains to one drachm. 

R. Subcarbonate of soda 

seven hundred and thirty parts 

Sulphur forty-five parts 

Water fifteen hundred parts 

Mix the sulphur with a small portion of 
the water, and add the soda, dissolved in 
the rest. Introduce into two two-necked 
bottles, so as to fill them about two-thirds. 

Clean iron filings fifteen hundred parts 

Sulphuric acid 

(1.84) three thousand parts 

Put into a flask, let cool, place on a sand- 
bath, and convey the gas by rather largo 
tubes, first into a washing bottle, and then 
through the solution in the two-necked 
bottles. Continue the process for ten or 
twelve hours, mix the contents of the two 
bottles, filter, and evaporate to crystalli- 
zation. Lajrip. 
Principally used in daguerreotyping, and as 
above. 

Syrup of Hyposulphite op Soda. 
R. Hyposulphite of soda one ounce 

Water twelve fl. ounces 



384 



SOD.E PHOSPHAS-SOD^E SULPHAS. 



Sugar twenty-three ounces 

Dissolve the salt in the water, add the 
sugar, and form syrup. Dose, from one to 
two ounces, twice a-day. Mouchon. 



SOD^ PHOSPHAS. 
PnosPHATE op Soda. 
R. Powdered burnt bones ten pounds 
Sulphuric acid six pounds 

Carbonate of soda sufficient 

Mix the powdered bone with the acid in 
an earthen vessel, add a gallon of water, 
and stir. Digest for three days, occasion- 
ally adding a little water, then pour in a 
gallon of boiling water, strain; adding 
boiling water till the liquid passes almost 
tasteless. Let settle, decant, and boil 
down to a gallon. After settling, pour it 
into an iron vessel, heat, and gradually add 
the carbonate of soda dissolved in hot 
water, as long as there is effervescence, 
then filter, and let crystallize. More crys- 
tals will be obtained by adding carbonate 
of soda in excess, and again evaporating to 
crystallization. Keep in a well-stopped 
bottle. U. S. Ph. 

A mild purgative, in doses of four drachms to 
one ounce. 

R. Acid of phosphate of lime at will 

Add carbonate of soda to saturation, let 

settle, decant, evaporate, and crystallize. 
Guibourt. 

Compound Powder of Phosphate of 
Soda. 

R. Phosphate of soda two drachms 

Carbonate of soda one drachm 

Fennel sugar half an ounce 

Mix. Two to three teaspoonfuls a-day, to 

aid digestion. Berands. 

Mixture of Phosphate of Soda. 

R. Phosphate of soda half an ounce 

Decoction of carrageen six fl. ounces 
Syrup of orgeat half an ounce 

Mix. As a purgative. Radius. 

R. Phosphate of soda 
Syrup of marsh 

mallow, each, half an ounce 

Water four fl. ounces 

Mix. As a purgative. Auguslin. 



SODiE SULPHAS. 

Sulphate of Soda. 

Powder of Sulphate of Soda and 

Tartar Emetic. 
R. Sulphate of soda two ounces 



Tartar emetic 

Opium, each, one grain 

Gum Arabic 

Powdered liquorice, each, one drachm 

Mix, to be taken in water, in divided doses 

during the day, as a purgative and diuretic. 

Swediaur. 

Powder of Sulphate of Soda and 
Nitre. 
R. Dried sulphate of 

soda eighteen drachms 

Nitre half a drachm 

Tartar emetic one grain 

Mix. One third in water or broth. 



Powder of Sulphate of Soda and 

Opium. 

R. Sulphate of soda four scruples 

Powdered opium two grains 

Mix. In hemorrhagies and inflammations, 

after bleeding. Radius. 

Compound Pills of Sulphate of Soda. 

R. Sulphate of soda half a drachm 

Bitter almonds one drachm 

Ipecacuanha two grains 

Extract of madder sufficient 

Beat into mass, and make sixty pills. 

Three, morning and evening, in obstinate 

cutaneous affections. Foy. 

Electuary with Sulphate of Soda. 

R . Dried sulphate of soda half an ounce 

Pulp of tamarinds one ounce 

Syrup of lemon juice sufficient 

Mix. Two spoonfuls every hour, till it 

operates. Phoebus. 

Compound Solution of Sulphate of 

Soda. 

R. Sulphate of soda fourteen drachms 

Acetate of potassa twenty-four grains 

Nitre eighteen grains 

Tartar emetic quarter of a grain 

Water two pints 

Dissolve, and filter; in wineglassfuls, in 

habitual constipation. Soubeiran. 

Emulsion with Sulphate of Soda. 

R. Sulphate of soda one ounce 

Oil of almonds one fl. ounce 

Yolk of eggs two 

Syrup of manna two fl. ounces 

Fennel water six fl. ounces 

Mix. Dose, two spoonfuls. Phoebus. 

Lemonade with Sulphate of Soda. 
R. Sulphate of soda one ounce and a-half 
Lemon juice half an ounce 

Sugar three ounces 



SOD^l ET POTASSiE TARTRAS— SPIGELIA. 



Water 



Mix. 



sixteen fl. ounces 
Radius. 



Clyster of Sulphate of Soda. 
R. Sulphate of soda one ounce 

Barley water six fl. ounces 

Dissolve, and add 

Oil of flaxseed two ounces 

Swediaur. 

Lotion of Sulphate of Soda. 

R. Sulphate of soda six ounces 

Soap three drachms 

Lime water eighteen fl. ounces 

Rectified spirit six fl. drachms 

Mix. In chronic cutaneous affections. 

Van Mons. 

Suppository of Sulphate of Soda. 
R. Sulphate of soda 

Soap, each, half an ounce 

Honey sufficient 

Mix, and make four suppositories. 

Phoebus. 

BlSULPHATE OF SODA. 

R. Dried sulphate of soda ten parts 

Sulphuric acid seven parts 

Heat gently in a crucible. Purgative in 

doses from two drachms to six. 



BlSULPHATE OF SODA AND MAGNESIA. 

R. Bisulphate of soda at will 

Hot water sufficient 

Dissolve, add magnesia to saturation; fil- 
ter, and crystallize. Laxative and diuretic, 
in doses from half a drachm to two drachms, 
several times a-day. Van Mons. 



SOD.E ET POTASSJE 
TARTRAS. 
Tartarized Soda or Rochelle Salt. 
R. Carbonate of soda one pound 

Cremor tartar sixteen ounces 

Boiling water five pints 

Dissolve the carbonate of soda in the water, 
and add gradually the cremor tartar; filter, 
and evaporate to a pellicle, and set aside 
to crystallize. Decant, and dry crystals. 
U. S. Ph. 

Mild purgative, in doses of half an ounce to 
an ounce. 

Powder of Tartarized Soda and 

Rhubarb. 

R. Tartarized soda ten grains 

Powdered rhubarb three to seven grains 

Mix. To be taken every morning for two 

weeks, in enlargements of the mesentery, 

in children. Forduce. 

25 y 



Seidlitz Powders. 
R. Tartarized soda two drachms 

Bicarbonate of soda two scruples 

Mix, and dissolve in half a tumbler of 
water, 

Powdered tartaric 

acid twenty-five grains 

Dissolve in an equal quantity of water, as 
above, and mix; to be taken during effer- 
vescence. Ellis. 

Mixture of Tartarized Soda. 
R. Tartarized soda half an ounce 

Sulphate of potassa two drachms 

Infusion of succory one pint 

Oxymel of squill four fl. ounces 

Mix. Four spoonfuls, in the morning, 
with an hour's interval. In visceral ob- 
structions. St. Marie. 
R. Tartarized soda one ounce 
Extract of henbane six grains 
Syrup of chamomile one fl. ounce 
Water six fl. ounces 
Mix. A spoonful every hour, in consti- 
pation. Phoebus. 

Whey with Tartarized Soda. 
R. Root and leaves of dandelion 

Fumitory 

Water-cress 

Chervil, each, a handful 

Clarified whey four pints 

Boil for five minutes, express, strain, and 
add 

Tartarized soda two drachms 

Honey six drachms 

To be taken every morning, early, in four 
doses, with the interval of an hour. Much 
praised in visceral obstructions. 

St. Marie. 

Clyster with Tartarized Soda. 
R. Tartarized soda 

Extract of dandelion, each, five drachms 

Infusion of elder flowers five fl. ounces 
Dissolve. Radius. 



SPIGELIA. 

PlNKROOT. 

Tli is is the root of Spigelia marilandica, a beau- 
tiful, herbaceous, perennial plant, a native of the 
southern and south-western parts of the United 
States. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Loga- 
niaceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 249. Griffith, Med. Bot. 466. 

The root consists of numerous small, blackish 
fibres, forming a dense bunch, and aris-ing from 
a short rhizome. The odor is faint, and the taste 
sweetish, bitter, and unpleasant. It is a power- 
ful and certain anthelmintic, with some purgative 



SPIR^A. 



and narcotic properties. It is given in powder, 
in the dose of one to two drachms for an adult, 
ten to tv/enty grains to a child ; to be repeated 
morning and evening, for a few days, and fol- 
lowed by an active purgative. 

PlNKROOT WITH CALOMEL. 

R. Powdered pinkroot ten grains 

Calomel four grains 

Mix. To be taken two mornings in suc- 
cession, and on the afternoon of the second 
day, followed by a purgative. For children 
above four years of age. Ellis. 

Pinkroot with Savine. 
R. Powdered pinkroot 

senna, each, two scruples 

savine twelve grains 

Mix. One, every morning, for three days, 

followed by a purgative. Ellis. 

Infusion of Pinkroot. 
R. Pinkroot half an ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for two hours, in a covered ves- 
sel, and strain. U. S. Ph. 

Four fl. drachms to a fl. ounce, to children ; 
four to eight fl. ounces to adults; morning and 
evening, followed by purgative. 

Compound Infusion of Pinkroot. 

R. Pinkroot half an ounce 

Senna two drachms 

Manna one ounce 

Fennel-seed two drachms to half an 

ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse. Half a wineglassful to a child, 

two years old, three times a-day. Ellis. 

R. Pinkroot 



one ounce 
one drachm 
two drachms 
one drachm 
two drachms 
half a drachm 



Bruised rhubarb 

Senna 

Semen contra 

Manna 

Coriander 

Boiling water one quart 

Infuse. A small teacupful, three times 
a-day. Hays. 

Simple Fluid Extract of Pinkroot. 

R. Pinkroot sixteen ounces 

Diluted alcohol sufficient 

Sugar twelve ounces 

Reduce the root to powder, macerate it in 

twice its weight of the diluted alcohol for 

twenty-four hours, then displace until four 

pints of tincture are obtained. Evaporate 

to ten fl. ounces, add the sugar, heat till 

dissolved : the whole to measure one pint. 

W. Procter. 



Compound Fluid Extract of 
Spigelia. 
R. Bruised spigelia four ounces 

Senna three ounces 

Savine one drachm 

Manna one ounce 

Sugar eight ounces 

Alcohol half a pint 

Boiling water two pints 

On the pinkroot, senna, and savine pour 
the boiling water, and cover till cool. Then 
add the alcohol, and let macerate for twenty- 
four hours; transfer to a displacement ap- 
paratus, and, having displaced, evaporate 
the product, at a low heat, to twelve fl. 
ounces, in which dissolve the manna and 
sugar, and evaporate to one pint. One 
fl. ounce contains the strength of two 
drachms of pinkroot and a drachm and 
a-half of senna. Dose, for a child, a tea- 
spoonful. T. Estlack. 

R. Pinkroot sixteen ounces (Av.) 

Senna eight ounces 

Powdered sugar twenty-four ounces 
Carbonate of potassa one ounce 

Oil of caraway 

Oil of anise, each, half a drachm 

Diluted alcohol sufficient 

Reduce the pinkroot and senna to a coarse 
powder, mix them with two pints of diluted 
alcohol, and macerate for two days. Put 
in a displacer, gradually add more diluted 
alcohol, until five pints have passed. Eva- 
porate this in a water-bath to twenty fl. 
ounces, add the carbonate of potassa. 
Triturate the oils with a portion of the 
sugar, then with the whole, mix this with 
the evaporated fluid, and apply a gentle 
heat. The whole should measure two 
pints. 

Dose, from half a teaspoonful, to a child 
of one to two years of age, to a tablespoon- 
ful for an adult. W. Procter. 



SPIR^A. 
Hardhack. 



The U. S. Pharm. indicates the root of Spirsea 
tomentosa as officinal; but this portion is less ac- 
tive than the leaves and flowers. It is a beau- 
tiful shrub, with spikes of rose-colored flowers, 
and leaves of a dark green above, and white 
beneath. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. pent. Nat. Syst. Rosacea?. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 701. Griffith, Med. Bot. 280. 

The leaves and flowers are usually sold in 
packages ; they have an odor not unlike that of 
black tea, and a bitter, very astringent taste. 



SPONGIA— STANNI SULPHURETUM. 



387 



The Hardhack is tonic and astringent, of con- 
siderable powers, and has the advantage of sel- 
dom being offensive to the stomach. 

Decoction of Hardhack. 
R. Hardhack one ounce 

Water one pint and a-half 

Boil down to one pint. Dose, from one 
to two fl. ounces. 

Extract op Hardhack. 
R. Hardhack at will 

Water sufficient 

Exhaust by the process of displacement, 
evaporate the product by means of a water- 
bath to proper consistence. Dose, five 
grains to a scruple. 



SPONGIA. 

Sponge. 

Sponge is the horny skeletons of small poly- 
morphous marine animals, found attached to 
submerged rocks in the seas of most warm cli- 
mates. As found in the shops, it is in the form 
of a light, porous mass, of a yellowish brown 
color, and very elastic, and readily imbibing 
fluids. 

It is used for the purpose of cleansing the 
surfaces of wounds and ulcers, and, in a com- 
pressed state, to form tents to dilate sinuses, &c. 
When burnt, or reduced to charcoal, it has been 
given successfully in some diseases; probably 
owing its efficacy to the presence of iodine. 

Burnt Sponge. 
R. Sponge at will 

Cut into pieces, separate any extraneous 
matters by beating, burn in a closed iron 
vessel till it becomes black and friable, 
then rub into fine powder. IT. S. Ph. 

Used in goitre, glandular swellings of a scro- 
fulous nature, &c. ; in doses of one to three 
drachms. 

Powder op Burnt Sponge. 

R. Burnt sponge ten grains 

Powdered rhubarb four grains 

Mix. To be taken morning and evening. 

In scrofula. Ilulse. 

Compound Powders op Burnt Sponge. 

R. Burnt sponge six drachms 
Powdered cinnamon 

ginger, each, one drachm 

Sulphate of potassa two drachms 

Sugar five drachms 

Mix. Greek Ph 

Dose, a teaspoonful, three times a-day, in scro- 
fula. 

R. Burnt sponge four drachms 

Carbonate of magnesia 
Nitre 



White sugar, each, two drachms 

Make powder. Dose, as above. Clarus. 

Bolus op Burnt Sponge. 
R. Burnt sponge one scruple 

Sulphate of potassa fifteen grains 
Balsam of sulphur ten drops 

Syrup sufficient 

Mix, and form two boluses. One, morn- 
ing and evening, in scrofula. Cadet. 

Electuary op Burnt Sponge. 
R . Burnt sponge half an ounce 

Syrup of orange 

peel one ounce and a-half 

Mix. Two to four spoonfuls a-day, in 
goitre, &c. Radius. 



STANNUM. 
Tin. 



Powder op Tin. 
R. Tin at will 

Melt in an iron vessel; while cooling, stir 
till reduced to powder, which is then to be 
sifted. U. & Ph. 

As an anthelmintic, in doses of half an ounce,, 
mixed with syrup or molasses, for several morn- 
ings, followed by an active purgative. 

Electuary op Tin. 

R. Powder of tin one ounce 

Extract of wormwood 
Powdered jalap, each, one drachm 
Compound syrup of chicory sufficient 

Mix. To be taken in twelve doses. Foy. 

Ointment op Tin. 

R. Amalgam of tin half an ounce 

Rose ointment one ounce 

Red precipitate two drachms 

Oil of peppermint twenty drops 

Rub well together. Said to be useful in 

hemorrhoids. Brera, 



STANNI CHLORIDUM. 

CnLORiDE op Tin. 

R. Tin at will 

Muriatic acid sufficient 

Dissolve, and crystallize. Van Mons.. 

A violent purgative, in doses of two grains.. 



STANNI SULPHURETUM. 

Sulphuret op Tin. 

R. Tin three parts 

Sulphur one part 

Heat in a crucible, as long as a flame 



STANNI OXIDUM-STRAMONIUM. 



arises, cool, and pulverize. As a vermi- 
fuge, in doses of ten to twenty grains. 

Van lions. 
Compound Powder of Sulphuret of 

Tin. 

R. Sulphuret of tin four parts 

Powdered jalap two parts 

Assafetida one part 

Mix. Twelve to twenty grains, three times 

a-day, as a vermifuge. Port. Ph. 



STANNI OXIDUM. 
Oxide of Tin. 
R. Tin at will 

Keep it melted in an open vessel, con- 
stantly stirring till it is reduced into a 
gray powder, and sift. Swediaur. 

Has been recommended in tape-worm, in 
doses of five or six grains, several times a-day. 



STAPHISAGRIA. 

Stavesacre. 

The seeds of Delphinium staphisagria, a beau- 
tiful annual plant, with terminal racemes of blue 
flowers; a native of the south of Europe. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Ranun- 
eulacece. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 750. Lindley, Med. Flor. 9. 

The seeds are large, somewhat triangular, of 
a brown color, a slight but unpleasant odor, and 
an acrid, bitter, nauseous taste. They are prin- 
cipally used to destroy lice in the hair, but also 
for other purposes. 

Decoction of Stavesacre. 

R. Stavesacre one ounce 

Water one pint and a-half 

Boil down to two-thirds, and strain. As 

a lotion in itch. Swediaur. 

Vinegar of Stavesacre. 
R. Stavesacre one part 

Vinegar sixteen parts 

Macerate and express. As a wash to de- 
stroy vermin in the hair. Beral. 

Ointment of Stavesacre. 
R. Stavesacre two parts 

Lard 

Suet, each, three parts 

Melt for some time, and strain. To de- 
stroy lice. Bruns. Ph. 



STRAMONIUM. 

Stramonium. 

Several parts of the Datura stramonium are 
used in medicine, as the root, leaves, and seeds. 
It is an annual herbaceous plant, a native of the 



United States, having a rank, fetid odor, and 
bearing large, funnel-shaped, white flowers. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. ]\at. Syst. Sola- 
naceas. 

Linn. Sp. PL 255. Griffith, Med. Bot. 400. 

The leaves have a fetid, narcotic odor, and a 
bitter, nauseous taste ; the odor is lost on drying, 
but the taste remains. The seeds are small, reni- 
form, of a brownish-black color, inodorous, of a 
bitter, somewhat acrid taste. Stramonium is a 
powerful narcotic, and is much used in a variety 
of affections, both internally and externally. 
The dose of the powdered leaves is from two 
to three grains ; of the seeds, about a grain. 

Pills of Stramonium Seeds. 

R. Powdered stramonium seeds ten grains 

camphor one drachm 

savine five scruples 

Extract of seneka four scruples 

Mix, and make pills of two grains. Dose, 

six, three times a-day. In rheumatism. 

Vogt. 

Compound Stramonium Pills. 

R. Extract of stramomium one drachm 

Soap two drachms 

Powdered gum Arahic one scruple 

liquorice two scruples 

Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient 

Make mass, and divide into sixty pills. 

One, night and morning, in asthma. 

Halford. 

Extract of Stramonium Seeds. 

R. Powdered stramonium seeds one pound 

Diluted alcohol sufficient 

Rub the powder with half a pint of the 

alcohol, and introduce into a displacement 

apparatus, exhaust by means of alcohol. 

Distil the filtered liquor, and evaporate the 

residue to a proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, a quarter to half a grain twice a-day, 

gradually increasing. 

Extract of Stramonium Leaves. 
R. Stramonium leaves one pound 

Bruise in a stone mortar, with a little water. 
Express, and heat the juice to boiling; 
strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. 
U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one grain, twice a-day, gradually increas- 
ing till it produces its effects. 

Mixture of Extract of Seeds of 
Stramonium. 
R. Extract of stramonium 

seeds twelve grains 

Antimonial wine half a fl. ounce 

Dissolve. Ten drops, every three hours, 
in an infusion of balm, as an antispas- 
modic. Hvfeland. 

Antirheumatic Lotion. 
R. Seeds of stramonium one ounce 



STYRAX-STRYCHNIA. 



Alcohol " one pint 

Infuse, strain, and add 

Opium one ounce 

Camphorated alcohol two fl. ounces 

Mix. In frictions to the diseased part. 

Pierquin. 

Syrup of Stramonium. 
R. Sugar fifteen ounces 

Tincture of stramonium two ounces 

Distilled water seven fl. ounces 

Mix, and form syrup without heat, and 
strain. Beral. 

R. Stramonium seeds one ounce 

Vinegar one pound 

Infuse for two days, strain, and add 

Sugar two pounds 

Dissolve. Wurt. Ph. 

Tincture of Stramonium Seeds. 
R. Stramonium seeds, bruised, four ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. U. 8. Ph. 

Dose, from twenty to forty drops, two or three 
times a-day, increasing till it affects the system. 

Tincture of Stramonium Leaves. 
R. Filtered juice of stramonium 

Alcohol (.847) equal parts 

Mix, and filter at the end of twenty-four 
hours. Beral. 

Ethereal Tincture of Stramonium. 
R. Stramonium seeds one part 

Sulphuric ether four parts 

Macerate for a week, and filter. Dose, 
two to three drops. Souheiran. 

Wine of Stramonium. 

R. Stramonium seeds two ounces 

Wine eight fl. ounces 

Alcohol one ounce 

Macerate for some days, and filter. Dose, 

six drops to a fl. scruple. Van llotis. 

Ointment of Stramonium. 
R. Fresh stramonium leaves one pound 
Lard three pounds 

Wax half a pound 

Boil the leaves in the lard, till they be- 
come crisp, then strain through linen, af- 
terwards add the wax, previously melted, 
and stir till cold. U. 8. Ph. 

A valuable anodyne application to painful 
hemorrhoids and tumors. 

R. Extract of stramonium one drachm 

Lard one ounce 

Rub together. Giordano. 

Oil of Stramonium. 
R. Stramonium leaves one part 



Olive oil two parts 

Heat till moisture is driven off, express, 
and strain. Cottereau. 



STYRAX, 

Storax, 

Is the concrete juice of Styrax officinale, a 
small tree, a native of the warm parts of Eu- 
rope, Syria, &c. It is procured by making in- 
cisions in the bark. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Styra- 



Linn. Sp. PL 635. Griffith, Med. Bot. 437. 

Several kinds of Storax are employed, that in 
grains, in mass, in calamita, and the liquid. It 
has a fragrant odor, and warm, aromatic taste. 
It is a stimulating expectorant. Dose, ten to 
twenty grains, twice a-day. 

Purified Storax. 

R. Storax at will 

Alcohol sufficient 

Dissolve, and strain ; distil off alcohol by 

gentle heat, till the storax is of proper 

consistence. U. S. Ph. 

Compound Pills of Storax. 
R. Purified storax three drachms 

Powdered opium 

Saffron, each, one drachm 

Beat together. Five grains contain one 
of opium. Lond. Ph. 

Syrup of Storax. 

R. Purified storax three ounces 

Alcohol one fl. ounce 

Water one pint 

Digest for twelve hours on a water-bath, 

and add 

Sugar two pounds 

Orange-flower water one fl. ounce 

Mix. Giordano. 



STRYCHNIA. 

Strychnine. 
R. Nux vomica, rasped, four pounds 

Powdered lime six ounces 

Muriatic acid three fl. ounces 

Alcohol 

Diluted sulphuric acid 

Solution of ammonia 

Purified animal charcoal 

Water, each, sufficient 

Digest the nux vomica in two gallons of 
water, acidulated with a fl. ounce of mu- 
riatic acid, for twenty-four hours; boil for 
two hours, express, and strain through 
linen. Boil residue twice successively, in 
the same quantity of acidulated water, and 
proceed as before. Mix the decoctions, 



STRYCHNIA ACETAS. 



390 

— < 

and evaporate to consistence of thin syrup ; 
add lime, previously mixed with a pint of 
water; boil for ten minutes, often stirring. 
Pour mixture into a double linen bag, and 
wash well with water; press, dry, and 
powder the precipitate. Treat repeatedly 
with boiling alcohol, till it loses its bitter- 
ness ; mix the solutions, and distil off the 
alcohol in a water-bath; mix the residue 
with water; apply heat; add sufficient di- 
luted sulphuric acid to dissolve the strych- 
nia; treat with animal charcoal at boiling 
temperature ; filter, evaporate, and crystal- 
lize. Dissolve the crystals in water ; add 
solution of ammonia to precipitate the 
strychnia. Dry on bibulous paper. 

U. S. Ph. 

R . Powdered nux vomica nine pounds 
Water 

Sulphuric acid, each, sufficient 

Powdered quicklime ten ounces 

Alcohol fifteen pints 

Mix the nux vomica with sufficient water 
to form a thin paste, and keep at the tem- 
perature of 70 or 80°, until gas ceases to 
form; express, and boil the residue in 
several successive portions of water, and 
express. Set liquid aside to deposit ; de- 
cant, and evaporate to three gallons. Add 
nine ounces of quicklime, and after six 
hours contact, express strongly ; heat the 
liquid to the boiling point, and add a 
slight excess of sulphuric acid; separate 
the liquid by decantation, and evaporate 
to four pints; add one ounce of quick- 
lime, and act as before, adding this pre- 
cipitate to the former ; dry, and powder ; 
digest in five pints of alcohol diluted with 
five pints of water, at a gentle heat ; 
separate precipitate, and boil in five pints 
of alcohol twice ; mix, and filter solu- 
tions ; distil off four-fifths, and set aside 
to crystallize. Molyn. 

Very active and dangerous. Dose, one-six- 
teenth to one-tenth of a grain, at first carefully 
watching the effects, and slowly increasing. 

Compound Powder of Strychnine. 
R. Strychnine one grain 

Black oxide of iron 

Sugar 

Gum Arabic, each, one drachm 

Rub well together, and divide into twelve 
or sixteen powders. Brera. 

Pills op Strychnine. 
R. Strychnine two grains 

Conserve of roses thirty-six grains 
Mix, and make twenty-four pills. One 



to two, morning and evening, in para- 
lysis. Magendie. 
R. Strychnine two grains 
Extract of valerian sufficient 
Mix well, and make thirty-two pills. 
One early in the morning, for five days, 
then one, morning and evening, in amau- 
rosis. Furnari. 

Stimulant Pills. 
R. Strychnia one grain 

Acetic acid one minim 

Crumb of bread one scruple 

Mix thoroughly, and make ten pills. 
One to be taken every six hours, in the 
paralysis arising from lead. 

A. T. Thomson. 

Tincture of Strychnine. 

R. Strychnine three grains 

Alcohol (.842) one fl. ounce 

Dissolve. Dose, from six to twenty-four 

drops, twice a-day. Magendie. 

Mixture of Strychnine. 
R. Strychnine one grain 

Distilled water two fl. ounces 

White sugar two drachms 

Acetic acid three drops 

Mix. One fl. drachm contains one-six- 
teenth of a grain. Beasley. 

Ointment of Strychnine. 
R. Strychnine sixteen grains 

Lard one ounce 

Rub well together. As a friction on pa- 
ralyzed parts. Bouchardat. 

Strychnia Collyrium. 
R. Strychnia two grains 

Diluted acetic acid one drachm 

Distilled water one ounce 

Mix. A few drops of this applied to the 
eye, several times a-day, is stated to be 
beneficial in amaurosis. Henderson. 

Liniment of Strychnine. 

R. Strychnine thirty grains 

Olive oil one ounce and a-half 

Rub well together. Ten drops to be rubbed 

on the temples, in amaurosis. Neligan. 



STRYCHNIA ACETAS. 

Acetate of Strychnine. 
R. Strychnine at will 

Acetic acid sufficient 

to dissolve; evaporate, and crystallize. 

Solution of Acetate of Strychnine. 

R . Acetate of strychnine three grains 

Alcohol one fl. drachm 



STRYCHNIA MURIAS-SUCCINUM. 



391 



Cinnamon water seven fl. drachms 
' Dissolve. Five drops twice a-day. 

Radius. 
R. Strychnine one grain 

Distilled vinegar one fl. drachm 

water nine fl. drachms 

Mix. Dose, one fl. drachm containing one- 
tenth of a grain. A. T. Thomson. 

Tincture of Acetate op Strychnine. 
R. Acetate of strych- 
nine one grain and a-half 
Alcohol half fl. ounce 
Dissolve. Twenty to thirty drops, twice 
a-day, in syphilitic pains in the hones. 

Radius. 



STRYCHNIA MURIAS. 

Muriate of Strychnine. 
R. Strychnine at will 

Muriatic acid sufficient 

to saturate; evaporate, and crystallize. 

Cottereau. 



STRYCHNIA IODAS. 
Iodate op Strychnine. 
R. Strychnine at will 

Iodic acid sufficient 

to saturate; dissolve in boiling alcohol, 
filter, and crystallize. Magendie. 

R. Solution of muriate of 

strychnine at will 

Solution of iodate of soda sufficient 

to precipitate; treat as the last. Jourdan. 

Dose, one-eighth of a grain, in pill. One, 

morning, and evening, gradually increasing. In 

paraplegia. 



STRYCHNINE NITRAS. 
Nitrate op Strychnine. 
R. Strychnine at will 

Nitric acid sufficient 

to saturate, with the aid of heat; filter 
while hot, evaporate, and crystallize. More 
active than strychnine. Giordano. 

Ointment of Nitrate op Strychnine. 
R. Nitrate of strych- 
nine one grain and a-half 
Lard two drachms 
Rub well together. Wcndt. 



STRYCHNIiE SULPHAS. 

Sulphate op Strychnine. 
R. Strychnine at will 



Sulphuric acid sufficient 

to saturate at a gentle heat ; filter, whilst 
hot, evaporate, and crystallize. Cottereau. 



SUCCINUM, 
Amber, 

Is a solid body, of various shades of yellow, 
translucent, or opaque, of a vitreous fracture, brit- 
tle, tasteless, inodorous, except when heated, 
then exhaling a peculiar, penetrating, but rather 
agreeable smell. It is a resin found in a fossil 
state, in various parts of the world. Not much 
used in medicine, but extensively employed in 
the arts. 

Fumigating Powder. 

R. Amber 
Mastic 

Juniper berries, each, four parts 

Cascarilla one part 

Powder, and mix. Sclierf. 

Oil op Amber. 

R. Powdered amber at will 

Mix, with equal weight of sand in a glass 
retort, to fill not more than one-half of it. 
Distil on a sand-bath, gradually increasing 
the heat. Separate the oil from the pro- 
duct, and keep in well-closed bottles. 

U. S. Ph. 

Purified Oil op Amber. 
R. Oil of amber one pint 

Water six pints 

Mix in a glass retort; distil till four pints 
of water, with the oil, have passed over; 
separate the oil. U. S. Ph. 

Stimulant and antispasmodic ; in doses of five 
to fifteen drops; also used externally. 

Artificial Musk. 
R. Oil of amber one part 

Add gradually 

Nitric acid two parts 

Let react for twenty-four hours, and wash 
in cold water. Tan Mons. 

R. Strong nitric 

acid three drachms and a-half 

Add very gradually to 

Rectified oil of amber one drachm 
In a large, glass vessel. When action has 
ceased, permit to rest for twenty -four hours, 
remove the upper or resinous portion, and 
wash it well in cold and then in hot water, 
till all acid is removed. Williams. 

Useful in those cases in which musk is appli- 
cable. 

Tincture of Artificial Musk. 
R. Artificial musk one part 

Alcohol eight parts 



392 



SULPHUR. 



Dissolve with a gentle heat. Forty drops 
as an antispasmodic. Useful in doses of 
five or six drops, in pertussis in children. 
Van Mons. 
R. Artificial musk two drachms 

Alcohol eight ounces 

Dissolve, and filter. Dose, from twenty- 
five drops to a drachm, according to age. 
Williams. 

Emulsion of Artificial Musk. 
R. Artificial musk twelve grains 

Blanched almonds No. four 

Triturate well together, and gradually add 

Water six ounces 

Dose, for a child of two years, two tea- 
spoonfuls. Valuable in hooping-cough. 
Hufeland. 

Liniment of Oil of Amber. 

R. Oil of amber two fl. drachms 

olives half fl. ounce 

Laudanum two fl. drachms 

Brandy three fl. ounces 

Mix. To be rubbed between the shoulders, 

in pertussis and infantile convulsions. 

Parrish. 
R . Oil of amber 

cloves, each, half an ounce 
olives one ounce 

Mix. Beasley. 

R. Oil of amber one drachm 

nutmeg two drachms and a-half 
Mix. As a friction in hysteria, and cephal- 
algia. Wurt. Ph. 

Tincture of Amber. 
R. Powdered amber one ounce 

Diluted alcohol sixteen ounces 

Digest for six days, and filter. Par. Cod. 
Dose, forty to sixty drops. 

Ethereal Tincture of Amber. 
R. Oil of amber one part 

Sulphuric ether fifteen parts 

Mix. Dose, fifteen to thirty drops. Beral. 

Alkaline Tincture of Amber. 
R. Powdered amber two ounces 

Solution of carbonate 

of potassa half an ounce 

Diluted alcohol eight fl. ounces 

Digest for some days, and filter. Dose, 
twenty to forty drops. Spielman. 

Balsam of Amber. 

R. Essence of amber two fl. ounces 

myrrh one fl. ounce 

turpentine half fl. ounce 

Mix. Digest at a gentle heat. As an 

antispasmodic friction. Radius. 



R. Powdered amber one ounce 

Oil of turpentine two parts 

Digest at gentle heat. Bate. 

Eau de Luce. 

R. Oil of amber two drachms 

White soap 

Balsam of Mecca, each, fifteen grains 
Rectified spirit six ounces 

Macerate for eight days, and filter. To 
one fl. drachm of this add two fl. ounces 
of water of ammonia. Used in the treat- 
ment of snake bites, as an antispasmodic, 
&c. Redwood. 

Mixture of Oil of Amber. 
R. Oil of amber eighty drops 

Gum Arabic 

Sugar, each, half an ounce 

Tincture of tolu two fl. drachms 

Distilled water four fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful, every two or three 

hours, in spasmodic cough. Ellis. 



SULPHUR. 

Sulphur. 



Three officinal forms of Sulphur are admitted 
in the U. S. Ph. Sulphur, or Sublimed Sulphur, 
Washed Sulphur, and Precipitated Sulphur. 

Sublimed Sulphur. 
R. Sulphur at will 

Heat at a temperature of 500° to 600°, in 
an earthen vessel, and condense the fumes 
in a large receiver. 

Washed Sulphur. 
R. Sublimed sulphur at will 

Wash thoroughly with water, as long as 
any acidity is present. 

Precipitated Sulphur. 

R. Sublimed sulphur one pound 

Lime one pound and a-half 

Water two gallons 

Muriatic acid sufficient 

Slake the lime with a little water, mix it 

with the sulphur, add the rest of the water, 

boil for two or three hours, occasionally 

adding water, and filter. Dilute the liquid 

with an equal bulk of water, add sufficient 

muriatic acid to precipitate the sulphur. 

Wash the precipitate, till the washings are 

tasteless, and dry it. 

Powder of Sulphur and Camphor. 
R. Washed sulphur 

Sugar, each, half a drachm 

Camphor six grains 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 

every hour in mercurial cachexy. Radius. 



SULPHUR. 



393 



Powder of Sulphur and Liquorice. 
R. Flowers of sulphur one drachm 

Powdered fennel seed two drachms 
liquorice four drachms 

Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, in ca- 
tarrh. Phoebus. 

Powder of Sulphur and Orris Eoot. 
R. Washed sulphur 

eight to eighteen grains 
Sugar of milk one scruple 

Powdered orris 

root one to three drachms 

Mix, and divide into eight powders. One, 
every two hours, in milk, in the catarrh 
of children. Kopp. 

Compound Powder of Sulphur. 

R . Flowers of sulphur one ounce 

Powdered fennel seed one drachm 
gum Arabic 

sugar, each, two ounces 
Mix. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm, 

in dysentery. Van 3Ions. 

R . Flowers of sulphur half an ounce 

Powdered liquorice one ounce 

orris root two drachms 

benzoin one scruple 

sugar two ounces 

Oil of fennel 

anise, each, ten drops 
Mix. Dose, from a scruple to half a 

drachm. Wert. Ph. 

R. Flowers of sulphur two drachms 

Cremor tartar six drachms 

Powdered fennel seed one drachm 

sugar half an ounce 

Mix. A spoonful two or three times 

a-day, as a laxative, in constipation. 

Radius. 
R. Sublimed sul- 
phur one drachm and a-half 
Brown sugar 

Cremor tartar, each, two drachms 

Mix, and make powder. To be taken 
twice a-day, in itch, impetigo, or acne. 

Ainslie. 

Powder of Sulphur and Cremor 
Tartar. 
R. Sublimed sulphur half an ounce 

Cremor tartar one ounce 

Mix with molasses. A teaspoonful, four 
or five times a-day, to children, in cuta- 
neous affections. Ellis. 

Powder of Sulphur and Magnesia. 
R. Precipitated sulphur 

Magnesia, each, half an ounce 



Mix. A teaspoonful, four or five times 
a-day, as an aperient. Ellis. 

Powder of Sulphur and Antimony. 
R. Washed sulphur two drachms 

Golden sulph. of antimony 
Camphor, each, eight grains 

Sugar two scruples 

Mix, and make a powder. Hufeland. 

As a diaphoretic. 

Sulphur Electuary. 
R. Washed sulphur 

Cremor tartar, each, half an ounce 

Simple or lemon syrup sufficient 

Mix, and make electuary. To keep the 

bowels open in hemorrhoids of pregnant 

women. A teaspoonful, at night. 

Dewees. 
R. Precipitated sul- 
phur one drachm and a-half 
Orange marmalade half an ounce 
Pulp of tamarinds two ounces 
Sugar one ounce 
Mix. Three spoonfuls a-day, in hemor- 
rhoids. Radius. 
R. Washed sulphur one ounce and a-half 
Confection of senna two ounces 
Nitre one drachm 
Syrup of orange peel sufficient 
Mix. One, or two drachms, once or 
twice a-day, in hemorrhoidal affections. 

Ellis. 
R. Flowers of sulphur 

Burnt sponge, each, two drachms 

Prepared oyster shell one drachm 
Conserve of 

roses two ounces and a-half 

Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times 
a-day, as an alterative, in scrofulous affec- 
tions. Yogt. 

Compound Electuary of Sulphur. 
R. Sublimed sulphur half an ounce 

Cremor tartar one drachm and a-half 
Confection of senna one ounce 

Simple syrup sufficient 

Mix, and make electuary. A teaspoon- 
ful, at bedtime, for hemorrhoids. Ainslie. 

Linctus with Sulphur. 
R. Washed sulphur half a drachm 

Flowers of benzoin fifteen grains 

Syrup of violets one ounce and a-half 
Oxymel one ounce 

Mix. A spoonful, occasionally, as an ex- 
pectorant. Bories. 

Electuary of Sulphur. 
R. Washed sulphur half an ounce 

Confection of senna one ounce and a-half 



394 SULPHUR. 

Syrup sufficient 

Mix. A teaspoonful, morning and even- 
ing, in hemorrhoids. Lewis Disp. 

Sulphur Mixture. 
R. Precipitated sulphur two drachms 
Laudanum twenty drops 

Water four fl. ounces 

Mis. Three spoonfuls, a-day, in mercu- 
rial disease. • Radius. 
R. Precipitated sulphur two drachms 
Fennel water three fl. ounces 
Cinnamon water one fl. ounce 
Syrup of opium half a fl. ounce 
Mix. A spoonful every two hours, in 
diabetes mellitus. Augustin. 
R. Washed sulphur one scruple 
Mucilage seven drachms 
Sugar half an ounce 
Rose water one fl. drachm 
A teaspoonful, every hour, in pectoral af- 
fections of young children. Phoebus. 

Balsam of Sulphur. 
R. Washed sulphur two ounces 

Olive oil sixteen fl. ounces 

Heat the oil, gradually stir in the sul- 
phur till it combines. Land. Ph., 1824. 

Used as an external application to foul ulcers. 

Ethereal Balsam or Sulphur. 
R. Terebinthinated balsam of sulphur 

Sulphuric ether, each, half a drachm 

Dippel's animal oil six drachms 

Mix. In flatulent colic. Augustin. 

Terebinthinated Balsam op 

Sulphur. 

R. Flowers of sulphur one part 

Oil of turpentine four parts 

Dissolve on a sand-bath. As an external 
application to ulcers, &c. Van Mons. 

Ointment of Sulphur. 
R. Flowers of sulphur one pound 

Lard two pounds 

Mix. U. S. Ph. 

As an application in itch. 

Compound Sulphur Ointment. 
R. Flowers of sulphur one ounce 

Ammoniated mercury 

Benzoic acid, each, one drachm 

Oil of bergamot 

Sulphuric acid, each, one fl. drachm 

Nitrate of potassa two drachms 

Lard half a pound 

Melt the lard, add the other ingredients, 

and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. 

As an application in itch, tinea capitis, crusta 

lactea, &c. 



Powdered white hellebore two ounces 
Nitrate of potassa one drachm 

Soft soap half a pound 

Lard one pound and a-half 

Oil of bergamot thirty minims 

Mix. Land. Ph. 

Used as the last, but more irritating. 

R. Flowers of sulphur two parts 

Carbonate of potassa one part 

Lard eight parts 

Mix. In itch. Foy. 

R. Flowers of sulphur two ounces 

Powdered muriate of 

ammonia two drachms 

Oil of mint one drachm 

Lard four ounces 

Mix. In cases of inveterate itch. Deicees. 

R. Washed sulphur ten ounces 

Carbonate of potassa half an ounce 
Cinnabar one ounce 

Oil of bergamot half a fl. ounce 

Lard ten ounces 

Mix. In itch. Bateman. 

Ointment of Sulphur and Camphor. 

R. Washed sulphur half a drachm 

Camphor one scruple 

Rose ointment one ounce 

Oil of roses three drops 

Mix. As an application in psorophthalmia. 

Allen. 
Ointment of Sulphur and Soap. 

R. Flowers of sulphur one part 

Soft soap two parts 

Mix. In itch. Radius. 



R. Sulphur 



half a pound 



Ointment of Sulphur 
R. Flowers of sulphur 

Sulphate of zinc 

Oil of bayberries, each, 

Lard 
Mix. In tinea capitis. 
R. Flowers of sulphur 

Oxide of zinc 

Oil of bayberries 

Lard 
Mix. As last. 



and Zinc. 
two ounces 

one ounce 

six ounces 

Sax. Ph. 

four parts 

three parts 

six parts 

twelve parts 

Van Mons. 

Liniment of Sulphur and Soap. 
R. Soap three ounces 

Water six ounces 

Dissolve with a gentle heat, and add 

Flowers of sulphur three ounces 

Used as a lotion in itch. Lugol. 

Cerate of Sulphur. 
R. Flowers of sulphur two parts 

Cold cream seven parts 

Oil of almonds one part 

Mix. Par. Cod. 



SULPHURIS CARBURETUM— TABACUM. 



395 



SULPHURIS CARBURETUM, 

OR, 

CARBONIS SULPHURETUM. 

SULPHURET OF CARBON. 

R. Sulphuret of iron eleven parts 

Charcoal three parts 

Mix, and introduce into a stone retort, fur- 
nished with a glass tube, dipping into water. 
Separate the sulphuret which collects at the 
bottom of the water in the recipient, and re- 
distil it from chloride of lime. Van Mons. 
R. Sulphur at will 

Pass the vapor slowly through charcoal, 
heated to redness, in a porcelain tube, 
collect the product in a receiver, and purify 
by another distillation. Cottereau. 

As a sudorific in rheumatism ; two to three 
drops. Also used externally. 

Drops op Sulphuret op Carbon. 
R. Sulphuret of carbon one fl. drachm 

Alcohol half fl. ounce 

Mix. Four to six drops, every two hours, 
in rheumatism. Wutzer. 

Mixture of Sulphuret of Carbon. 
R. Sulphuret of carbon one scruple 

Cow's milk six fl. ounces 

Sugar two drachms 

Mix. A tablespoonful four times a-day, 
in hypertrophy of the stomach and con- 
traction of the oesophagus. Claries. 

Liniment of Sulphuret of Carbon. 

R. Sulphuret of carbon half an ounce 

Oil of almonds one ounce 

Mix. As an embrocation in gouty nodes. 

Mansfield. 

R. Sulphuret of carbon 

Camphorated oil 



R. Camphor 
Dissolve in 

Sulphuret of carbon 



one drachm 
one ounce 
Beasley. 
two drachms 



half 



And add 

Alcohol one fl. ounce 

As an embrocation in rheumatism. 

Lampadius. 
R. Sulphuret of carbon two fl. drachms 
Camphorated ammon. 

liniment two fl. ounces 

Mix. As an embrocation, in rheumatism. 

Wutzer. 



SULPHURIS IODIDUM. 

Iodide of Sulphur. 

R. Iodine four ounces 

Sulphur one ounce 

Rub the iodine and sulphur together, in a 
porcelain or glass mortar. Put the mix- 
ture into a matrass, close the orifice slightly, 
and apply a gentle heat, so as to darken 
the mass, but not melt it. When uniformly 
dark, increase the fire so as to melt the 
iodine, then incline the vessel in different 
directions, to return to the mass any por- 
tions that have been condensed on the sur- 
face of the vessel; lastly, allow to cool, 
break the matrass, and put the iodide into 
well-stopped bottles. JJ. S. Ph. 

Used as an external application, in cutaneous 
affections. 

Powder of Iodide of Sulphur. 
R. Powdered iodide of sulphur ten grains 

Powdered gum Arabic sufficient 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
morning and evening, for an adult. Use- 
ful in porrigo, prurigo, impetigo, and 
tinea, also in nocturnal incontinence of 
urine. Escolar. 

Ointment of Iodide of Sulphur. 
R. Iodide of sulphur five parts 

Lard ninety-six parts 

Mix. Foy. 

The strength is to be varied according to cir- 
cumstances. 



TABACUM. 

Tobacco. 

Tobacco is the leaves of Nicotiana tabacvm, an 
annual, herbaceous plant, a native of the warmer 
parts of America, and extensively cultivated in 
the United States, and elsewhere. There are 



numerous varieties, but, in all of them, the leaves 
are the part that is used. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Sysl. Solan- 
aceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 258. Griffith, Med. Bot. 493. 

Tobacco, as found in commerce, is in bundles of 
yellowish brown, dried leaves, having a narcotic, 



396 



TABACUM. 



penetrating odor, and a bitterish, nauseous, acrid 
taste. It has the powers of a sedative narcotic, 
with those of an emetic and diuretic ; it also acts 
as an errhine and sialogogue. In large doses it 
acts as a poison. It is employed to produce re- 
laxation in spasmodic affections, as a diuretic, 
&C. 

Compound Powder op Tobacco. 
R. Powdered tobacco 

valerian, each, two drachms 
Oil of lavender 

marjoram, each, three drops 

Mix. Used as a cephalic snuff. Boeli. 

R Powdered tobacco two grains 

Tartar emetic one grain 

Powdered sugar two drachms 

gum Arabic half a drachm 

Mix, and form twenty powders. One, every 

two hours, in hooping-cough. Petschaft. 

Extract op Tobacco. 
R. Cut tobacco four ounces 

Water two pints 

Boil, and let simmer for two or three hours, 
strain, and evaporate to consistence of ex- 
tract. For external use in neuralgia. 

Chippendale. 

Pills of Tobacco. 

R. Extract of tobacco one drachm 

liquorice one ounce 

Vinegar of squills sufficient 

Mix, and make one hundred and eighty pills. 

Dose, one to three in dropsy. Van Mons. 

Wine op Tobacco. 

R. Tobacco, cut, one ounce 

Wine one pint 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. U. S. Ph. 

From ten to twenty minims, as a diuretic. 

Tincture op Tobacco. 

R. Cut tobacco one ounce 

Diluted alcohol one pint 

Digest for three days, express, and filter. 

Dose, as the wine. Auguslin. 

Infusion op Tobacco. 
R. Tobacco one drachm 

Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for an hour, in a covered vessel, 
and strain. U. S. Ph. 

Used as an enema: one-half only should be 
used at a time; employed in strangulated hernia, 
obstinate colic, &c. Great caution must be used, 
as dangerous effects have followed its adminis- 
tration. 

Mixture of Tobacco. 
R. Tobacco one drachm 

Boiling water two ounces 

Infuse for twenty minutes, filter, and add 



Alcohol two fl. drachms 

Thirty to fifty drops, twice or thrice a-day, 
in hydrothorax and dysuria. Fowler. 

Lotion op Tobacco. 

R. Tobacco two drachms to half an ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse. As a lotion in psora, but must be 

used with great caution. Ellis. 

Cataplasm of Tobacco. 
R. Tobacco one ounce 

Beat up with water, and form cataplasm. 
To be applied to throat in croup, and 
spasm of glottis, &c. Ellis. 

Ointment of Tobacco. 
R. Fresh tobacco, cut, one ounce 

Lard one pound 

Boil over a gentle fire, till the leaves be- 
come friable, strain through linen. 

U. S. Ph. 

In irritable ulcers, tinea capitis, &c. To be 
used with caution. 

R. Powdered tobacco 

Flowers of sulphur, each, four ounces 
Powdered white hellebore two ounces 
Oleander leaves one ounce 

Common salt ten drachms 

Rose ointment two pounds 

Mix. As an application in psora, &c. 

Taddei. 

R. Extract of tobacco one drachm 

Simple cerate one ounce 

Mix. As a friction in neuralgia. 

Chippendale. 

Oil op Tobacco. 
R . Kentucky tobacco • at will 

Introduce it into an earthen or iron retort, 
connected with a receiver, which should be 
furnished with a tube, to conduct the in- 
condensable gases to a chimney ; heat the 
retort to the temperature of 600° Fahr., 
or thereabout, until the empyreumatic oil 
ceases to distil; separate the black tarry 
from the acid liquor in the receiver, and 
preserve it for use. 

NlCOTINA. 

R. Kentucky tobacco at will 

Cut in pieces, and extract it with water; 
evaporate to an extract, exhaust this with 
alcohol; distil off the alcohol, treat the soft 
extract with an excess of potash in water ; 
agitate this with ether, in separate portions, 
till the impure nicotine is removed; unite 
the ethereal liquid, add an excess of pul- 
verized oxalic acid, wash the oxalate of 
nicotine which precipitates with ether, then 
treat it with an aqueous solution of potash, 



TAMARINDUS— TAPIOCA. 



and again agitate the liquid with ether to 
remove the alkaloid, which is obtained by 
distilling off the ether in the form of a 
light brown, syrupy liquid, and consists of 
nicotine, ether, water, and some ammonia. 
The last three bodies may be removed by 
heating the nicotine in a retort to the 
temperature of 284° F., in a current of 
hydrogen, for twelve hours; then, by rais- 
ing the heat to 356° F., the nicotine dis- 
tils over pure. Schloessing. 



TAMARINDUS. 

Tamarinds. 

Tamarinds are the preserved fruit of the 
Tamarindus Indica, a large tree, a native of the 
East Indies, and extensively cultivated in the 
tropical parts of America. Those brought here, 
are principally derived from the West Indies. 

Sex. Syst. Diadelph. triand. Nat. Syst. Faba- 
ceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 48. Griffith, Med. Bot. 262. 

The preserved pods, as they come to us, are 
in a dark-colored adhesive mass, formed of 
pulp, fragments of the pods, seeds, and syrup, 
of a sweet acidulous taste. They are cooling 
and laxative; and, when mixed with water, 
form a grateful drink in febrile diseases. 

Pulp of Tamarinds. 
R. Tamarinds at will 

Digest in a small quantity of water, then 
pass through a sieve. U. S. Ph. 

Electuary of Tamarinds. 

R . Pulp of tamarinds one ounce and a-half 

Cremor tartar half an ounce 

Syrup of raspberries sufficient 

Mix. Two teaspoonfuls morning and 

evening, as a laxative. Radius. 

Infusion of Tamarinds. 

R. Pulp of tamarinds one ounce 

Boiling water two pints 

Infuse for one hour, and strain. As a 

cooling drink in fevers. Cotlereau. 

Tamarind Whey. 
R. Milk three pints 

Tamarinds one ounce 

Boil, and strain. As a cooling drink. 

Foy. 

TANACETUM. 
Tansy. 

Tansy or Tanacetum vulgare, is a perennial 
herbaceous plant, with numerous yellow flow- 
ers; a native of Europe, and generally cultivat- 
ed in our gardens, and has also become natural- 
ized in some places. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Asteraceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1184. Griffith, Med. Bot. 406. 



397 



The whole plant is officinal ; it has a peculiar, 
and strong odor, diminished by drying; and a 
warm, bitter, aromatic taste. It is an aromatic 
bitter, and has been praised in intermittents, 
hysteria, amenorrhcea, as an anthelmintic, &c. 
As a vermifuge, the seeds are to be preferred. 

Infusion of Tansy. 

R. Fresh tansy one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Infuse, and strain. Internally, and as an 

injection against ascarides. Niemann. 

Extract of Tansy. 
R. Tansy 

Alcohol, each, one pound 

Water eight pints 

Digest for three days, express, distil off 
the alcohol, and evaporate to proper con- 
sistence. Dose, six to twenty grains. 

Giordano. 

Oil of Tansy. 

R. Tansy at will 

Water sufficient 

Distil, and separate the oil. Guibourt. 

Pills of Tansy. 
R. Oil of tansy one scruple 

Extract of English 

walnut two drachms 

Powdered marsh mallow sufficient 

Mix, and make sixty pills. Three to five 

every two hours, as a vermifuge. Radius. 

Compound Tincture of Tansy. 
R. Tansy one ounce 

Wormwood 

Rhubarb, each, three ounces 

Sherry wine two fl. ounces 

Diluted alcohol twenty fl. ounces 

Digest for eight days, and filter. Dose, 

one to two fl. drachms, two or three 

times a-day, as a vermifuge. Van Mons. 



TAPIOCA. 
Tapioca 

Is a fecula obtained from the root of Janipha 
manihot, a shrub like, herbaceous plant, a nativo 
of the tropical parts of America, where it is 
largely cultivated under the name of Cassava, 
and forms an important article of food. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. monadclph. Nat. Syst. Eu- 
pborbiaeeae. 

Kunth. ii. 85. Griffith, Med. Bot. 601. 

Tapioca is found in the shops, in the form of 
irregular, rough, white grains, having little odor 
or taste, soluble in hot water, and affording a 
bland and nutritious diet for the side and conva- 
lescent. 

Tapioca Jelly. 
R. Tapioca two spoonfuls 

Water one pint 



TARAXACUM. 



Boil gently for an hour, or till it becomes 
gelatinous; flavor with sugar, wine, &c, 
according to circumstances. Ellis. 

Tapioca Pudding. 
R. Yolks of eggs two 

Sugar half an ounce 

Beat together, and stir the mixture with 

Tapioca mucilage one pint 

Bake in a slow oven. The mucilage 
should be made with milk, not water. 

A. T. Thomson. 



TARAXACUM. 

Dandelion. 

This officinal article is the root of Taraxacum 
dens lionis, a small, herbaceous plant, with a 
perennial, fusiform root. It is a native of Eu- 
rope, but has become abundantly naturalized in 
this country. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. equal. Nat. Syst. Asteracece. 

Haller, i. 23. Griffith, Med. Bot. 414. 

The root is fusiform, of a light brown color 
externally, succulent, inodorous, and of a muci- 
laginous, bitterish taste. It is aperient, diuretic, 
and somewhat tonic, and thought to be resolvent 
in engorgements of the liver. 

Decoction of Dandelion. 

R. Bruised dandelion root two ounces 

Water two pints 

Boil down to a pint, and strain. U. S. Ph. 

A wineglassful, two or three times a-day, as a 

diuretic, &c. 

Compound Infusion of Dandelion. 

R. Infusion of dandelion four fl. ounces 

Extract of dandelion two drachms 

Carbonate of soda half a drachm 

Tartrate of potassa three drachms 

Tincture of rhubarb three fl. drachms 

henbane twenty drops 

Mix. One-third part, three times a-day, 

in dropsical and visceral affections. 

Meigs. 

Fluid Extract of Dandelion. 
R . Dandelion root, fresh, thirty-two ounces 
Slice it, and reduce to a pulp. Mix this 
with one-sixth its bulk of alcohol, mace- 
rate for twenty-four hours, and express 
strongly. Add a pint of water containing 
a little alcohol, and again express. Eva- 
porate the mixed products to twelve fl. 
ounces, add four fl. ounces of alcohol, and 
filter. 

A teaspoonful is equal to half a drachm 
of the extract obtained from the expressed 
juice. It may be made from sixteen 
ounces of the dried root, reduced to a 
coarse powder, macerated in two pints of 



water mixed with half a pint of alcohol, 
for two days, expressed, &c, as above. 

W. Procter. 

Extract of Dandelion. 
R . Root of dandelion, bruised, one pound 
Water one gallon 

Boil down to four pints, express, and 
strain, then evaporate to proper con- 
sistence. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, a scruple to a drachm, three times a-day, 
alone, or dissolved in cinnamon or mint water. 

R. Bruise the recent root collected in 
September; add one-fourth its bulk of al- 
cohol; allow the whole to macerate twelve 
hours, express powerfully, add a little 
dilute alcohol, and again express. Eva- 
porate the mixed liquids in a water-bath 
to the proper consistence. W. Procter. 

Pills of Extract of Dandelion. 
R. Extract of dandelion half a drachm 

Powdered liquorice sufficient 

Mix, and make eight pills. One, three 
times a-day. In dropsy, and diseases of 
the urinary apparatus. Ellis. 

R . Extract of dandelion 

Soap, each, one ounce 

Liquid acetate of potassa sufficient 

Mix, and make pills of four grains. Four 

to six in a day, as diuretic, &c. St. Marie. 

Pills of Dandelion and Blue Mass. 
R. Extract of dandelion half a drachm 
Blue pill five to ten grains 

Powdered uva ursi sufficient 

Mix, and make ten pills. One, thrice a- 
j day. In dropsy connected with liver dis- 
ease. Ellis. 

Mixture of Dandelion. 

! R. Extract of dandelion two ounces 

Peppermint water six fl. ounces 

Clarified honey one ounce 

Mix. Two spoonfuls, every three hours. 

Richter. 

R. Extract of dandelion half a drachm 

Decoction of dandelion nine fl. drachms 

Spirit of nitric ether one fl. drachm 

Syrup of ginger two fl. drachms 

Mix. To be taken three times a-day, as a 

diuretic in anasarca and ascites. Sjorague. 

R. Cremor tartar two drachms 

Bruised cloves two scruples 

Sugar one ounce 

Decoction of dandelion one pound 
Macerate for two hours, and strain. One- 
fourth to be given every six hours, in 
dropsy. Sprague. 



TEREBINTHINA. 



Clyster of Dandelion. 
R. Dandelion three ounces 

Bran one ounce 

Water sixteen fl. ounces 

Boil down to eight fl. ounces; add, at close, 

Chamomile 

Valerian, each, two drachms 

Strain, for two injections. Much praised 
in obstructions of the bowels. Berands. 



TEKEBINTHINA. 

Turpentine. 

Turpentine is the juice of several species of 
the Pine tribe, and is also procured from trees of 
other orders. That used in the United States is 
from several species of Pinus and Abies. All 
the turpentines are possessed of much the same 
properties ; they have an aromatic odor, and a 
somewhat pungent and bitterish taste. They 
are stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic, and, in large 
doses, purgative. They are also used externally 
as rubefacients. 

Turpentine Pills. 
R. Turpentine one drachm 

Divide into fifteen pills. One, four or five 
times a-day, in affections of the urinary 
organs. Ellis. 

Pills of Turpentine and G-uaiacum. 
R. Powdered guaiacum one drachm 

Turpentine sufficient 

Mix, and make fifteen pills. One, thrice 
a-day; in gleet and leucorrhcea. They 
sometimes cause strangury. Ellis. 

Pills op Turpentine and Magnesia. 
R. Turpentine fourteen drachms 

Calcined magnesia thirty-six grains 
Mix, and make pills of six grains, at the 
end of twelve hours. In diseases of the 
urinary organs. MoncJwn. 

Pills of Turpentine and Rhubarb. 
R Turpentine two ounces 

Extract of rhubarb three drachms 
Camphor two drachms 

Mix, and make pills of four grains. Dose, 
three, thrice a-day, in leucorrhcea and 
gonorrhoea. St. Marie. 

Pills of Turpentine and Myrrh. 
R. Turpentine 

Spermaceti half an ounce 

Powdered myrrh two drachms 

olibanum sufficient 

Mix, and make pills of three grains. One 

every three hours, in chronic catarrh. 

Cadet. 
Pills of Turpentine and Jalap. 
R. Turpentine one drachm 



Soap of jalap half a drachm 

Extract of henbane four grains 

Calomel eight grains 

Make pills of twelve grains. Dose, four 

every three hours, for two days. As an 

anthelmintic. Augustin. 

Electuary of Turpentine. 
R. Turpentine 



Syrup sufficient 

Mix. Three teaspoonfuls a-day, in dropsy. 

Radius. 

Turpentine Clyster. 

R. Venice turpentine half a fl. ounce 

Yolk of egg one 

Infusion of flaxseed ten fl. ounces 

Rapeseed oil one fl. ounce 

Mix. In colic, and obstinate constipation. 

Ph. JVbscom. Ed. 

Liniment of Turpentine. 
R. Yellow wax one part 

Melt, and add 
Turpentine 

Oil of turpentine, each, one part 

Mix. Much praised in chronic ulcers on 

the legs. Van Mons. 

R. Yellow wax half a pound 

Olive oil one pound 

Red saunders two ounces 

Turpentine one pound 

Melt together, strain, and add 

Camphor two drachms 

As an application to contusions and ulcera- 
tions. Van lions. 
R. Spirit of turpentine 

Olive oil, each, one ounce and a-half 
Dilute sulphuric acid three drachms 
Mix. As an embrocation in rheumatism. 
Chapman. 
Ointment of Turpentine. 
R. Turpentine two pounds 

Simple ointment nine ounces 

Melt with a gentle heat, constantly stir- 
ring. Austrian Ph. 

Compound Ointment of Turpentine. 

R. Mucilage one pound 

Fresh butter two pounds 

Olive oil three pounds and a-half 

Melt together, and add 

Turpentine three ounces 

Mix well. As an application in engorge- 
ment of the breasts, in nephritic pains, 
&c. JSwediaur. 

Turpentine Plaster. 
R. Turpentine one ounce 



400 



TILIA EUROP^A— TOLUTANUM. 



White of egg 
Wheat flour 
Sugar 
Honey 
Brandy- 
Olive oil, each, one ounce 
Mis the turpentine and honey, gradually 
adding the other ingredients, rubbing -well. 
As an application to painful ulcers. 

St. Marie. 

Compound Turpentine Plaster. 
R. Turpentine eight parts 

Suet twenty-four parts 

Yellow was thirty-two parts 

Essence of mint 

cloves, each, one part 

Oil of mace sis parts 

Powder benzoin eight parts 

olibanum sisteen parts 

Mis, with the assistance of heat. Useful 

in diarrhoea, dyspepsia, flatulence, colic. 

Ph. Sned. 

Turpentine Mixture. 
R. Turpentine two drachms 

Yolk of egg one 

Rub together, and add 

Estract of rhubarb 

Sal prunelle, each, one drachm 

Add gradually 

Infusion of liquorice ten fl. ounces 

Syrup of marsh mallows one fl. ounce 
Mis. A spoonful every hour, in gonor- 
rhoea. Buries. 

Turpentine Mixture. 
R. Turpentine one ounce 

Mint water four fl. ounces 

Gum Arabic sufficient 

Simple syrup one ounce 

Estract of belladonna one grain 

Mis, and make emulsion. Used in go- 
norrhoea, after the reduction of the inflam- 
matory stage; when it acts too powerfully 
on the bowels, it must be intermitted for 
a few days. Ebriart. 

R. Spirit of turpentine one fl. ounce 

Oil of mint one fl. drachm 

Mis. In flatulent colic, and gout in the 

stomach. Dose, a teaspoonful. Dewces. 



TILIA EUROP^EA. 
Linden. 

The linden is a handsome tree, a native of the 
north of Europe, and much cultivated in the 
United States for ornament and shade. 

-Sex. Syst. Polyand. monog. Nat. Syst. Tili 



Linn. Sp. PI. 733. Lindley, Flor. Med. 147. 

The part used is the flowers, which, when 
dried, have a faint but agreeable odor, and a 
sweetish, mucilaginous taste. They are antispas- 
modic, and diaphoretic, and are much used in 
France. It is probable that the flowers of our 
native species have the same properties. 

Infusion op Linden Flowers. 
R. Linden flowers two drachms 

Boiling water two pints 

Infuse for half an hour, and strain. A 
mild antispasmodic. Par. Cod. 

Compound Infusion of Linden 
Flowers. 
R. Linden flowers 

Chamomile 

Orange leaves, each, two drachms 

Boiling water two pints 

Infuse for half an hour, strain, and add 

Syrup two fl. ounces 

A small cupful, occasionally. Foy. 



TOLUTANUM. 
Balsam of Tolu. 

This is the concrete balsamic juice of Myro- 
spermum toluiferum, a large tree, of which little 
is known, growing in several parts of South 
America. 

Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Faba- 
ceae. 

Decandolle, Prod. ii. 95. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
250. 

At first, the balsam is soft and tenacious, but 
gradually becomes hard and brittle, when it is 
transparent, shining, of a yellowish, or reddish 
brown color, of a fragrant odor, and a sweetish, 
warm taste. It is a stimulating expectorant. 
The dose is from ten to thirty grains. 

Lozenges of Balsam of Tolu. 
R. Balsam of Tolu one ounce 

Alcohol one fl. ounce 

Dissolve, and add 

Water two fl. ounces 

Heat in a water-bath, and filter; add, 

Tragacanth four scruples 

Sugar sisteen ounces 

Beat into paste, and make lozenges of 
twelve grains. Par. Cod. 

Tincture of Balsam of Tolu. 
R. Balsam of Tolu three ounces 

Alcohol two pints 

Macerate till dissolved, then filter. 

U. S. Ph. 
A highly stimulating expectorant. Dose, one 
to two fl. drachms. 

Compound Tincture of Balsam of 

Tolu. 

R. Balsam of Tolu two ounces 



TORMENTILLA. 



401 



Balsam of Peru one oui 

Flowers of benzoin 
Saffron, each, half an ounce 

Alcohol twenty-four fl. ounces 

Digest for three days, and filter. 

Spiehnan. 
Tincture of Tolu with Foxglove. 
R. Tincture of balsam 

of Tolu one fl. ounce and a-half 
Elixir of vitriol half fl. drachm 

Tincture of foxglove one fl. drachm 
Antimonial wine two fl. drachms 

Clarified honey one fl. ounce and a-half 
Powdered liquorice half a drachm 
Distilled water six fl. ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful, according to cir- 
cumstances. Ellis. 

Emulsion op Balsam of Tolu. 
R. Balsam Tolu three drachms 

Mecca eight drops 

Sweet almonds half an ounce 

Barley water eighteen fl. ounces 

Sugar six drachms 

Make an emulsion. A spoonful occasion- 
ally, in chronic catarrh, &c. Spielman. 

Syrup op Balsam op Tolu. 

R. Tincture of Tolu one fl. ounce 

Syrup one pint and a-half 

Mix, and evaporate on water-bath to the 

proper consistence. JJ. S. Ph. 

R. Balsam of Tolu ten drachms 

Boiling water one pint 

Sugar two pounds and a-half 

Boil the balsam in the water for half an 

hour, occasionally stirring; strain when 

cold, add the sugar, and form syrup. 

Lond. Ph. 
Mixture op Tolu and Morphia. 
R. Oxymel of squill one ounce and a-half 
Syrup of Tolu half an ounce 

Acetate of morphia half to one grain 
Mix. A teaspoonful, as occasion may re- 
quire, in catarrh. Ellis. 

Mixture op Tolu and Belladonna. 
R . Syrup of Tolu three fl. ounces and a-half 
seneka half a fl. ounce 

Extract of bella- 
donna eight to twelve grains 
Wine of ipecacuanha one fl. drachm 
Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times 
a-day, in cough. Ellis. 

Mixture op Tolu and Almond 

Emulsion. 

R. Almond emulsion fifteen parts 

Syrup of Tolu one part 

Mix. In cough. Beral 

26 



Mixture op Tolu and Copaiba. 
R. Balsam of Tolu 

copaiba 
Powdered gum 

Arabic, each, half an ounce 

Elixir of vitriol twenty drops 

Distilled water six fl ounces 

Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally, in 

chronic hooping-cough. Ellis. 

Tolu Mixture. 

R. Tincture of Tolu one ounce 

Laudanum two drachms 

Tincture of foxglove one drachm 

Mix. In the chronic cough of hsem^tpis. 

Forty to fifty drops, every three or four 

hours. 



Mixture op Tolu and Opium. 
R. Balsam of Tolu one drachm 

Powdered gum 

Arabic one drachm and a-half 

Water four fl. ounces 

Syrup of opium half a fl. ounce 

Make an emulsion. Niemann.. 

Balsam op Tolu Inhalation. 
R. Balsam of Tolu one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Mix. The vapor to be inhaled. Ellis. 



TORMENTILLA. 

Tormentil. 

The root of Potentilla tormcntilla, a small, pe- 
rennial plant, with a large, woody, dark brown 
root, a native of many parts of Europe, growing 
in barren spots. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. polyg. Nat. Syst. E.osacese. 

Sibthorp, Fl. Ox. 162. Griffith, Med. Bot.278, 

The root, when dried, is in irregular pieces, 
which are knotty, tuberculated, and of a dark 
reddish-brown color. Its odor is slightly aro- 
matic, and its taste very astringent. It is a sim- 
ple and somewhat active astringent. Dose,. 
thirty grains to a drachm. 

Compound Powder op Tormentil. 
R. Powdered tormentil 

gum Arabic, 

each, three ounces 

Armenian bole six ounces 

Powdered cinnamon four ounce? 

long pepper half an ounce 

Mix. Geneva Ph. 

Extract of Tormentil. 
R. Tormentil one part 

Water eight parts 

Boil, and strain; repeat with same quan- 
tity of water, mix the two decoctions, 
strain, and evaporate to the proper con- 



402 



TOXICODENDRON— TRAGACANTHA. 



sistence. Dose, from twenty to thirty- 
grains. Amst. Ph. 

Decoction of Tormentil. 
R. Tormentil, bruised, two ounces 

Distilled water one pint and a-half 
Boil down to a pint, and strain. 

Lond. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. ounces, three or four times 
a day. 

Gargle op Tormentil. 

R. Tormentil one ounce 

Water twelve fl. ounces 

Boil down one-tliird, strain, and add 

A^im one drachm 

Honey one ounce 

Mix. Radius. 



TOXICODENDRON. 
Poison Oak. 

The leaves of Rhus toxicodendron, a shrubby 
plant, native of the United States; sometimes be- 
coming a vine, when it has received the name 
of Rhus radicans, or Poison vine. They both 
grow in woods, along fence rows, &c, and are 
extremely poisonous to some persons, whilst 
other individuals are not affected by them. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Anacar- 
diacea?. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 381. Griffith, Med. Bot. 184. 

The officinal portion is the leaves, which are 
inodorous, and of a disagreeable, acrid taste. 
They are narcotic and stimulant, acting like the 
acro-narcotic poisons in large doses. They have 
been used with success in obstinate cutaneous 
affections, chronic rheumatism, &c. The dose 
is half a grain, gradually increased. 

Extract of Poison Oak. 
R . Leaves of poison oak one part 

Alcohol four parts 

Infuse, strain, distil off the spirit, and 
evaporate to proper consistence. 

Par. Cod. 
Dose, one grain, gradually increased till some 
effect is induced. 

Pills of Poison Oak. 
R. Extract of poison oak 

Camphor, each, fifteen grains 

Extract of arnica 

valerian, each, thirty grains 
Powdered calamus sufficient 

Beat into mass, and make thirty pills. 
One, three times a-day, in hemiplegia. 

Brera. 

Tincture of Poison Oak. 
R. Clarified juice of poison oak 

Alcohol equal parts 

Mix, and filter at end of twenty-four hours. 
Dose, five drops, gradually increased. 



TRAGACANTHA. 
Tragacanth. 

A gummy exudation from Astragalus verus, 
and other species of Astragalus. All of them are 
small shrubs, with thorny petioles, found in the 
countries bordering on the Levant, in Persia. 
&c. 

Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Fa- 
baceae. 

Lindley, Flor. Med. 247. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
239. 

Tragacanth is in contorted, vermicular pieces, 
rounded or flattened, of a whitish, or whitish 
yellow color; semi-translucent and corneous; 
tough, except when quite dry. It is inodorous, 
and of bland, mucilaginous taste. It forms a 
paste or mixture with water, but does not dis- 
solve. It is demulcent and nutritive. 

Compound Tragacanth Powder. 
R. Powdered tragacanth 
gum Arabic 

starch, each, one ounce and 

a-half 

Sugar three ounces 

Mix well. Lond. Ph. 

Demulcent. Dose, from thirty grains to a 

drachm. 

Mucilage of Tragacanth. 
R. Tragacanth one ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, occasion- 
ally stirring, triturate till uniform, and 
strain forcibly through linen. U. S. Ph. 
Principally used as a basis for more active 
medicines. 

Paste of Tragacanth. 
R. Tragacanth thirty-two parts 

Macerate in 

Water one thousand parts 

Also dissolve 

Isinglass forty-eight parts 

In 

Water eight hundred parts 

Strain through a linen cloth, and mix with 
the macerated gum, and add 

Syrup one thousand parts 

Evaporate by a gentle fire, to the con- 
sistence of soft paste, and gradually add 

Orange-flower water sixty-four parts 
Evaporate to proper consistence on a wa- 
ter-bath. As expectorant. Foy. 

R. White tragacanth sixty-four parts 
Isinglass ninety-six parts 

Water three thousand parts 

Simple syrup two thousand parts 

Orange-flower water 

one hundred and twenty-eight parts 
Bruise the tragacanth, and place it in a 
vessel for two days with five-sixths of the 



TUSSILAGO— ULMUS FULVA. 



403 



water, and dissolve the isinglass in the rest 
of the water; strain both solutions; beat 
the syrup to boiling, and mix the whole, 
and continue heat, till the mixture is of 
the consistence of soft paste, stirring well. 
Remove from fire ; add orange-flower wa- 
ter, and evaporate on water-bath, till suf- 
ficiently firm ; pour on marble slab, and 
divide into lozenges. Mouchon. 



TUSSILAGO. 

Coltsfoot. 

Coltsfoot is a small, perennial plant, with large, 
radical, cordate leaves, and flowers on simple, 
leafless scapes. It is the Tussilago farfara, and 
is a native both of Europe and North America. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Asteracese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1214. Griffith, Med. Bot. 393. 

The whole herb is used, but the leaves and 
flowers should be preferred. The latter have an 
agreeable smell, the former are inodorous, but 
have a rough, bitterish, mucilaginous taste. They 



both are demulcent, and have been much used 
in pectoral affections. 

Decoction op Coltsfoot. 
R. Flowers of coltsfoot one ounce 

Water two pints 

Boil down to a pint, and strain. Beasley. 

Syrup of Coltsfoot. 
R. Flowers of coltsfoot one pound 

Boiling water two pints 

Macerate for twelve hours, express, strain, 
and add 

Sugar four pounds 

Make syrup. Par. Cod. 

Compound Decoction of Coltsfoot. 
R. Flowers of coltsfoot 

Figs_ 

Raisins 

Jujubes, each, 

Water 
Boil down one-third, adding 

Liquorice root 



six ounces 



two ounces 
twelve pints 

two ounces 



Strain. As a demulcent drink. Taddei. 



u 



ULMUS CAMPESTRIS. 
Elm Bark. 

Tbis is a large tree, a native of Europe, having 
strong, spreading branches, and a rough, cracked 
bark. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Ulma- 
cese. 

Linn. Sp. PL 327. Lindley Flor. Med. 307. 

The part used is the inner bark ; this is thin, 
tough, of a brownish yellow color, inodorous, of 
a mucilaginous, slightly astringent taste. It is 
demulcent, and somewhat astringent, and also 
acts as an alterative. 

Decoction of Elm Bark. 
R. Fresh elm bark, 

bruised, two ounces and a-half 

Distilled water two pints 

Boil down to one pint, and strain. 

Lond. Ph. 
From four to six fl. ounces, two or three times 
a-day in cutaneous affections. 

Compound Infusion of Elm Bark. 
R. Elm bark 
Burdock 
Dock root 
Bittersweet 
Fumitory, each, two drachms 



Boiling water one pint 

Infuse for four hours, strain, and add 

Syrup of sarsaparilla one ounce 

To be taken in twenty-four hours, in di- 
vided doses, in chronic exanthemata. 

Cadet. 



ULMUS FULVA. 

Slippery Elm. 

A very lofty tree, found in the United States, 
especially west of the mountains, growing in 
dry, elevated situations. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Ulmaceaa. 

Mich. Fl. Am. 172. U. S. Dispen. 726. 

The inner bark is the part used. This is in long, 
flat strips, of a tawny color on the outer surface, 
and reddish on the inner, of a peculiar, though 
not strong odor, and a mucilaginous taste. It is 
a good demulcent, and is much used in diseases 
of the mucous membranes. It is also very nu- 
tritious. 

Infusion of Slippery Elm Bark. 
R. Slippery elm bark, bruised, one ounce 
Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for two hours, and strain. 

U. S. Ph. 

To be used freely, as a demulcent. 



404 



- Cataplasm of Slippery Elm Bark. 
R. Ground slippery elm bark at will 

Hot water sufficient 

Make cataplasm. A soothing application 

to irritable ulcers, &c. 



UVA URSI-VALERIANA. 



UVA URSI. 
Uva Ursi. 



Uva ursi is the leaves of Arctostaphyhs uva 
ursi, a small, evergreen shrub, inhabiting the 
northern parts of both continents, and high 
mountains in more southern latitudes. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Erica- 
cese. 

Sprengel, ii. 287. Griffith, Med. Bot. 425. 

The leaves, when dried, have a somewhat hay- 
like smell; their taste is astringent and bitterish, 
and finally sweetish. They are astringent and 
tonic, with some special action on the urinary 
organs. They are much used in diseases of the 
genitourinary organs. Dose, in powder, from a 
scruple to a drachm, three or four times a-day. 

Compound Powder of Uva Ursi. 
R. Powdered uva ursi 
Peruvian 

bark, each, two drachms 
opium three grains 

Mis, and divide into six powders. One, 
twice a-day, with lime water, in nephritic 
complaints, and as an antilithic. Fcrriar. 
R. Powdered 

uva ursi one drachm and a-half 

Bicarbonate of soda one drachm 

Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One 
thrice a-day, in diseases of the kidney and 
bladder. " Ellis. 

R. Powdered uva ursi half an ounce 

gum Arabic two drachms 



jalap 



Powdered sugar half an ounce 

Oil of orange peel six drops 

Mix. Dose, one drachm, in nephritic 

colic. Quarin. 

Decoction of Uva Ursi. 
R. Uva ursi one ounce 

Water twenty fl. ounces 

Boil down to a pint, and strain. 

U. S. Ph. 

Dose, from one to two fl. ounces, three or four 
times a-day. 

Extract of Uva Ursi. 
R . Uva ursi two pounds and a-half 

Boiling water two gallons 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down 
to a gallon, strain while hot, evaporate to 
a proper consistence. Lond. Ph. 

Dose, five to thirty grains. 

Mixture of Uva Ursi. 
R. Uva ursi one ounce and a-half 

Milfoil one ounce 

Water three pints 

Boil down to two pints, and add, at close, 

Liquorice one ounce 

Strain, and add 

Syrup of cinnamon two ounces 

To be taken in divided doses, in passive 
hemorrhages of lungs and bladder. 

Radius. 
Syrup of Uva Ursi. 
R. Uva ursi eight ounces 

Boiling water two pints 

Infuse the finely bruised leaves in the 
water for three hours, put in a displace- 
ment filter, and add water sufficient to 
obtain two pints of infusion. Evaporate 
to one pint, and add two pounds (av.) of 



one drachm ! sugar, and make syrup. 



W. Procter. 



VALERIANA. 

Valerian. 

Several species of Valerian are used in medi- 
cine, but one only is officinal, Valeriana offici- 
nalis, a handsome, perennial, herbaceous plant, 
with white or rose-colored flowers, in terminal 
corymbs. 

Sex. Syst. Triand. monog. Nat. Syst. Valeriana- 
cese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 45. Griffith, Med. Bot. 384. 

The part used is the root; this consists of 



many long, slender fibres, arising from a tuber- 
culated rhizome; the color is yellowish, or 
brownish; the odor is strong and peculiar, and 
the taste is bitter and aromatic. It is an active 
antispasmodic, and is much used in nervous dis- 
eases. The dose is from half a drachm to a 
drachm, two or three times a-day. 

Compound Powder of Valerian. 
R. Powdered valerian one drachm 

orange leaves one scruple 
Muriate of ammonia two grains 



VALERIANA. 405 



Oil of eajeput four drops 

Mix. A teaspoonful, four times a-day, in 
hot tea. In epilepsy. Niemann. 

R. Powdered valerian one ounce 

Flowers of zinc one scruple 

Musk ten grains 

Mix. As an antispasmodic; in teaspoonful 

doses. Brera. 

R. Powdered valerian one scruple 

Aromatic powder ten grains 

Mix. To be taken three or four times 
a-day. In hysteria, heniicrania, chlorosis, 
&c. A. T. Thomson. 

Bolus of Valerian and Iron. 

R. Powdered valerian one drachm 

Carbonate of iron ten grains 

Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient 

Mix, and make bolus. One, three times 

a-day, as antispasmodic. Ellis. 

Bolus op Valerian and Sulphate op 

Potassa. 
R. Powdered vale- 
rian two drachms and a-half 
Sulphate of potassa eighteen grains 
Syrup of orange peel sufficient 
Mix, and make eighteen boluses. Cadet. 

Compound Pills op Valerian. 
R. Powdered valerian half a drachm 

Castor 

Oxide of zinc, each, one scruple 

Mix, and make eighteen pills. Three, 
thrice a-day. Dupuytren. 

Electuary op Valerian. 
R. Powdered valerian 

orange leaves, each, six 
drachms 
Syrup of wormwood sufficient 

Mix. Two or three teaspoonfuls a-day. 

Swediaur. 

R . Powdered valerian two ounces 

Peruvian bark half an ounce 

Carbonate of ammonia two drachms 

Ginger syrup sufficient 

Mix. Dose, a drachm every hour or two, 

in periodic hemicrania. Donald Monro. 

Infusion op Valerian. 

R. Valerian half an ounce 

Boiling water one pint 

Macerate for an hour in a covered vessel, 

and strain. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, two fl. ounces, three or four times ;i-day. 

Compound Infusion op Valerian. 
R. Valerian one ounce and a-half 

Decoction of Peruvian bark two pints 
Make an infusion, strain, and add 



Syrup of chamo- 
mile one fl. ounce and a-half 
Camphor twenty grains 
Mix. One to two fl. ounces, three times 
a-day. Saunders. 

Tincture op Valerian. 

R. Valerian, bruised, four ounces 

Diluted alcohol two pints 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, from one to four fl. drachms. 

Ammoniated Tincture op Valerian. 
R. Valerian, bruised, four ounces 

Aromatic spirit of ammonia two pints 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one to two fl. drachms, in milk, or some 
mucilaginous fluid. 

Compound Ammoniated Tincture op 

Valerian. 
R. Valerian one ounce 

Cloves 

Mace, each, one drachm 

Lemon peel one drachm and a-half 

Aromatic spirit of 

ammonia twenty-four fl. ounces 
Macerate for a week, express, and filter. 
Dose, a half to one fl. drachm. Van Mons. 

Compound Tincture op Valerian. 
R. Valerian 

Castor, each, two ounces 

Saffron one ounce 

Peppermint water 

Alcohol, each, twenty fl. ounces 

Macerate for a week, express, and filter. 
Dose, a half to one fl. drachm. 

Wertz. Ph. 
Wine op Valerian. 
R. Valerian one ounce 

Sherry wine one pint 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, express, 
and filter. A spoonful, as may be re- 
quired. Niemann. 

Syrup op Valerian. 
R. Bruised valerian one pound 

Water eight pints 

Macerate for twelve hours, then distil off 
one pint and a-half, strain, and filter the 
remainder. Mix with eight pounds of 
syrup; evaporate to six and a-half pounds, 
and add the distilled fluid. Par. Cod. 
Mixture op Valerian and Ammonia. 
R. Valerian one scruple 

Carbonate of ammonia ten grains 

Cinnamon water two fl. ounces 

Mix. As a draught, every fourth hour, 
in nervous headache, &c. Ellis. 



406 



VANILLA. 



Mixture of Valerian and Hoff- 
mann's Anodyne. 
R. Valerian six drachms 

Boiling water eight fl. ounces 

Make an infusion, strain, and add 

Cinnamon water two fl. ounces 

Hoffmann's anodyne two fl. drachms 

Syrup one fl. ounce 

Mix. A spoonful, as required. Foy. 

Tincture of Valerian and Hoff- 
mann's Anodyne. 
R . Tincture of valerian 

Hoffmann's anodyne, each, onefl. ounce 
Mix. A teaspoonful, as may be required. 

euu. 

Oil of Valerian. 
R. Bruised valerian at will 

Water sufficient 

Distil, and separate the oil from the pro- 
duct. 
Mixture of Oil of Valerian and 
Ammonia. 
R . Oil of valerian eight drops 

Aromatic spirit of 

ammonia one fl. drachm 

Water four fl. ounces 

Sugar two drachms 

Mix. A tablespoonful, every two or 

three hours. Ellis. 

Extract of Valerian. 
R. Coarsely powdered valerian at will 
Moisten with twice its weight of alcohol 
(.83-i), let macerate for three days, put 
into a displacement apparatus, and dis- 



struum has been displaced, when the pro- 
duct will amount to nearly a pint; add 
more diluted alcohol, until ten fl. ounces 
pass ; place the ethereal tincture in a 
shallow vessel, and let it evaporate spon- 
taneously, till it is reduced to six fl. ounces. 
Pour off the clear liquid, and mix it with 
the ten ounces of tincture, and the oleo- 
resin adhering to the sides of the vessel, 
dissolved in a little alcohol and added to 
the rest; let stand, with occasional agita- 
tion, for three or four hours, and then 
filter. One fl. ounce is equal to half an 
ounce of the root. W. Procter. 

R. Valerian eight ounces 

Alcohol eight fl. ounces 

Sulphuric ether four fl. ounces 

Water sufficient 

Bruise the valerian finely, put it in a dis- 
placement apparatus, and add the alcohol 
and ether, mixed; remove the last por- 
tions of the tincture by water, and set the 
solution aside in a warm room to evapo- 
rate, till all the ether and half the alcohol 
have escaped. The residue will amount 
to four fl. ounces, of a greenish color. 
Proceed to displace with the water, set- 
ting aside the first eight fl. ounces of the 
product, and proceed with the process till 
the root is exhausted. Evaporate this to 
four fl. ounces ; mix all the solutions. 
The dose is about a teaspoonful. 

E. T. Ellis. 
Valerianic Acid. 
R. Valerian root at will 



place with alcohol (.915). The first pro- Distil with water until the distillate has 



but a slight acid reaction ; add carbonate 
of soda to the distilled water gradually, 
until it is rendered slightly alkaline, ob- 
serving the weight of the carbonate used. 
Evaporate the solution of valerianate of 
soda to a small quantity ; add sufficient 
sulphuric acid to saturate the soda used, 
and distil in a glass retort. The valeri- 



duct, on being distilled over a water-bath, 
affords a dark green resin, containing 
most of the volatile oil, and valerianic 
acid. The product of the distillation is 
to be diluted with distilled water, to re- 
duce it to (.985), and the valerian ex- 
hausted by additional spirit. Mix the 
tinctures, filter and distil. The residue is 

to be evaporated and mixed with the first | an ic acid will be found in the receiver 
product. One grain is equal to five of j floating on the water, and should be re- 
valerian. Burin. 

Fluid Extract of Valerian. 
R. Valerian eight ounces 

Ether four fl. ounces 

Alcohol twelve fl. ounces 

Diluted alcohol sufficient 

Powder the valerian coarsely, and intro- 
duce it uniformly, but without packing, 
into a displacer. Add a mixture of the 
ether and alcohol, and let it percolate 
slowly through the powder, and pour on Swar 
the diluted alcohol until the ethereal men- vi. 345. 



moved, and preserved in glass vials. 



VANILLA. 

Vanilla. 



Under tbis name are included the seed pods 
of several species of FaniUa, but that most gene- 
rally known is the V. aromatica, a sarmentose 
plant, a native of Mexico and South America. 

Sex. Syst. Gynand. monand. Nat. Syst. Orchi- 



Flore Medicale, 



VERATRIA. 



407 



The part used is the pod; this is long, slen- 
der, cylindrical, compressed, of a blackish-brown 
color, formed of two valves, and filled with a 
brown pulp, containing a great quantity of small, 
blackish, shining seeds. The odor is peculiar but 
pleasant, the taste aromatic, hot, and pungent. 
It is principally used in this country for flavor- 
ing ice creams, &c.,but is esteemed by European 
writers as an aromatic stimulant, increasing the 
power of the muscular system, and exciting the 
sexual feelings. It has been given in hysteria, 
rheumatism, impotence, &c. The dose is from 
eight to twelve grains. 

Vanilla Sugar. 
R. Tincture of vanilla one ounce 

Sugar eight ounces 

Mix well, dry in a stove, and pulverize. 
Beral. 
Vanilla Lozenges. 
R. Vanilla one ounce 

Sugar seven ounces 

Gum tragacanth half a drachm 

Water half an ounce 

Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains. 

Beral. 

Tincture op Vanilla. 

R. Vanilla one part 

Alcohol four parts 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. Dose, forty drops. Cottereau. 

Spirit op Vanilla. 
R. Vanilla one part 

Alcohol 

Water, each, twelve parts 

Distil twelve parts. Soubeiran. 

Vanilla Arrowroot. 
R. Milk fifteen ounces 

Sugar 

Vanilla sugar 

Arrowroot, each, one ounce 

Mix, and boil, constantly stirring. Beral. 

Vanilla Milk. 
R. Milk sixteen ounces 

Vanilla sugar half an ounce 

Dissolve, and strain. Beral. 

Essence op Vanilla. 

R. Vanilla nine ounces 

Spirit of abelmoschus two pints 

Cloves thirty grains 

Musk seven grains 

Used as a perfume, and for flavoring. 

Cooley. 
Fluid Extract of Vanilla. 
R. Vanilla one ounce 

Sugar three ounces 

Syrup 

Water, each, half a pint 

Deodorized alcohol one fl. ounce 



Cut the vanilla in thin, transverse 
triturate it with the sugar, till reduced to 
powder moderately fine, add the syrup 
with two ounces of the water, put the mix- 
ture into a strong pint bottle, cork, and 
tie it over; place it in a vessel of water, 
which is then to be heated to the boiling 
point, and kept there for half an hour; 
remove the cork, and strain. The residue 
is then to be mixed with the remainder of 
the water and the alcohol, the mixture re- 
turned to the bottle, and heated as before, 
strained, and mixed with the first product. 
W. Procter. 



two pounds 
three gallons 



sufficient 



VERATRIA. 

Veratrin. 
R. Cevadilla, bruised, 

Alcohol 

Diluted sulphuric acid 

Solution of ammonia 

Purified animal charcoal 

Magnesia, each, 
Boil the cevadilla in a gallon of the alcohol, 
in a retort with a receiver attached, for an 
hour, and pour off the liquor. To the re- 
sidue, add another gallon of alcohol, toge- 
ther with the distilled portion, boil for an 
hour, and pour off the liquor; repeat 
a third time. Express, mix, and strain 
the liquors, and distil off the alcohol, 
on a water-bath. Boil the residue three 
or four times in water, acidulated with 
sulphuric acid, mix, and strain the liquors, 
and evaporate to the consistence of syrup. 
Add magnesia in slight excess, shake fre- 
quently, express, and wash residue. Re- 
peat expression and washing several times. 
Dry the residue, digest it with gentle heat, 
several times in alcohol, straining after 
each digestion. Distil off alcohol from 
the mixed liquors, boil the residue for fif- 
teen minutes in water, with a little sul- 
phuric acid and animal charcoal, and strain. 
Thoroughly wash the residue, mix the 
washings with the strained liquor, evapor- 
ate gently to consistence of syrup, add as 
much ammonia as will precipitate the vera- 
tria, separate this and dry it. U. S. Ph. 
Veratria is a violent stimulant, and active 
poison. It is given internally in minute doses, 
but is more generally used externally, in gout, 
rheumatism, nervous affections, &c. The dose 
is from one-twelfth to one-sixth of a grain. 

Pills op Veratrin. 
R. Veratrin half a grain 

Syrup of gum 
Powdered gum Arabic, each, sufficient 



408 



VERATRLE MURIAS— VERATRUM ALBUM. 



Mix, and make six pills. Dose, one, to be 
increased to three. Magendie. 

Pills of Veratrin and Henbane. 

R. Veratrin one grain 

Extract of henbane 

Powdered liquorice, each, ten grains 
Mix, and make twelve pills. One, thrice 
a-day. Turnbull. 

Tincture of Veratrin. 
R. Veratrin four grains 

Alcohol one fl. ounce 

Dissolve. Dose, from ten to twenty drops 
in a wineglassful of water, in dropsy, gout, 
rheumatism, &c. Magendie. 

Lotion of Veratrin. 

R. Veratrin one scruple to one drachm 

Alcohol two fl. ounces 

Mix. As embrocation, to be used with 

caution. Turnbull. 

Liniment of Veratrin. 
R. Veratrin eight grains 

Alcohol 

Soap liniment, each, four fl. drachms 
Mix well. Brande. 

Ointment of Veratrin. 
R. Veratrin five to twenty grains 

Lard one ounce 

Mix. A piece about the size of a hazel- 
nut to be rubbed for five or fifteen minutes, 
over the seat of the disease, in rheumatism, 
&c. Turnbull. 



one scruple 



R. Veratrin 
Rub with 

Olive oil one drachm 

Add 

Spermaceti ointment seven drachms 
Mix. As the last. Turnbull. 

Ointment of Veratrin and Opium. 
R. Veratrin half a drachm 

Powdered opium one drachm 

Lard one ounce and a-half 

Mix. As a friction, in rheumatism. 

Dunglison . 

Ointment of Veratrin and Iodine. 

R. Veratrin one scruple 

Iodide of potassium half a drachm 

Lard one ounce 

Mix. Jour dan. 



VERATRIN MURIAS. 

Muriate of Veratrin. 

R. Veratria at will 

Muriatic acid sufficient 

to saturate; filter, evaporate, and crystallize. 

Giordano. 



VERATRIiE NITRAS. 

Nitrate of Veratrin. 

VERATRIiE SULPHAS. 

Sulphate of Veratrin. 

Are made in same manner, using the appro- 
priate acids. 

Solution of Sulphate of Veratrin. 
R. Sulphate of veratria one grain 

Distilled water two fl. ounces 

Dissolve. Dose, one to two fl. drachms, 
in a mixture, as a substitute for the Eau 
Medicinale. Cadet. 



VERATRUM ALBUM. 
White Hellebore. 

A perennial, herbaceous plant, with a fleshy, 
fusiform rhizome, having numerous fibres. It 
is a native of the mountainous parts of Europe. 

Sex. Syst. Hexand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Melan- 
thaceaj. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1479. Griffith, Med. Bot. 643. 

The root, which is the officinal part, is in 
cylindrical, somewhat conical pieces, with numer- 
ous radicles ; these are corrugated, and of a 
blackish brown color. Their odor is slight, and 
their taste at first sweetish, and then bitter and 
acrid. White hellebore is an active irritant, 
causing violent vomiting and purging. Exter- 
nally, it acts like the other powerful acrids. In- 
ternally, in small doses, it has been used in many 
diseases, but is now principally employed exter- 
nally in the treatment of cutaneous affections, 
&c. Dose, from a grain to two grains, gradually 
increased. 

Powder of White Hellebore. 

R . Powdered white hellebore three grains 

starch one scruple 

Mix. As an errhine in amaurosis, and 

lethargic affections. Radius. 

Decoction of White Hellebore. 
R. White hellebore ten drachms 

Distilled water two pints 

Boil down to a pint, and add 

Rectified spirit three fl. ounces 

and strain. Lond. Ph. 

As a wash, in cutaneous diseases. 

Wine of White Hellebore. 

R. Bruised white hellebore four ounces 

Wine one pint 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, ten minims, gradually increased, two 
or three times a-day, in gout and rheumatism. 

Tincture of White Hellebore. 
R. Bruised white hellebore four ounces 
Diluted alcohol one pint 

Macerate for eight days, express, and fil- 
ter. Ed. Ph. 
Dose, as of the wine, in same cases. 



VERATRUM VIRIDE— VIOLA ODORATA. 



409 



Ointment op White Hellebore. 

R. Powdered white hellebore two ounces 

Lard eight ounces 

Oil of lemons twenty minims 

Mix. U. S. Ph. 

As a friction in itch, &c. To be used with 

caution on children. 

Compound Ointment op White 
Hellebore. 
R . Powdered white hellebore two ounces 
nitre one drachm 

Soft soap 

Flowers of sulphur, each, six ounces 

Lard one pound and a-half 

Mix. As a friction in itch. Phoebus. 



VERATRUM VIRIDE. 

American Hellebore. 

A tall, perennial plant, with a thick, fleshy 
rhizome, having a tunicated top, and numerous 
fibrous radicles. It is a native of the United 
States, growing in damp meadows, and wet sit- 
uations. 

Sex. Syst. Hexand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Melan- 
thaceas. 

Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii. 422. Griffith, Med. Bot . 
643. 

The root, in a fresh state, has an unpleasant 
odor, which disappears on drying. Its taste is 
bitter and acrid. Its properties are much the 
same as those of the white hellebore, but is 
stated not to purge, and to rapidly reduce the 
frequency and force of the pulse. Dose, one 
grain, gradually increasing. 

Tincture of American Hellebore. 
R. American hellebore, 

bruised, six ounces 

Diluted alcohol one pint 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. Dose, a half to one fl. drachm. 

Osgood. 
Wine op American Hellebore. 
R. American hellebore, 

bruised, six ounces 

White wine fourteen fl. ounces 

Diluted alcohol two ounces 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. Dose, as of tincture. Osgood. 

The recent root should be used in these two 

preparations. 

Extract op American Hellebore. 
R. Recent root of American 

hellebore at will 

Bruise well, and express the juice, and 
evaporate to proper consistence, by a gen- 
tle heat, or by exposure to the sun. Dose, 
from a fourth to half a grain. Osgood. 

Ointment of American Hellebore. 
R. Powdered extract of Ame- 
rican hellebore one drachm 



Simple cerate one ounce 

Oil of lemons three minims 

Mix. Osgood. 

Pills op American Hellebore. 

R. Extract of American 

hellebore ten grains 

Opium five grains 

Soap fifteen grains 

Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient 

Mix, and make thirty pills. One, every 

three or four hours, in rheumatism, &c. 



Mixture op American Hellebore. 
R. Tincture of American hellebore 
bloodroot 
Camphorated tincture of 

opium equal parts 

Mix. Dose, fifty to sixty minims, in ca- 
tarrh. Osgood. 



VIOLA ODORATA. 

Sweet Violet. 

A well-known, small, perennial plant, with 
fragrant, blue flowers, a native of Europe, and 
generally cultivated in our gardens. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Viola- 
cese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1324. Griffith, Med. Bot. 140. 

The flowers are the officinal portion. These 
are of a blue color, almost inodorous when dried, 
and of a slightly bitter taste. They are princi- 
pally used as a demulcent, and laxative for in- 
fants. 

Conserve op Violets. 
R. Violet flowers, fresh, one part 

Sugar three parts 

Rub together. Soubeiran. 

Syrup op Violets. 
R. Fresh violet flowers one pound 

Boiling water two pints and a-half 
Infuse for twenty-four hours, strain, and 
dissolve. 

Sugar seven pounds and a-half 

And form syrup. Ed. Ph. 

A gentle laxative for infants, in doses of one 
to two fl. drachms. 

Honey of Violets. 
R. Flowers of violets 

Boiling water, each, six pounds 

Infuse, strain, and add 

Honey six pounds 

Evaporate to a proper consistence. 

Wurt. Ph. 
Oil of Violets. 
R. Fresh violet flowers fifteen ounces 
Almond oil five pounds 

Infuse, with three equal quantities of the 
flowers, and strain. Used as an article of 
perfumery. Taddei. 



410 



WINTERA— ZINCI OXIDUM. 



w 



WINTERA. 
Winter's Bark. 

This is derived from an evergreen tree, 
found in the southern parts of South America, 
the Drimys winteri, and also from other species, 
growing in Brazil, &c. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Mag- 
noliacese. 

Forster, Gen. 84. Griffith, Med. Bot. 100. 

The bark is in quilled pieces of some length, 
of a pale, yellowish, or dull, reddish gray, with 



darker spots externally, and of a dark cinnamon 
internally. It has an aromatic odor, and a warm , 
spicy taste. It is a stimulating, aromatic tonic. 
The dose, in powder, is about half a drachm. 

Tincture op Winter's Bark. 
R. Bruised winter's bark one part 

Diluted alcohol eight parts 

Digest with one-half of the alcohol, and 
repeat with the other. Unite the two 
tinctures, and filter. 



ZINCUM 
Zinc. 



ZINCI OXIDUM. 
Oxide op Zinc. 
R. Sulphate of zinc one pound 

Carbonate of 

ammonia six ounces and a-half 

Distilled water three gallons 

Dissolve the sulphate of zinc and carbo- 
nate of ammonia, separately, in twelve 
pints of the water, strain, and mix the 
solutions. Wash the precipitate well with 
water, and expose to a strong heat. 

U. S. Ph. 

Tonic and antispasmodic, and given in ner- 
vous and spasmodic affections, in doses of two 
to ten grains and upwards several times a-day. 
Also used externally. 

Powder op Oxide op Zinc. 
R. Oxide of zinc three grains 

White sugar five grains 

Mix. One, every four hours. Useful in 
gastric or spasmodic cough. 

A. T. Thomson. 

Compound Powder op Oxide op Zinc. 

R. Oxide of zinc six grains 

Extract of henbane one grain 

Oil of valerian one drop 

Powdered valerian half a drachm 



Mix, and divide into nine powders. One, 
thrice a-day, in nervous disorders. 

Radius. 
R. Oxide of zinc one drachm 

Powdered opium ten grains 

Peruvian bark 

Fennel, each, one ounce 

Mix, and divide into fifty powders. One, 
every two hours, in hooping-cough. 

Augustin. 

Powder of Oxide op Zinc and 

Colomba. 

R. Oxide of zinc four grains 

Powdered colomba thirty grains 

Mix, and divide into four powders. One, 
every three hours, in dyspepsia. Brer a. 

Pills op Oxide op Zinc. 
R. Oxide of zinc two scruples 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and make ten pills. One, three or 
four times a-day, in epilepsy, chorea, &c. 

Ellis. 

R. Oxide of zinc three grains 

White sugar five grains 

Mix. Make a powder, to be taken every 

four hours. In gastric or spasmodic cough. 

A. T. Thomson. 

Compound Pills op Oxide of Zinc. 
R. Oxide of zinc five grains 

Extract of cascarilla six grains 

Syrup of ginger sufficient 



ZINCI CHLORIDUM. 



411 



Mix, and make three pills; one to be taken 

three times a-day, in epilepsy. Ainslie. 

R. Oxide of zinc one scruple 

Powdered valerian thirty grains 

Castor four grains 

Syrup sufficient 

Mix, and make twelve pills. To be taken 

during the day, in epilepsy, &c. Foy. 

Lotion with Oxide or Zinc. 
R. Oxide of zinc one ounce 

Elder flower 

water one fl. ounce and a-half 

Agitate together. In pustular erysipelas. 
Augustin. 
Ointment op Oxide of Zinc. 
R. Oxide of zinc one ounce 

Lard six ounces 

Mix. U. S. Ph. 

A mild, astringent application, in chronic oph- 
thalmia, and in excoriation and ulceration. 

Ointment of Oxide oe Zinc and 

Opium. 

R. Oxide of zinc half a drachm 

Fresh butter one drachm 

Powdered opium one grain 

Mix. In chronic impetigo. Henlte. 

Ointment op Oxide of Zinc and 
Calomel. 
R. Oxide of zinc half a drachm 

Calomel 

Powdered aloes, each, one grain 

Fresh butter two drachms 

Mix. In scrofulous ophthalmia. Scarpa. 

Cerate op Oxide of Zinc and 
Ltcopodium. 
R. Oxide of zinc 

Lycopodium, each, fifteen grains 

Simple cerate half an ounce 

Mix. In ulceration of the breasts, tetter, 

&c. Iluf eland. 



ZINCI CHLORIDUM. 

Chloride op Zinc. 
R. Zinc, in small 

pieces, two ounces and a-half 

Nitric acid 

Prepared chalk, each, one drachm 
Muriatic acid sufficient 

Add the zinc and muriatic acid together 
in a glass vessel, and dissolve; strain, add 
the nitric acid, evaporate to dryness. Dis- 
solve in water, add the chalk, let rest for 
twenty-four hours, filter, and again evapo- 
rate. U. S. Ph. 
R. Solution of chloride of barium at will 



Solution of sulphate of zinc sufficient 
to precipitate sulphate of baryta. Filter 
and evaporate the fluid to obtain crystals 
of chloride of zinc. Righini. 

Principally used externally, as a caustic and 
stimulant ; also given internally, in very small 
doses, in the neuroses, &c. 

Chloride op Zinc. (Disinfectant.') 
R. Granulated zinc four pounds (av.) 
Muriatic acid four pounds, or sufficient 
Water two gallons two pints 

Add the acid gradually to the zinc, in a 
glass or porcelain vessel, till it is dissolved, 
taking care there is no excess of acid; 
strain through a coarse cloth, and add the 
water. This contains one part of the 
chloride in twelve, and is of the strength 
for a disinfectant. E. Parrish. 

Ethereal Tincture op Chloride op 

Zinc. 
R . Chloride of zinc four drachms 

Alcohol one fl. ounce 

Sulphuric ether two fl. ounces 

Mix. Five drops every four hours, in a 
little sugar and water, gradually increasing 
the dose, in chorea, epilepsy, &c. 

Hul 



Lotion of Chloride of Zinc. 

R. Chloride of zinc eight grains 

Extract of aloes two scruples 

Distilled water four fl. ounces 

Mix. As an application ' to atonic and 

foul ulcers. Vogt. 

Injection of Chloride of Zinc. 

R. Liquid chloride 

of zinc twenty-four drops 

Water four fl. ounces 

Mix, and filter. A small quantity to be 

injected a short distance into the urethra, 

two or three times a-day, in gleet. 

Gaudriot. 

Vaginal Suppository of Chloride op 
Zinc. 

R. Liquid chloride of zinc five drops 

Sulphate of morphia half a grain 

Mix with the following paste, three 

drachms. 

Mucilage of tragacanth six parts 

White sugar three parts 

Starch nine parts 

Make a suppository. To be used every 

day, or every other day. Gaudriot. 

Paste op Chloride of Zinc. 
R. Chloride of zinc one part 

Wheat flour, or sulphate 

of lime, four parts 

Water sufficient 



412 



ZINCI CYANURETUM— ZINCI IODIDUM. 



one part 

three parts 

sufficient 



R. Chloride of zinc 
Wheat flour 
Water 

R. Chloride of zinc one part 

Wheat flour two parts 

Water sufficient 

The chloride and flour are to be carefully 
and quickly mixed ; add the water to half 
the quantity, so as to form a soft paste, 
mix with this the rest of the powder. 
Form into cakes of half a line to four 
lines in thickness. To remain on twenty- 
four hours, or more (six to ten are often 
sufficient). To produce an eschar in can- 
cer, lupus, &c. Canquoin. 
R. Chloride of zinc one part 
Chloride of antimony half a part 
Flour two and a-half parts 
Water sufficient 
To be mixed as above, so as to be mould- 
ed into any desired form. As a caustic, 
in nodulated cancerous tumors. 

Canquoin. 
Powdered opium may be added to any of the 
above, to mitigate the pain. 



ZINCI CYANURETUM. 

Cyanide op Zinc. 
R. Sulphate of zinc one part 

Distilled water ten parts 

Dissolve ; add 

Solution of cyanide of 

potassium sufficient 

to form precipitate, being added by drops. 
Filter, wash the precipitate, and dry. 

Guibourt. 
Used in spasmodic affections, &c, in doses of 
a twelfth to a quarter of a grain. 

Powder of Cyanide of Zinc. 
R. Cyanide of zinc three grains 

Magnesia twenty-four grains 

Powdered cinnamon twelve grains 
Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One, 
every four hours, in nervous affections, 
&c. Guibourt. 

Pills of Cyanide of Zinc. 

R. Cyanide of zinc fifteen grains 

Extract of liquorice two drachms 

Mix, and make sixty pills. One, three 

times a-day. Kopp. 



ZINCI FERROCYANURETUM. 

Ferrocyanide of Zinc. 
R. Ferrocyanide of potassium sixty parts 



Sulphate of zinc eighty parts 

Dissolve separately in boiling water, add 
the solutions together; collect the preci- 
pitate of ferrocyanide of zinc, wash it well, 
and dry. Schindler. 

Given in doses of one grain, twice or thrice 
a-day, gradually increasing the quantity, in ner- 
vous affections, nocturnal pains, &c. 

Powder of Ferrocyanide of Zinc. 
R. Ferrocyanide of zinc six grains 

Magnesia four grains 

Powdered cinnamon three grains 

Mix. Every four hours, in nervous af- 
fections, cramp of the stomach, &c. 

Radius. 
The quantity of the salt of zinc is too large, 
but it is thus ordered in various authors. 

Compound Pills of Ferrocyanide of 

Zinc. 
R . Ferrocyanide of zinc fifteen grains 
Powdered valerian half a drachm 

Extract of valerian sufficient 

Mix, and make sixty pills. Two, morn- 
ing and evening, in chorea. Rosensteil. 
R . Ferrocyanide of zinc ten grains 

Magnesia two scruples 

Oil of valerian twenty drops 

Syrup of chamomile five scruples 

Powdered valerian ten scruples 

Mix, and make into three-grain pills. 
Six, three times a-day, gradually increas- 
ing. Vogt. 

Solution of Ferrocyanide of Zinc. 
R. Ferrocyanide of zinc four grains 

Distilled water two fl. ounces 

One-fourth part, four times a-day, in cho- 
rea. Radius. 

Mixture of Ferrocyanide of Zinc. 
R. Ferrocyanide of 

zinc eight to twenty grains 

Powdered gum Arabic two drachms 
Cherry water three fl. ounces 

Wine of opium one fl. scruple 

Cherry laurel water half a fl. ounce 
Mix. As a collyrium, in scrofulous and 
rheumatic ophthalmia. Amnion. 



ZINCI IODIDUM. 
Iodide of Zinc. 
R. Iodine one hundred and seventy parts 
Powdered zinc twenty parts 

Heat in matrass till they sublime. 

Magendie. 

R. Iodine two parts 

Powdered zinc one part 



ZINCI ACKTAS-ZINCI CARBONAS. 



Digest in a little water, and agitate till the 
solution is colorless. Evaporate with a 
gentle heat. Beasley. 

Used externally. 

Ointment of Iodide of Zinc. 
R. Iodide of zinc one drachm 

Lard one ounce 

As a friction to tumors, &c. lire,. 

COLLYRIUM OF IODIDE OF ZlNC. 

R. Iodide of zinc four grains 

Distilled water six fl. ounces 

Dissolve. 

Solution of Iodide of Zinc. 
R. Iodide of zinc ten to thirty grains 
Distilled water one fl. ounce 

Dissolve. To be applied, by means of a 
sponge tied to a quill, to enlarged tonsils; 
to be followed, after some days' persever- 
ance, by a saturated solution applied by a 
camel's hair brush. T. Ross. 

Syrup of Iodide of Zinc. 
R. Iodine four drachms 

Powdered zinc two drachms 

Water four fl. ounces 

Agitate till colorless; filter into 

Syrup twelve fl. ounces. 

A. T. Thomson. 



ZINCI ACETAS. 

Acetate of Zinc. 
R. Acetate of lead one pound 

Granulated zinc nine ounces 

Distilled water three pints 

Dissolve the acetate in the water, and filter. 
Add the zinc, and agitate occasionally, in 
a stopped bottle, till the liquid gives no 
precipitate, with a solution of iodide of 
potassium. Filter, evaporate by a gentle 
heat to one-fifth, and set aside to crystal- 
lize. Decant, and dry the crystals on bi- 
bulous paper. If they are colored, dis- 
solve in distilled water, heat, and drop into 
the hot solution a filtered solution of chlo- 
rinated lime, as long as any precipitate of 
iron takes place; filter, acidulate with a 
few drops of acetic acid, evaporate, and 
crystallize. U. S. Ph. 

Used as an external application. 
COLLYRIUM OF ACETATE OF ZlNC. 

R. Sulphate of zinc 

Acetate of lead, each, six grains 

llose-water four fl. ounces 

Mix, and filter. Ellis. 

R. Acetate of zinc fifteen to thirty grains 



413 

twelve fl. ounces 
Ware. 

one drachm 
half a drachm 

one scruple 
twelve ounces 



Distilled water 
Dissolve. 

R. Sulphate of zinc 
Acetate of lead 
Camphor 
Rose water 

Filter the solution. 



Injection of Acetate of Zinc. 
R. Acetate of zinc eight grains 

Rose water four fl. ounces 

Dissolve. In gonorrhoea. Ellis. 

Lotion of Acetate of Zinc. 
R. Acetate of zinc four scruples 

Distilled vinegar sixteen fl. ounces 
Dissolve. Beral. 

Tincture of Acetate of Zinc. 
R. Sulphate of zinc 

Acetate of potassa, each, one ounce 
Rub together, and add 

Diluted alcohol one pint 

Macerate for a week, stirring occasionally, 
and filter. Dub. Ph. 

As collyrium and injection, properly diluted. 



ZINCI CARBONAS. 

Carbonate of Zinc, or Calamine. 

Prepared Carbonate of Zinc. 
R. Carbonate of zinc at will 

Heat it to redness, and pulverize; then re- 
duce to a very fine powder, as directed for 
prepared chalk. TJ. 8. Ph. 

Used externally, as a mild astringent and ab- 
sorbent to excoriations and ulcerations, and also 
as an ingredient of cerates, &c. 

Precipitated Carbonate of Zinc. 
R . Sulphate of zinc 

Carbonate of soda, each, two pounds 
Water sufficient 

Dissolve the salts separately in a gallon 
of water, mix the solutions; wash the 
precipitated carbonate, first by decanta- 
tion, and afterwards on a filter; then press, 
and dry it. 

Cerate of Carbonate of Zinc. 
R. Prepared carbonate of zinc 

Yellow wax, each, half a pound 

Lard two pounds 

Melt the lard and wax together, and 
when, on cooling, they begin to thicken, 
add the carbonate of zinc, and stir till 
cold. IT. JS. Ph. 

Much used as a dressing to excoriations, shal- 
low ulcerations, &c. 



414 



ZINCI SULPHAS. 



R 



Plaster of Carbonate of Zinc. 
Simple plaster 
Powdered carbonate of 

zinc, each, two pounds 

Yellow wax five ounces 

Suet 

Turpentine, each, one ounce and a-half 
Melt, and mix thoroughly. Van Mans. 

R. Prepared carbonate of zinc 

White lead, each, one ounce and a-half 

Yellow wax four ounces 

Olive oil six ounces 

Melt the wax with the oil, and add the 

two powders, stirring well. To diminish 

a too abundant suppuration in ulcers. 

Cadet. 



ZINCI SULPHAS. 

Sulphate of Zinc. 
R. Zinc, in small pieces, four ounces 
Sulphuric acid six ounces 

Distilled water four pints 

Introduce the zinc and water into a glass 
vessel, and add the sulphuric acid by de- 
grees ; when all effervescence has ceased, 
filter, boil to a pellicle, and set aside to 
crystallize. U. S. Ph. 

It is astringent, tonic, and, in large doses, a 
prompt and effective emetic. Dose, as a tonic, 
one to two grains ; as emetic, ten to thirty. 

Pills of Sulphate of Zinc. 

R. Sulphate of zinc ten grains 

Conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and make twenty pills. One, three 

times a-day. In pertussis, &c. Ellis. 

Pills of Sulphate of Zinc and Tur- 
pentine. 
R. Sulphate of zinc two drachms 

Venice turpentine sufficient 

Mix, and make sixty pills. As a tonic. 
Beasley. 

Pills of Sulphate of Zinc and 
Myrrh. 
R. Sulphate of zinc ten grains 

Powdered myrrh 

one drachm and a-half 
Conserve of roses sufficient 

Mix, and make twenty pills. From two 
to four pills a-day, in hooping-cough. 

Paris. 

Compound Pills of Sulphate of Zinc. 

R. Sulphate of zinc one grain 

Extract of gentian eight grains 

Syrup of ginger sufficient 

Mix, and make two pills, to be taken dur- 



ing the day, with two fl. drachms of infu- 
sion of chamomile, in epilepsy. Ainslie. 

Solution of Sulphate of Zinc. 
R . Sulphate of zinc two grains 

Chamomile water three fl. ounces 

Dissolve. A spoonful, two or three times 
a-day, in chronic dysentery. Radius. 

COLLYRIUM OF SULPHATE OF ZlNC. 

R. Sulphate of zinc six grains 

Acetate of lead ten grains 

Laudanum one drachm 

Water five fl. ounces 

Mix. As an application to the eyes in 
ophthalmia, after reduction of the inflam- 
mation. Gregory. 
R. Sulphate of zinc six grains 
Mucilage of quince seed one fl. ounce 
Distilled water six fl. ounces 
Spirit of camphor four or five drops 
Mix, and strain. Scarpa. 
To be used as the last. 

collyrium of sulphate of zlnc and 

Camphor. 
R. Sulphate of zinc one scruple 

Camphor water 

Rose water, each, eight fl. ounces 

Mix. Ainslie. 

Fomentation with Sulphate of Zinc. 
R. Sulphate of 

zinc one drachm and a-half 

Decoction of pomegranate four pints 

Peruvian bark two pints 

Laudanum one fl. ounce 

Mix. As an application to external piles, 

and in vaginal gonorrhoea. Brer a. 

Gargle of Sulphate of Zinc. 
R. Sulphate of zinc one drachm 

Honey half a fl. ounce 

Tincture of myrrh 

Brandy, each, one fl. ounce 

Rose water six fl. ounces 

Mix. In ulcerations of gums, &c, occa- 
sioned by excessive salivation. Ellis. 



Injection of Sulphate of Zinc. 



R. Sulphate of zinc 

Camphor water 

Water 
Mix. 
R. Sulphate of zinc 

Powdered gum Arabic 

Laudanum 



one drachm 

two fl. ounces 

two pints 

Sicediaur. 

ten grains 

two drachms 

one fl. drachm 



eight fl. ounces 
Ellis. 



Distilled water 
Mix. In gonorrhoea. 

Lotion of Sulphate of Zinc. 
R. Sulphate of zinc sixteen grains 



ZINCI VALERIANAS— ZINGIBER. 



415 



Kose water 
Mix. 
R. Sulphate of zinc 

Water 

Lead water 
Mix. 
R. Sulphate of zinc 

Distilled vinegar 
Mix. 



sixteen fl. ounces 

Beral. 

half a drachm 

half a pint 

half a pint 



four scruples 

one pint 

Beral. 



Sulphate of Zinc Mixture. 
R. Sulphate of zinc one grain 

Decoction of cas- 

carilla twelve fl. drachms 

Simple syrup four fl. drachms 

Mix, to be divided into four doses, one to 
be taken three times a-day, in hooping- 
cough. Ainslie. 



ZINCI VALERIANAS. 

Valerianate op Zinc. 
R. Valerian root, 

recent, one hundred parts 

Water five hundred parts 

Sulphuric acid ten parts 

Bichromate of potassa six parts 

Macerate the coarsely powdered valerian 
in the water, to which had been added the 
sulphuric acid and the bichromate, for 
twenty-four hours, introduce the mixture 
into a still, and apply heat; returning the 
first fourth of the product to the still; the 
process is then to be continued, until the 
distilled water ceases to redden litmus pa- 
per. The product is then to be placed in 
a large matrass, and an excess of pure 
hydrated carbonate of zinc, is to be added, 
and allowed to digest at 190° F., for three 
or four hours, on a sand-bath, until saturat- 
ed. The solution is then to be filtered and 
evaporated over a naked fire, till reduced 
to fifty parts, then placed on plates, and 
suffered to evaporate in a drying room, or 
by a moderate temperature. Lefort. 

R. Contused valerian thirty-two ounces 
Water eight pounds 

Sulphuric acid three ounces 

Macerate for two days, and distil as long 
as the product reddens litmus paper. Ex- 
pose to the air for a month, then put it in 
a matrass with two hundred and twenty- 
five grains of recently prepared oxide of 
zinc, and digest on a sand-bath for eight 
or ten hours, at 175° F. agitating occa- 
sionally; filter whilst hot, evaporate to 
three-fourths, and dry the residue on earth- 
en plates. Buisson. 



Has been recommended as a powerful tonic 
and antispasmodic, in neuralgia and hysteria, but 
has not been sufficiently tried to ascertain its 
true powers. Dose, one to two grains. 

Pills op Valerianate op Zinc. 
R. Valerianate of zinc nine grains 

Tragacanth thirty grains 

Mix, and make twelve pills. One, morn- 
ing and evening, in nervous headache, &e. 
Bevay. 

Mixture of Valerianate of Zinc. 
R. Valerianate of 

zinc one grain and a-half 

Distilled 

water five drachms, twenty drops 
Syrup one ounce 

Mix. A spoonful, 'every half hour. 

Bevay. 



ZINGIBER. 

Ginger. 

The rhizome of Zingiber officinale, a small, 
herbaceous, perennial plant, a native of the East 
Indies. 

Sex. Syst. Monand. monog. Nat. Syst. Zingi- 



Roscoe, Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 348. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 629. 

The rhizome, or root, is creeping, knotty, lo- 
bated or palmated, and fleshy, with an agree- 
able, pungent, camphoraceous odor, and an aro- 
matic, acrid, burning taste. Two kinds are met 
with in commerce, the black and the white ; 
the first consists of the roots, scalded in hot 
water and dried; the second is composed of 
these roots, deprived of their epidermis previous 
to desiccation. Ginger contains a volatile oil, a 
soft, acrid resin, some gum, various salts, and 
the usual vegetable constituents. It is stimulat- 
ing ; somewhat acrid, aromatic, and stomachic. 
It is given in doses of ten grains to a scruple, or 
more. 

Ginger Lozenges. 
R. Powdered ginger two ounces 

sugar fourteen ounces 

Gum tragacanth 

Water, each, twelve drachms 

Mix well, and form lozenges of sixteen 
grains, each. Soubeiran. 

Syrup of Ginger. 

R. Ginger, sliced, three ounces 

Boiling water three pints 

Infuse for four hours, strain, and add 

double its weight of sugar, and form syrup. 

Guibourt. 

Ginoer Beer. 

R. Sugar three pounds 

Bruised ginger two ounces 

Cream of tartar one ounce 

Lemons, sliced, four 



416 



ZINGIBER. 



Yeast eight fl. ounces 

Boiling water four gallons 

Pour the water on the four first-named 
ingredients, infuse for two hours, strain, 
add the yeast, and, when fermentation has 
commenced, pour into strong bottles, and 
wire down the corks. Redwood. 

R. White sugar twenty pounds 

Lemon juice eighteen fl. ounces 

Honey one pound 

Bruised ginger seventeen ounces 

Water eighteen gallons 

Boil the ginger in three gallons of the 
water for half an hour; add the sugar, 
lemon juice, and honey, with the remain- 
der of the water, and strain ; when cold, 
add the white of an egg, and half an. ounce 
of essence of lemon ; let rest for four days, 
and bottle. Pereira. 

Oil of Ginger. 
R. Ginger one part 

Water six parts 

Digest for five or six days; distil, and col- 
lect the oil. 

Ethereal Extract of Ginger. 
R. Ginger four ounces 

Sulphuric ether six ounces 

Treat the powdered ginger with the ether, 
in a displacement apparatus, and evapo- 
rate the product by means of a water-bath; 
one part corresponds to sixteen of ginger. 

Beral. 



Tincture of Ethereal Extract of 

Ginger. 

R. Ethereal extract of ginger one part 

Alcohol (.825) fifteen parts 

Dissolve. Beral. 

Syrup of Ethereal Extract of 

Ginger. 

R . Ethereal extract of ginger one scruple 

Syrup of sugar one ounce 

Dissolve, and strain, after twenty-four 
hours' digestion. Beral. 

Essence of Ginger. 
R. Jamaica ginger four ounces 

French brandy one pint 

Powder the ginger coarsely, moisten it 
with the brandy, put it in a displacer, and 
pour the remainder of the brandy on it; 
when it ceases to pass, add diluted alco- 
hol, till one pint has passed in all. 



Spice Plaster. 



two ounces 



R. Powdered ginger 
cloves 

cinnamon, each, one ounce 
red pepper two drachms 
Tincture of ginger half an ounce 

Honey sufficient 

Mix the powders; add the tincture, and 
sufficient honey to make of proper con- 
sistence for a stiff cataplasm. 

W. Procter. 



DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 

NOT INCLUDED AMONG- THE PREVIOUS PRESCRIPTIONS. 



Tous les Mois. 
This is a variety of arrowroot, prepared 
from the rhizomes of a species of Canna, 
and is to be employed in the same manner, 
and in same cases, as arrowroot. 

Mucilage op Salep. 
Salep is the prepared bulbs of several 
species of orchidaceous plants. It is more 
nutritive than arrowroot or sago, and 
hence is adapted for the convalescent, 
rather than for the sick. These roots are 
powdered with much difficulty. The 
mucilage is prepared by dissolving the 
powder in boiling water, constantly stir- 
ring, and adding to the solution sugar and 
milk. Soubeiran orders powdered salep, 
half an ounce, to be boiled with a sufficient 
quantity of water till dissolved, four ounces 
of sugar added, and to be aromatized ac- 
cording to taste. 

Biscuit Jelly. 
"White biscuit, four ounces, to be boiled 
down in four pints of water, to one-half, 
strained, and evaporated to one pint; one 
pound of white sugar, four ounces of port 
wine, and one drachm of cinnamon water 
added, and the whole well mixed. It has 
been found useful in debility of the diges- 
tive organs. A. T. Thomson. 

Bread Jelly. 
Cut a French roll into slices, toast these 
on both sides, and boil in a quart of water, 
until the whole forms a jelly, adding more 
water if required ; strain, and flavor. This 
is nutritious, and may be made more so by 
using broth, wholly deprived of fat, instead 
of water. Coolcy. 

Panada. 

Stale wheat bread, one ounce ; cinnamon, 
one drachm ; water, one pint ; cover up and 
let stand for an hour, beat up and boil for 
ten minutes, adding a little grated nutmeg 

27 



and sugar. Wine may be added, if re- 
quired. Ellis. 

Compound Salep Powders. 

Powdered salep, tragacanth, and sago, 
each, four ounces ; cochineal, half a drachm ; 
prepared oyster shells, one ounce. These 
are to be carefully mixed and divided into 
powders, of one drachm each. Stir one of 
these into a pint of milk, and boil for ten 
or fifteen minutes. To be taken freely in 
diarrhoea and dysentery. Ellis. 

These are known as Castanelld 's powders, 
for which the following is used as a substi- 
tute. Powdered gum Arabic, tragacanth, 
arrowroot, sago, and tapioca, each, two 
drachms. Mix them well together, boil 
in a pint of milk, flavored with nutmeg 
or cinnamon. Used as a diet in dysentery, 
diarrhcea, &c. 

Vegetable Broth. 

Take two potatoes, one carrot, one turnip, 
and one onion. Slice them, and boil in a 
quart of water for an hour, adding more 
water from time to time, so as to keep up 
the original quantity; flavor with salt and 
a small portion of potherbs ; strain. When 
advisable, a small quantity of mushroom 
catsup added to this broth greatly improves 
its taste. 

A good substitute for animal food, when 
this last is inadmissible. Ellis. 

G-loucester Jelly. 
Rice, sago, pearl barley, hartshorn shav- 
ings, eryngium root, each, one ounce; boil 
in three pints of water to one pint, and 
strain. This is very nutritive, dissolved 
in broth, milk, or wine. A. T. Thomson. 

Almond Jelly. 
Blanched sweet almonds and white sugar, 
each, one ounce; water, four ounces; make 
an emulsion ; strain, and add melted harts- 
horn jelly, half a pound; orange-flower 



418 

water one drachm; and essence of lemon 
two or three drops. Cooley. 

Boiled Flour. 

Take of fine flour a pound, tie it up in 
a linen cloth as tight as possible, and after 
frequently dipping it into cold water, dredge 
the outside with flour, till a crust is formed 
round it, which will prevent the water soak- 
ing into it, whilst boiling. Boil for a long 
time, and permit to cool, when it will be- 
come a hard, dry mass. 

This to be grated and prepared like ar- 
rowroot. A good diet for children, in 
diarrhoea, &c. Ellis. 

Beef Tea. 

Take of lean beef, cut into shreds, one 
pound; water, one quart. Boil for twenty 
minutes, removing any scum that arises. 
When it has become cold, strain. Ellis. 

Take half a pound of good rump stake, 
cut it into thin slices, and spread these in 
a hollow dish; sprinkle a little salt over 
them, and pour upon the whole a pint of 
boiling water. Cover the dish and place 
it near the fire for half an hour; then re- 
move to a pan and boil for fifteen minutes; 
strain through a fine sieve. 

The quantity of water is too small for 
the strength of the tea for invalids, but is 
sufficient to extract all the soluble parts of 
the beef, and the tea can be reduced to the 
proper strength by the addition of boiling 
water. A. T. Thomson. 

Essence of Beef. 

Take of lean beef, sliced, a sufficient 
quantity to fill the body of a porter bottle, 
cork up loosely, and place it in a pot of 
cold water, attaching the neck, by means 
of a string, to the handle of the pot. Boil 
for an hour and a-half to two hours, then 
decant the liquid and skim it. 

To this preparation may be added spices, 
salt, wine, brandy, &c, according to the 
taste of the patient and nature of the dis- 
ease. Ellis. 

Mutton Tea. 
Take one pound of good mutton, freed 
from the fat, and cut into thin slices; pour 
over it a pint and a-half of boiling water, 
in the same manner as directed for beef tea; 
but it requires to be boiled for half an hour, 
previous to straining. If the invalid desires 
the addition of barley, an ounce of clean 
pearl barley, washed, and macerated in 
boiling water for an hour, may be boiled 



DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 



with the mutton tea, and the undissolved 
barley, separated by straining. 

A. T. Thomson. 

Veal Tea. 
This is to be made in the same manner 
as beef tea, using a pound of the fillet of 
veal, free from fat and sliced, and a pint 
and a-half of boiling water; boiling for 
half an hour. It may also be made with 
the same quantity of the fleshy part of a 
knuckle of veal. By boiling this latter 
down to one-half, and straining, the decoc- 
tion will gelatinize, and, if poured into 
small cups, will keep good for several days. 
By the addition of an equal quantity of 
boiling water to this jelly, it is fit for use 
in a few minutes. A. T. Thomson. 

Chicken Water. 

Take half a chicken, divested of all fat, 
and break the bones; add to this half a 
gallon of water, boil for half an hour, 
strain, and season with salt. Ellis. 

Take a small chicken, free it from the 
skin, and from all the fat between the 
muscles; divide it longitudinally into 
halves ; remove the lungs, liver, &c, then 
cut it, bones and muscles, into thin slices, 
put these into a pan with a sufficient 
quantity of salt ; add a quart of boiling 
water, cover the pan, and simmer slowly 
for two hours; strain through a fine sieve. 
A. T. Thomson. 

Calves' Foot Jelly. 
Take two calves' feet, and add to them 
one gallon of water, and boil down to one 
quart ; strain, and when cold, remove all 
fat ; then add the white of six or eight 
eggs, well beaten ; a pint of wine, half a 
pound of loaf sugar, and the juice of four 
lemons, and mix well. Boil for a few 
minutes, constantly stirring ; then strain 
through a flannel bag. The wine may be 
omitted if necessary. Ellis. 

Toast Water. 

Toast thoroughly a slice of stale bread, 
put it in a jug and pour over it a quart 
of water, which has been boiled and 
cooled, and in two hours decant ; a small 
piece of orange or lemon peel put into 
the jug with the bread, improves the fla- 
vor greatly. 

This forms a good drink in febrile affec- 
tions. A. T Thomson. 

Apple Water. 
Slice two large apples, and pour over the 



DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 



419 



slices a pint of boiling water. Let stand 
for an hour, and decant; if necessary, 
sweeten with a little white sugar. 

A. T. Thomson. 

It is also prepared by boiling for an hour 

ten ounces of sliced apple in two pints of 

water, and straining. Soubelran. 

Lemon-Peel Water. 
Pare the rind of one lemon, which has 
been previously rubbed with half an ounce 
of refined loaf sugar, put the peeling and 
sugar into a jar, and pour over them a 
quart of boiling water. When cold, pour 
off the fluid, and add a tablespoonful of 
lemon juice. If wine be not improper, 
a glass of sherry may be added, instead 
of the lemon juice. A. T. Thomson. 

Bran Tea. 

Fresh wheat bran one pound, water three 
quarts. Boil down to one quart, strain, 
and add sugar, honey, or molasses, ac- 
cording to the taste of the patient. 

Chicken Panada. 
Take the white meat of a boiled or roast- 
ed chicken, free it from the skin, and cut 
it into small morsels ; pound these in a 
mortar with an equal quantity of stale 
bread, and a sufficiency of salt, adding 
gradually some of the water in which the 
chicken has been boiled, or some beef tea, 
until the whole forms a thin, fluid paste ; 
put this into a pan, and boil for ten min- 
utes, continually stirring. 

A. T. Thomson. 

Mutton Broth. 
Take a pound of mutton, freed from fat, 
put it into a pan with three pints of wa- 
ter, and simmer for two hours. Take 
three carrots, the same number of turnips, 
peel, and cut them in slices, boil them for 
half an hour in a quart of water, throw 
them on a colander to drain off the water, 
and having boiled two onions sliced in a 
pint of water, and poured off the water, 
add the whole of these vegetables to the 
mutton liquor ; after removing the meat, 
season with salt and a little celery seed. 
Simmer slowly for four hours, put in the 
meat again, and continue to simmer for 
another hour. The meat may be served 
with the broth. A palatable and very 
nutritive dish for convalescents. 

A. T. Thomson. 

Fowl wrrn Bice. 
Free a young fowl from the skin and the 
fat on the exterior of the body, and sim- 



mer it in good beef tea, till it is very ten- 
der; season with salt, and, having boiled 
some rice, add it to the liquor before the 
fowl is dished. A. T. Thomson, 

Water Souchy. 

Take two small, fresh flounders, boil 
them in a quart of water to one-third, or 
long enough to reduce the fish to a pulp ; 
strain the liquor through a sieve, and, 
having cut off the fins of four other small 
flounders, put the latter into the liquor, 
with a sufficiency of salt, a few grains of 
cayenne pepper, and a small quantity of 
chopped parsley, and boil till the fish is 
perfectly done. The fish and liquor are 
to be eaten together. 

Few dishes are more relished by conva- 
lescents from fever. A. T. Thomson. 

Scale, gut, and wash two perch; put 
salt in the water ; when it boils, put in 
the fish, with an onion cut into slices and 
separated into rings, a handful of parsley, 
picked and washed clean; when the fish are 
done, put them in a soup-dish, and pour 
the liquor over them. Kofland. 

Mulled Wine. 

Take a quarter of an ounce of bruised 
cinnamon, half a nutmeg, grated, and ten 
bruised cloves ; infuse them in half a pint 
of boiling water for an hour, strain, and add 
half an ounce of white sugar ; pour the whole 
into a pint of hot port or sherry wine. 

A good cordial and restorative in the 
low stages of fever, or in the debility of 
convalescence from fevers. A. T. Thomson. 

Cold Custard. 
Take the yolk and white of an egg, and 
a tablespoonful of sugar ; beat together, 
till the tenacity of the white of the egg is 
entirely destroyed ; add gradually, constant- 
ly stirring, a half a pint of cold water, 
two teaspoonfuls of rose water, and a little 
grated nutmeg. A wineglassful to be 
taken every two or three hours. Deioees. 

Molasses Posset. 
Put in a saucepan a pint of best molas- 
ses, a teaspoonful of powdered white gin- 
ger, and a quarter of a pound of fresh 
butter. Simmer for half an hour, stirring 
frequently. Then stir in the juice of two 
lemons, or two tablespoonfuls of vinegar, 
cover the pan, and let it stand by the fire 
five minutes. A. T. Thomson. 

Chicken Jelly. 
Cut a chicken into small pieces, bruise 
the bones, and put the whole into a stone 



420 

jar, with a cover that fits water tight. 
Set the jar in a large kettle of boiling 
water, and keep it boiling for three hours. 
Then strain, and season with salt, pepper, 
and mace, or with loaf sugar and lemon 
juice, according to circumstances and taste. 
A. T. Thomson. 

Chocolate. 
Put milk and water on to boil ; then 
scrape the chocolate fine, one or two 
squares to a pint, as will best suit the 
stomach ; when the milk and water boils, 
take it off the fire, throw the chocolate 
into it, mill it well, and serve it up with 
the froth. The sugar may be mixed with 
the scraped chocolate, or added afterwards. 
It should never be made before it is want- 
ed, as heating it again injures the flavor, 
and causes a separation of the oil. Cooley. 

Chocolate Milk. 
Dissolve an ounce of scraped chocolate 
in a pint of boiling new milk. Cooley. 

Coffee Milk. 
Boil a dessertspoonful of ground coffee 
in a pint of milk, for a quarter of an 
hour ; then clear it with white of egg or 
isinglass, let it boil for a few minutes, and 
set it by the side of the fire to fine. 
Sweeten according to taste. 

This is a suitable breakfast for those 
of spare habit, and disposed to affections 
of the lungs. Cooley. 

Rice Custard. 

Boil half a cupful of the best ground 

rice in a pint of milk, until dissolved; 

then mix it with a quart of cream ; flavor 

with nutmeg, mace, and a little brandy. 

Cooley. 

Frumenty. 

Bruised wheat, boiled in water until 
• mite soft; drain, thin with milk, sweeten, 
and flavor according to taste. 

The bruised wheat boiled to a paste, 
and, when cold, eaten with milk, in the 
evening, for some time, will often relieve 
costiveness. 

Ginger Beer. 
Take of white sugar, three pounds ; 
bruised ginger, two ounces ; cream of tar- 
tar, one ounce ; lemons, sliced, four; boiling 
water, four gallons ; yeast, eight ounces. 
Pour the water on the four first-named in- 
gredients, and infuse for two hours ; then 
strain, add the yeast, and, when fermenta- 



DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 



tion has continued for some hours, put 
into stone bottles and tie down the corks. 

Gray. 

Spruce Beer. 
Take of sugar, six pounds; essence of 
spruce, four ounces ; boiling water, ten 
gallons ; yeast, eight ounces. Add the 
water to the sugar and essence, ferment 
with the yeast, and bottle in the same 
way as ginger beer. Gray. 

Molasses Beer. 
Take of molasses, fourteen pounds ; hops, 
a pound and a-half ; water, thirty- six gal- 
lons ; yeast, a pound. Boil the hops in 
the water, add the molasses, and ferment. 

Gray. 

Caudle. 

Into a pint of thin gruel, put, while it 
is boiling hot, the yolk of an egg, beaten 
with sugar, and mixed with a tablespoon- 
ful of cold water, a glass of wine, and 
some nutmeg ; mix well together. 

A nourishing, restorative mixture, given 
during convalescence. Gray. 

Barley Mixture. 

Take of pearl barley, sliced figs, stoned 
raisins, of each, two ounces and a-half; 
liquorice root, sliced and bruised, five 
drachms ; water, five pints and a-half. 
Clean the barley by washing, boil it in 
four and a-half pints of the water, down 
to two pints; add the figs, raisins, and li- 
quorice root, with the remaining pint of 
water ; boil down to two pints, and strain. 

This is nutritive and demulcent. Gray. 

Artificial Asses' Milk. 
Boil together a pint of water and an 
ounce of hartshorn shavings, until reduced 
to a jelly; add two ounces of white sugar; 
when cold, mix with a pint of new milk, 
and a teaspoonful of syrup of Tolu. To 
be taken freely, as a nutritive beverage. 
Cooley. 

Isinglass Blancmange. 
Isinglass, a quarter of a pound; rose 
water, half a pint; milk, two quarts; milk 
of almonds, half a pint. Boil to a proper 
consistence, and permit to cool. 

Hoffmann. 

Fiice Blancmange. 
Ground rice, two ounces ; milk, one pint; 
lump sugar, three ounces ; a little lemon 
peel and cinnamon ; dissolve the rice in 



DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 



421 



the milk, by boiling, reduce it to a pro- 
per consistence, tlien add the spice and 
sugar; boil for a few minutes, strain, and 
let cool. The rice should be rubbed up 
with a little water, before adding it to the 
milk, to prevent it from being in lumps. 
Gooley. 
Soda Cakes. 
Flour, one pound; bicarbonate of soda, 



a quarter of an ounce ; sugar and butter, 
each, half a pound ; make a paste with 
milk; add candied orange, lemon, or ci- 
tron, or the fresh peel, grated, according 
to taste. They may be made with the 
same quantity of carbonate of magnesia, 
instead of the soda, and the candied peel 
omitted. In dyspepsia, with acidity. 

Gooley. 



LIST OF INCOMPATIBLES, 



Absinthium, with sulphates of iron and 
zinc, acetates of lead, nitrate of silver, 
tartar emetic. 

Acacia, with Goulard's extract, alcohol, 
nitric acid, muriated tincture of iron. 

Acidum Aceticum, with alkalies, alka- 
line and earthy carbonates. 

Acidum Citricum, with mineral acids, 
acetates of lead, nitrate and acetate 
of mercury, alkalies, alkaline sul- 
phurets. 

Acidum Arsenic-sum, with lime water, 
hydrosulphate of potassa, astringent 
vegetable infusions and decoctions. 

Acidum Gallicum, with lime water, car- 
bonate of potassa, acetate of lead, 
sulphate of copper, nitrate of silver, 
iodide of iron, sulphate of iron, tartar 
emetic, nitrate of silver, solution of 
isinglass, solution of opium, &c. 

Acidum Hydrocyanicum, with mineral 
acids, metallic oxides, chlorine, &c. 

Acidum Muriaticum, with alkalies and 
their carbonates, alkaline earths, me- 
tallic oxides, sulphuret of potassium, 
tartrate of potassa, and most metallic 
salts, especially those of silver. 

Acidum Nitricum, with the metallic 
oxides, the salifiable bases, the essen- 
tial oils, kc. 

Acidum Nitro Muriaticum, with oxides, 
earths and alkalies, the sulphurets, &c. 

Acidum Phosphoricum, with the soluble 
salts of lime, baryta, and lead. 

Acidum Sulphuricum, with the earths, 
alkalies, and their carbonates, the 
sulphurets, &c. 

Acidum Tannicum, per salts of iron, albu- 
men, gelatin, &c. 

Acidum Tartaricum, with alkalies and 
their carbonates, and the salts of po- 
tassa. 

JEther Hypo nitro sus, with alcoholic 
solution of caustic potassa. 



iETHER Muriaticus, with solution of 
caustic potassa. 

ALUMINiE ET POTASSiE SULPHAS, with 

the alkalies and alkaline carbonates, 
lime, magnesia, acetate of lead, infu- 
sion of galls, &c. 

Ammonia, with acids, mineral salts, alum, 
&c. 

Ammonite Acetas, with alkalies, strong 
acids, corrosive sublimate, nitrate of 
silver, kc. 

Ammonite Carbonas, with acids, caustic 
potassa, magnesia, alum, chloride of 
calcium, bitartrate and bisulphate of 
potassa, the salts of iron, bichloride 
of mercury, salts of lead, sulphate of 
zinc, &c. 

Ammonite Murias, with sulphuric and 
nitric acids, salts of lead and silver, 
potassa, the carbonates of potassa 
and soda, lime, &c. 

Angustura, with sulphates of iron and 
copper, nitrate of silver, tartar emetic, 
acetates of lead, bichloride of mer- 
cury, potassa, infusion of galls, &c. 

xVnthemis, with solution of gelatin, infu- 
sions containing gallic acid, salts of 
iron, nitrate of silver, salts of lead, 
bichloride of mercury, &c. 

Antimonii Sulphuretum, with nitric 
and nitro-muriatic acids. 

Antimonii et Potassje Tartras, with 
alkalies and earths, and their carbon- 
ates, strong acids, hydrosulphurets, 
lime water, chloride of calcium, salts 
of lead, soaps, infusions containing 
gallic acid, rhubarb, &c. 

Armoracia, with carbonates of the alka- 
lies, bichloride of mercury, nitrate of 
silver, vegetable bitters and astrin- 
gents, &e. 

Argenti Nitras, with the fixed alkalies, 
sulphuric, muriatic, and arsenious 
acids, and their salts, lime, the chlo- 
rides and sulphurets, astringent vege- 



LIST OF LNCOMPATIBLES. 



423 



table infusions, solutions of the salts 

of mercury and copper, &c. 
Arnica, with sulphates of iron and zinc, 

acetate of lead, mineral acids, &c. 
Aurantii Cortex, with infusion of bark, 

sulphate of iron, lime water, &c. 

Barytje Murias, with alum, nitrate of 
silver, &c. 

Benzoinum, with the acids and alkalies. 

Bistorta, with salts of iron, gelatin, &c. 

Belladonna, with caustic alkaline solu- 
tions. 

Bismuthi Nitras, with the alkalies, 
vegetable astringents. 

Calamus, with acetate of lead. 

Calclt Chloridum Liquor, with carbo- 
nates of soda and potassa, and carbon- 
ate of magnesia, &c. 

Calcts Liquor, with the mineral and 
acetic, phosphoric, tartaric, and citric 
acids, muriate of ammonia, the alka- 
line carbonates, soap, the vegetable 
astringents, alum, sulphates of iron 
and zinc, sulphate of magnesia, chlo- 
rides of mercury, nitrate of silver. 

Calcis Carbonas, with the acids and 
acidulous salts, alum, muriate of am- 
monia. 

Capsicum, with corrosive sublimate, ace- 
tate of lead, nitrate of silver, sul- 
phates of iron, zinc, or copper, car- 
bonates of the alkalies. 

Cardamomum, with the acids, sulphate of 
iron, bichloride of mercury, &c. 

Caryophyllus, with tartar emetic, sul- 
phates of iron and zinc, &c. 

Cascarilla, with lime water, sulphates of 
iron and zinc, infusions containing 
gallic acid. 

Cassia Fistula, with alcohol. 

Catechu, with alkalies, the salts of iron, 
gelatin, &c. 

Cinchona, with strong acids, alkalies, 
sulphates of iron and zinc, nitrate of 
silver, tartar emetic, lime,magnesia,&c. 

Coccus, with acetate of lead, sulphate of 

zinc and iron. 
Colchicum, with acids which render the 

vinous tincture drastic; alkalies, on 

the contrary, render it milder in its 

operation. 



Colocynthis, with fixed alkalies, sulphate 
of iron, nitrate of silver, acetate of 
lead, &c. 

Columba, with ammonia, lime water, mi- 
neral acids, muriate of iron, nitrate 
of silver, acetate of lead, isinglass. 

Conium, with the acids. 

Contrayerva (tincture), with water. 

Copaiba, with the mineral acids. 

Coptis Trieoliata, with nitrate of sil- 
ver, acetate of lead. 

Creta Pr^parata, with acids and acid- 
ulous salts, alum, muriate of ammonia. 

Cuprum Ammoniatum, with acids, po- 
tassa and soda, lime water. 

Cupri Sulphas, with fixed alkalies, am- 
monia, and its carbonate, bichloride 
of mercury, arsenite of potassa, nitrate 
of silver, acetate of lead, vegetable 
infusion, &c. 

Cydonia, with acids, most metallic salts, 
alcohol. 

Digitalis, with sulphate of iron, infu- 
sion of Peruvian bark, acetate of lead. 

Ferrum Ammoniatum, with acids, the 
fixed alkalies, lime water, astringent 
infusions. 

Ferri Iodidum, with fixed alkalies, lime 
water, vegetable astringents, &c. 

Ferri et Potass^ Tartras, with the 
mineral acids, alkalies, vegetable as- 
tringents. 

Ferri Subcarbonas, with the mineral 
acids, acidulous salt, &c. 

Ferri Muriatis Tinctura, with alka- 
lies and their carbonates, lime water, 
carbonate of lime, magnesia, and its 
carbonate, solution of gum, vegetable 
astringents. 

Ferri Sulphas, with nitric acid, fixed 
alkalies, and their carbonates, lime 
water, nitrate of potassa, borate of 
soda, acetate of lead, iodide of potas- 
sium, vegetable astringents, &c. 

G ALLA, with the carbonates of the alka- 
lies, lime water, sulphates of iron and 
zinc, acetate of lead, bichloride of 
mercury, gelatin, &c. 

Guaiaci Tincture, with water, the mine- 
ral acids, spirit of nitric ether, earthy 
and metallic salts, &c. 



424 



LIST OF INCOMPATIBLES. 



Granatum (Cortex), with sulphate of 
iron, &c. 

ILematoxylon, with mineral acids, solu- 
tion of alum, sulphate of iron and 
copper, tartar emetic, acetate of lead. 

Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum, with muri- 
atic acid, the fixed alkalies. 

Hydrargyri Chloridum mite, with the 
alkalies, lime, muriate of ammonia, 
chlorides of potassium and sodium, 
carbonates of the alkalies, nitric acid, 
salts of iron, lead, and copper, iodide 
of potassium, soaps, &c. 

Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosivum, 
with alkalies and their carbonates, car- 
bonates of lime, tartar emetic, sul- 
phuret of potassium, soaps, iron, cop- 
per, lead, and their salts, nitrate of 
silver, albumen, gelatin, vegetable 
astringents, fixed oils, &c. 

Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubrum, with the 
mineral acids. 

Hydrargyri Oxidum Nigrum, with the 
mineral and acetic acids. 

Hydrargyri Iodidum, with the mineral 
acids, iodide of potassium, chloride of 
sodium. 

Hydrargyri Iodidum Rubrum, with 
the mineral acids, iodide of potassium, 
chloride of sodium. 

Hydrargyrum cum Creta, with the 
mineral and acetic acids, alum, &c. 

Hyoscyamus, with acetate of lead, nitrate 
of silver, sulphate of iron. 

IODIXE. 

Ipecacuanha, with the vegetable acids, 
the vegetable astringents, acetate of 
lead, &c. 

Kino, with the salts of iron, the mineral 

acids, tartar emetic, &c. 
Krameria, with salts of iron, gelatin, 

mineral acids, &c. 

Lupulus, with the salts of iron. 

Magnesia, with acids and acidulous salts, 
muriate of ammonia, metallic salts. 

Magnesia Carbonas, with acids and 
acidulous salts, metallic salts, lime 
water, muriate of ammonia, bitartrate 
of potassa. 



Magnesia Sulphas, with ammonia, ace- 
tate of lead ,chloride of calcium, lime 
water, potassa and soda, and their 
carbonates, &c. 

Mentha, with sulphate of iron, nitrate of 
silver, acetate of lead, &c. 

Morphine Acetas, with alkaline carbon- 
ates, ammonia, all articles incompati- 
ble with infusion of opium, except 
acetate of lead. 

Morphea Murias, with acetate of lead, 
ammonia, alkaline carbonates, &c. 

Moschus, with mineral acids, bichloride 
of mercury, sulphate of iron, nitrate 
of silver, infusion of bark, &c. 

Opium, with ammonia, carbonates of po- 
tassa and soda, nitrate of silver, acetate 
of lead, salts of copper, iron, and zinc, 
infusion of galls, &c. 

Potassa, with acids and acidulous salts, 
earthy and metallic salts, ammonia 
and its salts, &c. 

Potass^e Acetas, with mineral acids, 
sulphates of soda and magnesia, tar- 
taric acid, &c. 

Potassje Arsenitis Liquor, with lime 
water, acids, chloride of calcium, sul- 
phate of magnesia, alum, sulphate of 
iron, iodide of iron, nitrate of silver, 
vegetable astringents. 

Potassje Bitartras, with lime water, 
ammonia, carbonates of potassa and 
soda, magnesia, sulphate of magnesia, 
&c. 



PoTASSiE Carbonas, with acids, metallic- 
salts, lime water, sulphate of magnesia, 
muriate of ammonia, &c. 

Potassle Citras, with salts of lime, lead, 
and silver, sulphuric acid. 

Potass^e Nitras, with alum, sulphate of 
magnesia, metallic sulphates, sul- 
phuric acid, muriatic acid (when 
heated). 

Potassa Sulphas, with tartaric acid, 
acetate of lead, nitric and muriatic 
acids, chloride of calcium, bichloride 
of mercury, nitrate of silver, sulphate 
of magnesia. 

Potassa Sulphuretum, with acids, most 
metallic salts. 

Potassa Tartras, with all acids, lime 
water, acetate of lead, nitrate of 
silver. 



LIST OF INCOMPATIBLES. 



425 



Potassii Iodidum, with acetate of lead, 
bichloride of mercury, tartaric acid, 
metallic salts, all acids and acidulous 
salts, except bitartrate of potassa. 

Pimenta, with alum, ammonia, alkaline 
carbonates, salts of iron, copper, zinc, 
and silver, vegetable astringents. 

Piper Nigrum, with vegetable astrin- 
gents. 

Plumbi Acetas, with the alkalies and 
their carbonates, tartaric, citric, and 
sulphuric acids, tartrate and bitartrate 
of potassa, alkaline and metallic sul- 
phates, alum, borax, lime water, vege- 
table astringents, infusion of opium, 
the soaps, milk. 

Plumbi Iodidum, with solution of potassa, 
sulphuric acid. 

Quassia, with nitrate of silver, acetate of 
lead, &c. 

Quini^ Sulphas, with tartaric acid, tar- 
trate of potassa, alkalies and their 
carbonates, lime water, infusion of 
galls. 

Rheum, with strong acids, lime water, sul- 
phates of iron and zinc, tartar emetic, 
bichloride of mercury, vegetable as- 
tringents. 

Rosa Gallica, with sulphates of iron and 
zinc, gelatin, lime water. 

Salix, with lime water, sulphate of iron, 
alkaline carbonates, solution of isin- 
glass. 

Salvia, with salts of iron. 

Sapo (and liniments, &c, containing it), 
with sulphates of lime and magnesia, 
chloride of calcium, alum, metallic 
salts, lime water. 

Sarsaparilla, with infusion of galls, 
lime water, acetate of lead. 

Scilla, with lime water, alkaline carbon- 



ates, nitrate of silver, acetate of lead, 
&c. 

Senna, with strong acids, carbonates of 
the alkalies, lime water, tartar emetic. 

Serpentaria, with acetate of lead. 

SoDiE Carbonas, with acids, bitartrate of 
potassa, metallic and earthy salts, 
lime water. 

Sod^e Phosphas, with mineral acids, lime, 
magnesia, &c. 

Sodje Sulphas, with salts precipitated by 
sulphuric acid, carbonates of potassa, 
acetate of potassa. 

SoDiE et Potassje Tartras, with most 
acids and acidulous salts, acetate of 
lead. 

Spiritus JEtheris Nitrici, with sul- 
phate of iron, tincture of guaiacum, 
alkaline and earthy carbonates, espe- 
cially those with an excess of acid. 

Tamarindus, with the salts of potassa, 

the alkaline carbonates, lime water, 

tartar emetic. 
Taraxacum, with corrosive sublimate, 

sulphate of iron, nitrate of silver, 

acetate of lead, infusion of galls, &c. 
Thea, with salts of iron, gelatin, lime 

water, &e. 
Tormentilla, with solution of isinglass, 

salts of iron, alkalies, &c. 
Tragacanth, with sulphates of iron and 

copper, acetate of lead, &c. 

Ulmus, with alcohol, tinctures, if added in 

quantity. 
Uva Ursi, with salts of iron. 

Valeriana, with salts of iron. 

Zinci Oxidum, with potassa, soda, and 
ammonia. 

Zinci Sulphas, with potassa, soda, and 
ammonia, and their carbonates, the 
hydrosulphurets, milk, mucilages, &c. 



POSOLOGICAL TABLE 

OF THE 

MOST IMPORTANT MEDICINES. 



Absinthium, Infusion, f^j to ij. 

Extract, grs. x to xx. 
Tincture, gtt. xx to f3ij- 
Oil, gtt. ij to iv. 
Acetosella, Extract, 9j to 3ss. 
Acidum Arseniosum, gr. Jg- to £. 
Benzoicum, grs. x to xx. 
Boracieum, grs. v to xx. 
Gallicurn, grs. ij to x. 
Hydrocyanicum (medicinal), gtt. j 

to ii. 
Hydriodicum, gtt. v to lx. 
Muriaticuin, gtt. v to x. 

diluted, gtt. xx to xxx. 
Nitricum, gtt. v to x. 

diluted, gtt. xx to xxx. 
Phosphoricurn, diluted, gtt. x to 

Sulphuricuin, gtt. ij to v. 

diluted, gtt. x to xxx. 
aromatic, gtt. v to x. 
Tannicum, gr. j to iij. 
Tartaricum, gj to ij. 
Aconitum, Powder, gr. j to ij. 
Extract, gr. j to ij. 

alcoholic, gr. & to J. 
Tincture, gtt. v to vj. 
JEther, Acetic, gtt. x to f5j. 

Hyponitrosus, gtt. x to lx. 

spirit of, f5ss to ij. 
Hydrocyanic, gtt. ij to vj. 
Muriatic, gtt. xxx to lx. 
Sulphuric, fjss to j. 

spirit, f3J to iij. 
compound, f5ss to ij. 
Allium, Syrup, f3j. 
Aloe, Powder, gr. j to v. 

and Canella, grs. v to xx. 
Wine, f3J. to Eh 
Tincture, f3J. to gj. 

and Myrrh, f$ss to jj. 
Aluminse et Potassae Sulphas, grs. v to x. 
Ammonia, Water, gtt. v to xx. 
Acetate, fgss to j. 
Arseniate, gtt. x to xx. 
Carbonate, grs. v to x. 

tincture comp., gtt. x to xl. 



Ammonia, Alcohol, gtt. v to xx. 

aromatic, gtt. x to xx. 
Citrate, ffss to j. 
Hydrosulphate, gtt. v to vj. 
Muriate, gr. j to v. 
Nitrate, 9j to ij. 
Phosphate, f5ss. 
Succinate, Spirit, gtt. xx to 1. 
Sulphate, 9j. to 3ss. 
Ammoniacum, grs. v to xv. 

mixture, f gss to j. 

and Nit. acid, f 3j to iv. 
Amylum, Iodide, 3ss to ij. 
Angelica, Tincture, f 3J to ij. 
Angustura, Powder, grs. x to 3j. 
Infusion, ffij. 
Tincture, f 3j to ij. 
Anthemis, Infusion, f§j to ij. 

Extract, grs. x to xx. 
Syrup, f^ ss. 
Anthracokali, grs. ij to iv. 
Antimonium, grs. x to xx. 

Sulphuret, grs. v to x. 
precipitated, grs. j to iij. 
Kermes mineral, gr. \ 

to x. 
and Lime, grs. j to v. 
Tartrate and Potassa, gr. i 
to iij. 

Wine, gtt. xxx 
to 3j. 
Antimonial Powder, grs. iij 
to x. 
Apocynum, Decoction, f§j to ij. 
Extract, grs. iij to v. 
Argentum, Chloride, gr. T ^ to gr. ij. 

and Ammonia, gr. T x j to r \. 
Cyanide, gr. T \ to £. 
Iodide, J to j. 
Nitrate, gr. J to ij. 
Oxide, gr. \ to ij. 
Armoracia, Infusion, fsj to ij. 

Spirit, comp. f 3J to iv. 
Arnica, Powder, grs. v to x. 
Extract, grs. v to 9j. 
Infusion, f^ss to j. 
Tincture, gtt. xxx to 1. 



POSOLOGICAL TABLE. 



427 



Arsenicum, Iodide, gr. J^- to i. 

Donovan's Solution, gtt. xv 
to f5ss. 
Arum, Powder, grs. x. 
Asclepias Tuberose, Infusion, f ^iij to iv. 
Asparagus, Extract, 9j to £j. 

Syrup, I j to ij. 
Assafetida, grs. ij to x. 

Mixture, f^j to ij. 
Tincture, fjj- 

ammoniated, gtt. v to f 3J- 
Aurum, gr. J to j . 

Chloride, gr. ^ to T V- 

and Sodium, gr. ■£$ to 
_i_ 

1 O' 

Cyanide, gr. T V to T V 
Iodide, gr. ■£§ to y L-. 
Oxide, gr. -^ to |. 
Azederach, Decoction, f Jss to j. 

Ballotta Lanata, Decoction, f giij to iv. 
Baptisia Tinctoria, Decoction, fjss. 
Barium, Chloride, grs. ij to ij. 

Solution, gtt. v. 
Iodide, gr. |. 
Baryta, Solution, gtt. iv to vj. 
Acetate, gtt. iv to vj. 
Bebeerina, Sulphate, grs. v to J)j. 
Belladonna, gr. j to ij. 

Extract, gr. \ to j . 

alcoholic, gr. •§■ to j. 
Syrup, 5j to ij 
Tincture, gtt. xv to xxx. 
Benzoin, Tincture, gtt. x to xx. 
Bismuthum, Subnitrate, grs. ij to x. 
Bistort, Infusion, f5j to ij. 
Boletus Laricis, gr. j to iij . 
Brominum, Solution, gtt. v to x. 
Brucia, gr. £ to £~. 

Tincture, gtt. v to xx. 

Calamus, Infusion, f.5j to ij. 
Calcium, Chloride, Solution, gtt.xx to xxx. 
Iodide, grs. ij to iij. 
Sulphuret, grs. v to x. 
Calx. Lime water, f^ss to ij. 
Calcis Carbonas, Powder, grs. x to xx. 

comp. grs. x to xx. 
Phosphate, 9j to ij. 
Calendula, Extract, grs. ij to v. 
Calomel, grs. ij to x. 
Calotropis, Infusion, 5j to gj. 

Powder, grs. iij to xxx. 
Camphora, grs. iij to x. 

Water, fgss to j. 
Tinctm-e, gtt. v to xx. 
Canella, grs. x to 9j. 
Cannabis, Extract, grs. x. 

Tincture, gtt. x to 3j. 



Cannabis, Kesin, gr. -J to gr. j. 
Cantharis, gr. ss to j. 

Tincture, gtt. xx to f3j. 
Capsicum, grs. v to x. 

Infusion, f^ss. 
Tincture, f 5J to ij. 
Carbo Animalis, grs. x to xx. 
Ligni, Jss to j. 

Mineralis, Anthracokali, grs. ij to iv. 
Cardamomum, Tincture, f3j to ij. 
Carota, Infusion, seeds, f §ij to iv. 
Carum, Spirit, f5J to ij. 
Caryophyllus, Powder, grs. v to x. 
Infusion, f^j to ij. 
Tincture, f^j to ij. 
Oil, gtt. ij to v. 
Cascarilla, Powder, 9j to 3ss. 
Infusion, fgj to ij. 
Extract, grs. x to 3j. 
Tincture, f^j. 
Cassia Fistula, 3ij to §ss. 
Costoreum, grs. v to xx. 

Tincture, gtt. xxx to f^ij- 
Catalpa, Decoction, f^ij to iij. 
Catechu, grs. x to 9j. 

Infusion, comp. f^j to iij. 
Tincture, gtt. xxx to fjiij. 
Centaurea Benedicta, 9j to § j. 

Infusion, fgj to ij. 
Cetraria, 3ss to j. 
Cetrarine, grs. ij to v. 
Chelidonium, Extract, grs. v to xv. 
Chenopodium, Juice, f ^ss. 

Oil, gtt. iv to x. 
Chimaphila, Decoction, f |ij to iv. 

Extract, grs. x to xxx. 
Chiretta, 9j. 

Chlorinum, Water, f Jj to iv. 
Chloroformum, gtt. v to xx. 
Cimicifuga, Decoction, f §j to ij. 

Tincture, gtt. xx. 
Cinchona, Powder, 3ss to j. 

Extract, grs. x to xxx. 
Decoction, f^j. 
Infusion, f^ij. 
Tincture, f 3j to iv. 
Cinchonia, grs. ij to iv. 

Sulphate, gr. j to ij. 
Cinnamomum, Powder, grs. x to 9j. 

comp. grs. x to xxx. 
Tincture, f 3J to iv. 
Codeia, Syrup, f3J. 

Muriate and Morphia, gr. \ to j. 
Colchicum, Powder, grs. ij to viij. 

Extract, bulb, gr. j to ij. 
Wine, root, gtt. x to xx. 

seeds, f3J- 
Tincture, seeds, f3ss to ij. 



428 



POSOLOGICAL TABLE. 



Colocynthis, Powder, gr. j to ij. 
Extract, grs. v to x. 

comp. grs. v to xxx. 
Coloiuba, Powder, grs. x to xxx. 
Infusion, f'Sjij. 
Tincture, f 5J to iv. 
Extract, grs. j to v. 
Coniuin, Powder, grs. iij to v. 
Extract, gr. j to ij. 

alcoholic, gr. j to ij. 
Tincture, gtt. xx to f3J- 
Contrayerva, Powder, 3 SS - 

Extract, 9j to ij. 
Tincture, gtt. xxx to xl. 
Copaiba, grs. xx to f 3J- 

Tincture, gtt. xxx to f5J- 
Oil, gtt. x to xxx. 
Coptis, Powder, grs. x to xxx. 
Infusion, fgss to ij. 
Tincture, f5j to iij. 
Cornus, Powder, 9j to 5J- 
Creasotuni, gtt. j to ij. 
Crocus, grs. x to xxx. 
Cubeba, Powder, grs. x to Jiij- 
Tincture, f^j to ij. 
Oil, gtt. v to x. 
Cupri Acetas, gr. j. 

Sulphas (emetic), gr. j to iij. 
Cuprum Ammonia turn, gr. J to \. 

Delphinium, Tincture, gtt. x to xx. 
Delphniia, gr. \ to £. 
Digitalis, Powder, gr. i to j . 
Infusion, ffjss. 
Tincture, gtt. x to xx. 
Digitalina, gr. T \ to £. 
Diosma, Powder, grs. xx to xxx. 
Infusion, fgj to ij. 
Tincture, f 3J to iv. 
Extract, fluid, f5j to ij. 
Diospyros, Infusion, f^j. 
Dulcamara, Powder, grs. xxx to 3j. 
Decoction, fsj to ij. 
Extract, grs. v to x. 

Elaterium (common), gr. j to ij. 
(genuine), gr. £ to J. 
Elaterina, Tincture, gtt. xx to xl. 
Emetina, gr. T \ to £. 
Sy^p, f3J- 
Ergota, Powder, grs. x to xxx. 
Infusion, fgj. 
Wine, f3ij to iij. 
Tincture, gtt. xx to f3J- 
Extract, gr. ij. 
Oil, gtt. xx to 1. 
Erigeron Annuum, Infusion, f^ij to iv. 
Canadense, Infusion, f |ij to iv. 
Extract, grs. v to x. 



Eupatorium, Powder, grs. xx to xxx. 

Infusion, fgj. 
Euphorbia Corollata, Powder, grs. xv to xx. 
Ipecacuanha, Powder, grs. x. 

to xv. 
Hypericifolia, Infusion, f^ss 

to ij. 
Lathyris, Oil, gtt. iv to xii. 

Ferrum (prepared), grs. v to xx. 

Ammoniated, grs. iv to xii. 

Tincture, gtt. xl 
to f3J- 
Ferri, Acetate, gtt. x to xxv. 

Tincture, gtt. xxx to f3J- 
Arseniate, gr. -^ to T ^. 
Bromidum, grs. ij to v. 
Carbonate, grs. x to 5ij- 

Saccharine, grs.x to 5ss. 
Carburet, grs. v to xv. 
Chloride, gr. j to ij. 

Tincture, gtt. x to xxx. 
Citrate, grs. iv to viij. 

and Quinia, grs. v. to x. 
Ferrocyanide, grs. iij to v. 
Iodide, grs. ij to iij. 

Solution, gtt. xxx to f3J- 
Syrup, f3J. 

Tincture, gtt. xxx to f3J- 
Lactate, grs. ij to iv. 
Malate, grs. v to 9j. 
Nitrate, gtt. vj to xii. 
Persesquinitrate, gtt. x to xii. 
Oxide, Black, grs. v to xx. 

Red, grs. v to xv. 
Phosphate, grs. v to x. 
Sulphate, grs. j to v. 

dried, gr. j to iij. 
Tartrate, grs. v to x. 
Wine, fsj- 
Ammonio, grs. v. 
Tannate, gr. ij to iij. 
Valerianate, grs. j to ij. 
Filix Mas, 3j to ij. 

Extract, grs. xv to xx. 
Frasera, Powder, grs. xxx to 3j. 

Infusion, fsj to ij. 
Fuligo, Tincture, gtt. xxx to f3J. 
Fuligokali, gr. ij to iij. 

Galbanum, grs. x to xx. 
G-alla, Powder, grs. v to xxx. 

Infusion, fsj. to ij. 

Tincture, f 3J to iij. 

Syrup, f 5ss. 
Gambogia, gr. j to vj. 

Solution, alkaline, gtt. xv. 
G-aultheria, Oil, gtt. ij to x. 
Gentiana, Powder, grs. x to xl. 



POSOLOGICAL TABLE. 



429 



Gentiana, Extract, grs. x to 9j. 
Infusion, f Jj. 
Tincture, comp., f3J to ij. 
Geranium, grs. x to xxx. 

Extract, grs. x to xx. 
Geoffroya, 9j to 3ss. 

Decoction, f^j to ij. 
Gillenia, grs. xx to xxx. 
Granatum, Decoction (rind), ffj. 

(bark), f ^ij to iv. 
Gratiola, "Wine, fjj- 
Guaiacum, Resin, grs. x to 9j. 

(Wood, decoction,) f^j to ij. 

Oil, gtt. iv to v. 
Tincture, fjj to iij. 

Ammoniated, f 5J to ij . 

Haernatoxylon, Infusion, f^ss. 

Decoction, f5ij to ff ij. 
Extract, grs. x to xxx. 
Helleborus, Powder, grs. x to Bj. 
Extract, grs. x to xv. 
Tincture, gtt. xxx to f5J- 
Humulus, Infusion, fgj to ij. 
Tincture, f5J to iij. 
Hydrargyrum, 

with Antimony, gr. j to iv. 
Chalk, grs. v to 5j. 
Magnesia, grs. v to 9j . 
Blue pill, grs. v to x. 
Acetate, gr. j. 
Borate, gr. ij. 
Bromide, gr. j to v. 
Bibromide, gr. ^ to -j^. 
Chloride, Corrosive, gr. T *g 
to |. 

Mild, gr. ij to x. 
Cyanuret, gr. -— to -J. 
• Iodide, gr. I- to i. 



Red, gr. 



to*. 



Oxide, Black, gr. j to ij. 

Red, gr. \ to j. 
Phosphate, gr. \ to j . 
Sulphate, gr. J to ij. 
Sulphuret, Black, grs.v to xx 
Red, grs. x to xv. 
Tartrate, gr. j to ij. 
Hippocastanum, Powder, 9ij to iv. 
Hyoscyamus, Powder, grs. ij to v. 

Extract, gr. j. 
Tincture, gtt. xx 
to f5ss. 

Indigum, Powder, Bj to ij. 
Iodinum, gr. \ to j. 

Tincture, gtt. x to xx. 
Ipecacuanha, Powder, grs. xv to xxx. 

comp. grs. v to x. 
Syrup, f5j to ij. 



Ipecacuanha, Wine, fjj to fsj. 

Jalapa, Powder, grs. x to xxx. 
comp., 5ss to j. 
Extract, grs. v to x. 

alkaline grs. iij to ix. 
Soap, grs. x to xv. 
Tincture, f3j to ij. 
Juglans Cinerea, Extract, grs. v to xxx. 
Juniperus, Extract, 3J to iij. 

Infusion, f §ij to iv. 
Oil, gtt. iij to vj. 

Kino, Powder, grs. x to xx. 

Tincture, fjss to ij. 
Krameria, Powder, grs. xx to xxx. 

Extract, grs. x to xx. 

Infusion, fgi to ij. 

Syrup, f ^ss. 

Tincture, f3j to ij. 

Lactucarium, grs. iij. 

Tincture, fjss to ij. 
Lauro Cerasus, Water, fjss to j. 
Liriodendron, Powder, ^ss to ij. 

Infusion, fgj to ij. 

Tincture, f3J to ij. 
Lobelia, Powder, grs. v to x. 
Tincture, f Jss to iv. 
Lupulina, grs. v to x. 

Tincture, f^i to ij. 

Macis, grs. x to 9j. 

Tincture, gtt. xxx to xl. 
Magnesia, 3j. 

Carbonate, 9j to 5J- 
Citrate, Solution, Oj. 
Sulphate, §j. 
Sulphuret, Syrup, f 5SS. 
Phosphate, grs. x to xx. 
Manolia, Powder, 5J to ij. 
Manganesii, Carbonate, 9i to 3i- 
Muriate, grs. iv to x. 
Oxide, grs. ij to iv. 
Sulphate, 3J to ij. 
Manna, ^j to gij. 
Mannite, 3ij to 51J. 
Marrubium, Extract, 5i to 3ss. 
Matico, Infusion, f^j. 

Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 5J- 
Syrup, f3j to ij. 
Mentha Piperita, Oil, gtt. i to iij. 

Essence, gtt. x to xx. 
Mentha Viridis, Infusion, f§j to ij. 
Mcnyanthes, Powder, grs. xx to xxx. 
Infusion, f^j to ij. 
Extract, grs. x to xv. 
Mezereum, Decoction, f 3J to iv. 
Monarda, Oil, gtt. j to iij. 



430 



POSOLOGICAL TABLE. 



Monesia, grs. ij to x. 

Syrup, fsss. 
Morphia, gr. £ to |. 

Acetate, gr. § to |. 

Bimeconate, gr. |. 

Citrate, gtt. v to x. 

Muriate, gr. } to |. 

Sulphate, gr. £ to 5. 
Moschus, grs. v to x. 

Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 3J- 
Mucuna, Electuary, 51 to ij. 
Myroxylon, fjss. 

Syrup, fjj to ij. 
Myrrha, grs. x to xxx. 

Narcotina, grs. iij. 

Muriate, grs. ij to iv. 
Nux vomica, Powder, grs. iij to v. 

Extract, gr. £ to ij. 

Tincture, gtt. v to xx. 

Oleum Animale Empyreumatica, gtt. v to x. 
Cajuputi, gtt. ij to v. 
MorrhuaB, f^ss to fgij. 
Oliyae, ffj. 
Ricini, fsss to j. 
Terebinthinre, gtt. v to t^i. 
Tiglii, gtt. i to ij. 
Opium, gr. j. 

Vinegar, Black drop, gtt. vii to x. 
Lancaster " " gtt. vj to x. 
Houlton's " " gtt. xx. 
Rousseau's " " gtt. iv. 
Porter's " " gtt. v to xx. 
Tincture, gtt. xxv. 

acetated, gtt. xx. 
Wine, gtt. xxv. 
Tincture, Smith's, gtt. iij to v. 
ammoniated, f$i to ij. 
Camphorated, f5J to iij. 
Swediaur's, gtt. v. 
Elixir, gtt. v to xx. 
Opoponax, grs. x to xx. 

Papaver, Syrup, f5ij to fsj. 
Pareira, Powder, grs. xxx to 3J- 

Infusion, fsj to ij. 

Decoction, f|j to ij. 

Extract, grs. x to 3ss. 

Tincture, gtt. 1 to lx. 
Paullinia, grs. x to xx. 
Petroleum, f£ss to j. 
Petroselinum, Infusion, Oss. 
Phloridzina, grs. v to xv. 
Phosphorus, gr. T \. 
Phytolacca, Powder, grs. x to xxx. 
Piper Nigrum, Confection, 3j to ij. 
Piperinum, gr. j to ij. 
Piscidia Erythrina, Tincture, f^j. 



Pix liquida, 3ss to j. 

Platini, Bichloridum, gr. j to ij. 

Plunibi, Acetate, gr. j to iv. 

Iodide, gr. h to j. 
Podophyllum, Powder, grs. x to xx. 
Extract, grs. v to xv. 
Podophyllin, grs. v to vj. 
Potassi, Bromide, grs. ij to x. 
Chloride, §j to ij. 
Cyanuret, grs. g to |. 
Iodide, gr. j to x. 
Iodo-hydrargyrate, gtt. ij to v. 
Silica, Solution, f^iij. 
Sulphate, 3iv to v. 
Bisulphate, 3j to ij. 

with Sulphur, 3ss to j. 
Tartrate, 3j to sj. 
Bi tartrate, 5J to s*ss. 

and Ammonia, 3J- 
Prinos, Powder, grs. xxx to 3J- 

Decoction, fgij. 
Prunus Virginiana, Powder, grs. xxx to 3ij . 
Infusion, f sij to iij. 
Syrup, f3j to f|j. 

Quassia, Infusion, f^j. 

Extract, grs. ij to v. 

Tincture, f3j to ij. 
Quercus, Powder, grs. xxx to 3J- 

Extract, grs. x to xl. 

Decoction, f sij to iij. 
Quinia, gr. j to ij. 

Amorphous, gr. j to iv. 
Acetate, gr. j to ij. 
Arseniate, gr. -i. 
Citrate, gr. j to ij. 
Ferrocyanate, gr. j to ij. 
Chloride and Mercury, gr. |. 
Kinate, gr. j to ij. 
Lactate, gr. j to ij. 
Muriate, gr. h to j. 
Sulphate, gr. j to ij. 
Sulpho-tartrate, f£ss to j. 
Valerianate, gr. £ to j . 

Rheum, Powder, grs. x to xxx. 
Roasted, grs. v to x. 
Infusion, f^j to ij. 
Extract, grs. x to xx. 

Fluid, gtt. xv to f^ss. 
Syrup, fgj to ij. 

Aromatic, foj to ij. 
Tincture, foj to ij. 

and Senna, f^ss to ij. 
Wine, f 3j to iv. 
Rubia, Powder, 3ss. 

Decoction, f^ iij. 
Rubus, Decoction, fsj to ij. 
Ruta, Powder, grs. x to xx. 



POSOLOGICAL TABLE. 



431 



Sabadilla, Powder, grs. ij to v. 

Extract, gr. |. 
Sabbatia, Infusion, f 31J to iv. 
Sabina, Powder, grs. v to x. 

Oil, gtt. ij to v. 
Salicina, grs. iv to vj. 
Salvia, Infusion, f gij to iv. 
Sanguinaria, Powder, grs. x to xx. 

Tincture, f Jj to iv. 
Sarsaparilla, Powder, 5 SS to j. 

Decoction, fgiv to vj. 
Extract, grs. x to xx. 

Fluid, fay. 
Syrup, fgsstoj. 

Compound, ffss to j. 
Sassafras, Infusion, f 5J to ij. 

Oil, gtt. ij to v. 
Scamnioniuni, Powder, grs. v to x. 

Confection, grs. xx to xxx. 
Kesin, grs. v to x. 
Scilla, Powder, grs. v to x. 
Synrp; f3j. 

Compound, gtt. x to f 3j. 
Tincture, gtt. xx to xl. 
Extract, gr. j to iij. 
Vinegar, fSss to j. 
Oxyruel, foj to ij. 
Scoparius, Infusion, f 3*ij to iv. 

Extract, Bj to 3j. 
Senega, Powder, grs. x to xx. 
Infusion, f§"j to ij. 
Decoction, fgss. 
Syrup, fgj to ij. 
Senna, Powder, Sss to ij. 
Confection, 3ij. 
Infusion, f^iv. 
Syrup, fgj to ij. 
Extract, fluid, f^ss. 
Serpentaria, Powder, grs. x to xx. 
Infusion, f^j to ij. 
Tincture, f3j to ij. 
Shnaruba, Infusion, fHij- 
Sodii Chloridum, Powder, grs. x to gss. 
Comp. 3ij to iij. 
Soda, Acetate, 9j to %'iv. 
Arseniate, gr. T ' F to g. 
Borate, grs. xx to xxx. 
Carbonate, grs. x to xx. 

Solution, f 3j to ij. 
Hydrosulphate, grs. x to 3j- 
Phosphate, 3iv to 3J. 
Sulphate, sj. 
Tartrate, s"ss to j. 
Spigelia, Powder, 3j to ij. 

Infusion, Jiv to 3"j. 

Comp. 3j to ij. 
Extract, Fluid, 3j to §ss. 
Spiraea, Decoction, fgj to ij. 



Spirasa, Extract, grs. v to 9j. 
Spongia, Burnt, 3J to ij. 
Stannum, Powder, 3*ss. 

Chloride, gr. ij. 
Sulphuret, grs. x to xx. 
Oxide, grs. vto vj. 
Stramonium, Powder, gr. ij to iij. 
Seeds, gr. j. 
Extract (seeds), gr. \ to \. 

(leaves), gr. j. 
Tincture (seeds), gtt. xx to 
xxx. 
Styrax, grs. x to xx. 
Strychnia, gr. T J F to -j\. 

Acetate, Solution, gtt. v. 
Iodate, gr. ■$■. 
Succinum, Oil, gtt. v to xv. 

Tincture, gtt. xl to lx. 
Sulphur, Prepared, Jss to ij. 
Electuary, 3j to ij. 
Sulphuris Carburetum, gtt. ij to iij. 

Tabacum, Wine, tt^x to xx. 

Tincture, Ti^x to xx. 
Tanacetum, Extract, grs. v to 9j. 
Taraxacum, Decoction, §"j to iij. 
Extract, £)j to 3J- 
Fluid, fag. 
Terebinthina, grs. ij to v. 
Tolutanum, grs. x to xxx. 

Tincture, fjj to ij. 
Syrup, f3j to f gss. 
Tormentilla, Powder, grs. xxx to 3j. 

Decoction, f§"j to ij. 
Toxicodendron, Powder, gr. ^ to j. 
Extract, gr. j. 
Tincture, gtt. v. 
Tussilago, Decoction, f 5*ij to iv. 
S y ru P; f 3J t0 f 3ss. 

Ulmus Campestris, Decoction, fgiv to vj. 
Ulmus Fulva, Decoction, fSjiv to vj. 
Uva Ursi, Powder, 9j to Jj- 

Decoction, f 3J to ij. 

Extract, grs. v to xxx. 

Valeriana, Powder, Jss to j. 

Electuary, 3j to 3ij- 
Infusion, fgij. 
Tincture, f 5J to iv. 

Amnion. f3j to ij. 
Wine, f5j to iv. 
Oil, gtt. ij to v. 
Extract, grs. ij to x. 

Fluid, f 5j toij. 
Vanilla, Powder, grs. v to x. 

Tincture, gtt. xxx to xl. 
Vcratria, grs. T '^ to £. 

Tincture, gtt. v to x. 



432 



POSOLOGICAL TABLE. 



Veratrum Album, Powder, gr. j to ij. 
Wine, n^x. 
Tincture, n^x. 
Veratrum Viride, Powder, gr. j. 

Tincture, fjss to j. 
Wine, f£ss to j. 
Extract, grs. i to | 
Viola Odorata, Syrup, f 5J to ij. 

Wintera, Powder, Jss to j. 



Zinci Oxidum, grs. ij to x. 

Chloridum, Solution, gtt. v. 
Tincture, gtt. v. 
Cyanuretum, gr. T V to £. 
Ferrocyanuretum, gr. j. 

Solution, f ^ss. 
Sulphas, gr. j to xxx. 

Solution, fgss. 
Valerianas, gr. j to ij. 
Zingiber, Powder, gr. x to 9j. 
Tincture, f*5J to ij. 



TABLE OP PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES, 



DIFFER IN THE UNITED STATES, AND THE LONDON, EDINBURGH, 
AND DUBLIN PHARMACOPOEIAS. 



United States. 


London. 


Edinburgh. 


Dublin. 


Absinthium, 


idem, 


idem, 


Artemisia absin- 
thium. 


Acacia, 


idem, 


Grummi acaciae, 


A. Arabica et A. vera. 


Acetum, 


idem, 


Acetum gallicum, 


Acetum vini. 


Acetum destillatum, 


idem, 


idem, 


Acetum distillatum. 


Aciduni arseniosuro, 


idem, 


Arsenicum album, 


Arsenici oxydum al- 
bum. 
Acidum Prussicum. 


Acidum hydrocyani- 


A. hydrocyanicum 


A. hydrocyanicum, 


cum, 


dilutum, 






Acidum muriaticum, 


A. hydrochloricum, 


A. muriatum et m. 
purum, 


A. muriaticum. 


Acidum dilutum, 


A. hydrochloricum 


A. muriaticum dilut- 


idem. 




dilutum, 


um, 




Aconitum, 


Aconiti folia et ra- 


Aconitum, 


Aconitum paniculat- 




dix, 




um. Folia. 


Adeps, 


idem, 


Axungia, 


Adeps suillus praepa- 
ratus. 


Alcohol, 


Spiritus rectificatus, 


idem, 


idem. 


Alcohol dilutum, 


Spiritus tenuior, 


idem, 


idem. 


Allium, 


idem, 


idem, 


Allium sativum. 


Aloe, 


idem, 


A. Barbadcnsis, A. 


A. hepatica, A. so- 






Indica, A. socoto- 


cotorina. 






rina, 




Althaea, 


Althoesc radix et fo- 
lia, 

idem, 


idem, 


Altliasa officinalis. 


Alumcn exsiccatum, 


idem, 


Aluinen siccatum. 


Ammoniae murias, 


Ammonite hydro- 
chloras, 


Ammoniac murias, 


idem. 


Ammoniac carbouas, 


Ammoniac sesquicar- 
bonas, 


Ammoniac carbonas, 


idem. 


Ammoniacum, 


idem, 


idem, 


Ammoniacum gum 



Amygdala amara, idem, 

Amygdala dulcis, idem, 

Angustura, Cusparia, 

Anthemis, idem, 
28 



idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem, 



mi. 
Amygdala; amarae. 
Amygdala) dulces. 
Angustura, 
Chaniaemelum. 



434 



TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 



United States. 


London. 


Edinburgh. 


Dublin. 


Antimoniiet potassce 


Antimonii potassio- 


Antimonium tartari- 


Antimonii et potassae 


tartras, 


tartras, 


zatum, 


tartras sive tarta- 
rum emeticum. 


Antimonii sulphuret- 


Antimonii oxysul- 


Antimonii sulph. 


Sulph. antimoniatum 


um prascipitatum, 


phuretum, 


aureum, 


fuscum. 


Antimonii sulphuret- 


Antimonii sesqui- 


Antimonii sulphu- 


idem. 


um, 


sulphuretum, 


retum, 




Aqua destillata, 


idem, 


idem, 


Aqua distillata. 


Aqua camphorae, 


Mistura caniphoras, 


idem, 


idem. 




Aqua menthse pule- 


Aqua pulegii, 


idem. 


Argenti cyanuretuin, 


g n > 
Argenti cyanidum, 






Argenti nitras, 


idem, 


idem, 


Argenti nitras fusum. 


Arnica, 






Arnica montana. 




Asarum, 




Asarum Europaeum. 


Barii chloridum, 


idem, 


Barytas niurias, 


idem. 


Belladonna, 


idem, 


idem, 


Atropa belladonna. 


Benzoinuni, 


idem, 


idem, 


Styrax benzoin. Ke- 


Bismuthi subnitras, 


Bismuthi trisnitras, 


Bismuthum album, 


sma. 
Bismuthi subnitras. 


Calamus, 


Acorus, 


Calamus aromaticus, 




Calcii chloridum, 


idem, 


Calcis niurias, 


idem. 


Canella, 


idem, 


idem, 


Canella alba. Cortex. 


Cantharis, 


idem, 


idem, 


Cantharis vesicatoria. 


Capsicum, 


idem, 


idem, 


Capsicum annuum. 


Cardamomum, 


idem, 


idem, 


Amomum cardamo- 


Carota, 


Dauci fructus, 




mum. 
Baucus carota var. 
sylvestris. 


Carum, 


Carui, 


idem, 


Carum carui. 


Cassia fistula, 


Cassia, 


Cassia? pulpa, 


Cassia fistula. 


Cassiae fistulse pulpa, 


Cassia, 


Cassire pulpa, 


Cassia fistula, 




Cataplasma fermenti. 




Cataplasma fermenti 
cerevisiaa. 


Ceratum cantharidis, 


Emplastrum can- 
tharidis, 


idem, 


idem. 


Ceratum cetacei, 


idem, 


Ceratum simplex, 


Unguentum cetacei. 


Ceratum plumbi sub- 


Ceratum plumbi 






acetatis, 


compositum, 






Ceratum resinaa, 


idem, 


Unguentum resino- 


Ung. resinae albae. 


Ceratum sabinae, 


idem, 


sum, 

idem, 


Unguentum sabinaa. 


Ceratum simplex, 


Ceratum, 






Ceratum zinci carbo- 


Ceratum calaminoa, 


idem, 


Unguentum calami- 


natis, 






nae. 


Cetraria, 


idem, 


idem, 


Lichen Islandicus. 


Cbimapbila, 


idem, 


Pyrola, 


Pyrola umbellata 


Cinchona flaya, 


Cinchona cordifolia, 


Cinchona flava, 


Cinchona cordifolia. 


Cinchona pallida, 


Cinchona lancifolia, 


Cinchona cinerea, ) 
Cinchona coronae, ( 


Cinchona lancifolia. 


Cinchona rubra, 


Cinchona oblongifolia,Cinchona rubra, 


Cinchona oblongifolia. 


Cinnamomum, 


idem, 


idem et Cassias cor- 


idem et Cassia. 


Coccus, 


Cocci, 


tex, 

idem, 


Coccus cacti. 


Colchici radix, 


Colchici cormus, 


idem, 


Colchicum autum- 
nale. Bulbus. 



TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 



435 



United States. 
Colchici semen, 

Colocyntbis, 
Colomba, 



London. 
Colchici seraina, 



Edinburgh. 
idem, 



Dublin. 

Colchicum auturu- 
nale. Semina. 
idem, idem, Cucumis colocyntbis. 

Calumba, idem, Colomba. 

Confectio amygdalae, Conserva amygdala- Confectio amygdala- 
rum, rum. 
Confectio aromatica, idem, Electuarium aroma- Confectio aromatica. 

ticum, 
Confectio aurantii Confectio aurantii, Conserva aurantii, 
corticis, 

Confectio cassise, Electuarium cassias. 



Confectio opii, 


idem, 




Electuarium opii, 


Confectio opii. 




Confectio piperis ni- 


Electuarium piperis, 


Confectio piperis ni- 
gri. 

idem. 


Confectio rosae, 


Confectio rosae 


gal- 


Conserva rosae, 




licae, 










Confectio rosse 


ca- 


Conserva rosae fruc- 






ninae, 




tus, 






Confectio rutae, 






Conserva rutae. 




Confectio scammonii, 




Electuarium scammo- 


Confectio sennse, 


idem, 




Electuarium sennae, 


nii. 

idem. 


Conii folia, 


idem, 




Conium, 


Conium maculatum. 


Conii semen, 


Conii fructus, 








Contrayerva, 


Contrajerva, 








Copaiba, 


idem, 




idem, 


Copaifera officinalis. 


Coriandrum, 


idem, 




idem, 


Coriandrum sativum. 




Cornu, 




idem, 


Cornua cervina. 


Creasotum, 


Creasoton, 




Creasotum, 




Creta, 


idem, 




idem, 


Calcis carbonas. Creta: 
alba. 


Crocus, 


idem, 




idem, 


Crocus sativus. 


Cubeba, 


Piper cubeba, 




Cubebae, 


Cubeba. 


Cuprum ammoniat- 


Cupri ammonio 


sul- 


Cuprum ammoniat- 


idem. 


um, 


phas, 




um, 




Cupri subacctas, 


iErugo, 




idem, 


Cupri subacetas. 


Curcuma, 


idem, 
Cyminum, 




idem, 
Cuminum, 


Curcuma longa. 




Decoctum aloes i 


30m- 


Decoctum aloes, 


Decoctum aloes com- 




positum, 






positum. 


Decoctum cetrariae, 


idem, 






Decoctum licbenis is- 
landici. 


Decoctum chimaphi- 


idem, 






Decoctum pyrolae. 



lae, 

Decoctum cincbonac, Decoctum cincbonae Decoctum cinchonae, 
cordifoliae, 
Decoctum C. lanci- 

foliae, 
Decoctum C. oblon- 

gifoliac, 
Decoctum hordci Mistura bordci, 
compositum, 
Decoctum quercus Decoctum quercus, idem, 

albac, 

Decoctum sarzte, idem, 



idem. 



Decoctum bordei com- 
positum. 
idem. 

Decoctum sarsaparil- 
lge. 



436 TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 

United States. London. Edinburgh. Dublin. 

Decoctum sarsapa- Decoctum sarzae idem, Decoctum. sarsaparil- 

rillae compositum, compositum, lse compositum. 

Decoctum scoparii Decoctum scoparii, 

compositum, 
Digitalis folia, D. se- Digitalis, Digitalis purpura, 

mina, 

idem, Bucku, Diosma crenata. 



Digitalis, 

Diosma, 

Elaterium 



Emplastrum ferri, 

Emplastrum galba- Emplastrum galba 

ni compositum, ni, 

Emplastrum picis 

cum cantharide, 
Emplastrum plumbi, idem, 



Extractum elaterii, Elaterium, Extractum elaterii. 

Emplastrum ammo- Emplastrum ammo- Emplastrum ammoni- 
niaci cum hydrar- niaci et hydrar- aci cum hydrar- 
gyro, gyri, gyro. 

Emplastrum cerae, Emplastrum sim- 
plex, 
Emplastrum ferri, Emplastrum thuris. 



Emplastrum calefa- 
ciens. 
Emplastrum lithar- idem. 

Emplastrum resino- Emplastrum lithar- 
sum, gyri cum resinae. 

idem, Euphorbia canarien- 

sis. 
idem, Succus spissatus aco- 

niti. 
Extractum aloes he- 
paticae. 
Extractum anthemi- Extractum chamae- 
dis, meli. 

idem, Succus spissatus bel- 

nse, ladonnae. 

Extractum ciucbo- Extractum cinebo- Extractum cincbo- idem. 



Emplastrum resinae, idem, 

Eupborbium, 

Extractum aconiti, idem, 



Extractum aloes pu- 
rificatum, 



Extractum belladon- 



idem, 



Extractum conii, 

Extractum baama- 

toxyli, 
Extractum byoscy- 

ami, 



n»3 cordifoliae, 
Extractum C. lanci- 

foliae, 
Extractum C. oblon- 

gifolias, 
Extractum colocyn- 

tbidis, 

idem, 

idem, 

idem, 

Extractum lupuli, 



idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem, 



Extractum opii pu- Extractum opii,' 
rificatum, 
Extractum sarsapa- Extractum sarzae, 
rillae, 



Extractum colocyn- 
tbiclis simplex. 

Succus spissatus co- 
nii. 

Extractum baematox- 
yli campechiani. 

Succus spissatus by- 
oscyami. 

Extractum bumuli lu- 
puli. 

Extractum opii aquo- 
sum. 

Extractum sarsaparil- 
1*. 



Extractum sarzas Extractum sarsaparil- 
fluidum, lse fluidum. 



Ferri filum, 



Ferri filum, 



Ferrum fila. 



TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 



43T 



United States. London. Edinburgh. Dublin. 

Ferri ramenta, Ferrum. Ramenta, Ferri limatura, Ferrum. Scobs. 

Ferri et potassse tar- Ferri potassio-tar- Ferrum tartarizat- Ferri tartar um. 

tras, tras, um, 

Ferri ferrocyanuret- Ferri percyanidum, Ferri cyanuretum. 

um, 
Ferri oxidum hy- Ferrugo, 

dratum, 

Ferri oxidum ni- Ferri oxydum 
grum, grum. 

Ferri subcarbonas, Ferri sesquioxydum, Ferri oxidum ru- Ferri carbonas. 

brum, 
Ferrum ammoniat- Ferri ammonio-chlo- 



um, 

Ficus, 
Filix mas, 

Galla, 
Gambogia, 
Gentiana, 
Glycyrrhiza, 



ridum, 
Fici, 
Aspidium, 



Filix, 



idem, 



Gallae, 



idem, 
idem, 



Granati fructus cor- G-ranatum, 
tex, 

Granati radicis cor- 
tex, 

Guaiaci lignum, 

Guaiaci resina, 

Haematoxylon, 



idem, 
idem, 

Haematoxylum. 



idem, 
Cambogia, 

idem, 
Glycyrrhizse radix, 



Granati radix, 

idem, 
Guaiacum, 

Haematoxylon, 



Ficus carica. 
Filix mas. 

Gallse. 
Gambogia. 
Gentiana lutea. 
Glycyrrhiza glabra. 
Punica granatum. 

Punica granatum. 

Guaiacum officinale. 
Guaiacum officinale. 



Hasmatoxyluin cam- 
pecbianum. 

Helleborus niger. 

Hordeum distichon. 

Humulus lupulus. 

Hydrargyri murias 
corrosivum. 

Calomelas sublimat- 
um. 

Hydrai*gyri cyanure- 
tum. 



Helleborus, idem, idem, 

Hordeum, idem, idem, 

Humulus, Lupulus, idem, 

Hydrargyri chlori- Hydrargyri bicblori- Sublimatus c 

dum corrosivum, dum, sivus, 

Hydrargyri cblori- Hydrargyri chlori- Calomelas, 

dum mite, dum, 

Hydrargyri cyanu- Hydrargyri bicyan- 

retum, idum, 

Hydrargyri iodidum Hydrargyri biniodi- idem, 

rubrum, dum, 

Hydrargyri oxidum Hydrargyri oxy- Hydrargyri oxydum 

nigrum, dum, nigrum. 

Hydrargyri oxidum Hydrargyri nitrico- Hydrargyri oxidum Hydrargyri oxydum 

rubrum, oxydum, rubrum, nitricum. 

Hydrargyri sulphas Hydrargyri oxydum 

flavus, sulpburicum. 

Hydrargyri sulphu- Hydrargyri sulphu- Hydrargyri sulphu- 

retum nigrum, return cum sul- return nigrum, 

phure, 
Hydrargyri sulphu- Hydrargyri bisul- Cinnabaris, Hydrargyri sulphu- 

retum rubrum, phuretuni, return rubrum. 

Hydrargyrum am- Hydrargyri ammo- Hydrargyri precipi- Hydrargyri subinu- 

moniatum, nio-chloridum, tatum album, rias ammoniatum. 

Hyoscyami folia, idem, Hyoscyamus, Hyoscyamus niger. 

Hyoscyami semen, Hyoscyami scmina, 



Infusum aDgusturae, Infusum cuspariEe, 



idem, 



Infusum angusturse. 



438 



TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 



United States. 


London. 


Edinburgh. 


Dublin. 


Infusum anthemidis, 


idem, 


idem, 


Infusum chamasmeli. 


Infusum arnioracias, 


Infusum arnioracias 




Infusum arnioracias 




compositum, 




compositum. 




Infusum aurantii 


Infusum aurantii, 


Infusum aurantii com- 




compositum, 




positum. 


Infusmn caryophyl- 


idem, 


idem, 


Infusum caryophyllo- 


li, 






rum. 


Infusum catechu 


idem, 


Infusum catechu, 


Infusum catechu com- 


compositum, 






positum. 


Infusum colombas, 


Infusum calumbas, 


idem, 


Infusum colombas. 


Infusum diosmas, 


idem, 


Infusum bucku, 


Infusum buchu. 


Infusum gentianas 


idem, 


Infusum gentianas, 


Infusum gentianae 


compositum, 






compositum. 


Infusum humuli, 


Infusum lupuli, 






Infusum lini, 


Infusum lini com- 


Infusum lini, 


Infusum lini composi- 




positum, 




tum. 


Infusum rosas com- 


idem, 


Infusum rosas, 


Infusum rosas acid- 


positum, 






urn. 


Infusum sarsaparil- 






Infusum sarsaparillas 


Ise, 






compositum. 


Infusum sennas, 


Infusum sennas com- 


Infusum sennas, 


Infusum sennae com- 




positum, 




positum. 






Infusum sennas com 


■ Infusum sennae cum 






positum, 


tamarindis. 


Infusum tabaci, 


Enema tabaci, 


idem, 


Infusum tabaci. 


Inula, 


idem, 




Inula helenium. 


Iodinum, 


Iodinium, 


Iodineum, 


Iodinium. 


Ipecacuanha, 


idem, 


idem, 


Cephaelis ipecacuan- 
ha. 


Juniperus, 


Juniperi cacumina, 


idem, 


Juniperus communis. 
Cacumina. 




Juniperi fructus, 


idem, 


Juniperus communis. 
Baccae. 


Krameria, 


idem, 


idem, 


Rhatania. 




Lacmus, 


idem, 


Litmus. 




Lactuca, 




Lactuca sativa. 




Lauri baccas, Lauri 
folia, 




Laurus nobilis. 




Lauro cerasus, 


Primus lauro-cerasus. 


Lavandula, 


idem, 


idem, 


Lavandula spica. 


Limon, 


Limones, 


idem, 


idem. 


Limonis cortex, 


Limonum cortex, 


idem, 


Citrus medica. 


Linimentum cam- 


idem, 


idem, 


Oleum camphoratum. 



phoras, 



Linimentum terebin- 

thinas, 
Linum, 
Licmor ammoniae, 



Linimentum opii, idem, Linimentum saponis 

cum opio vel lini- 
mentum anodyn- 
um. 
idem, Linimentum terebin- Linimentum terebin- 

thinatum, thinas. 

Lini semina, Lini farina, Linum usitatissimum. 

idem, Ammonias acma, Ammonias causticas 

acma. 



TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 



439 



London. 
idem, 



Edinburgh. 
Ammonias acetatis 



Dublin. 
idem. 



idem. 



United States. 
Liquor ammonias 

acetatis, aqua, 

Liquor ammonias for- Ammonias liquor Ammonias aqua for- 
tior, fortior, tior, 

Liquor ammonias Ammonias carbonat- 
sesquicarbonatis, is aqua, 
Liquor barii cbloridi, idem, Solutio barytas mu- Barytas muriatis aqua. 

riatis, 
Liquor calcii chlo- idem, Calcis muriatis solu- Calcis muriatis aqua. 

ridi, tio, 

Liquor calcis, idem, Aqua calcis, idem. 

Liquor cupri ammo- Cupri ammoniati so- Cupri ammoniati 
nio-sulphatis, lutio, aqua. 

Liquor ferri iodidi, Ferri iodidi syrupus, 

Liquor iodini com- Liquor potassii io- Iodinei liquor com- 

positus, didi compositus, positus, 

Liquor plunibi sub- Liquor plumbi dia- Plumbi diacetatis 

acetatis, cetatis, lutio, 

Liquor plumbi sub- Liquor plumbi diace- 
acetatis dilutus, tatis dilutus, 



Plumbi 

liquor. 
Plumbi 



subacetatis 



Liquor potassas, 

Liquor potassas ar- 

senitis, 
Liquor potassas car- 

bonatis, 



Liquor sodas chlori- 
nates, 



idem, 
idem, 
idem, 



Potassas aqua, 
Liquor arsenicalis, 



subacetatis 
liquor compositus. 
Potassas causticas 
aqua. 

idem. 



Liquor potassas effer- Potassas aqua effer- 

. vescens, vescens, 

Liquor sodas effer- Sodas aqua efferves- 



Potassas carbonatis 
aqua. 



vescens, 
idem, 



cens, 



Manganesii binoxy- Manganesii oxidum, Manganesii oxydum. 
dum, 



Marmor, 


idem, 


idem, 


Calcis carbonas, Mar- 
mor album. 


Marrubium, 


idem, 




Marrubium vulgare. 


Melissa, 




Melissa, 


Melissa officinalis. 




Mentha pulegium, 


Pulegium, 


Mentha pulegium. 




Menyanthes, 


idem, 


Menyanthes trifoliata. 


Mezereum, 


idem, 


Mezereon, 


idem. 






Mistura acacias, 


Emulsio Arabica. 


Mistura amygdalas, 


idem, 


Mistura amygdala- 


idem. 


Mistura assafoetidas, 


idem, 


1 


Mistura assasfoetidas. 




Mora, 




Morus nigra. 


Morphias murias, 


Morphias hydrochlo 


■ Morphias murias, 




Mucilago acacias, 


Mistura acacias, 


Mucilago, 


Mucilago gummi Ara- 
bici. 

idem. 




Dccoctum amyli, 


Mucilago amyli, 


Mucilago tragacan- 




idem, 


Mucilago gummi tra- 


thas, 






gacanthas. 


Mucuna, 


Mucuna pruriens, 


idem, 


Dolichos pruriens. 


Myristica, 


idem, 


idem, 


Nux moschata. 



440 



TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 



United States. 


London. 


Edinburgh. 


Dublin. 


Myroxylon, 


Balsamum Peruvi- 


idem, 


Myroxylum Peruvi- 




anum, 




anum. 


Oleum amygdalae, 
Oleum bergamii. 


Aniygdalas oleum, 
Bergamii oleum, 


Bergainottas oleum, 


Oleum amygdalarum. 


Oleum cajuputi, 


Cajuputi, 


Cajuputi oleum, 


Melaleuca leucaden- 
dron. 


Oleum caryophylli, 


Caryophylli oleum. 


idem, 


Eugenia caryophyl- 
lata. 
, Laurus cinnamomum. 


Oleum cinnamomi. 


Cinnamomi oleum, 


idem et Cassias oleum 


Oleum limonis. 


Limonum oleum, 


idem, 


Citrus medica. 


Oleum lini, 


Lini oleum, 


idem, 


Oleum lini. 


Oleum rnyristicas, 
Oleum olivas. 


Myristicas oleum, 
Olivas oleum, 


idem, 
idem, 


Myristica moschata. 
Olea Europasum. 


Oleum rieini, 


Rieini oleum, 


idem, 


Ricinus communis. 


Oleum rosas, 




Rosas oleum, 




Oleum terebinthinas, 


Terebintliinae oleum, 


idem, 


Oleum terebinthinas. 


Oleum tiglii, 


Tiglii oleum, 


Crotonis oleum, 


Croton tiglium. 


Oleum cari, 


Oleum carui, 


idem, 


idem. 


Oleum foeniculi, 




idem, 


Oleum foeniculi dul- 


Oleum ruenthas pi- 


idem, 


idem, 


cis. 
Oleum ruenthas pi- 


peritas, 


Oleum menthae pu- 
legii, 

idem, 


Oleum pulegii, 


peritidis. 
idem. 


Oleum rosmarini, 


idem, 


Oleum rorismarini. 


Oleum succini recti- 


Oleum succini, 




Oleum succini rectifi- 


ficatum, 






catum. 




Oleum terebintliinae 


idem, 


Oleum terebinthinae 


Origanum, 
Os, 


purificatum, 
idem, 


idem, 


rectificatum. 
Origanum vulgare. 
Ossa. 


Papaver, 


idem, 
Petroleum, 


idem, 
idem, 


Papaver somniferum. 
idem et Bitumen pe- 
troleum. 


Pilulas aloes et 


Pilulae aloes cum 


Pilulas aloes et 


Pilulae aloes cum 


myrrhas, 


nryrrha, 


myrrhse, 


myrrha. 



Pilulas galbani com- 
positas, 



Pilulas opii, 

Pilulas saponis com- 

positas, 
Pilulas scillas com- 



Pilulas hydrargyri Pilulas calomelanos idem, 

chloridi composi- compositas, 
tas, 

Pilulas colocynthidis, Pilulas colocynthidis 
compositas. 
idem, Pilulas assafoetidas, Pilulas galbani com- 

positae. 
Pilulas cambogias Pilulas cambogias, Pilulas gambogias 
compositas, compositas. 

Pilulas opii sive the- 
baicas, 
idem, 



idem, 



Pilulas scillas, 



Piper, 
Pix abietis, 



Pilulas styracis com- Pilulas styracis, 

positas, 
Piper nigrum, idem, 

Pix abietina, Pix Burgundica, 



Pilulas saponis cum 
opio. 

Pilulas scillas compo- 
sitas. 

Pilulas e styrace. 

idem, 
idem. 



TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 



441 



United States. 


London. 


Edinburgh. 


Dublin. 




Pix nigra, 


Pix arida, 




Plumbi carbonas, 


idem, 


idem, 


idem et Cerussa. 


Plumbi oxidum Plumbi oxydum, 


Litbargyrum, 


Plumbi oxydum semi- 


semivitreuin, 






vitreum sive litbar- 
gyrum. 


Potassse carbonas Potassae carbonas 




Lixivus cinis. 


impurus, 


impura, 






Potassae carbonas, 


idem, 


idem, 


Potassae carbonas e 
lixivo cinere. 


Potassse carbonas 




Potassae carbonas Potassae carbonas e 


purus, 




purum, 


tartari crystallis. 


Potassii ferrocyanu- 


Potassii ferrocyani- 


idem, 




retuin, 


dum, 






Potassa, 


Potassae bydras, 


Potassa, 


Potassa caustica. 




Potassa cum calce, 


idem, 


Potassa caustica cum 
calce. 


Potassii iodidum, 


idem, 


idem, 


Potassae bydriodas. 


Potassii sulpburet- 


idem, 


idem, 


Potassae sulpburetum. 


Prunum, 


Pruna, 




Prunus domestica. 


Pulvis aloes et canel- 






Pulvis aloes cum ca- 


lse, 






nella. 


Pulvis arornaticus, 


Pulvis cinnamomi 
compositus, 


Pulvis arornaticus, 


idem. 




Pulvis cretae compos. 


Pulvis cretae opiatus 


Pulvis cretae compos. 




cum opio, 




cum opio. 


Pulvis ipecacuanbae Pulvis ipecacuanbae 


idem, 


idem. 


et opii, 


compositus, 






Pulvis stanni, 




Stanni pulvis, 


idem. 


Quassia, 


idem, 


idem, 


Quassia excelsa. 


Quercus alba et Q. 


Quercus, 


Quercus cortex, 


Quercus robur. 


tinctoria, 








Quiniae sulpbas, 


Quinse disulpbas, 


Quinae sulpbas, 


Quininae sulpbas. 


Resina, 


idem, 


idem, 


Pinus sylvestris, Re- 




Rbamnus, 


Rbamni baccae, 


sma. 
Rbamnus catbarticus, 
Baccae. 


Rbeum, 


idem, 


idem, 


Rbeum palmatum et 
R. undulatum. Ra- 
dix. 




Rboeas, 


idem, 


Papaver rboeas. Peta- 

la. 
Rosa canina. Pructus. 




Rosa canina, 


Rosae fructus, 


Rosmarinus, 


idem, 


idem, 


Rosmarinus officinalis. 
Cacumina. 


Rubia, 






Rubia tinctorum. 




Rumex, 




Rumex acetosa. 


Ruta, 


idem, 


idem, 


Ruta graveolens. 


Sabina, 


idem, 


idem, 


Juniperus sabina. 


Saccbarum, 


idem, 


Saccbarum purum, 


Saccbarum officina- 



rum purificatum. 
Saccbarum com- Saccbarum non-puri- 
mune, ficatum. 



442 


TABLE OF PH^ 

London. 


RM 


ACEUTICAL NAMES. 


United States. 


Edinburgh. 


Dublin. 




Sacebari fasx, 




idem, 


Syrupus empyreuma- 
ticus, 


Salix, 






Salicis cortex, 


Salix alba, S. fragilis, 
S. caprea. 


Sambucus, 


idem, 




idem, 


Sambucus nigra. 


Santaluin, 


Pterocarpus, 




idem, 


Santalum rubrum. 
Pterocarpus santa- 
linus. 


Sapo, 


idem, 




Sapo durus, 


idem. 




Sapo mollis, 




idem, 


idem. 


Sarsaparilla, 


Sarza, 




idem, 


Sarsaparilla. 


Sassafras radicis cor- 


■ Sassafras, 




idem, 


idem, Laurus sassa- 


tex, 








fras. 


Scilla, 


idem, 




idem, 


Scilla maritima. 


Scoparius, 


idem, 




Scoparium, 


Spartium scoparium. 


Senega, 


idem, 




idem, 


Polygala senega. 


Senna, 


idem, 




Senna Alexandrina Senna. 








et Senna Indica, 




Serpentaria, 


idem, 




idem, 


Aristolocbia serpen- 
taria. 


Sevurn, 


idem, 




idem, 


Adeps ovillus praspa- 
ratus. 


Siniaruba, 


idem, 




idem, 


Quassia simaruba. 


Sinapis, 


idem, 




Sinapi, 


Sinapis alba, S. ni- 
gra. 


Sodas boras, 


Borax, 




idem, 


Sodas boras, Borax. 




Sodas earbonas 


im- 




Sodas earbonas venale. 




pura, 






Barilla. 


Sodas earbonas ex- 


■ Sodas earbonas 


ex- 


Sodas earbonas sic- 


idem. 


siccatus, 


siccata, 




catum, 




Sodii chloriduin, 


idem, 




Sodas murias, 


idem. 


Sodas bicarbonas, 


Sodas sesquica 


rbo- 


Sodas bicarbonas, 


idem. 



nas, , 

Sodas et potassas tar- Sodas potassio tar- Potassas et sodas tar- Sodas et potassas tar- 

tras, tras, tras, tras. 

Spigelia, idem, idem, Spigelia marilandica. 

Spiritus lavandulas Tinctura lavandulas Spiritus lavandulas idem. 



compositus, 
Spiritus myristicas, 


compositas, 
Spiritus menthas pi- 
peritas, 
idem, 


compositus, 
Spiritus menthas, 

idem, 


Spiritus menthas pi- 

peritas. 
Spiritus nucis mos- 


Spiritus rosmarini, 
Spongia, 
Spongia usta, 


idem, 
Staphisagria, 


idem, 
idem, 

idem, 


KjlXebljGG* 

Spiritus rorismarini. 
Spongia officinalis. 
Pulvis spongias ustas. 
Delphinium staphisa- 


Stramonii folia, 


idem, 


Stramonium, 


gria. 
idem, Datura stramo- 


Stramonii semen, 

Styrax, 

Styrax purificata, 

Sulphur, 

Sulphur lotum, 


Stramonii semina, 

idem, 
Styrax colatus, 

idem, 


idem, 
Extractum styracis, 

idem, 
Sulphur sublimat- 


nium. 

idem. 
Styrax officinale. 

Sulphur sublimatum. 
Sulphur lotum. 


Syrupus, 


idem, 


Syrupus simplex, 


idem. 



TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES 
— « — 
United States. London. Edinburgh. 

Syrupus aurantii Syrupus aurantii, idem, 

corticis, 
Syrupus limonis. 



443 



Dublin. 
idem. 



Syrupus tolutani, 



Syrupus limonum, 
Syrupus papaveris, 

Syrupus rboeados, 

Syrupus rosse, 

Syrupus sarzae, 
Syrupus tolutanus, 



idem, 
idem, 



Syrupus limonis. 

Syrupus papaveris 
somniferi. 

Syrupus 
rboeadis. 
Syrupus rosse centi- Syrupus rosee. 
folias, 

Syrupus sarsaparillae. 

Syrupus balsami tolu- 
tani. 



idem, 



idem, 
idem, 



Tabacum, 
Tamarindi pulpa, 
Tamarindus, 
Tanacetum, 
Taraxacum, 



idem, 

Tamarindus, 

idem, 

idem, 

idem, 



Terebintbina Cana 

densis, 
Testa, Testae, 

Tinctura aloes et Tinctura a 

myrrbae, posita, 



idem, 
idem, 
idem, 

idem, 

Balsamum 



Cana- 



Nicotiana tabacum. 
Tamarindus Indica. 
Tamarindus Indica. 
Tanacetum vulgare. 
Leontodon taraxa- 
cum. 

idem. 



com- Tinctura aloes et Tinctura aloes com- 



Tinctura assafoeti- 



idem, 



myrrha, 
idem, 



posita. 
Tinctura assaefoetidae. 



Tinctura benzoini 
composita, 

Tinctura camphorae, 

Tinctura castorei, 



idem, 

idem, 
idem, 



Tinctura colchici se- Tinctura colchici, 

minis, 
Tinctura cubebae, idem, 



idem, 

Tinctura bucku, 
idem, 

idem, 

idem, 



Tinctura benzois com- 
posita. 

Tinctura buchu. 

idem et Spiritus cam- 
pboratus. 

Tinctura castorei ros- 
sici. 

Tinctura seminum 
colcliici. 

Tinctura piperis cu- 



Tinctura gallae, idem, Tinctura gallarum, 

Tinctura guaiaci am- Tinctura guaiaci Tinctura guaiaci am- 
moniata, composita, moniata, 



Tinctura bellebori, 



idem, 
Tinctura lupuli, 



idem, 
idem. 

Tinctura bellebori ni- 



gri. 
Tinctura bumuli. 
Iodinii tinctura. 



Tinctura bumuli, 

Tinctura iodini, Tinctura iodinei, 

Tinctura iodini com- Tinctura iodinii com- 
positor, posita, 

Tinctura lupulina9, Tinctura lupuli, 

Tinctura opii cam- Tinctura campboros Tinctura opii cam- idem, 

pborata, composita, pborata, 

Tinctura saponis Linimcntum sapo- idem, idem, 
camphorata, nis, 

Tinctura sennae et Tinctura sennae com- 

jalapae, posita, 

Tinctura tolutani, Tinctura tolutani, Tinctura balsami to- 
lutani. 

Tinctura Valerianae Tinctura Valerianae Tinctura Valeriana; idem, 

ammoniata, composita, ammoniata, 



444 

United States. 
Tolutanum, 

Torinentilla, 



TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 



London. 
Balsamum tolutan- 
um, 

idem, 



Edinburgh. 
idem, 

idem, 



Dublin. 
Toluifera balsamum. 



Tormentilla officina- 
lis. 
Rhus toxicodendron. 
Tragacantha gummi. 



Toxicodendron, idem, idem, 

Tragacantha, idem, idem, 

Trochisci glycyrrhi- Trochisci opii, 

zse et opii, 

Tussilago, Tussilago farfara. 

Unguentum antimo- Unguentum antimo- Unguentum antimo- Unguentum tartari 
nii, nii potassio tar- niale, emetici. 

tratis, 
Unguentum cantha- idem, Unguentum infusi Unguentum cantha- 

ridis, cantharidis, ridis. 

Ceratum cantharidis, Unguentum cantha- 
ridis, 
Unguentum cupri Unguentum serugi- Unguentum cupri 

subacetatis, nis, subacetatis. 

Unguentum gallse, Unguentum galla- 

rum. 
Unguentum gallse Unguentum gallse et 
compositum, opii, 

Unguentum hydrar- Unguentum hydrar- Unguentum hydrar- idem. 

gyri, gyri fortius, gyri, 

Unguentum hydrar- Unguentum hydrar- Unguentum prsecipi- Unguentum hydrar- 
gyri ammoniati, gyri animonio tati albi, gyri submuriatis 

chloridi, ammoniati. 

Unguentum hydrar- idem, Unguentum citri- Unguentum hydrar- 

gyri ni tratis, num, gyri ni tratis vel Un- 

guentum citrinum. 
Unguentum hydrar- Unguentum hydrar- Unguentum oxidi Unguentum hydrar- 

gyri oxidi rubri, gyri nitrico-oxydi, hydrargyri, gyri oxydi nitrici. 

Unguentum iodini, Unguentum iodinii. 

Unguentum iodini Unguentum iodinii Unguentum iodinei, 
compositum, compositum, 

Ceratum pluinbi ace- Unguentum plumbi idem, 

tatis, acetatis, 

Unguentum simplex, idem, Unguentum cerse al- 

bse. 
Unguentum cerse fla- 



Unguentum veratri Unguentum veratri, 

albi, 
Unguentum zinci Unguentum zinci, 

oxidi, 



Uva passa, 



Uva, 



idem, 
Uvse passae, 



idem. 

Unguentum zinci ox- 
ydi. 
Vitis vinifera, Fruc- 

tus siccatus. 



Valeriana, idem, idem, Valeriana officinalis. 

Veratrum album, Veratrum, idem, Veratrum album. 

Vinum, Vinum xericum, Vinum album, Vinum album His- 

panum. 

Vinum antimonii, Vinum antimonii po- Vinum antimoniale, Liquor tartari emet- 

tassio-tartratis, ici. 
Vinum colchici ra- Vinum colchici, idem, 
dicis, 



TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES 

United States. London. Edinburgh. 

Vinum veratri albi ; Vinum veratri, 

Viola, 
Wintera, 

Zinci carbonas, Calamina, 

idem, 



445 



Zinci carbonas prae- Calamina prseparata, 

paratus, 
Zinci oxidum, Zinci oxydum, Zinci oxidum, 



Dublin. 



Viola odorata. 
Wintera aromatica. 



Zinci carbonas impu- 
rum, calamina. 

Zinci carbonas impu- 
rum pr separatum. 

Zinci oxydum. 



OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 



INTERNAL REMEDIES. 

Powders. — These are of two kinds : simple and compound. The first are prepared 
by pulverization; and the second by the mixture of two or more simple powders, except 
where one of the ingredients is employed to facilitate the more minute division of the 
others, as in the case of the powder of ipecacuanha and opium. Many of the most 
important articles used in this form are powdered by persons who make it a special 
business, by grinding and stamping. When this operation is performed by the apo- 
thecary, or medical practitioner, it is most frequently accomplished by means of the 
pestle and mortar, and the sieve : but, in some cases, a stone slab and muller are required ; 
whilst in others the article is merely rubbed through a sieve. Whenever a substance 
cannot be dried completely, without an alteration of its properties, recourse must be 
had to an intermedium, by which the moisture may be absorbed, or its state of 
aggregation modified. Thus, sugar is the best intermedium in pulverizing vanilla or 
nutmeg. When camphor is to be pulverized, the addition of a small quantity of 
alcohol will much facilitate the operation. In other cases, the intermedium should be 
of so hard a consistence as to assist in breaking down the substance to be pulverized; 
thus, gold-leaf is best reduced to powder by rubbing it with sulphate of potassa, and 
afterwards removing this latter by means of water. 

The rules to be observed in the preparation of powders are : — 

1. Operate, if possible, on perfectly dry articles, and in dry weather. 

2. Adapt the nature of the mortar, and the mode of operating, to the nature of 
the substance: thus, woods and barks are to be pulverized in an iron mortar; sugar, 
alum, and nitre, in one of marble; corrosive sublimate in one of glass. 

3. The mortar should be provided with a cover to prevent particles from being 
forced out by the action of the pestle, and also to arrest the escape of the finer par- 
ticles, which would otherwise be diffused through the atmosphere, causing a loss of 
the product, and an annoyance to the operator. 

4. Separate, from time to time, by aid of a sieve, the pulverized portions, returning 
the coarser particles to the mortar; and repeat this alternate pulverization and sifting 
until the process is completed. 

Compound Powders. — 1. Each substance is to be pulverized separately, and the 
quantity ordered in the prescription then weighed off; otherwise, the due proportions 
will not be maintained. 

2. Pulverize soft substances with those which are the reverse, which will thus serve 
as an intermedium. 

3. Pass all the substances through the same sieve, as this will render them more 
homogeneous, and will also prevent unnecessary loss. 

Some substances, however well dried, are reduced to powder with great difficulty 
by the usual modes of pulverization ; as, for instance, nux vomica and jalap, which 
require to be exposed to the steam of boiling water for some time, and then rapidly 
dried. 

Few articles, except those containing volatile constituents, are deteriorated in their 
properties by being pulverized. Some, on the contrary, become more active by this 
process, from their less active portions being separated; for instance, the powder 



INTERNAL REMEDIES. 447 



of ipecacuanha, if properly prepared, and the ligneous part rejected, is far stronger 
than the root — all the efficient properties existing in the cortical portion. 

Some other processes are employed to obtain certain powders. 

Precipitation. — Tartar emetic is obtained in a perfectly fine powder, by precipitation 
from a concentrated aqueous solution by means of alcohol; so, also, the precipitated 
carbonate of lime is prepared by the action of a solution of carbonate of potassa on 
water of muriate of lime. 

Elutriaticm. — This is a method by which the finer particles of a powder are 
separated from the coarser. It is performed by diffusing the powder through water, 
permitting the heavier portions to subside, then withdrawing the fluid, holding the 
finer particles in suspension, into another vessel, and allowing them to subside. This 
process is employed in making prepared chalk, &c. 

Granulation. — This is used to obtain certain metals in a finely divided state; as 
zinc, tin, iron, &c. 

Zinc is granulated either coarsely or finely : the first form is procured by melting 
the metal in an iron ladle, and pouring it slowly, in a fine stream, into cold water; 
the fine powder is obtained by rubbing the melted metal in an iron mortar. This 
metal loses its ductile properties at about 400°, and becomes so brittle as to be pul- 
verized without difficulty. It does not melt, except at a temperature of 773°, so that 
the melting is many degrees above its brittle point; hence, by beginning the tritura- 
tion at the melting point, it gradually reaches that at which it is most readily pulverized. 
The mortar should be thick and well heated before the fluid metal is poured into it. 
After being granulated, it should be properly sifted. 

The granulation of tin may be effected in the same manner; but a more common 
mode is to pour the melted metal into a strong wooden box, provided with a closely 
fitting lid, and agitating till the tin is cold; by this means, it is rapidly converted into 
powder and small grains, which can be separated from each other by elutriation or 
sifting. 

Iron is granulated by filing, or by means of a pestle and mortar (see page 199); 
but the best means to procure metallic iron in a finely divided state is by reducing it 
from the state of the carbonate, by means of hydrogen gas (see page 199). 

Pills and Boluses. — Pills are small globular masses, of a semi-solicl consistence, 
of the weight of half a grain to six grains, having as a base a powdery extract, &c, 
and rendered of the proper consistence by a syrup, pulp, &c. A bolus differs from a 
pill merely in being much larger, and generally less solid, weighing from six to 
twelve grains, and even move. 

No form of medicinal agents is more frequently employed than that of the pill; not 
only because of the facility with which it is administered, and its comparatively little 
taste, but because this form answers so excellent a purpose in the preservation of cer- 
tain compounds. 

The article, or articles, to be administered in this mode, should first be formed into 
a consistent, moderately firm mass — sufficiently plastic to admit of its being moulded 
into shape, without adhesion to the moulding instrument, and yet of so firm a con- 
sistence as to retain the form given to it. To accomplish this, the following rules 
must be attended to : — 

1. All the constituents which can be pulverized must be reduced to the state of a 
fine powder, and then thoroughly mixed together. 

2. If soft ingredients enter into the composition, they must be triturated -with the 
harder articles, which thus serve as an intermedium. 

3. No deliquescent salt should enter into the composition of officinal pills; otherwise 
they will become altered and decomposed. 

4. The nature of the excipient should be suited to that of the constituents : thus, 
syrups are to be used for most vegetable powders; soap for fatty matters; calcined 
magnesia for copaiba and turpentine. In some cases, no excipient is required, as 
for most of the gum resins. Extracts, also, when of proper consistence, can be made 
into pills without any addition. Mucilage, which is often ordered in the formation 
of various pills, is only suited to those which are to be used in a short time after 



448 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 

they are made ; but is not suited to such as are to be kept, because pills into which it 
enters as an excipient become so hard as to pass through the bowels almost un- 
altered. 

5. The excipient should be gradually added, and the mass beaten and triturated 
till it is perfectly homogeneous. 

6. When the pilular mass is properly made, the next operation consists in dividing 
it into pills of equal size, which is effected by dividing it with a spatula into morsels 
of the requisite weight, and rolling them between the fingers; or, in a more effectual, 
rapid, and cleanly manner, by means of a pill-machine. 

7. To prevent any adhesion of the pills after they are made, and to prevent any 
disagreeable taste, they are, in most cases, covered with an inert powder : as, powdered 
liquorice-root, starch, orris-root, lycopodium, and frequently with magnesia; but this 
latter is wholly unsuited to some preparations — for instance, to pills of calomel — 
as decomposition will be caused. In Europe, they are often coated with gold or silver 
leaf ; but this plan is seldom adopted in this country. Where, from their nauseous 
taste, or other circumstances, it becomes expedient to cover them, this is best done by 
means of gelatine. Each pill, being stuck on the point of a thin wire four or five 
inches in length, is dipped into a solution of gelatine, so as to coat it completely, 
and the wire is then inserted into a pin-cushion, or a vessel containing fine sand, and 
left till the gelatine is firm, which occurs in about a quarter of an hour, when the pill 
can be removed. (See Procter's Mohr and Redwood's Pharmacy, 509.) 

Extracts. — This name is given to all products resulting from the evaporation of 
a solution, maceration, digestion, infusion, or of an expressed juice. They are gene- 
rally of a soft consistence, of a dark color, and of an odor and taste analogous to those 
of the substance from which they are derived. They have been classed, according to 
the fluid employed in obtaining them; as watery, alcoholic, ethereal, vinous, acetic, 
&c. Some, however, are made from the expressed juices of plants, without any inter- 
medium. The great object, in selecting one or more of these menstrua, is to employ 
that which takes up the largest proportion of the active ingredients of the root, bark, 
&c. ; for the most advantageous solvent -for one constituent may be wholly inefficient 
for others : thus, alcohol is the proper menstruum for resinous substances, water for 
bitter extractive, vinegar for articles containing the alkaloids, &c.-j but, in many 
cases, an extract, containing all the active properties of the drug, can be obtained only 
by a combination or a succession of different solvents. 

Extracts made by inspissating the expressed juices of plants have been considered 
to contain the active principles of the vegetable in a less altered form than by any 
other mode. But it has been shown that such is far from being the case, as, in some 
instances, the expressed juice does not contain the active constituents. Thus, in aco- 
nitum, much of the efficient principle is left in the residuum ; added to which, in some 
extracts made in this manner, the medicinal ingredients are destroyed, or much 
deteriorated, in the evaporation. This is obviated, in a great measure, by allowing the 
expressed juice to evaporate spontaneously at ordinary temperatures; or, by carrying 
on this process in vacuo. It has been found that extracts made by the latter method 
have more of the aroma and taste of the original article, keep better, and are more 
efficient. When inspissation of the natural juices of the plant is not practicable, a 
solution of the active ingredients is to be obtained by the use of certain menstrua — as 
water and alcohol — according to the substance to be acted upon. When the active 
principles are soluble in water, that fluid is to be used as the vehicle of extraction; 
when resinous, alcohol is to be employed ; when oleo-resinous, ether will be found 
the best menstruum. When it is desired that all the principles soluble in the various 
medicines should be re-united in the extract, the vegetable substance is first to be 
subjected to the action of one, and then to another, of the solvents; and the solutions 
thus obtained are to be mixed together, and properly inspissated. These solutions are 
obtained by maceration, digestion, infusion, and displacement. Decoction is seldom to 
be employed, as it affords extracts containing much inert matter, and, of course, of 
inferior quality. Of late years, the process of displacement has been much used in the 
formation of extracts, whatever the menstruum selected, as it affords a solution of 



OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 449 



the soluble principles in the smaller quantity of fluid; and hence, prevents the inju- 
rious effects of too long an exposure to heat in the subsequent evaporation. (See 
Tinctures.) 

With regard to the mode of evaporating extracts, much caution is requisite, as the 
various constituents of these bodies are very liable to undergo decomposition when 
exposed to the action of heat and atmospheric air. Sometimes the evaporation, espe- 
cially of aqueous solutions, is performed over the naked fire; but this plan is liable to 
many objections, more particularly towards the close of the operation, when a small 
excess of heat may cause such a change in the character of the ingredients as to 
deprive them of all useful properties; and it is from this cause that so many of the 
extracts found in the shops are wholly worthless. Other and far better methods consist 
in the use of water and steam baths, which prevent all danger of burning the extract. 
In the inspissation, when conducted in open vessels, it is of importance that the 
evaporation should be carried on rapidly, that the solution may be exposed to the 
action of the air for as short a time as possible. Evaporation in vacuo is always to 
be preferred when practicable, as the process can not only be carried on at a lower 
temperature, but the deteriorating influence of the air is avoided; the great objection 
is the additional expense it entails on the operation. Spontaneous evaporation has 
also been successfully employed; though necessarily slow, it affords excellent products. 
It is always advantageous to aid this process by employing artificial heat to a certain 
degree, by conducting it in a drying room or warm closet, and by causing a current 
of dry air, heated to about 100°, to pass over the surface of the evaporating fluid. 
Extracts made in this manner keep well, not undergoing the spontaneous decomposi- 
tion so detrimental to extracts in general. When alcoholic solutions are to be 
concentrated, distillation should always be used, as not only can the alcohol be saved, 
but, from the process being carried on out of the atmospheric air, one great source of 
injury to the product is avoided. 

The consistence of extracts varies according to their ingredients, and the pur- 
poses to which they are to be applied. Two different degrees are recognized in the 
Pharmacopoeias: one so soft as to be readily made into pills; the other so hard 
as to be pulverizable. These different forms of extracts are useful because of the 
readiness with which they can be formed into pills or powders prescribed; but, in many 
cases, extracts undergo a change, some becoming soft and others hard; and one of the 
difficult parts of an apothecary's business is to keep these preparations of a uniform 
consistence. They should be preserved in glazed earthenware pots, protected as much 
as possible from the action of the air. Notwithstanding every precaution that can be 
taken, a diminution of activity will, sooner or later, take place; hence, these prepara- 
tions should be examined from time to time, and, if necessary, renewed. The safest 
plan is to renew those made from recent plants once a year. 

Confections, Conserves, Electuaries. — As there is no essential difference in 
these preparations, they may be advantageously treated under one head. They are 
simple and compound : the first being merely a mixture of a recent vegetable substance 
and sugar, beaten into a uniform mass; the second, of the same substances, but in 
greater numbers. In consequence of the greater simplicity of prescriptions, of late 
years, the number of preparations of this kind have greatly diminished, and they are 
employed more as vehicles for other medicines than for their own remedial powers. 
The I'ul lowing rules are to be observed in their preparation and preservation : — 

1. The powders to be incorporated arc to be in a state of line division, and the 
pulps used, perfectly homogeneous, and not too fluid. 

2. The mixture should be intim ite, and the consistence of the resulting mass should 
be solid enough to prevent a separation of the ingredients, and yet sufficiently soft to 
allow of its being swallowed without being masticated. 

:!. If the mixture swells up, and gives off carbonic acid, it is to be well rubbed in 
a mortar, to break down any sugar that may have crystallized, and any hard lumps 
that may have formed, so as again to form a uniform mass. 

4. They should be preserved in earthenware or porcelain pots, well covered, and 
kept in a moderately moist situation. 
29 



450 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 

Pulps are simple medicinal preparations, of a soft consistence, formed of the tissues of 
vegetable substances, or of some of its thin parts ; they differ from extracts in containing 
insoluble as well as soluble principles. They are to be prepared by rubbing the fruit, 
or other articles from which they are made, through a metal sieve, so as to separate the 
vegetable fibre from the soft parts by which it is surrounded. When the fruit is 
hard or dry, it is to be softened by means of boiling water, previous to expression 
through the sieve. The expressed pulp, if not sufficiently consistent, is to be properly 
evaporated. Pulps are to be preserved in the same manner as confections. Very 
few of these preparations are now used in medicine. 

Syrups. — These are liquid, viscous medicines, consisting of a concentrated solution 
of sugar in aqueous fluids. 

All fluids susceptible of dissolving more than their weight of sugar can be formed 
into syrups. These syrups are of two kinds : simple or compound. Simple syrup is 
prepared by dissolving sugar in pure water; and compound syrups are obtained by 
dissolving the sugar in solutions of various substances, formed by infusion, decoction, 
expression, &c. The former is usually made in this country from refined sugar, and 
not, as in Europe, from the impure and unrefined qualities of this article. All syrups 
require to be perfectly filtered, so as to be limpid, and should have a certain viscidity 
of consistence, and be capable of being preserved without entering into fermentation, 
or crystallizing. These latter properties depend on their containing a proper pro- 
portion of sugar — an excess being deposited in a crystalline form, and a deficiency 
causing the solution to run into fermentation. The best mode of ascertaining the 
proper point of concentration is by means of its specific gravity at different tempera- 
tures. The specific gravity of well-prepared simple syrup is, when boiling, about 
1-261, and when cold 1-319; but the proper degree of concentration is more readily 
obtained by means of Baume's hydrometer. This should stand at about 80° in 
boiling syrup, and at 35° when it is cold. Other modes are also employed, which, 
although sufficiently accurate in the hands of an experienced operator, are not to be 
generally depended upon. They are derived from the degree of viscosity acquired 
by the syrup, as shown by the time required for the parts of a drop to re-unite, and 
by the length of the thread which a drop will produce before detaching itself, when 
poured from a spoon or ladle. When the syrup, on cooling, presents a crystalline 
pellicle, it is a proof that the evaporation has been carried too far; but, when the sugar 
has been mixed with an acid, or when the process has been too much prolonged, the 
sugar loses its power of crystallization, however much the syrup is concentrated, and, 
therefore, does not form a pellicle. 

The compound syrups, when kept any time, are liable to various alterations, depend- 
ing on their nature, and the degree of care used in their preparation. Thus, the acid 
syrups, as the syrup of lemons, when too concentrated, deposit a copious white pre- 
cipitate; and, in some cases, solidify entirely. By heating them, they again become 
liquid ; but again let fall a precipitate on cooling. This deposit is analogous to grape 
sugar, and is caused by the action of the acid on the sugar. When the sugar bears 
too small a proportion to the liquid, syrups are apt to run into fermentation. Even 
when the sugar is in proper proportion, this change often takes place, if the solution 
contains much amylaceous or extractive vegetable matter. Even when too much 
concentrated, they may also undergo this change, from part of the sugar being 
deposited in a crystalline state ; and the crystal, attracting the sugar necessary to the 
preservation of the syrup, reduces its strength, and renders it liable to the same change 
as though it was originally too weak. 

Syrups, especially those containing the juice of fruit, should be bottled whilst hot, 
and, when cold, well stopped and sealed ; and these, as well as all other kinds, should 
be kept in a temperature not exceeding 60° F. Various plans have been devised to 
preserve syrups ; but the best is to prepare them only in such quantities as will be 
used within a short time. The addition of chlorate of potassa, as advised by Maccul- 
loch, and of sugar of milk, as advised by Chereau, has proved useful; but the best 
mode is that of Mr. Durand, viz., adding about one drachm of Hoffmann's anodyne to 



OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 451 

each pint of syrup; this appears to have the property of arresting or preventing any 
tendency to fermentation. 

Mellites, or Honeys, are liquid, viscid medicines, somewhat analogous to syrups, 
hut in which the sugar is replaced by honey. Like syrups, they may be divided into 
simple and compound, or medicated. Their preparation, medical properties, modes 
of administration, and preservation are very similar to those of the syrups, and do not, 
therefore, require further notice. Though formerly much used, they are now seldom 
prescribed, as they are often found to disagree with the stomach, especially if made 
with the honey of commerce in an unpurified state. 

Infusions are aqueous solutions, made by treating vegetable products with cold or 
hot water, but never carried to ebullition. They are seldom made by the apothecary, 
who merely furnishes the medicinal ingredients; whilst the preparation is usually 
confided to the nurse or other attendant on the patient. This plan, although more 
economical than when the preparation is compounded by the apothecary, often renders 
the prescription of the physician of little avail, from the infusion being erroneously 
made. They are generally prepared by pouring boiling water on the ingredients, and 
macerating in a tightly-covered vessel until the liquid cools; or the vessel is kept for 
some time at a low heat before a fire. In most cases, an infusion should be strained 
or filtered before being used; but, in general, nurses are content merely to decant 
them for use. The vessels in which infusions are made are usually of stone or 
earthenware. When it is an object to retain the heat as long as possible, polished 
metallic vessels, provided they are not acted upon by the infusion, are to be preferred, 
as, from their inferior radiating powers, they retain heat better than earthenware. 
Infusions are mostly made for extemporaneous use, as they are exceedingly liable to 
decomposition, and consequently cannot be kept for any time without spoiling. They 
may, however, be preserved for some time by pouring them, whilst hot, into bottles, 
so as to fill them, and forcing in stout corks. If the operation be properly performed, 
so as to perfectly exclude the air, the infusion will keep for some months. An 
infusion made with cold water, by the process of displacement, has less tendency to 
spoil than one made in the usual manner with hot water. 

Decoctions differ from infusions in the circumstance that the substance to be acted 
upon is subjected to the solvent action of the menstruum at its boiling point, and con- 
tinued for a longer or shorter period, according to the solubility of the substance, or 
its constituents. By decoction, all the principles soluble in water can be obtained; 
and even many substances not properly soluble in that fluid are diffused through it, 
and held in suspension. On the other hand, many substances are injured or destroyed 
by decoction, especially when their active principles are volatile, and when, during 
ebullition, chemical changes take place, by which the active constituents are rendered 
insoluble, or are decomposed. In fact, protracted ebullition is seldom required since 
the process of displacement has been known, as it has been found that water at a 
common temperature, by this method, will exhaust most vegetable substances more 
effectually than the same fluid at 212° by decoction. There are some exceptions; as 
all emulsive preparations, and certain gummy solutions, require ebullition. As in the 
case of infusions, decoctions are only made extemporaneously, for they readily de- 
compose by keeping. They should be prepared in closed vessels, and generally in 
those of earthenware. Copper vessels should be used with great care, as many vege- 
table decoctions corrode them, especially if permitted to cool in them. Iron vessels 
are not to be employed when the decoction contains tannin or gallic acid. Zinc is very 
rapidly acted upon by many vegetable substances, and should, therefore, be avoided. 
In all cases, the vessels employed should be deep and narrow, rather than broad and 
shallow, to obviate as much as possible the influence of the air on the product. 

Tinctures arc solutions of vegetable, animal, and, in some cases, of mineral sub- 
stances in spirituous fluids. The spirit employed is alcohol, cither diluted or undiluted, 
either pure or medicated; and, in some cases, ether. The form of tincture is one much 



452 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 

used in pharmacy; it presents the active principles of drugs in a small volume, it can 
be preserved in an unaltered state for a long time, and is, in most cases, well adapted 
to unite with other substances in extemporaneous prescriptions. Tinctures are made 
by maceration, or by displacement. 

Maceration is an operation in which, by the action of a fluid at common tempera- 
tures, continued for a certain length of time, a solution of the principles of an organic 
substance in that fluid is obtained. As before stated, in making tinctures, the strength 
of the spirituous menstruum employed is varied according to circumstances. If the 
substance to be acted upon is resinous, alcohol is to be employed; if it contains also 
matters soluble in water, and insoluble in pure alcohol, this article, in a diluted state, 
is to be used. The period of maceration varies from some hours to several weeks; and, 
during the process, the vessel in which it is performed should be kept closed, to pre- 
vent evaporation. When the spirit has remained upon the substance for the directed 
period, it should be decanted, instead of being left, as is too often the case, standing 
on the dregs until it is used. This practice is erroneous, and may be attended 
with evil consequences; for the characters and properties of a tincture which has been 
suffered to remain too long in contact with the solid ingredients, will often be found 
to differ considerably from what they would have been if the process had been termi- 
nated at the indicated time. When a tincture is made by maceration, it requires to 
be filtered, after being separated from the dregs; otherwise, it will be turbid, and 
deposit much insoluble matter on standing. 

Displacement. — This process is of comparatively late introduction in the making of 
tinctures, &c. For a great proportion of these preparations, it is decidedly to be pre- 
ferred to maceration; but for others it has not proved so satisfactory. Mohr and 
lledwood observe, on this point : — 

" When tinctures are made in large quantities, displacement is never likely to 
supersede maceration, on account of any practical advantages it may possess. If the 
prescribed directions be duly attended to, the process of maceration is unexceptionable. 
The process is more simple than the other; the mode of operating is more uniform, 
it is, in fact, always the same; it requires less of skill and dexterity in conducting it; 
it requires less constant attention during its progress, which, in operating on large 
quantities, is a consideration; and, finally, the apparatus required is less complicated. 

"When only small quantities of tincture are made at a time, and kept in stock, the 
adoption of the process of displacement will often be found convenient and advan- 
tageous. It offers the means of making a tincture in two or three hours, which, by the 
other process, would require as many weeks. The process being thus completed in so 
short a time, for the quantity contemplated might be made at one operation, it would 
not be so likely as the other to experience neglect during the performance of it, or a 
deviation from the prescribed instructions; the product would, therefore, be more 
uniform. Finally, in many cases, the tincture and spirit may be removed from the 
dregs more completely, in operating on small quantities, by this process, than by the 
other." 

Several forms of displacement-apparatus are used in this country, but the one most 
frequently employed is that of Boullay. It is a vessel nearly cylindrical, made of 
tin, with its lower end funnel-shaped. It is made of various sizes: with the cylinder 
12 inches in length by 2 I in diameter, or 14 by 4, or 17 by 6. A movable metallic 
plate, pierced with numerous holes, and provided with a knob or handle in the centre, 
and fitted accurately to the lower part of the cylinder, is to be placed in the projecting 
supports. On this, a thin stratum of carded cotton, covered with the powder to 
be operated upon, is to be laid, and the process carried on as directed above. This 
apparatus should be furnished with a stopcock at the lower end. Soubeiran has made 
an improvement on this filter by adapting to it a tin receiver, provided with a cock at the 
lower part, so that the filtered liquor can be drawn off at will. The substance to be 
exhausted must be reduced to various degrees of division in different instances; but, 
for the most part, the form of coarse powder is the most suitable, because, when the 
powder is very fine, the fluid is apt to be arrested in its passage, after becoming satu- 
rated with the soluble principles. In general, it is proper to soak the powder for a few 
hours with a sufficiency of the spirit, to make it into a stiff pulp, before putting it into 



OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 453 



the cylinder; otherwise, the spirit may make narrow passages for itself, and leave a 
part of the material unacted on : but, in some instances, no such preliminary step is 
necessary, and here, as in the case of tincture of myrrh, the best procedure is to 
introduce the powder in the dry state, and to pour the spirit over it. Before the 
spirit is poured over the pulp or powder, it must be packed in the cylinder. The 
degree of pressure to be used, which varies in different instances, is to be learned only 
from experience in each case ; and it may be observed, that this is the operation on 
the correct performance of which the success of the process chiefly depends, and the 
only one which requires some skill and nicety of management. If the material be 
loosely packed, the spirit will pass through too quickly, and not sufficiently saturated ; 
if too firm pressure be employed, percolation will take place too slowly, or not at all. 
On the whole, the firmness of the packing should be inversely as the solvent power 
of the spirit upon the solid materials; but to this rule there are many exceptions. 
Since the fluid, for an obvious reason, passes after a time with increasing speed, it is 
occasionally necessary to press down the matter in the cylinder as the process advances; 
but neither does this rule always apply. In some operations, especially those on the 
large scale, it is found useful to promote the displacement by pressure. This may be 
produced simply by supplying the solvent through a tube several feet high, adapted 
to the upper end of the cylinder, and terminating at the top in a funnel. A still better 
method, as involving the use of less spirit, consists in the use of compressed air. By 
means of a condensing syringe, or a column of water or mercury in a tube, air is con- 
densed in the bottle below; and when the material and spirit have been introduced 
into the percolator, the top is tightly secured by a screw, and the compressed air 
admitted by a stopcock. This method answers excellently on the small scale with a 
column of mercury. 

The solution which first passes through in this process is always in a state of high 
concentration. In general, it is a simple solution of the soluble ingredients of the 
crude drug in the fluid employed. But sometimes the solvent, if compound, is 
resolved into its component parts ; and the fluid which passes through is only 
one of these, holding the soluble parts of the drug in solution. Thus, if diluted 
alcohol be poured over powder of myrrh, in the cylinder, the fluid which first drops 
into the receiver is a solution of oily consistence, composed of resin and volatile oil 
dissolved in alcohol. And, if powder of galls be acted on in like manner, by aqueous 
sulphuric ether, two layers of fluid are obtained, a highly concentrated solution of 
tannin in the water of the ether, and a weak solution of the same principle in pure 
ether. 

Displacement is accomplished, in the manner here described, with little or no inter- 
mixture of the liquid above, with that which is below, in the pulpy mass. If, after the 
pulp has been allowed to drain till drops cease to fall, the quantity of spirit retained 
by it be ascertained — that is, by subtracting what has dropped from what has been used 
to make the pulp, — and the same quantity be poured gently over the mass, repeat- 
edly, as soon as the dropping caused by each successive addition ceases, a scries 
of liquids will be obtained by the simple displacement of one another in the pulp; 
and the last portion of spirit used may be obtained by pouring over the pulp the 
same quantity of water. Hence, one of the many advantages possessed by this method 
of making tinctures, over the ordinary mode by maceration and expression, is that no 
part of the tincture is lost by being left behind in the residuum. 

Even when a strict attention is paid to the prescribed formula, the resulting tinc- 
tures may be found to vary in medicinal strength ; for any variation in the activity of 
the drug will influence the tincture. These preparations, although retaining their 
properties better than other vegetable solutions, will gradually undergo changes, from 
age and exposure, either losing their color, depositing insoluble matter, or, in sonic 
cases, as in that of the tincture of kino, becoming less astringent, and gradually gela- 
tinizing. 

Wines are tinctures in which the menstruum is wine. The wine ordered to be 
employed by the U. S. and British Pharmacopoeias is Sherry. The solvent power of 
winc-3 on vegetable products depends on the water and alcohol they contain; the other 
principles found in them are injurious to it as an excipient, the mucilage disposing 



454 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 

to fermentation, and the coloring matters and tannin often decomposing the active 
principles of the vegetable substances dissolved in it. On this account, these prepara- 
tions are now going out of use, and mixtures of alcohol and water, of the proper 
strength, substituted as solvents. These can always be made of definite strength, 
which can seldom be attained when wine is used. 

Medicated wines are made by maceration or displacement; but the latter process is 
seldom used. In whatever way they are prepared, they are very liable to undergo a 
change, and hence should be made in small quantities only, and kept in well-closed 
bottles, and in a cool and dark place. 

Vinegars are solutions of certain parts of vegetables in distilled vinegar or 
diluted acetic acid. Few of these preparations are officinal; but, in some cases, the 
state of solution in distilled vinegar is the best that can be desired, at least as far as 
energy is concerned. This is particularly the case when the activity of the medicinal 
substance depends on the presence of an alkaloid, which, by uniting with the acetic 
acid, forms a salt that is readily soluble; and, therefore, may be more perfectly 
extracted than by other menstrua. 

As even distilled vinegar contains vegetable matter, rendering it liable to decom- 
position, it has been found advantageous to substitute acetic acid, properly diluted. 
In consequence of this liability to become decomposed, medicated vinegars should be 
made in small quantities, and renewed at short intervals. In many cases, the acetates 
of the vegetable alkaloids, dissolved in water or diluted alcohol, may be substituted for 
medicated vinegars, producing all their good effects, and attended with but few of 
their disadvantages. 

Mixtures are liquid medicines containing two or more ingredients, generally of 
extemporaneous preparation, though a few are recognized as officinal. They are in 
very constant use in the administration of remedies. The ingredients which usually 
enter into their composition are salts, and other solid bodies which are soluble, or 
readily miscible with aqueous fluids; also tinctures, spirits, syrups, decoctions, &c. 

In making a mixture, the objects to be attained are the perfect solution of the 
soluble ingredients, and an equal diffusion of those which are not so, through the 
excipient, as well as the thorough admixture of all the constituents, so that each dose 
shall be similarly composed. The combination of articles in a mixture is effected 
either by agitation, or by rubbing the ingredients together in a mortar. When 
volatile substances enter into a mixture, they should be added last. Insoluble 
powders, which are easily diffused through a fluid, may be mixed with the liquid 
ingredients, by merely shaking them together in the bottle. When, however, powders 
do not mix readily with liquids, they must be triturated in a mortar with a small 
quantity of the fluid, gradually adding more, until they are of the consistence of thin 
paste. In the same manner, extracts and electuaries are to be rubbed down with a 
portion of the excipient previous to putting them in the bottle. 

Draughts differ from mixtures only in being designed to be taken at a single dose. 
This is not a common mode of prescribing medicines, but in some cases it is advan- 
tageous, as, when it is wished to apportion the doses of a medicine accurately, or when 
the medicine is liable to undergo a change from the action of air. 

Emulsions are mixtures containing substances of an oleaginous or resinous nature 
suspended in aqueous fluids by the aid of gum, syrup, yolk of eggs, or any viscid 
matter. It is a mechanical compound, and the union of its ingredients is promoted 
and reudered more or less permanent by the addition of an alkali. Emulsions are 
made by triturating certain oleaginous seeds with water, or by mixing the oil procured 
from them with the necessary ingredients ; and also from gum resins in the same 
manner. Sometimes they are made with oils and an alkali. In making an emulsion 
of the oils or oleo-resins with mucilage, the former should be gradually added to the 
latter; by adding the mucilage to the oil, a good emulsion cannot be formed. Mu- 
cilage is preferable to an alkali in making many emulsions, as those with castor oil or 
copaiba; an alkali is preferable in forming an emulsion of almond or olive oil; 
but an emulsion formed with either of these agents alone will often separate, 
if the other be added. The presence of soluble salts in an emulsion is also apt to 



OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 455 



cause a separation of the oil. Much spirit will produce the same effect in emulsions 
made with mucilage, and an acid in those made with an alkali. Some substances 
cannot be formed into good emulsions either with an alkali or with mucilage. This is 
the case with spermaceti and oil of turpentine. In such cases, the yolk of an egg is 
the best agent for effecting the admixture, by rubbing clown the ingredients in a 
mortar. 

Volatile oils are most readily made into an emulsion by being previously mixed 
with one of the terebinthinate fixed oils. Scammony is formed into an emulsion by 
means of milk; but resin of jalap will not unite with this fluid, and is best emulsion- 
ized by triturating it with almonds and water. Emulsions should be made with cold 
water, and strained. 

Mr. W. Procter gives the following valuable directions for making emulsions (Phil. 
Joum. Pharm. xv. 11): "In making an emulsion, a good deal depends even on so 
slight a circumstance as the form and material of the mortar and pestle. An emul- 
sion may, indeed, be made in a smooth porcelain mortar, but the process is unques- 
tionably more successful and easy in a Wedgewood one, and still more so in the old- 
fashioned marble mortar, which is generally used to this day by the druggists and 
apothecaries in England. But whatever be the composition of the mortar, it is essen- 
tial that it should be perfectly round at the bottom; not flattish, as is sometimes the 
case ; and the pestle should be so formed as in its motion to leave no hollows between 
its base and the concave surface of the mortar. Otherwise, the emulsion will most 
probably be imperfect. The mucilage or other viscid substance should always be put 
into the mortar before anything else : the oil (or balsam) may then be very gradually 
rubbed in, taking care not to add it more quickly than it can be subdued by the pestle ; 
and if, during this part of the manipulation, the mixture should begin to assume a break- 
ing or curdling appearance at the edges, a few drops of water must be immediately 
incorporated with it, before adding the remainder of the oil. For want of this precau- 
tion, I have often known an emulsion suddenly to lose its tenacious consistence in the 
mortar, and it is then in vain to endeavor to restore it. After the oil is thoroughly 
incorporated, some care is requisite to avoid separating it again by too hasty an effusion 
of the water or other fluid of the mixture ; and, if any alcoholic or acid liquid is to be 
added, it must be at the very end of the process. Indeed, an acid liquid, even a 
slightly acescent syrup, will often entirely destroy the emulsion. Mixtures of copaiba 
are frequently spoiled by the addition of spir. eth. nit.; which might be avoided by 
first diluting it with one or two portions of water." 

Medicated Waters. — This term is used by the U. S. Pharmacopoeia to designate 
all preparations of water impregnated with medicinal substances, not appertaining to 
other classes of preparations. It includes the Distilled Waters of the British 
Colleges, and is a more appropriate designation, because many of the latter preparations 
are not distilled waters, but are made with an essential oil united to the water by 
trituration or agitation, no distillation being employed. 

By Distillation. — There are two modes of obtaining medicated waters by this process : 
1st, by distilling the water directly off the substances ; 2d, by employing the essential 
oil already separated from the vegetable, and distilling it over with the water. In 
most cases, where the fresh plant can be procured, it is to be preferred. Many of 
these substances lose their volatile oil and fragrant properties when dried; but, in some 
instances, the oil is retained, notwithstanding desiccation. Many which lose the oil 
by the process of drying retain it fully for a length of time, when preserved by being 
beat into a pulp with common salt; and, when used in this state, afford very good 
distilled waters. 

The material which supplies the volatile oil is, in general, simply mixed with the 
water in a state of fine division ; and this is probably the best mode, where heat is 
used in such a way as to exclude the risk of empyreuma. If it does not require to 
be finely divided, as in the case of fresh leaves and flowers, it may be put conveniently 
into a net-bag, which, suspended in the middle of the still, may be withdrawn 
with facility, when its contents arc exhausted. Some manufacturers use, not water, 
but steam, for obtaining distilled waters : that is, the material to be distilled is spread 



456 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 

over a fine gauze partition, or a plate perforated with numerous small holes, and steam 
is driven through the mass. 

When the vegetable substance to be exhausted is a bark, wood, or other solid mat- 
ter, it must be reduced to a state of moderately fine division. But this is not gene- 
rally necessary in the case of leaves or flowers, because boiling water breaks down the 
cells in which the volatile oil is contained. When leaves, however, are thick and lea- 
thery, as in the instance of the cherry-laurel, the process is facilitated by chopping 
them down ; and, in most cases, where leaves are large, it is difficult to get a sufficient 

quantity into the still without cutting them into pieces. In preparing the finer 

kinds of distilled waters, it is necessary to clean the materials carefully, to remove all 
decayed leaves or flowers, or those infested by insects, and sometimes also to separate 
the leaf-stalks, or the green claw of the petals. 

Heat may often be applied directly to the vessel ; but in this way empyreuma is apt 
to be occasioned, especially in large operations, in consequence of the solid matters 
remaining fixed at the bottom. To avoid this, it is usual to apply the heat, in limited 
operations, through the medium of a solution of hydrochlorate of lime, which raises 
a temperature between 212° and 270°, according to its strength — or by means of an 
oil-bath, with a thermometer to regulate the temperature ; and, on the great scale, it 
is best applied by means of steam admitted under pressure into a space surrounding 
the still. — Another cause of the empyreumatic taint of some distilled waters is the 
formation of a species of mucilaginous substance, at the expense of the volatile 
oil. This substance, which forms chiefly when the distillation is pushed too fast, or 
too far, and is seen encrusting globules of volatile oil, undissolved in the water, is apt 
to deposit itself on the side of the still, above the boiling materials, where it is after- 
wards decomposed by the heat. This fact explains the well-known observation, that 
the finest distilled waters are obtained by gentle distillation, and by abstaining from 
complete exhaustion of the materials. A still greater improvement is to prepare 
them with the vacuum-still, in the same way as is now often practiced in making 
extracts. 

The other mode of obtaining medicated waters by distillation is by employing the 
volatile oil, previously separated from the plant, for the vegetable itself. This mode 
of operating affords a product less liable to change than the above; but it is not so 
aromatic as when obtained from the fresh plant. 

Distilled waters, however carefully they may be kept, are apt, sooner or later, to 
lose their aroma ; and some of them even become mouldy, and acquire thereby an un- 
pleasant odor. They have been thought to keep better with the addition of about a 
fortieth part of rectified spirit; which may be either put into the still with the water, 
or added afterwards to the distilled fluid. But the advantages of this addition, although 
sanctioned by the authority of the Dublin Pharmacopoeia, are doubted by practical 
men. It is believed that the most effectual precaution for preserving them is to 
prepare them with extremely pure natural waters, such as snow, rain, or very fine 
spring water (Midler), free especially of any unusual proportion of carbonic acid; and 
to keep them in black, orange, or red bottles, not in bottles of clear glass (Hanle). A 
better mode of procedure is to re-distil the water as soon as any change is per- 
ceived in it ; this restores its original odor, and renders it less subject to alteration. 

By Admixture. — Another method of making medicated waters is by impregnating the 
water with the volatile oil, by triturating them together with the addition of carbonate 
of magnesia, and filtering to remove the latter. This affords an excellent product, as 
it is pure and permanent. The addition of the carbonate of magnesia is merely to 
enable the operator to produce such a minute division of the oil as will enable water 
to act on it more efficiently. Other powders act in the same way, and are preferred 
by some manufacturers. 

Distilled, Essential, or Volatile Oils. — Volatile oils are contained in vege- 
table cells, generally peculiar, and often so large as to be distinct to the naked eye. 
Sometimes they exist in such abundance that the oil may be obtained by mere expres- 
sion. The oils of lemon, orange, bergamot, and citron are prepared in this way by 
the manufacturer; and from many other substances, such as the unripe germen of 



OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 457 

rue, and the undeveloped corolla of the clove-tree, oils may be squeezed out by pres- 
sure with the nail. In some rare instances, as in that of the Liquid Borneo-Camphor 
from the Dryobalanops Camphora, and that of the Laurel-oil of G-uiana from a species 
of Ocotea, volatile oil is obtained largely, and of considerable purity, by exudation from 
incisions. Much more frequently, however, it is exuded spontaneously, or from inci- 
sions, as a turpentine in combination with resin, or as a gum-resin in union with both 
gum and resin. Most frequently of all, it cannot be obtained by any of these modes, 
but adheres with more or less force to the flowers, leaves, fruit, bark, or wood, which 
contain it. In that case, it is sometimes destroyed or dispersed when the plant is 
dried, more especially if the organ which contains it is the flower ; but often, when 
contained in the leaf, and very generally, if contained in the seed, bark, or wood, it is 
retained in part, or altogether, under desiccation, and even under long keeping. In 
some instances, it appears that the volatile oil obtained from plants does not exist 
ready formed, but is produced, on bruising or distilling them with water, through 
the reaction of other principles on one another. Of this mode of production, two 
remarkable examples exist — the volatile oils of the bitter almond and black mus- 
tard seed; and it is probable that the oils of cherry-laurel leaves, peach leaves, and 
of the leaves of other amygdalaceous plants, are similarly circumstanced. 

A few volatile oils used in medicine are obtained by expression, such as the oils of 
orange, lemon, and bergamot, already mentioned. When oils exude along with resin 
in the form of turpentine, they may be separated from the resin by heat alone, as 
they are volatilizable at about the temperature of 400°. But thus obtained, they cannot 
be of fine quality, because the heat required is too near that at which resins, as well as 
the oils themselves, undergo decomposition. In general, therefore, this plan is not 
followed, for pharmaceutic purposes; and volatile oils are obtained from turpentines by 
distilling them with water. For, although they do not enter into ebullition at the 
temperature of boiling water, their vapors pass over in large quantity with steam; and, 
condensing along with it, form distilled waters — with volatile oils either floating on 
the water, or, more rarely, sinking to the bottom. The volatile oils of many vegetable 
substances are to be separated in this way alone, because the other principles, con- 
tained along with them in the crude substances, are empyreumatized by the higher 
temperature which is required to disengage the oil without the co-operation of watery 
vapor. In some instances, it has been thought advantageous to substitute for water 
in the still a strong solution of common salt, because a somewhat higher tempera- 
ture is required to boil it. There seems an advantage, in this change, for the rectifica- 
tion of oils previously obtained from the raw materials in which they reside ; but the 
advantage in the case of distillation from crude vegetable substances is doubtful. 

The method of distilling volatile oils differs little from that described above for pre- 
paring distilled waters. The same precautions must be observed in applying heat, and 
for the same reasons. The formation of mucilaginous matter at the expense of the oil, 
towards the close of the distillation, is shown by the globules of oil coming over 
enveloped in a fine pellicle of it. The quantity of water must be proportionally less, 
or, rather, the same portion of water is to be used with successive portions of the 
material which yields the oil; otherwise, a material loss is sustained by solution of 
the oil in the water. In some instances, where the oil exists in low proportion, and is 
of great value, the distilled fluid should be left at rest for some time, and exposed to 
as low a temperature as can be commanded. 

The mixed vapors which pass over condense into a milky-looking fluid, which, after 
standing some time in the receiver, separates into two portions, one a solution of a part 
of oil in water, and the other of the oil itself, which occupies the upper or lower part, 
according as it is lighter or heavier than the water. 

Chevallier gives the following rules for the distillation of volatile oils : — 

1. To operate upon large quantities, in order to obtain a greater product, and of 
bettor quality. 

2. To conduct the distillation rapidly. 

3. To divide the substances minutely, in order to facilitate the extrication of 
the oil. 

4. To employ only sufficient water to prevent the plant from burning. 



458 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 

5. For substances whose oil is heavier than water, to saturate the water in the still 
with common salt, to raise the boiling point, and thus to enable the vapor to carry 
over more of the oil. 

G. To employ, when possible, water which had already been distilled from off the 
same substances, and had thus become saturated with oil. 

7. For oils naturally fluid, to cool the liquid in the refrigeratory frequently; but to 
retain it at 80° to 90° for those oils which easily become solid. 

After the distillation, the oil should be separated from the water ; for this purpose, 
several ingenious instruments have been devised, an account of which will be found 
in Procter's edition of Molxr and Redwood's Pharmacy, pp. 354, 355. 

The following table, from Chrislison's Dispensatory, showing the proportion of 
volatile oil obtained from the chief medicinal vegetable substances, according to 
the most recent experiments, will be found useful. The data are chiefly extracted 
or calculated from experiments by M. Raybaud in the Journal de Pharmacie, xx. — 
by Dr. Martius in Repertorium fur die Pharmacie, xxxix. — by Dr. Bley in the 
same work, xlviii. — by M. Dann and by M. Voelter in the same work, lv. ; — and a 
few have been added from experiments of my own. The numbers represent the 
number of ounces obtained from 100 pounds avoirdupois. The letters before the 
figures refer to the authority for each. 

Amygdalus communis. Bitter almond - 

Amygdalus communis. Bitter almond - 

Amygdalus communis. Bitter almond (Duflos) 

Angelica Archangelica — dried root .... 

Anthemis nobilis — fresh flowers raised at Grasse 

Anthemis nobilis — dried flowers do. 

Anthemis nobilis — dried flowers, long kept, Germany 

Antliemis nobilis — flowers freshly dried ... 

Anthemis nobilis — flowers 12 months dried ... 

Apium graveolens — dried fruit ..... 

Apium Petroselinum — fresh herb, after flowering 

Apium Petroselinum — dry fruit, France - - - - 

Apium Petroselinum — dry fruit, Germany ... 

Artemisia Absinthium — fresh herb, Paris ... 

Artemisia Absinthium — dried herb, recent, Germany 

Artemisia Absinthium — dried herb, a year old, Germany 

Artemisia Absinthium — dried herb, 3 years old, Germany 

Artemisia ? Wormseed of commerce ... 

Artemisia ? Levant wormseed .... 

Calamus aromaticus — fresh root, Germany ... 

Calamus aromaticus — recently dried, Germany - - - 

Calamus aromaticus — long dried, Germany ... 

Carum Carui — dried fruit of French commerce - - - 

Carum Carui — dried fruit of German commerce 
Carum Carui, do. do. ... 

Carum Carui, do. do. ... 

Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves, Bourbon ... 

Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves, Cayenne ... 

Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves, do. ... 

Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves, Molucca : French commerce - 
Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves, do. English commerce - 
Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves, average, German commerce - 
Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves, finest, do. 

Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves; German commerce 
Cinnamomum zeylanicum — cinnamon of commerce 
Cinnamomum Cassia — cassia bark of commerce 
Citrus Aurantium — Sweet orange flowers, 1 May, Nice 
Citrus vulgaris — Bitter orange flowers, 7 May, Nice 
Citrus vulgaris, do. do. 12 May, Carmet 

Citrus vulgaris, do. do. 16 July, Paris 

Citrus vulgaris, do. do. 14 Dec, Paris 

Citrus Aurantium — rind of 100 oranges, by expression 
Citrus Aurantium, do. by distillation 

Citrus vulgaris — rind of 100 oranges, by expression 
Citrus vulgaris, do. by distillation 

Citrus Limetta — rind of 100 limes, by distillation 



Ra. 


0.38 


Vo. 


7.70 


0.S to 


4.80 


Ra. 


4.50 


Ra. 


0.75 


Ra. 


1.38 


Bl. 


4.50 


Steer. 


5.33 


Steer. 


3.0 


Ra. 


9.00 


Ra. 


3.3S 


Ra. 


12.0 


Da. 


30.0 


Ra. 


2.0 


Ma. 


16.0 


Bl. 


S.75 


Ma. 


5.0 


Ra. 


3.0 


Vo. 


10.8 


Ma. 


16.0 


Bl. 


17.5 


Da. 


14.3 


Ra. 


50.12 


Ma. 


66.5 


Da. 


46.6 


Vo. 


70.0 


Ra. 


144.0 


Ra. 


152.0 


Bl. 


125.0 


Ra. 


148.0 


Ra. 


112.5 


Vo. 


226.0 


Da. 


250.0 


Steer. 


272.0 


Ra. 


1.56 


Ra. 


12.0 


Ra. 


5.0 


Ra. 


5.9 


Ra. 


4.12 


Ra. 


0.9 


Ra. 


6.5 


Ra. 


2.5 


Ra. 


2.75 


Ra. 


4.0 


Ra. 


4.25 


Ra. 


2.12 



OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 



459 



Citrus Bergamium — rind of 100 bergamots, by distillation 

Citrus Limonum — rind of 100 lemons, by expression 

Citrus Limonum, do. by distillation 

Cochlearia Armoracia — fresh seeds -■.— ■- 

Coriandrum sativum — dry fruit of French commerce 

Coriandrum sativum — dry fruit of German commerce 

Croton Eleutheria — cascarilla bark - 

Cum i num. Cyminum — dry fruit of French commerce 

Cuminum Cyminum — dry fruit of German commerce 

Daucus Carota — dry fruit .... 

Daucus Carota — fresh root - 

Dracocephalum moldavicum — flowering herb 

Drimys Winteri — Winter's bark (probably, however, only Canell 

Eugenia Pimenta — pimenta berries, Jamaica 

Foeniculum officinale — dry fruit of French commerce 

Foeniculum officinale — dry fruit of German commerce - 

Foeniculum officinale, do. do. 

Foeniculum officinale. do. do. 

Foeniculum officinale — flowering herb, Grasse 

Foeniculum officinale — herb after flowering, Grasse 

Galipea officinalis — Cuspariabark of commerce 

Genista canadensis — Rhodium-wood ... 

Geum urbanum — dry roots - 

Hyssopus officinalis — flowering herb, Grasse 

Illicium anisatum — star anise-fruit ... 

Illicium anisatum — star-anise-fruit - 

Juniperus communis — green berries, 12 Sept. 

Juniperus communis — ripe berries, 1 Dec, France 

Juniperus communis, do. fresh, Germany 

Juniperus communis, do. a year old, Germany 

Juniperus communis, do. a year old, Germany 

Juniperus Sabina — fresh twigs, 5 March, Grasse 

Juniperus Sabina — fresh twigs, 2 Oct., Paris 

Juniperus Sabina — dried twigs, recent, Germany 

Juniperus Sabina — dried twigs, a year old, Germany 

Larix Cedrus — fresh cedar wood, Paris - 

Larix Cedrus — cedar wood of commerce 

Laurus nobilis — fresh leaves, 26 Jan., Paris 

Laurus nobilis — leaves some years dried, Germany 

Laurus nobilis, ( fresh leaves, ) poor soil, low site 

Laurus nobilis, < early in Oct. > poor soil, high site 

Laurus nobilis, (_ near Edinb. j very fine soil, low site 

Lavandula vera — flowering herbs, 2 Aug., Grasse 

Lavandula vera, do. 2 Aug., Grasse, north 

Lavandula vera — flowering herb, 26 July, Soureillas 

Lavandula vera — herb after flowering, 26 Sept., Soureillas 

Lavandula Spica — fresh herb, 24 July, Paris 

Lavandula Spica — fresh herb, 4 Aug., Grasse 

Lavandula Stoechas — dried spikes 

Ligusticum Levisticum — fresh herb, Pan's 

Melissa officinalis — fresh flowering herb 

Mentha piperita — fresh tops in flower, Grasse 

Mentha piperita — fresh tops in flower, Paris 

Mentha piperita — dried tops in flower, Germany 

Mentha piperita — dried tops in flower, Germany 

Mentha Pulegium — fresh flowering herb 

Myristica moschata — mace of commerce, finest - 

Myristica moschata, do. fine 

Myristica moschata, do. worm-eaten 

Myristica moschata — nutmegs of commerce, fine 

Myristica moschata, do. worm-eaten 

Myrtus communis — fresh leaves, September 20, Grasse 

Myrtus communis — fresh leaves, September 6, Paris 

in Majorana — fresh flowering herb, August 3, Grasse 
Origanum Majorana do. August 3, Paris 

Origanum vulgare do. September 15, Paris 

Pimpinella Anisum — dry fruit of French commerce 
Pimpinella Anisum — dry fruit, new, German commerce 
Pimpinella Anisum — dry fruit, old, do. 

Pimpinella Anisum — dry fruit of do. 



exposure 



ilba) 



Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Da. 

Bl. 
Ra. 

Bl. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ma. 

Bl. 
Da. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Da. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Do. 
Mi 

Bl. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ma. 
Ma. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 

Bl. 
Chr. 
Chr. 
Chr. 
Ra. 
R; 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 

Bl. 
Ma. 
Ra. 
Vo. 

Bl. 

Bl. 

Bl. 

Bl. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ra. 
Ma. 
Ma. 
Vo. 



17.12 

11.5 

9.12 

9.0 

15.0 

7.62 
12.5 
6.43 
1.12 
0.25 
6.25 
3.40 
15.62 
21.0 
1.0 
154.0 
125.0 
65.6 
108.25 
64.1 
4.5 
2.5 
8.5 
4.4 
0.4 
35.12 
37.5 
27.0 
25.0 



460 



OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 



Pimpinella Anisum — dry fruit of German commerce ... 
Piper Cubeba — Cubebs of French commerce .... 
Piper nigrum — White pepper of French commerce 
Piper nigrum — Black pepper of do. do. - 

Primus Lauro-cerasus — fresh leaves, November 23, Paris 
Primus Lauro-cerasus, ( fresh leaves ~) undeveloped. June 7 - 
from the same I half-grown, June 7 - 
plants: near /"full-grown, 8 weeks on tree, July 15 
Edinburgh, ) 12 months on tree, June 2 
fresh leaves of the same ) 3 months on the tree 
plant, 1 Sept., 1836, Edin. 5 15 months on the tree 
n — lesser cardamoms - 



Prunus Lauro-cerasus, 

Primus Lauro-cerasus, 

Prunus Lauro-cerasus, 

Prunus Lauro-cerasus, 

Prunus Lauro-cerasus, 

Renealmia Cardamom 

Rosa centifolia — fresh flowers, Grasse - 

Rosmarinus officinalis — fresh flowering herb, Grasse - 

Rosmarinus officinalis, do. Paris ... 

Ruta graveolens — fresh flowering herb, 20 July, Grasse - 

Ruta graveolens, do. 28 July, Paris - 

Ruta graveolens — flowering herbs, newly dried, Germany 

Ruta graveolens — dried seeds, South of France - 

Salvia officinalis, v. minor — fresh herb, 12 Mar., Grasse - - - 

Salvia officinalis, v. minor — fresh herb, 14 June, Paris ... 

Salvia officinalis, v. major — fresh herb, 12 Mar., Grasse - - - 

Salvia officinalis, v. major — fresh herb, 14 June, Paris - - - 

Santalum album — sandal wood of commerce - 

Sinapis nigra — black-mustard-seed, Germany, 12 months old 

Sinapis nigra — black-mustard-seed, Germany, fresh - 

Sinapis nigra — black-mustard-seed, France, fresh ... 

Sinapis nigra — black-mustard-seed, France .... 

Tanacetum vulgare — fresh flowering herb, 9 July, Grasse 

Tanacetum vulgare — fresh flowering herb, 25 July, Paris 

Tanacetum vulgare — fresh tops. Germany .... 

Tanacetum vulgare — dried flowering herb, Germany - 

Thuya occidentals, ( fresh ^ aged, stunted tree; exposed. Oct. 21 

Thuya oecidentalis, J twigs (aged, vigorous; sheltered. Oct. 21 

Thuya oecidentalis, j near T young, vigorous; exposed. Oct. 9 

Thuya oecidentalis, (, Edin. ) young, vigorous; exposed; fine soil. Sept. 26 

Thymus Serpyllum — fresh flowering herb, 6 Aug., Grasse 

Thymus Serpyllum — fresh flowering herb, 5 July, Puris 

Thymus vulgaris — fresh flowering herb, 16 Aug., Grasse 

Thymus vulgaris — fresh flowering herb, 13 July, Paris - 

Valeriana officinalis — dry root, a year old, Germany ... 

Valeriana officinalis — the root, Germany .... 

Valeriana officinalis — the root, Germany .... 

Verbena odorata — fresh flowering herb, Paris - 

Zingiber officinale — dry root of commerce .... 

Volatile oils should be preserved in dark bottles, carefully closed and nearly full. 
When kept for any time, they are apt to undergo certain changes, becoming dark- 
colored, losing their agreeable odor, and growing thick and clammy. It is then neces- 
sary to re-distil them with a certain portion of water, by which the undecomposed 
portion is again obtained in a pure state. Another mode is to agitate with recently 
heated animal charcoal; this restores their clearness, and in a great measure their 
fragrance. 



Da. 


43.75 


Ra. 


19.5 


Ra. 


16.0 


Ra. 


18.12 


Ra. 


2.12 


Chr. 


10.13 


Chr. 


7.20 


Chr. 


4.96 


Chr 


1.04 


Chr. 


7.04 


Chr. 


2.24 


Ra. 


11.42 


Ra. 


0.25 


Ra. 


5.0 


Ra. 


3.5 


Ra. 


4.12 


Ra. 


0.63 


Bl. 


4.4 


Ra. 


19.0 


Ra. 


6.0 


Ra. 


2.5 


Ra. 


4.0 


Ra. 


3.05 


Ra. 


5.0 


Da. 


3.9 


Da. 


5.0 


Da. 


7.75 


Vo. 


9.1 


Ra. 


1.2 


Ra. 


5.8 


Da. 


5.0 


Bl. 


15.6 


Chr. 


10.8 


Chr. 


10.25 


Chr. 


18.25 


Chr. 


26.40 


Ra. 


5.0 


Ra. 


0.9 


Ra. 


6.5 


Ra. 


3.75 


Bl. 


30.16 


Da. 


15.0 


Vo. 


10.5 


Ra. 


3.1 


Ra. 


10.8 



Fixed Oil and Fats. — Fixed oils are obtained from the seeds of vegetables, by 
expression, by boiling the bruised seeds in water and removing the oil that rises to 
the surface, and by dissolving out the oil by means of a menstruum. 

By Expression. — This is accomplished in several ways : By means of the wedge 
press, or by a screw or hydraulic press, the former being the more generally employed. 
In almost all cases, it becomes requisite to heat the seeds gently, to render the oil 
more liquid; but care must be taken that the heat is not too great; otherwise, the oil 
will become of a dark color, and acquire an unpleasant taste. It is by this method 
that linseed and castor oils are obtained. The oil, as it comes from the press, is 
seldom pure or fit for use; it is freed from these impurities by boiling with water, and 
separating the pure oil. These oils are often colored, owing, in most cases, to heating 



OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 461 



the seeds too much; this is peculiarly the case with linseed oil, which is seldom seen 
of a light color. 

By Decoction. — This is effected by boiling the bruised seeds in water, and skimming 
off the oil as it rises to the surface. This plan is also employed in making cod-liver 
oil, as well as in the manufacture of castor oil in the West Indies. 

By Solution. — This affords a very pure oil, but is seldom employed on account of 
expense. It is, however, useful in facilitating the extraction of some of the thick and 
viscid oils. Thus, croton oil is more readily obtained by mixing the ground seeds with 
half their weight of alcohol, and, after letting the mixture stand for some time, sub- 
mitting it to pressure, and distilling off the spirit from the product. 

Solution in ether is also useful in some cases, when expense is not an object; oil 
of ergot is best obtained in this manner. 

The solid oils, as oil of cocoa, &c, require the aid of heat in their expression, and the 
ground material containing them is therefore placed between heated plates in the press. 

Animal Fats. — Formerly, the fats of many animals were employed in pharmacy; 
but, at present, those principally used are lard, suet, and beef's marrow. To render 
these fit for pharmaceutic purposes, the crude material is to be cut in small pieces, 
freed as much as possible from all extraneous substances, and placed in a boiler with 
water, and heated until it is fused; the heat is continued till the water has evaporated, 
and the fluid fat is then strained. These fats are best preserved by being run into 
" jars, and kept from the action of the air. 



Alkaloids. — The vegetable alkaloids may be obtained by a variety of processes ; 
but these invariably comprehend decomposition of the alkaloidal salt in the crude 
drug, either by the superior affinity of an alkali, earth, or alkaline carbonate, or by 
double decomposition with some compound salt whose base forms an insoluble salt 
with the acid in the drug. Active neutral principles — such as narcotin from opium, 
piperin from white pepper, picrotoxin from cocculus indieus, and elaterin from elate- 
rium — may be obtained through the agency of such simple solvents as water, rectified 
spirit, and sulphuric ether, used singly or successively. But no alkaloid can be thus 
detached. 

The solutions from which vegetable alkaloids are prepared are, in general, obtained 
best by the method of percolation, or displacement. Some experience is required to 
apply this process in all cases with success. But, when well performed, it is greatly 
superior in general to any other mode of extracting the active matters of vegetable 
drugs, in cases in which the liquid used is spirituous or ethereal; and it is often not 
less advantageous in the instance of water, as well as acidulous fluids. The pre- 
cautions for applying it successfully has been considered under the head of tinctures. 

Spirits arc alcoholic solutions of volatile principles obtained by distillation. 

When spirit is distilled with aromatic vegetables which contain volatile oil, the oil, 
for the most part, rises with the spirituous vapor, and condenses along with it in a state 
of solution. In some cases, the volatile oil rises with the vapor of strong spirit, so 
that alcohol may be employed for the purpose; and this is occasionally necessary for 
keeping the oil of the distilled spirit in solution. In other instances, the oil does not 
begin to pass over until watery vapor also passes in considerable proportion with the 
spirituous vapor; so that diluted alcohol is required for the process. 

For most medicinal purposes, but especially the present, the menstruum should be 
made by diluting alcohol with water. 

The best apparatus for preparing distilled spirits is that represented at page 118, 
fig. 115, Procter's edition of Mohr and Redwood's Practical Pharmacy. It has 
been proposed to prepare them by distillation io a vacuum-still j but many volatile 
oils will not rise with spirit-vapor at, the low temperature at which spirit boils in a 
vacuum. 

These preparations, like distilled waters, may be obtained cither from crude vege- 
table substances, or from their volatile oils. They are seldom, however, of such fine 
aroma when prepared in the latter as in the former way, unless care be taken to 
employ those volatile oils only which have been recently as well as carefully distilled. 



462 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 

Essences differ from spirits in being volatile substances dissolved in alcohol; but 
this name is generally applied to solutions of the volatile oils. 

Troches, or Lozenges, are small, dry, solid masses, consisting of powders incor- 
porated with sugar and mucilage. Some writers include under this name drop>s and 
pastes, making the following distinction between them : — 

Lozenges, when the principal basis is sugar, and when the ingredients are combined 
without the aid of heat. 

Drops, when the principal basis is sugar, but when the ingredients are combined 
with the aid of heat. 

Pastes, when the principal basis is principally a vegetable juice or pulp, and when 
the mixture is of a soft consistence. 

Lozenges are much more employed in Europe than in this country as a mode of 
administering medicines. In making them, the sugar is employed in a powdered state ; 
the more active ingredients added in powder, or in a liquid state ; and the whole mixed 
into a paste by the addition of mucilage. The mucilage generally used is that of 
tragacanth, as being more tenacious than that of gum Arabic. After the ingredients 
are properly incorporated, the paste is rolled out into a uniform sheet on a marble 
slab, previously sprinkled with some powdered starch to prevent adhesion, and cut 
into small cakes by means of a punch. These cakes are then to be placed on sieves, 
and kept in a drying-room until they have become perfectly dry and hard, when they 
are to be sifted, and kept in well-closed bottles. 

Drops are formed from coarsely-powdered sugar, to which the flavoring or medicinal 
ingredients are added in a liquid state, so as to moisten the sugar. The mixture is 
then melted in a proper vessel, over a clear fire, after which the melted mass should 
be allowed to drop in small portions on a marble slab or greased metallic plate, and, 
when cold, removed, and kept like lozenges. 

Pastes are usually formed of inspissated vegetable juices, or decoctions, with the 
addition of sugar, gum, &c. These are to be brought to a proper consistence, and the 
mixture poured into flat, shallow moulds, or rolled out, as in the case of lozenges, and 
divided into pieces of the desired size. 

Inhalations. — These have, at different times, been much in vogue as a means of 
combating disease, especially complaints of the respiratory organs. Within the last 
few years, much interest has been excited relative to this mode of administering 
medicinal agents, from the remarkable anaesthetic effects caused by the inhalation of 
the vapor of ether and chloroform. The simplest form of using either of these is 
by pouring the requisite quantity on a hollow sponge, and applying this over the 
mouth of the patient. Various forms of inhaling apparatus have been invented, 
which will be found described in Mohr and Redwood's Pharmacy, 585-9, with 
directions for their use. 



EXTERNAL REMEDIES. 

Baths. — By the term bath is meant the complete or partial immersion of the body 
in a fluid or gaseous medium, differing, in some circumstances, from that to which it 
has been accustomed. In order to obtain the full efficacy of a bath, without injurious 
consequences, its temperature should be regulated, and particularly prescribed, by the 
physician ordering it. The following temperatures are those given by Dr. Forbes in 
the Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine: — 

Cold Bath between 

Cool Bath « 

Temperate Bath - " 

Tepid Bath « 

Warm Bath .'--.. " 

Hot Bath " 



83° 


and 60° 


F. 


64° 


and 75° 


P. 


75° 


and 85° 


P. 


S5° 


and 92° 


F. 


92° 


and 98° 


F. 


08° 


and 112 


o p. 



OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 463 

The effects of these different baths on the system are very dissimilar, according to 
their temperature, and the time during which the patient is subjected to their influence. 

Cold Bath. — When a person plunges into a cold bath, he is first sensible of a 
sudden sensation of cold upon the surface, accompanied by an oppression of breathing, 
causing this function to be performed in convulsive gasps. This is called the shock, 
and is caused by a rapid contraction of the cutaneous capillaries, and a retrocession of 
the blood to the lungs and other internal organs. In a short time, the difficulty of 
breathing disappears, the temperature becomes agreeable, and if the person now leaves 
the water, a warmth of the surface comes on, termed the glow, succeeded by a sense 
of invigoration of the whole system. Should the person remain in the water for too 
long a time, another train of symptoms manifest themselves : the sensation of cold 
soon attains to an unpleasant degree of chilliness, followed by rigors; a bluish tint is 
perceptible on the surface of the body; the blood accumulates in the internal organs; 
and, on leaving the water, there is no reaction, or a very feeble one, the surface remain- 
ing cold, the extremities benumbed ; and headache, difficult respiration, often pain in 
the chest, ensue, with a sense of depression and lassitude. The use of proper means 
will often remove these symptoms; but they may lead to a variety of diseases of the 
internal organs. 

The objects, in prescribing a cold bath, are the production of a sudden and powerful 
impression on the nervous system, and the tonic influence it exercises when followed 
by due reaction. In the first of these, it has been found useful in certain affections 
where there is a derangement of the functions of sensation, of motion or sensation 
unattended with a congestive or inflammatory condition of the internal organs; but it 
is more frequently ordered to fulfil the second indication. 

It is always contra-indicated when, from debility, the system does not react so as to 
produce a glow ; when there is a tendency to congestion of the cerebral vessels, or any 
serious organic affection of the heart, lungs, or kidneys. In all cases, it is advan- 
tageous, before taking the cold bath, to take such exercise as will raise the circulation, 
without occasioning fatigue or perspiration, for reaction is almost certain to follow the 
immersion, except when the person has remained in the water too long a time. The 
period of immersion should not exceed five minutes. 

Cool Bath. — The action and uses of this are similar to the last, but are less power- 
ful. It is, therefore, better calculated for those who are much debilitated. 

Temperate Bath. — As the temperate bath is of a temperature closely approaching 
that of the body, the shock and subsequent reaction are almost wanting. It is, there- 
fore, much more employed for purposes of comfort and cleanliness than as a remedial 
agent. In delicate persons, it should always be used instead of the cold or cool bath, 
and is always better suited to very young children than lower temperatures. 

Tepid Bath. — This is intermediate in operation between the temperate and the 
warm bath, and varies in effects and uses according to the temperature. In perfect 
health, it should not be used as an habitual indulgence; but, for the purposes of clean- 
liness, an occasional recurrence to it allows of a more perfect ablution than can be 
effected by cooler baths. It is better to use it about noon, when the first process of 
digestion of the morning meal is over, and immediately afterwards to take brisk 
exercise in the open air. In cases of fatigue and febrile irritation, from over-exertion 
or a long journey, the tepid bath is generally found very beneficial. It is also service- 
able to persons of sedentary habits, &c. In all such cases, however, it is not to be 
employed immediately after a meal, or when the individual is unduly excited, cither 
mentally or corporeally. In one class of complaints, those dependent on gastric irrita- 
tion, the tepid, or even the warm bath proves of much service. 

WARM BATH. — The first effect of a warm bath is to produce a sensation of heat 
upon the surface, and to increase the pulse in quickness and fulness, though in most cases 
to diminish its tenseness. The cutaneous circulation more especially becomes affected, 



464 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 

and the body is increased in bulk, as shown by the increased pressure of ligatures, 
or of rings upon the fingers. The secondary effects, when the immersion is continued 
for some time, are muscular relaxation, sometimes to a considerable degree; even after 
leaving the bath, a disposition to lassitude continues for some time, with a tendency 
to perspiration. 

The remedial effects of a warm bath depend on its temperature, the time a patient 
remains in it, and the subsequent treatment. The medium time for remaining in the 
bath is from twenty to twenty-five minutes; but this must be regulated by the effect 
produced. It is beneficial in incipient catarrh, in some congestions of the internal 
organs, chronic rheumatism, and in spasmodic affections, especially those of children; 
but is contra-indicated in active fever, or when there is congestion, or a determination 
of blood to the head. 

In the convulsions of children, its effects are remarkably beneficial, as it not only 
relaxes spasm, and relieves for the moment, but soothes nervous irritation. In cases 
where the convulsions are severe, it will be found advantageous to apply cold water 
to the head. When a warm bath is administered to a child, care must be taken not 
to expose it to the cold air for the purpose of drying its body; the best plan is to 
envelop it in a warm blanket, and to place it in bed at once. By this plan, it is not 
liable to take cold, which is a common objection to the use of the warm bath for 
children. 

Hot Bath. — From its temperature being above that of the body, the hot bath is 
far more stimulating than the preceding, as evinced by the excitement of the pulse, the 
sensations of fulness in the head and throbbing of the cerebral vessels. Its use is 
principally confined to cases where it is wished to arouse nervous energy and vital 
action, as in Asiatic cholera, &c. ; or where there is a sudden retrocession of cutaneous 
diseases. It has also proved useful in certain forms of rheumatism, and paralysis. As 
the intention is mainly to induce excitement, the patient is not to be exposed to its 
action long enough to cause exhaustion. 

Whatever description of bath is ordered to be used, the original temperature is to 
be maintained during the whole time the patient remains in the water. At the end 
of some minutes, therefore, the heat should be tested by a thermometer, and, if requi- 
site, hot water added. The sensations of the bather are always a fallacious criterion. 

Shower Bath. — This is a modification of the cold affusion, being attended with 
the same effects, but in a less degree. The short duration of it renders it less refri- 
gerant than the cold bath, and causes the primary shock to be the most important part 
of the influence it exercises, which may be modified by increasing or diminishing 
the temperature of the water, or that of the height from which the fluid falls. It is 
used either cold or tepid. The former is most advantageous when the powers 
of the system are sufficient to cause a reaction, that results in a glow on the 
surface, soon after using the bath; but, where this is not the case, as in debilitated 
individuals, the temperature is to be increased. It is adapted for those cases where 
a powerful impression is wished to be made upon the nervous system, as in chorea, 
hysteria, &c, and is also of much benefit to persons subject to determination to the 
head. In such cases, it is found advantageous to make the patient stand in hot water 
at the time of taking the bath. The reaction following its use is much promoted by 
using friction to the surface. The improved and portable shower baths, now to be 
procured, obviate many of the objections to its use which formerly existed. For 
children, the best and most convenient apparatus that can be employed is one de- 
scribed by Dr. A. T. Thomson. {Domestic Management of the Sick Room.) 

" It consists of a hollow vessel made of tin, with a perforated bottom. The body 
of the vessel is of a bell-shape, with a hollow tube rising from the top, and terminat- 
ing in a broad perforated rim. When the bath is to be used, it must be sunk in a 
bucket of water, until it is completely submerged; the air is thus driven out of the 
bath, through the tube, and the bath filled with water. The thumb of an attendant 
is then to be placed on the opening in the centre of the rim, and the bath raised from 
the bucket of water. The pressure of air upon the holes in the .bottom retains the 



OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 465 

water in the bath ; and, on raising the thumb from the upper orifice, the whole is 
rapidly discharged. In using it, the child must be placed in an empty tub, and the 
bath, being held over his head, is then to be discharged; and the child immediately 
afterwards dried, with friction. When salt water is used for this bath, the hair 
should be kept dry, by means of an oil skin cap." 

Local Baths. — These are most frequently used warm. The most common are 
the hiji-lath and foot-bath. They are principally employed as revulsives. The first 
has been found a valuable remedy in diseases of the womb, and in irritations of the 
pelvic organs. Where it is employed merely to soothe pain, the temperature should 
not exceed 80° to 90°, and the patient is to remain in it for some time; but when it 
is intended to excite the uterus to greater action, it should be as hot as can be borne 
by the patient, though the continuance in it should not exceed ten to fifteen minutes. 
The hot foot-bath should be of as high a temperature as can be borne, so as to redden 
the skin of the immersed parts effectually. The vessel used should be sufficiently deep 
to allow the legs to be immersed nearly to the knees. It is a valuable remedy in the 
early stages of catarrh, and local congestions of the head, chest, or abdomen ; and in 
the dyspnoea accompanying hypertrophy of the heart, it has often proved very bene- 
ficial. It may be rendered more stimulating by the addition of common salt, carbon- 
ate of potassa, or flour of mustard. In torpid states of the liver, a mixture of nitric 
and muriatic acids, in the proportion of about an ounce of each to every gallon of 
water, often proves highly useful. 

Vapor Bath. — This consists in either wholly enveloping the patient in the steam 
of hot water, or merely his body, or some of its parts. A much more elevated tem- 
perature can thus be borne than where the body is immersed in water, and its action 
is more confined to the skin; hence, although less stimulating, it is more diapho- 
retic than the hot bath. Where the vapor is inhaled, the heated surface being extended, 
it i3 more powerful in its effects. It has proved of great benefit where an active 
revulsion to the surface is indicated, and also in the treatment of cutaneous diseases. 
It can be applied with little trouble. All that is required is that the patient be seated 
on a chair with a vessel of hot water placed beside him, and the whole enveloped with 
a blanket, to be thrown over his head if the vapor is to be breathed, or pinned around 
his neck where this is not the case. The steam soon surrounds his body, and causes 
a copious perspiration; and, should it cease too soon to be evolved, its generation may 
be restored by dropping a heated brick or stone into the water. Where the vapor is 
not respired, it may bo used of a higher temperature. 

Warm Air Bath is more stimulating than the vapor bath, producing — especially 
where the warm air is also breathed — general uneasiness, heat of skin, excitement of 
the pulse, until a general perspiration ensues. It is readily administered even to 
persons in bed. The bedclothes are to be elevated by a light frame, and the heated 
air admitted by means of a tube. It has been found beneficial in chronic rheuma- 
tism, and was at one time much praised in the collapsed stage of cholera. 

Douches consist in the forcible application of a stream of hot or cold water to a 
part of the body, in such a manner that the force of the stream of the fluid' shall aid 
the stimulant effect. The hot douche may be formed by pouring from a height hot 
water from a tea-kettle, or through a tube about an inch and a half in diameter, so as 
to cause the fluid to strike forcibly upon the affected part of the body, whilst at the 
same time percussion is employed ; or, in other words, the part is beaten by means 
of an Indian rubber bottle, stuffed with wool, and affixed to a cane handle. 

A temperature of 1G0° is readily borne in douching. When the disease is chronic 

rheumatism, or when deep-seated pains are to be removed, the douching should be 

continued for cither half or three-quarters of an hour at a time ; and the patient 

should be afterwards placed in bed between blankets, in order to encourage sweat- 

80 



466 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 

ing. Tlic most decisive advantage, in enlarged, stiff, and painful joints, results from 
this mode of douching. 

In cases of complicated fevers, and in some other diseases, in which inflammation 
of the brain occurs, the cold douche is frequently ordered. The mode of applying it 
consists in pouring a stream of cold water on the shaved head. The patient should 
be raised in bed, and the head held over a basin, or other vessel, whilst a stream of 
cold water is directed on the crown, and the fall of the water gradually increased. 
After this, the head should be merely dried, but not rubbed. It not only soothes the 
patient, but often induces sleep, although it usually causes a most uncomfortable feeling 
at first; but relief is so quickly experienced, that its repetition is generally requested 
by the invalid. 

A vapor douche is very stimulating, and when of a high temperature, and con- 
tinued for any time, will cause vesication. It may be used as a counter-irritant instead 
of moxa. 

Medicated Batiis are such as contain medicinal agents in solution in the water, 
and are used both topically and generally. Saline, acid, and alkaline substances, with 
iodine and sulphur, are the materials most commonly employed. Medicated baths 
are sometimes natural, as those of sea water, and certain mineral springs; others 
consist of solutions of various articles, artificially prepared. Of the medicated baths, 
sea water is the most generally used, more, however, for pleasure, than for remedial 
purposes. It is not only stimulating, on account of its saline constituents, and its use 
followed by a perfect glow, but these constituents also exert a medicinal action on the 
system, in certain diseases of debility. The nitromuriatic bath has been found useful 
in diseases of the liver; and alkaline, ioduretted, and alkaline sulphuretted baths, are 
advantageously employed in many forms of cutaneous disease. 

Medicated vapor baths are prepared by impregnating aqueous vapor with the vola- 
tile principles of medicinal plants, though it is very doubtful whether they produce any 
effects that cannot be obtained from the simple vapor bath. But the fumes of sulphur, 
chlorine, camphor, mercury, &c.,in combination with aqueous vapor, have been found 
to exert powerful effects on the system, and to be very effectual in the cure of certain 
diseases. 

Affusion. — This consists in pouring or dashing a quantity of water on the body, 
or a portion of the body, from an inconsiderable height, most generally for the purpose 
of reducing its temperature; but it is also employed as a revulsive agent, and to give an 
impulse to the nervous system. x\ffusions are made with cold or tepid water. Cold 
affusion is one of the most powerful general means of abstracting caloric from the body, 
we possess; it not only lessens the temperature of the surface, but it diminishes the 
action of the heart. It has been successfully employed in the treatment of fevers, but 
its use requires much judgment, as respects the time of its application, which, according 
to Currie and others, is, " when there is no sense of chilliness present, when the heat 
of the skin is steadily above what is natural, and when there is no general or profuse 
perspiration." It should not be employed either in the cold or sweating stage of 
fever, or in the hot stage where the heat does not much exceed the natural standard. 
Erom inattention to these circumstances, and from patients being injured by its 
effects, affusion is not at present often resorted to in the treatment of fevers. In 
scarlatina and some other of the exanthemata, it has been employed with benefit, 
to reduce the morbid heat of skin. It is, however, more relied upon in inflammatory 
diseases of the brain; in these cases, the water is to be poured upon the head, inclined 
over a basin or tub, by means of a pitcher. In children, it is sufficient to squeeze a 
large sponge, previously saturated with cold water, at some height above the head. 
Where a general affusion is deemed necessary, the patient should be taken out of bed, 
his head having been previously shaved ; and, being stripped naked, and placed on a 
stool in an empty tub, from three to jive gallons of water, at a temperature not under 
40° Fahr., should be thrown over him. This affusion should be repeated until 
he feels cold, or rather until a rigor or shivering, or even chattering of the teeth, is 



OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 467 

experienced. He should then be dried, placed in bed, and a little warm wine and 
water administered to him, to aid the reaction and the consequent perspiration. 

But in cases where the invalid faints on raising him into the erect position ; where 
he feels chilly, although the thermometer indicates a high febrile temperature ; where 
the skin is bedewed with perspiration; where the patient is a woman, and the monthly 
change is present ; or where the operation is dreaded, it ought not to be employed. 
The evening is the best time for using the cold affusion. 

Cool affusion is sometimes used instead of the cold, and is preferable for weak, irri- 
table individuals. Tepid affusion is also beneficial in certain cases; especially where 
there is a fear that perfect reaction will not take place after the application of cold 
water; or where disease of the pulmonary organs exists. It has been found very effi- 
cacious in scarlatina, as also in hectic fever. Warm affusion has likewise been used ; 
but its effects are far more temporary than tbose of the warm bath. 

Sponging. — The object of sponging the body, either with cold or with tepid water, 
is to reduce the heat of the surface by means of evaporation, with the view of soften- 
ing the pulse and diminishing its frequency; of rendering the skin perspirable; of 
relieving headache, checking delirium, and promoting sleep. In order to perform it 
well, the patient should be taken out of bed; and, being undressed and placed in a 
chair, two or three persons should, at the same time, pass large sponges, wet with 
simple cold or tepid water, or vinegar and water, rapidly over different portions of the 
naked body, until the whole of it shall have been successively sponged, and a chill has 
come over the patient, who is then to be dried and placed in bed. 

This appears to be a simple process; but it requires both caution and judgment to 
determine on its use, and to render it not only salutary, but free from danger. For 
example, if, notwithstanding the continuance of great heat and dryness of the skin, a 
sensation of chilliness comes over the patient when the sponging is about to be done, 
the operation should bo delayed ; neither should it be done if the smallest tendency to 
perspiration, indicated by moisture in the axillse, or on the palms of the hands, displays 
itself. But, if it has been done, and if partial relief has been obtained, if the heat 
of the skin returns, and the pulse rises, it may again be resorted to and repeated. 

But, besides the advantages to be obtained from sponging, during the presence of 
disease, it is also productive of great benefit in warding ofi' diseases, or in a prophy- 
lactic point of view. The sponging, however, under such circumstances, is to be per- 
formed in a different manner from that which has been described. 

In those predisposed to asthma and to bronchitis, known in ordinary language by the 
term cold, or cough, and in those, also, who are predisposed to croup, nothing is 
so serviceable in warding off" the paroxysm of the former disease, or in preventing the 
attack of the latter malady, as cold and tepid sponging of the chest and the trunk of 
the body. It is also equally serviceable during dentition in infants, and as a general 
tonic in delicate conditions of the habit. In these cases, it should be followed by 
gentle friction over the surface of the body. 

Sponging the body, as a prophylactic, or as a tonic, is always most efficacious when 
it is performed whilst the patient is still in bed. Let him sit up; or, if unable to do 
so, let him be raised into the sitting position, keeping the lower limbs under the bed- 
clothes. The night-shirt or night-dress is then to be stripped down, and a large towel 
or sheet put round the waist, to prevent the bed-clothes from being wetted. The 
naked trunk of the body, and the upper part of the arms, arc then to be moistened 
with a sponge, or a piece of flannel, dipped either in cold or tepid water, or vinegar 
and water, or Bait water, as the case may demand; after which, in drying the skin, if 
water only has been used, brisk friction should be employed, so as to cause a general 
glow upon the surface. In some cases, salt and water, or vinegar and water, are 
preferable to the simple water. The best proportions are two ounces of salt, or the 
same quantity of common vinegar, to a pint of water. When these adjuncts arc used, 
friction is not required ; indeed, when salt water is employed, the skin should be dried 
with a soft, old towel, fitted to soak up the water only, and to leave the saline par- 
ticles upon the surface. 

The best time for using such spongings is just before getting out of bed in the 



468 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 



morning. They may be used in winter as well as in summer. In efficacy, they are 
certainly nearly equal to the shower-bath, which may be resorted to in vigorous habits ; 
but, when the habit is delicate, and not equal to the reaction, on which'the beneficial 
influence of the shower-bath rests, sponging is preferable. It should not be used when 
perspiration is present. 

Sponging is as beneficial as the shower-bath, in rendering the habit less susceptible 
of cold; and, when conjoined with exercise in the open air, and proper regimen, not 
only asthma, coughs, and catarrhs, may be warded off by its employment, but the pre- 
disposition to tubercular consumption may be lessened, in a very remarkable degree, 
by its daily employment. 

Fomentations. — These may be regarded as a species of local bathing. Although 
the decoctions usually employed are useful in aiding warmth, by their soothing or 
sedative influence, yet they are secondary objects in the application of fomentations, 
the intention being to convey heat, combined with moisture, to the part fomented. 
Flannel cloths, wrung out of boiling water, by means of two sticks turned in opposite 
directions, form the best fomentations. If they be shaken up, and laid lightly over 
the part, they involve a considerable quantity of air, which, being a bad conductor, 
retains the heat in them for a considerable time. In every process of fomenting, there 
should be two flannels, each three yards long, with the ends sewed together, to admit 
of the boiling water being wrung out of them ; and the one flannel should be got 
ready whilst the other is applied. The fineness or the coarseness of the flannel is not 
a matter of indifference : the coarser it is, the less readily does it conduct heat, and 
the longer it retains its warmth; therefore, it is more efficient for fomenting. White 
flannel also retains the heat longer than colored flannel. 

Stuping is a variety of fomentation useful in many cases, but especially in affec- 
tions of the eyes. The patient should be his own operator. He should sit up in bed, 
and should place, in the hollow of his hand, a small piece of flannel, wrung out of 
boiling water, and hold the hand at such a distance under the eyes that the vapors 
may rise to them — changing the flannel as often as it ceases to give out warm vapor. 
If narcotic or sedative additions are directed, they should be poured hot upon the flan- 
nel, each time it is changed. 

Cataplasms, or Poultices, are modifications of fomentations; they generally con- 
sist of pulpy substances capable of absorbing much moisture, and of such consistence 
as to be applied accurately to any surface, however irregular. Their action, in most 
cases, depends upon the liquids with which they are moistened and the heat retained 
by the mass. Cataplasms may be emollient, medicated, or revulsive. 

Emollient Cataplasms are usually made of bread and water, linseed meal, Indian 
meal, slippery elm, &c, and water; or of mashed vegetable substances, such as carrots, 
and marshmallows. 

As warmth and moisture are the principal effects of emollient poultices, an excellent 
substitute for them is lint, dipped in warm water, and laid over the diseased part; the 
lint should be covered with a towel, in order to prevent evaporation. This mode is 
much neater and more cleanly than any poultice, and where merely warmth and 
moisture are required, it will answer all the purposes intended. A peculiar fabric, 
called spongio-pilinc, consisting principally of sponge, has lately been invented in 
England, which is said to answer very well, when properly imbued with hot water, 
as a substitute for the simple emollient poultice. 

The addition of a little lard is useful, if the poultice does not require to be fre- 
quently changed. When the object, however, is to promote suppuration, the poultice 
should be frequently renewed, in which case the addition of the lard is unnecessary. 

Poultices should never be heavy, nor very bulky, but they should be frequently 
repeated. They are useful, in all cases of inflammation which cannot be backed, to 
assist the suppurative process and the advancement of the matter to the surface. 
After an abscess is opened, the poultices should still be continued for a few days. 
Poultices may be used, also, as fomentations in colic, and in inflammation of the 



OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 469 

* 

bowels. In such cases, however, as the chief object is to allay pain and to soothe, 
they should be made with a decoction of poppy-heads, instead of water. 

Medicated Cataplasms are those in which to the simple emollient poultice are added 
other ingredients, intended to exercise an influence on the part independent of mere 
warmth and moisture; as, for instance, the fermented poultice, in which yeast forms 
a constituent; the charcoal poultice, and various others enumerated in the Formulary, 
all intended to fulfil certain indications. 

Revulsive Cataplasms are those which, by inducing a local irritation or inflam- 
mation of the parts to which they are applied, act as derivatives. To this class 
belong mustard poultices, or Sinapisms, Cayenne pepper, garlic poultices, &c. 

Mustard poultices are made by mixing the flour of mustard, of the shops, with 
water, into the consistence of a paste. When it is wished to have a weaker prepara- 
tion, wheaten, rye, or linseed flour is to be added to the mustard in such proportions 
as are deemed sufficient. The water used should be tepid, or merely warm; a boiling 
temperature is injurious, as it tends to coagulate the albumen of the mustard, and 
thus to prevent the extrication of the volatile oil, which is the active principle. 
Vinegar is often used, but never increases the energy of the preparation, and, in the 
case of the black mustard, diminishes its power. This poultice should be spread 
thickly on a rag, as soon as it is prepared, and covered with gauze or tissue paper, in 
order to prevent adhesion to the skin. In a few minutes after it is applied, the 
sinapism causes a sensation of heat, which increases to almost intolerable burning. 
After some time, the pain subsides, and is followed by a sense of weight and throb- 
bing of the arteries. If the sinapism be left on, however, the burning pain again 
returns, and becomes so great, that few persons can bear the action of a mustard 
cataplasm longer than three quarters of an hour. 

In delicate, sensitive people, the sinapism need not remain applied above six or 
eight minutes, as the effect continues some time after its removal. If it remain too 
long on, gangrene may supervene; this cannot happen unless the invalid be insen- 
sible, as too much pain is felt to permit the lengthened application of a sinapism ; 
but, in cases of stupor or insensibility, or in low fevers, a sinapism, if left on longer than 
an hour, may cause both vesication and gangrene. If the redness only is required, 
the pain may be moderated by mixing with the paste a drachm of tincture of opium, 
or two drachms of tincture of henbane, neither of which, although they allay the pain, 
diminishes the rubefacient activity of the sinapism. 

As a substitute for the mustard poultice, where mere external irritation is required, 
the capsicum or red pepper will answer admirably, and it has the advantage of not 
vesicating : it may be used as a poultice, by mixing the powder with bread and milk, 
or Indian meal, or as a lotion mixed with warm spirits. 

Lotions, Liniments, Embrocations, are medicines of a more or less fluid 
character, which are employed as external applications. They may be used as mere 
fomentations to soothe pain and remove inflammation, as a mode of introducing 
medicinal substances into the system, or as revulsive agents, according to their nature 
and composition. Liniments, which generally contain oily constituents, are usually 
aided by friction of the part to which they are applied, either with the hand alone, or 
with some article capable of exciting some irritation of the skin, as a piece of flannel 
or a soft flesh brush. In many cases, in which liniments are found beneficial, the 
advantage obtained from them is attributable rather to the friction than to any 
medicinal power in the lotion itself. 

Frictim is, whether simple or conjoined with liniments, are frequently important 
aide to medical treatment. Simple friction is performed by the hand alone, or with 
a piece of flannel, a hair glove, or a flesh brush. If it be properly performed — namely, 
by short, brisk strokes with the tip of the fingers, and with great celerity, when the 
naked hand is the agent; and if it bo continued for an hour or upwards, and repeated 
several times a-day — its influence in reducing swelled glands and swellings of the 
joints, as well as in alleviating rheumatic pains, is very great; but, besides being well 
performed, the friction should be continued for half an hour, in order to render it 
useful. 



470 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 

Friction, when performed in a gentle, slow, and equable manner, by producing a 
continued repetition of an agreeable impression on the nervous system, acts as a soother 
of pain, independent of any aid from opiate liniments, and also induces sleep. The 
beneficial influence depends, in a great measure, on its transferring the attention of 
the sufferer from the seat of pain, and confining it to the mild and agreeable sensation 
impressed by the friction. In performing it, the operator should sit by the side of 
the bed, and, introducing the hand under the bed-clothes, rub the legs or the arms 
gently, with equally lengthened but slow movements. When the invalid is a child, 
its influence is more powerful when aided by a monotonous, but a soft tune, which, 
although it operates upon a distinct sense, yet, by combination, renders the friction 
more soporific. 

When friction is intended to stimulate the surface, it is necessary to aid its influence 
by liniments containing ammonia, or camphor, or some other excitant or acrid sub- 
stance : but these should be ordered by the medical attendant. In applying them, 
the same method should be adopted as when simple friction is employed; but the 
hand of the operator must be guarded by a glove from the influence of the acrimony 
of the liniment. 

Friction is also used to introduce various substances — namely, mercurials, iodine, 
opium, &c. — into the body through the medium of the skin. The rubbing, in such 
cases, ought to be brisk, and applied with sufficient force to abrade slightly the cuticle ; 
and continued until the substance, which is usually in the form of an ointment, dis- 
appears, owing to the absorption by the skin induced by the friction. In using such 
frictions, the hand of the operator should be guarded by a glove; otherwise, he is 
likely to suffer salivation, or some other unpleasant result, from the introduction of 
the medicinal agent into his own system. 

Vesicatories, or Blisters, have already been noticed in the introduction (p. 58), 
and do not require to be further commented upon. 

Issues are small ulcers artificially established for the purpose of procuring and 
keeping up a discharge of pus. They form an important derivative remedy in many 
diseases, and are to be formed by the following methods: The simplest is by the 
application of a small blister, which is to be dressed with some epispastic or irritating 
ointment. It is, however, difficult to prevent the sore from healing, and the discharge 
is seldom sufficiently copious. They are also formed by making incisions through the 
skin, and inserting issue peas into the wound. The best and most effectual plan is 
by the use of caustic ; this is done by means of a piece of leather, spread with adhesive 
plaster, through which a hole is made of the size of the intended issue; this is to be 
warmed and applied to the skin, so as to apply closely. The aperture is then to be 
filled with the caustic, in the form of a paste, and covered with another piece of leather, 
spread as above. These are to be left on until the skin is destroyed, and then to be 
removed and a poultice applied until the eschar separates. The late Dr. Wistar was 
in the habit of recommending the application of a small blister, and of rubbing the 
vesicated surface with caustic potassa for a few minutes. This is an expeditious and 
excellent method, as it is effectual and gives but little pain. The issue is kept open 
either by the introduction of peas, or a piece of lint smeared with the ointment of 
savine, into the wound. The peas operate by mechanical irritation; and, as they swell 
from the action of the heat and the moisture of the ulcer, they tend also to enlarge 
the wound. The peas should be changed at least once in twenty-four hours. Instead 
of the peas, it has been advised to use a small block of hard wood, with the lower 
surface cut into lozenges; these, pressing on the surface of the sore, occasion a copious 
discharge, and it will be found more convenient of application than peas. The very 
irritation, however, by which the discharge is maintained, is apt to cause fungous 
growths from the bottom of the wound, which should be kept down; this is to be 
done by dressing the issue occasionally with some escharotic, as burnt alum or red 
precipitate. Issues should be washed twice a-day with warm water; otherwise ; they 
are apt to become very offensive. 



OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 471 



Setons are wounds kept in a suppurating state by means of some foreign body, 
which prevents their healing. They are made by passing a seton needle, armed with 
a skein of silk, thread, or a slip of gum elastic, through a folded portion of the skin, 
withdrawing the needle and leaving the silk in the wound. If a seton needle cannot 
be procured, the puncture may be made with a thumb-lancet or bistoury, and the silk 
passed through the wound by means of an eyed probe. The edges of the wound are 
apt, however, after it has been discharging for some length of time, to become callous, 
and the discharge to cease. When this occurs, the irritating substance should be 
smeared with some stimulating ointment. It should be recollected that much mischief 
may result from suddenly suppressing or removing either an issue or a seton. If this 
takes place, purgatives should be administered, and the discharge of the issue or the 
seton checked as gradually as possible. 

Ointments are simple or compound fatty bodies of a soft consistence, which are 
applied to the skin by inunction. They are more consistent than liniments, but softer 
than cerates. Simple ointment consists of one part of wax and four of lard, melted 
together and thoroughly mixed. This preparation is the basis of many compound 
ointments. Compound ointments are of three kinds : one consisting of simple oint- 
ment, combined mechanically with various substances; the second, formed by dissolving 
the active ingredients in melted ointment or lard; the third, made by uniting substances 
to the fatty matters that induce a chemical action between them. 

Compound ointments of the first class are mixtures of the fatty basis with various 
solid and liquid substances ; these are incorporated by trituration in a mortar, or on a 
stone slab. When hard substances enter into the combination, they require to be 
previously reduced to a fine powder, or, if they are soluble, to be rubbed into a paste 
with an appropriate menstruum, and then admixed. When extracts form constituents 
of an ointment, if they are not of a soft consistence, they should be rendered so by 
trituration with water before they are mixed with the fatty body. The mixture of 
two or more ointments may be effected by rubbing them together on a stone slab by 
means of a spatula. 

Compound ointments of the second kind are made by boiling recent vegetable 
substances in the fatty basis, until all the water of vegetation is driven off; the heat 
should then be reduced to about that of boiling water, when the ointment is to be 
strained. Those of the third kind, as citrine ointment, arc prepared by adding the 
constituents gradually together, aided by heat and constantly stirring. 

Ointments are preserved by keeping them in glazed jars, with the surface covered 
with tin foil. According to M. Deschamps, the admixture of a twenty-fifth part of 
benzoin with the fatty matter used to make the ointment, will prevent or greatly 
retard the process of decomposition (see p. 128). In the case of simple ointment, 
and those for highly irritable surfaces, this plan answers well; where it is inexpedient, 
the ointments should be renewed at short intervals. 

Cerates consist of a basis of wax and a fatty matter, with which other sub- 
stances arc incorporated. They are of such a consistence as to be softened, but not 
melted, by the warmth of the body. The general directions for making them are 
similar to those for ointments. 

Many preparations of the present class are made by simply mixing or triturating 
their component parts together. But when resins, wax, spermaceti, or concrete oils 
are to be mixed either together or with fluid oils, it is better to unite them with the aid of 
heat, which not only liquefies the solids, but likewise renders them much more soluble 
in the liquids. Brisk agitation is required while the mixture concretes on cooling; 
otherwise, the solid ingredients will separate cither mechanically or by crystallization. 
Even in purifying lard or suet by fusion and filtration, it is right to stir the mass as 
it cools; otherwise, the stearin or solid oil is apt to separate in part from the elain or 
liquid oil, so that an irregular mixture of the two principles is obtained. A gentle 
heat is sufficient for making ointments, cerates, and the like, because most of the 
ingredients arc easily fusible ; and a strong heat must be avoided, for in that case 
acrid acids are engendered, which may alter the properties of the preparation. Ilcnco 



472 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 

— ♦ — — 
the vapor-bath is generally used for applying heat; and it ought always to be employed 
in operations on a large scale. 

When the cerate is intended to irritate and not to soothe, a high temperature may 
be employed, which, in some cases, is advantageous, as in the cerate of cantharides, 
by more effectually dissolving out the active principle. 

Plasters are more consistent than cerates, adhesive at the temperature of the 
body, and requiring the aid of heat to soften them sufficiently to be spread. They 
are of two kinds : one consisting of a compound of olive oil and litharge, or an oleo- 
margarate of lead, having the common lead plaster as a basis, united to resinous or 
other substances; the other, composed wholly of resinous matters, or these mixed with 
fatty substances or wax. 

In making plasters, in most cases, it is necessary to operate at a temperature that 
will not volatilize or carbonize the ingredients; hence, a water-bath or steam heat is 
preferred. In the case of the burnt plaster (onyuent de la mere) of the French Codex, 
sufficient heat is employed to cause the fats to fume. Plasters should be made in 
metallic vessels, much larger than will contain the substances to be operated upon, as 
the mass increases in bulk by the action of heat causing an extrication of vapors. 
The water ordered in making lead plaster should be added at the commencement of 
the process; otherwise, when poured on the melted mass, it may cause a projection of 
portions of the heated materials on the operator. The ingredients should be thoroughly 
stirred together during the process of melting. When this operation is concluded, 
the plaster is to be removed, in small portions at a time, into a vessel constantly sup- 
plied with cold water; and, when sufficiently consistent, rolled into cylinders on a wet 
marble, and again placed in cold water to harden. To render plasters of a lighter 
color, they are kneaded and pulled under water; but this process should not be prac- 
ticed on compound plasters containing substances soluble in water; nor should these 
plasters be cooled in water, but suffered to chill on a marble slab until fit to be made 
into rolls. Some of the officinal plasters belong to the second class, and are made by 
melting resinous matters with the addition of certain oleaginous substances. 

Plasters are preserved by enveloping the rolls with paper, to exclude the air as 
much as possible. When kept for any length of time, they are apt to become hard and 
brittle, and to lose their color. When this is the case, they should be re-melted by a 
gentle heat, and sufficient oil added to restore their proper consistence. 

Spreading plasters for use, requires skill and address on the part of the operator. 
They are spread on various textures, but most generally on linen or cotton cloth, or 
leather. The shape and size must be regulated by the part to which they are to be 
applied. The plaster is to be spread on the leather or cloth by means of a heated 
spatula of a peculiar form; this is brought in contact with the end of a roll, which, 
becoming liquefied, can then be evenly diffused over the surface. Where the plaster is 
sufficiently adhesive to maintain its place when applied to the body, it is to be spread 
so as to leave about half an inch of margin uncovered; but where it does not possess 
this quality in sufficient degree, it should be surrounded with an adhesive margin, 
which is to be prepared before spreading the body of the plaster. Pull and particular 
directions for spreading plasters will be found in Procter's edition of Mohr and Red- 
wood, p. 516, et seq., and to which we would refer those who wish for clear and accurate 
directions on the subject. 

Fumigations are extrications of vapors or gases, designed to modify the air of a 
sick chamber, and to mask any unpleasant odors that may be present, or to produce 
a medicinal effect on those parts of the body with which they are brought in contact. 

Fumigations, for the purpose of obviating or masking unpleasant odors in a sick 
room, should never be employed to supersede ventilation and cleanliness; for most of 
them, instead of purifying the air, only render it more unfit for respiration. They are 
generally made by burning pastilles, sugar, juniper berries, benzoin, &c, so as to create 
an odoriferous smoke. As disinfecting agents, they are utterly useless; and are relics 
of an ancient custom of burning frankincense, and other odorous substances in vitiated 
air, to overcome the fetor which is more or less present. They disguise unpleasant 



OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 473 



odors; but they accomplish nothing more. The infection remains not only unaltered 
by the diffusion of the most powerful aromatic vapors, hut its deleterious properties 
are sometimes augmented by them. 

The fumes of burning camphor, and the vapors arising from its tincture, have more 
pretensions than eitber of the above to the name of a useful article of fumigation. It 
is much employed and confided in on the Continent; but the experience both of 
American and British physicians does not warrant the opinion that it possesses any 
power of destroying infection or contagion. Nothing is more ridiculous than the 
custom, which was at one time very general, and which is still continued to a certain 
extent — namely, tbat of carrying a camphor-bag about the person, as a protection 
against infectious diseases. 

Vinegar is, not without reason, regarded as possessing some chemical influence in 
decomposing infectious and contagious matters; and, consequently, it is almost invaria- 
bly sprinkled over the floor of the rooms of those suffering under infectious diseases; 
or the vapor of hot vinegar is diffused through their apartments. It is thought to be 
still more salubrious, and a more powerful disinfectant, when it holds camphor or 
aromatic oils in solution; hence the great popularity of the preparations called 
Aromatic Vinegar and Thieves' Vinegar (see p. 68). The repute of the latter is 
founded upon a story, that four thieves, who plundered the dead bodies during the 
plague at Marseilles, with perfect security, on being questioned respecting the cause 
of this impunity, confessed, on the condition of their lives being spared, that they 
attributed it solely to the use of Aromatic Vinegar. 

Vinegar, in this state of combination, is extremely agreeable and refreshing, both 
to tbe invalid and the attendants of the sick room. The benefit which it produces 
depends upon a certain degree of stimulus imparted to the sensitive nerves, which are 
generally in a low condition in an infectious atmosphere; but, as a chemical agent, its 
powers are too feeble to be followed by much benefit. It is, however, always refresh- 
ing, and is much better adapted for overpowering the unpleasant odors of the sick 
room than any of tbe former substances. 

The most efficacious fumigations that can be employed, are those of chlorine. This 
disinfecting gas is extricated from a mixture of common salt, black oxide of manga- 
nese, and sulphuric acid (see p. 158). Instead of chlorine disengaged in this mode, 
it is more common to use the chloride of lime, the chloride of soda, or the chloride of 
zinc; solutions of either of these, placed in shallow vessels in a room, will give off 
chlorine in a gradual manner, by a decomposition of their constituents. Some differ- 
ence of opinion exists as to tbe mode in which this gas acts. Dr. A. T. Thomson is 
of opinion that it operates by decomposing the infected air : — 

" With regard to the mode in wbich chlorine operates, the most probable opinion 
is, that it decomposes the infectious matter, which is a compound. One principle of 
this compound seems to be hydrogen; another, ammonia; and a third, a fetid volatile 
oil ; besides the unknown matter of infection. The chlorine unites with the hydrogen, 
and forms hydrochloric acid, which combines with the second component of the in- 
fectious medium — namely, ammonia — and forms sal ammoniac; the withdrawing of 
both of which from the air causes the precipitation of the volatile oil; whilst the 
chlorine also neutralizes the real matter of infection, whatever it may be; and thus 
the vitiated atmosphere is purified." 

Although chlorine is capable of destroying fetid and unpleasant odors in the sick 
room, it is liable to many objections. However extricated, it is apt to create irritation 
of the respiratory organs and coughing when respired; it corrodes all metallic sub- 
stances, and must, therefore, be used with caution ; from the chlorides evolving 
the gas more slowly, they arc, in most cases, preferable to the immediate extrication 
of chlorine from the salt and manganese. 

Other acid fumigations have also been found useful as disinfectants; as those of 
nitrous acid, so highly recommended by Smith and Carmichael, and considered by 
Cliristison even as superior to chlorine. Sulphurous acid fumes, produced by burning 
sulphur, have likewise been recommended. Both are capable of destroying unpleasant 
odors and emanations; but the same objections apply against their use in a sick 



474 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 

*-^— 

chamber — that of causing much irritation of the organs of respiration ; hence they are 
unfitted to cases where there is any disease or weakness of these parts. 

Fumigations, used as medicinal agents, are much more prescribed on the Continent 
of Europe than in Great Britain or the United States. They are sometimes employed 
as inhalations — as emollient vapors in the treatment of bronchial affections ; balsamic 
vapors in affections of the chest. They are also used externally, as the fumes of 
benzoin in rheumatic and gouty complaints; those of aloes in deficient menstruation; 
those of sulphur and mercury in various diseases of the skin. 

The effects of fumigations vary according to the temperature at which the vapors 
are used; when it is high, and the whole body of the patient is exposed to it, it 
produces much the same train of symptoms as those caused by a vapor-bath. When 
the fumigation is made with substances which give off no watery vapors, the pheno- 
mena that result are analogous to those of a heated air-bath, but more marked, 
especially those which occur in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. 



BLOOD-LETTING. 

Various methods are practiced for this purpose. General bleeding is performed by 
opening a vein, called venesection; or by puncturing an artery, which has received 
the name of arteriotomy. Topical blood-letting is practiced by opening the small 
vessels of a part by means of slight incisions, or what is called scarification, by the 
application of leeches, and by cupping. 

General Blood-letting. — Venesection is one of the most frequently employed 
of the different modes of detracting blood. It is usually practiced on one of the veins 
of the arm. A band or ligature is to be applied around the arm above the point at 
which the vein is to be opened, so as to obstruct the passage of the blood to the heart; 
this causes an enlargement and turgidity of the vessel below the ligature. This band- 
age should never be applied so tightly as to prevent the passage of blood in the arte- 
ries of the part. The vein is to be opened by means of a common or thumb lancet, 
or a spring lancet. In using the first, the vein is to be kept from rolling by means 
of the thumb of the left hand placed a small distance below where the puncture is to 
be made ; but care should be taken not to alter the relative position of the skin and 
vein, because in resuming their position after the lancet is inserted, the aperture 
through the skin will no longer correspond with that in the vein, in consequence of 
which a thrombus or ecchymosis will form — a very common accident in venesection. 
The lancet is to be pushed into the vein, and when its point is within the cavity of 
the vessel, it is to be carried forward a little, so as to enlarge sufficiently the opening. 
The arm is to be kept extended after the operation until the necessary quantity of 
blood is taken. If the blood should not flow as freely as is desired, the patient should 
exert the muscles of the arm by grasping a stick, or moving the fingers. 

The spring-lancet is much used in some parts of the United States, and is almost 
universally employed in Philadelphia. This has arisen, in great measure, from its being 
preferred to the common lancet by Dr. Physick as well as by Dr. Dorsey, whose 
reasons for this preference are thus given in his " Elements of Surgery." 

" In a country, situated like the United States, where every surgeon, except those 
residing in the large cities, is compelled to be his own cutler, at least so far as to keep 
his instruments in order, the spring-lancet has a decided preference over the lancet; 
the blade of this can with great ease be sharpened by any man of common dexterity, 
and if not very keen, it does no mischief, whereas a dull lancet is a most dangerous 
instrument ; and no one can calculate with certainty the depth to which it will enter : 
to sharpen a lancet, is regarded by the cutler as one of his nicest and most difficult 
jobs; it is one to which few surgeons are competent. 

" The safety of using the fleam is demonstrated by daily experience ; there is no 
country in which venesection is more frequently performed than in the United States, 
and, perhaps, none where fewer accidents from the opereition have occurred; of these 
few, I beg leave to state that all the aneurisms produced by bleeding, which I have 



OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 475 

seen, have been in cases where the lancet was used. I have since, however, met 
with an exception to this statement. I have seen the brachial artery opened by a 
spring-lancet, but it was by an old barber, half blind, and very clumsy." 

" The manner of using the spring-lancet differs in nothing from the operation with 
the common lancet, excepting that the surgeon must place the instrument in such a 
situation over the vein that, when the spring is touched, the orifice into the vein will 
have a proper size and direction. Dexterity in this is very readily and speedily ac- 
quired. In point of facility in its use, it has a great advantage over the lancet. 

" Among the advantages of the spring-lancet, economy is not the least. A country 
practitioner who is constantly employing the English lancets, and who is particular 
in using none but the best, must necessarily consume half the emolument derived 
from the operation in the purchase of his instruments. One spring-lancet, with an 
occasional new blade, will serve him all his life." 

After a sufficient quantity of blood has been drawn, the flow is to be stopped by 
removing the ligature and placing a finger on the orifice, when any blood that has soiled 
the arm is to be wiped off, and the edges of the orifice carefully brought together, that 
they may unite by the first intention. To accomplish this, let the bleeder with the 
thumb of that hand which holds the arm push the skin towards the orifice, while he 
draws it on the other side to the same point with the compress; thus the skin will be 
thrown into folds at the wound, over which he is immediately to apply the compress, 
which should be broad to keep the skin better together, and thick to make the com- 
pression more certain. 

When blood-letting is ordered, everything required for the operation should be at 
hand. The ligature for tying the arm, so as to obstruct the flow of blood in the veins 
below it, should be a soft old ribbon ; and the same may be employed for securing 
the pledget over the orifice, when the flow of the blood is to be stopped. The 
pledget, or compress, should be a piece of linen, folded into a square form, about an 
inch in diameter, and comprehending three or four thicknesses of the material. It is 
always proper to use a graduated basin for receiving the blood, that the exact quantity 
drawn may be ascertained. If the invalid be bled in bed, he should sit erect; if he 
be up, he should be placed erect in a chair. When the operator is dexterous, there 
is little or no necessity for guarding either the bed or the clothes of the patient from 
the blood; as the pressure of the thumb of the operator, placed below the point 
where the vein is to be punctured, should not be relaxed until the utensil for receiving 
the blood be conveniently placed for that purpose. A basin with a little tepid water, 
and a clean, soft towel, should be ready for washing and drying the arm, before the 
compresses and the bandage for preventing the further escape of the blood be applied. 

When a nurse or an attendant is not fully instructed in her duty, there is always 
considerable anxiety displayed to provide smelling salts and other means to obviate 
fainting. But, in many cases, much of the benefit of blood-letting depends on the 
fainting which it causes; and the propriety of checking that effect should be left 
entirely to the physician. No person should be present at this operation, nor should 
any one attempt to hold the basin for receiving the blood who is liable to become 
sick or faint at the sight of blood. 

The arm should not be used for some hours after a vein has been opened in it; but ? 
if everything has gone on well, the bandage may be removed at the end of two days. 
When this has been applied too tightly, the forearm and hand are apt to swell and 
become painful, in which case the bandage is to be loosened. If, on removing 
the bandage, it is found that the orifice, instead of being closed, presents an 
inflamed appearance, with its lips swelled and red, the arm is to be kept per- 
fectly quiet, the edges of the wound brought in contact, and some cool application 
made to the part, to relieve the inflammation. In those cases where the inflammation 
extends beyond the orifice, and assumes an erysipelatous appearance, with a hard and 
painful tumor around the wound, a compress is to be applied upon the vein at the 
inflamed part, to make the two sides adhere together; if they do not adhere, simple 
contact will still be sufficient to prevent suppuration in this part; or, if inflamma- 
tion has gone so far as to make the surgeon suspect that suppuration has taken placc^ 



476 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 

then the compress must be put upon that part of the vein just above the suppura- 
tion. . 

The remedy for inflammation of the veins consequent on venesection, which answers 
best, is the application of a blister over the inflamed part. As soon as the inflam- 
mation commences, a small plaster of simple cerate, spread on linen, should be applied 
on the orifice, and over this, a blister large enough to cover the whole inflamed part, 
extending three or four inches from the orifice in every direction. This remedy was 
first proposed, and made use of, by Dr. Physick, and has been employed by many 
physicians with great success, even after extensive inflammation of the vein has 
taken place. . . 

Sometimes it becomes expedient to open the external jugular vein, lo do this, the 
head should be laid on one side, and the vein compressed by the operator's thumb near 
the clavicle, and the opening made in that part of the vein which lies over the sterno- 
cleidomastoid muscle. The blood soon ceases to escape after the pressure is removed, 
but a small strip of adhesive plaster is sometimes necessary. 

In children, especially where they are very fat, a vein in the leg or foot can often 
be found, especially about or above the malleolus, when none are perceptible in the 
arm. To promote their distension, and to increase the bleeding when they are opened, 
it is found useful to immerse the limb in warm water. _ # 

In bleeding young children from the arm, when they are restless and fretful, it is 
a good plan to attach the child's arm to the left forearm of the operator, by means of 
ligatures at the wrist and centre of the arm; by this means, complete control is ob- 
tained over the motion of the child's arm, and the venesection can be accomplished 
with comparative ease. 

Arteriotomy is the opening of an artery to detract blood. It is much more 
limited than venesection in its application, being practiced only upon the temporal 
and posterior auricular arteries; and, in most cases, is restricted to the former only. 
In this, the anterior branch is preferred, where it passes above the exterior angle of 
the eyebrow. In performing the operation, the vessel is to be partially divided 
transversely, and not longitudinally. When as much blood has been drawn as is 
deemed necessary, the incision is to be deepened so as to divide the artery entirely. 
On the consequent retraction of the cut extremities, the bleeding will generally cease; 
if it should not, a graduated compress, maintained in place by a bandage around the 
head, is to be applied. 

Topical Blood-letting.— This consists of the abstraction of blood by cupping, 
leeching, or scarification. , . , . «, ■> ■> 

Cupping is performed in the following manner: The skm being softened by means 
of a sponge and warm water, a small bell-like glass, known as a cupping-glass having 
the air contained in it rarefied by being passed over the flame of a lamp, or by other 
means, is immediately applied to the part, all hair and other extraneous substances 
being previously removed; from the formation of a vacuum beneath the cup, the 
pressure of the air on the surrounding surface causes that portion included in the 
cup to swell, and the vessels to become turgid. When this has taken place, the cup 
is removed and several incisions made by means of a scarificator, an instrument con- 
taining numerous lancets, which, by means of a spring, can make a corresponding 
number of incisions at the same moment; the depth of these incisions can be regu- 
lated by means of a screw which protrudes or withdraws the lancet, according totne 
vascularity of the part, the quantity of blood to be drawn, &c. When a sufficient 
quantity of blood has collected in the cup, it is to be removed by introducing the 
nail of one of the fingers under the edge, by which means, air being allowed to enter, 
the cup becomes detached. The part being washed with warm water to remove any 
clots of blood, the cup is again to be applied as above, and the operation continued 
till a sufficient quantity of blood is obtained. Sometimes, especially when applied to 
the scalp, the cups fill so rapidly with blood, as to become detached almost imme- 
diately on being applied. ' 

For the operation of cupping, a basin of hot water, sponges, and clean sott towels 



OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 477 



are to be provided. It is generally considered as a severe and painful operation; but 
this is not the case, if the operator understand his business. This is readily ascer- 
tained by observing the manner in which the cups are applied, and the rapidity with 
which they are filled. A good cupper does not exhaust much of the air in the cup 
before applying it, but simply passes its mouth rapidly over the flame of a lamp; for, 
when it is held over the flame even for a few seconds, the compression of the edge of 
the cup upon the skin is so great, that it operates as a ligature, and checks the flow 
of the blood to the scarified part; thence very little blood is procured. A good cup- 
per, also, removes the cups without spilling the blood which they contain; and the 
whole operation is completed in a short time. 

In our large towns, it is but seldom that physicians, nurses, or those attending in 
a sick room, are called upon to perform the operation of cupping, as professional cup- 
pers are readily to be obtained ; but in small towns or villages, this is not the case, 
and the duty devolves either upon the physician or on those acting as nurses ; and 
hence some directions are necessary to those unaccustomed to this task. Few are 
found sufficiently expert to exhaust the air in the cup by means of the lamp; and even 
among the professional cuppers in this city this mode is very rare, though, when pro- 
perly performed, it is by far the best. The usual plan is to rarify the air in the cup 
by means of a small cone of paper, dipped in spirits of wine, or strong brandy; this 
is ignited and thrown in the cup, which is instantly to be applied to the intended 
spot. Where the proper cupping-glasses and scarificator are not to be had, wine 
glasses or very small tumblers may be substituted for the first, and small incisions by 
means of a thumb lancet will answer the purpose of the latter. A very convenient 
apparatus may be obtained at most of the surgical-instrument makers, consisting of 
cups and an exhausting syringe fitted to them, by which even the most inexperienced 
nurse can perform the operation of cupping. 

The cicatrices of the scarifications leave a permanent mark; on which account, 
females should not be cupped upon the nape of the neck; but when blood is to be 
drawn from the head, the glasses should be applied behind the ears, and a portion of 
hair removed in such a manner that it may be covered by what remains. 

When cupping-glasses are applied without any scarification being practiced, the ope- 
ration is called dry cupping, and is much used to cause a speedy irritation of the skin 
for the relief of oppression of breathing, local pains, &c. To obtain the full benefit from 
this operation, the cups should be suffered to remain upon the part until they cause 
an exudation of a small quantity of serum, or great irritation of the part. The 
application of dry cups has been found extremely beneficial in poisoned wounds; 
they act not only by abstracting the poison, but also, by the pressure they exercise 
on and around the part, in preventing the absorption of it. The experiments of Dr. 
Barry in England, and of Drs. Pennock and llodrigue in this country, show un- 
ecmivocally the value of this plan of treatment. 

Leeching consists in the application of leeches to any vascular part of the body. 
These are annulated animals, having an extensile, soft body, terminated at each ex- 
tremity with a muscular disk, the anterior of which is furnished below with a mouth 
having three crcscentic jaws, armed with numerous sharp teeth. To draw blood, the 
leech first renders the part tense by means of the anterior disk, which acts like a 
cupping-glass, and then makes a triangular wound by a saw-like motion of its tri- 
radiate jaws; it then draws the blood by suction, until it is completely gorged, when 
it detaches itself and falls off. 

Leeches are seldom properly applied or managed. The part to which they arc intended 
to be applied should be washed with a little soap and warm water, then with simple cold 
water, and, lastly, it should be well dried. If the part be hot and inflamed, the leeches 
should be put, for a few minutes, into tepid water; and this should be done, also, when 
they arc to be applied in the mouth, or to any part of the body warmer than the general 
surface; but, at all times, before they are applied, they should be dried between the 
folds of a clean soft towel. The easiest and best mode of applying them is, first, to 
place the number to be used in a hollow made with the points of the fingers in a 
towel folded like a napkin; then, so to turn the towel and the leeches upon the part 
where it is intended they should fix, that the towel will cover them. The hand must 



478 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 

be kept over the towel, to prevent their escape, until they all bite, which usually 
happens in a few minutes : after which, the towel may be removed. By this method, 
twenty or thirty leeches can be applied more rapidly and with less trouble than two, 
when each leech is separately applied. Another plan is to put the leeches into a 
pill-bos or small glass, and apply this over the part to which it is designed that they 
should attach themselves. If this plan, however, cannot be pursued, owing to the 
nature of the part to which they are to be applied — as, for example, the inner or 
outer angle of the eye — then the simplest method is to scratch the skin with the 
point of a needle, and to apply the leech to the spot moistened with blood. When 
they are to be applied within the mouth, or any open cavity, each leech should be 
put into a large quill, with its head towards the open end of the quill, which should 
be applied to the part, and retained upon it until the leech is fixed, when the quill 
may be gently withdrawn; but a thread should be tied round the tail of the leech 
when it is to be applied within the mouth, to prevent it from being swallowed — an 
accident which has occasionally happened, and has been productive of serious conse- 
quences. 

Leeches should never be forcibly detached, as their teeth are apt to separate, and, 
being left in the wound, to cause an erysipelatous inflammation on the part. They 
should be permitted to drop spontaneously, which being the result of a temporary 
suflbcation (asphyxia), all muscular energy ceases in the animal, and, the teeth shrink- 
ing, it drops off entire. A bread-and-water poultice, not too hot, should then be laid 
over the bites, to encourage the bleeding. The invalid should be kept warm in bed, 
when it is necessary to abstract a large quantity of blood. In general, the bites soon 
cease to bleed; but, in some instances, a copious flow takes place; and therefore, to 
prevent exhaustion, the poultice should be frequently examined. This exhaustion is 
more likely to occur in children than in adults ; and, for the same reason, leeches 
should not be applied upon children late in the evening, unless they are very urgently 
required. It is also proper, in young patients, to select for their application a part 
which admits of pressure; for example, the thorax and temples, where the bones are 
covered with a thin layer of soft parts. Sometimes the hemorrhage continues so as 
to become alarming; in such cases, where pressure is unavailing or cannot be prac- 
ticed, creasote or some of the styptics applied to the bites will be found useful. Pow- 
dering the spot with rye flour has also proved effectual. "When these means fail, 
cauterizing the bites by means of a fine point of nitrate of silver, or with a red-hot 
probe or knitting needle generally proves successful. 

Scarifications are slight incisions made in a vascular part, in order to relieve the 
engorged capillaries; they are practiced in inflammations of the conjunctiva, and in 
those of the tonsils, with much benefit in many cases.. The operation is very simple, 
consisting merely in dividing the surface of the inflamed parts to a slight depth with 
the point of a lancet or scalpel, and encouraging the bleeding by means of warm 
water. 



POISONS. 



Poisons are usually defined to be substances of an animal, vegetable, or mineral 
nature, which, when administered in a small quantity, are capable of producing dele- 
terious effects on the animal economy, and, in some instances, of causing the same 
consequences when applied to the surface of the body. But this definition is not 
strictly accurate, and is not applicable to all cases of poisoning; nor is it, perhaps, 
possible to give in a few words such a one as would include all poisonous agents. 
Poisons are usually arranged according to their action on the system ; but, as the alpha- 
betical plan has been pursued in the main body of this work, it will be continued in 
the present instance. For full information on the subject, the reader is referred to the 
work of A. S. Taylor " On Poisons in relation to Medical Jurisprudence and Medi- 
cine." 

Acid, Acetic. 

Symptoms. — Great heat and burning pain in the stomach, convulsions, death. 

Morbid Appearances. — Mouth and fauces brownish; lingual papillae enlarged; 
oesophagus lined with a brownish adventitious membrane; stomach livid and even 
blackened; vessels much injected. 

Antidotes. — Magnesia or its carbonates mixed into a cream with water. 

Acid Arsenious, or Arsenic. A metallic, corrosive poison. 

Symptoms. — A metallic, austere taste; a great flow of saliva; nausea and vomiting; 
fainting, great thirst; a sensation of heat in the stomach, which, in many cases, rejects 
the mildest fluids; much griping, tenesmus, and purging; the stools being dark-colored 
and very offensive; the urine scanty and high-colored; the pulse small, frequent, and 
often intermittent; distressing palpitation of the heart, with labored respiration and 
cold sweats; prostration of strength; sometimes paralysis of the extremities, delirium, 
convulsions, &c. 

Morbid Appearances generally confined to the stomach and intestines ; in the former, 
in the form of intense inflammation, but not of erosion or abrasion; the inflammation 
also evident in the upper intestines, but slight in the colon, though often violent in 
the rectum. The morbid appearances of other organs various. Sometimes no morbid 
phenomena to be found. 

Tests. — In the solid state : entirely sublimed by heat. If previously mixed with 
charcoal (and placed in a suitable test-tube), deoxidated arsenic will be obtained in 
form of a metallic coating inside the tube; and this may be re-converted into arsenious 
acid by urging it in various directions along the tube with the aid of a minute (spirit- 
lamp) flame; the facets of the crystals thus formed (on the cooler situations) will be 
seen in some places with the unassisted eye, but more distinctly by means of a 4-power 
lens. 

In solution: ammoniacal nitrate of silver produces a lemon-colored (arsenite of 
silver) precipitate. Ammoniacal nitrate of copper throws down a fresh, grass-green 
(arsenite of cojyper) precipitate. Transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen produces a 
bright yellow (sesquisulphurct of arsenic) precipitate. Lime-water precipitates a 
white (arsenite of lime) powder; but this test is not one to be relied upon. 

Placed with zinc, and diluted sulphuric acid, in Marsh's apparatus, the arscniuret- 
ted hydrogen thence arising, when lighted, will deposit metallic arsenic on a piece of 
glass held within the flame. 



480 poisons. 



The precipitates referred to, if washed and dried, may be treated as directed above 
for arsenic in the dry or solid condition. 

[Note. — In testing suspected matters obtained from the stomach, these (and, in cases of death, 
the stomach itself) must be cut or broken down, and boiled during at least three-quarters of an 
hour: if not sufficiently fluid, add distilled water. Strain, and with addition of a small quantity 
of potash, again boil during a quarter of an hour, and filter. If this liquor manifests either alka- 
line or acid reaction, neutralize with potash, or with acetic acid, as may be required; then acidu- 
late it faintly with hydrochloric acid. Solution of nitrate of silver will remove the acid; and 
solution of muriate of soda will precipitate any excess of silver. The liquor may now be experi- 
mented on with the above tests.] 

Treatment. — Abundant draughts of sweet milk, gruel, decoctions of starch, or oily 
mixtures; tickling the fauces, &c, to induce vomiting; the stomach-pump; emetics 
of sulphate of zinc. Hydrated sesquioxide of iron (newly prepared, v. process, page 
209) in large doses is the only antidote of reliance. 

Afterwards combat any inflammatory symptoms by the usual means, and let the 
patient subsist, for a long time, wholly on the blandest diet. 

All arsenical poisons have much the same action, and similar means are to be used 
for their detection and for counteracting their effects. 

Acid, Boracic. — This is said to be very virulent; but no instances have been re- 
corded of its fatal effects on man. 

Tests. — Not very soluble in water ; soluble in alcohol, which, when inflamed, burns 
with a rich green color; soluble in the caustic alkalies. 

Acid, Carbonic. — This gas is freely liberated in respiration, combustion, and 
fermentation, also in the calcination of lime, and is found in coal mines, wells, and 
cellars. 

Symptoyns. — Great drowsiness, giddiness, difficulty of respiration, loss of muscular 
power and sensibility, and coma. The whole body, but especially the face, appears 
swollen and livid; eyes are usually prominent, and retain their brilliancy for some 
time. 

Tests. — It extinguishes a taper if the proportion be above twelve or fifteen per cent. ; 
lime-water, or a solution of subacetate of lead, is precipitated white by it. 

Treatment. — Remove the person into the open air, and elevate the head, dash cold 
water over him, apply stimulating frictions to the thorax and extremities, use artificial 
inflation of the lungs; as soon as the patient can swallow, stimulants may be cautiously 
administered; but, if there are signs of oppression of the brain, venesection is to be 
performed. 

Acid, Citric. — In large doses, acts as an irritant poison; but no fatal case in the 
human subject has been recorded. 

Acid, Hydrocyanic or Prussic. — An extremely active, sedative poison. 

Symptoms. — When the dose is large, almost immediate death ensues; in smaller 
quantities, it causes pain in the head and stupor, nausea, faintness, vertigo, and loss 
of sight, followed by difficulty of respiration, dilated pupils, a small vibrating pulse, 
and syncope, which will end in death, if curative means are not employed. 

Morbid Appearances. — None; but a strong odor of the acid is exhaled from the 
stomach. 

Tests. — The (bitter almond) peculiarity of its odor. "When a little potash is mixed 
with liquids containing this poison, and solution of sulphate, or sesquichloride of iron 
added, a grayish-green precipitate is thrown down — which deepens to a Prussian blue 
tint, on addition of a few drops of sulphuric acid. The nitrate of silver produces a 
white (cyanide of silver) precipitate; which, after being washed and dried, and then 
held on a watch-glass over a flame, burns with a fresh rose-color, cyanogen being at 
the same time evolved. 

When a mixture is to be examined, containing matters from the stomach, &c, if 
alkaline, it must first be neutralized by addition of sulphuric acid, then one-eighth 



poisons. 481 



part cautiously distilled therefrom into a receiver immersed in some frigorific mixture; 
and the product may then be tested by nitrate of silver, as above. 

Treatment. — The internal remedy best calculated to act chemically on this poison, 
is carbonate of potash in solution, quickly succeeded by watery solutions of sulphate 
of iron (with the intention of decomposing the acid, and forming the less injurious 
substance named Prussian blue); but the instances of successful treatment by 
these, or, indeed, by any other kind of treatment, are extremely rare. Inhalation of 
chlorine gas, ammonia, &c. ; artificial respiration; exhibition of energetic stimulants, 
such as brandy, liquid ammonia; chlorine-water, chloride of soda and of lime, have 
all been extolled, and may be tried. Mustard poultices to the stomach, and cow- 
hage applied over the chest; venesection at the neck, temples, &c; and affusion of 
cold water to the head and spinal district, are more likely to prove timely excitant and 
effective remedies. Employment of the stomach-pump, emetics, &c, seems a most 
improbable means of relief — or, rather, a waste of time. 

Acid, Muriatic or Hydrochloric. — A corrosive mineral poison. 

Symptoms. — Sensation of burning in the throat and stomach, styptic taste in the 
mouth, much thirst; the eyes red and sparkling; the pulse frequent and tense; the 
skin hot and dry; the tongue red and glazed; the lips black; vomiting of blood and 
yellow matter, having the peculiar smell of the acid; cold sweats, delirium, &c. 
Orfila also says, a thick white fume, having the penetrating odor of the acid, issues 
from the mouth. 

Morbid Appearances. — Mouth, fauces, throat, and stomach highly inflamed, of a 
deep-red color; mucous membrane sometimes detached or destroyed, sometimes per- 
forated; contents of the stomach yellow or dark green. 

Tests. — Characteristic acid taste. The presence of muriatic acid (in small propor- 
tion) is at all times demonstrable in the juices of the stomach; therefore proof of its 
presence in excess is required in cases of poisoning. When a piece of glass, wetted 
with this acid, is held close to liquor ammonise, so as to let the vapors of both meet, 
white (muriate of ammonia') fumes are formed. Solution of nitrate of silver pro- 
duces a white (chloride of silver), curdy-looking precipitate. 

Treatment. — The immediate administration of magnesia, soda, or potassa, mixed 
in bland demulcent drinks, to be followed by the free use of emollients and mucilages. 
If patient survives the first effects of the poison, employ antiphlogistic means to over- 
come the supervening inflammation. 

Acid, Nitric, or Aquafortis. — A corrosive mineral poison. 

Symptoms. — Much the same as those produced by the last-mentioned poison. 

Mm hiil Appearances. — In cases where death has occurred soon after the ingestion 
of the poison, the most striking appearance is a layer of yellow matter on all parts 
reached by the acid. The lips, chin, and hands of the person are also often stained 
with orange-colored spots. Perforations of the stomach are found in most cases. 

Tests. — The orange-colored fumes that are given off, when it is boiled with copper 
filings, are characteristic. It reddens morphia, and blackens a solution of protosulphate 
of iron. A fluid containing it, on the addition of carbonate of potassa forms nitre, 
which may be known by its deflagration, or by powdering a small portion, and placing 
it in a glass tube with some fine copper filings, moistening with water, and adding a 
few drops of sulphuric acid — when, if it be nitre, there will be an evolution of the 
orange-colored fumes of nitrous acid. 

Treatment. — The administration of magnesia, or chalk, in some bland fluid, then 
the free use of demulcents, and subsequently the employment of antiphlogistic means 
DO subdue inflammation. 

Acid, Oxalic. — A corrosive vegetable poison. 

Symptoms. — Burning heat of the stomach, nausea; sometimes vomiting, but at 
others, ineffectual efforts to discharge the contents of the stomach; great prostration 
of strength, violent pain, spasmodic respiration, convulsions, &c. When the patient 
oL 



482 poisons. 

survives the first effects of the poison, all the symptoms of violent inflammation of the 
alimentary canal are developed. In a diluted form, it appears to cause paralysis of 
the heart or symptoms of cerebro-spinal disease. 

Morbid Appearances. — Tougue and fauces usually covered with a viscid white coat; 
the stomach containing a dark-brown mucous fluid, and its substance of almost a 
gelatinous consistency. In some cases, no traces of the action of the poison are per- 
ceptible ; but, when death does not occur for some time, the alimentary canal is found 
inflamed. 

Tests. — In solid state : Has the characteristic sour taste of most acids ; and pro- 
duces the same changes as they do on vegetable blues. When placed in water, a 
crackling sound accompanies the solution of its crystals. 

In solution : Solution of chloride of lime produces a white (oxalate of lime) 
precipitate (which is insoluble in hydrochloric acid, but soluble in nitric acid). 
Solution of nitrate of silver also throws down a white precipitate (which, on being 
carefully dried by aid of heat, on bibulous paper, acquires a brownish outline, and 
towards the end shows some slight explosions). 

Treatment. — Mixtures of magnesia, whiting (or plaster scraped from off the inside 
wall of an apartment) mixed with water (the amount of the latter being as small as 
convenient for swallowing); abundant drinks subsequently. No alkalies should be 
employed. 

Acid, Sulphuric. — A corrosive mineral poison. 

Symptoms. — An austere styptic taste in the mouth; a sensation of burning heat in 
the throat and stomach, followed by nausea, vomiting, and much fetor of the breath. 
The matters vomited contain both venous and arterial blood. Signs of great inflam- 
mation of the abdominal viscera soon manifest themselves, with difficult respiration, 
a croupy cough, and a small, frequent, irregular pulse; great anxiety and restlessness, 
convulsive motions of the muscles of the face and lips; sometimes a papulous erup- 
tion preceding death. 

Morbid Appearances. — These are not always to be found, except in the fauces and 
larynx, which, in most cases, present evidences of the highly corrosive action of the 
poison. The stomach sometimes is found to contain a quantity of dark grumous mat- 
ter, and is much distended with fetid gas — its membranes ulcerated, dark-colored, and 
having numerous corroded spots, and even perforations. 

Tests. — The acid may be in a concentrated or a diluted state. If in the former, 
any organic matter placed in contact with it is blackened and charred; when mixed 
with an equal bulk of water, much heat is evolved; when boiled with copper filings 
or mercury, sulphurous acid gas is evolved. When the acid is in a diluted state, the 
best test is nitrate of baryta, which causes a dense white precipitate of sulphate of 
baryta ; this can be verified by calcining it for some minutes with an equal weight of 
charcoal, wrapped in platina foil, then introducing the residue into a glass-tube and 
adding a few drops of muriatic acid. This will cause an extrication of sulphuretted 
hydrogen, which can be recognized by its odor, and by its blackening carbonate or 
acetate of lead. 

Treatment. — The same as for the other mineral acids. 

Acid, Tartaric. — A corrosive vegetable poison. 

Symptoms. — Very analogous to those caused by oxalic acid. 

Morbid Appearances are likewise similar to those produced by oxalic acid. 

Tests. — When heated on platina foil, it burns with a pale reddish flame, and exhales 
a peculiar acrid vapor, leaving much carbonized matter. When a solution is treated 
with lime-water, it affords a white precipitate, soluble in an excess of the acid; when 
treated with caustic potassa, it affords a granular precipitate of the bitartrate. 

Treatment. — The same as for oxalic acid. 

Acetate of Copper. See Copper. 
Acetate of Lead. See Lead. 



poisons. 483 



Acetate of Morphia. See Opium. 
Aconite. See Vegetable Poisons. 

Alcohol. — A narcotico-acrid poison. 

Symptoms. — These vary according to the dose. In small quantities, there is mere 
excitement. In large closes, much excitement, with delirium, confusion of intellect, 
followed by somnolency; nausea and vomiting, and even coma and apoplexy. When 
an undue portion has been swallowed, it often proves instantly fatal; it may also 
prove fatal by occasioning or aggravating other diseases. The effects of an habitual 
use of it are diseases of the viscera, and various mental and nervous disorders. The 
symptoms of poisoning with alcohol may be mistaken for those of epilepsy or apo- 



Morbid Appearances are inflammation, softening, &c, of the mucous membrane of 
the stomach, congestion of the cerebral vessels, sanguineous or serous extravasation 
in the brain or lungs. 

Tests. — Odor of the contents of the stomach, or of matters ejected from it. The 
chemical proof consists in removing the contents of the stomach, mixing them with 
distilled water, filtering and distilling in union with carbonate of potassa or soda; the 
product is mixed with fused chloride of sodium, and again distilled. Alcohol will be 
found in the receiver. 

Treatment. — Withdraw the contents of the stomach, as speedily as possible, by a 
stomach-pump; afterwards an emetic of salt and water should be given in large doses, 
and repeated, at short intervals, till the stomach is well cleared. The cold affusion is 
useful in some cases. Ammonia may be employed as a stimulant, and general symp- 
toms obviated by blood-letting; but this must be employed with great caution. 

Alkalies. 

Ammonia. — A corrosive mineral poison. 

Symptoms. — Excoriation of the mouth and fauces; burning sensation in the throat 
and stomach, usually followed by vomiting and purging, the ejected matters being 
often bloody. When the quantity taken is large, an immediate feeling of strangula- 
tion ensues, attended with convulsions. If the result is fatal, it quickly follows the 
ingestion of the poison. The inhalation of ammonia by the nostrils, when it is too 
freely used in cases of fainting, has caused the same symptoms as when taken into 
the stomach. 

Morbid Appearances. — Marks of high inflammation of the parts with which the 
poison has come in contact. 

Tests. — The pungent odor; its alkaline reaction — but which is dissipated by heat. 
By causing a yellow precipitate with a mixture of arsenious acid and nitrate of silver; 
by producing a rich violet-blue solution with sulphate of copper; and forming white 
fumes with chlorine. 

Treatment. — The immediate administration of one of the vegetable acids, and 
afterwards the copious use of demulcents. When ammoniacal vapor has been inhaled, 
the patient should inspire the vapor of vinegar. 

Potassa. — A corrosive mineral poison. 

Symptoms. — An acrid, caustic, urinous taste in the mouth ; a sensation of burning 
heat in the throat; "nausea, and sometimes vomiting of bloody matters. The surface 
cold and clammy; the pulse quick and feeble; hypercatharsis, and violent colicky 
pains. 

Morbid Appearances. — Strong marks of inflammation in the alimentary canal, 
softening, erosion of the mucous coat, and, in some cases, perforation of the stomach. 

Tests. — Alkaline reaction; precipitation of nitrate of silver in the form of a dark- 
colored oxide. Carbonic acid water causes no precipitate. A concentrated solution 
affords a canary-yellow precipitate with bichloride of platina. 



484 poisons. 



to 



Treatment. — Vinegar and the diluted vegetable acids, to be followed by a free use 
of demulcents, or oleaginous mixtures. 

Soda. — A corrosive mineral poison. 

Symptoms and Morbid Appearances. — Analogous to those following the use of 
potassa. 

Tests. — Caustic soda in solution is not precipitated by bichloride of platina or tar- 
taric acid; its alkaline nature can be ascertained by the usual tests. 

Treatment. — The same as for potassa. 

Antimony. — Metallic antimony is not regarded as a poison; but its vapor is said 
cause unpleasant .symptoms when respired. 

Antimony, Tartarized, generally known as Tartar Emetic, is an irritant 
metallic poison. 

Symptoms. — Nausea and severe vomiting, hiccough, cardialgia, burning heat at 
the epigastrium, severe colic and purging, small and rapid pulse, cold skin, syncope, 
difficult respiration, vertigo, insensibility to external stimulants, painful cramps in the 
lower extremities, great prostration of strength. 

Morbid Appearances. — The stomach and intestines often much inflated with gas; 
their mucous membrane red, and covered with a slightly adhering viscid layer ; the 
peritoneum of a dark brick-red hue ; the membranes of the brain displaying marks 
of inflammation. 

Tests. — In a solid state, add charcoal, introduce into a test-tube and expose to heat; 
metallic antimony will be found of a grayish-black lustre. In the state of solution, 
diluted nitric acid causes a white precipitate. Sulphuretted hydrogen throws down 
a reddish-orange precipitate. Solutions containing tannin cause a copious, curdled, 
whitish-yellow precipitate. Should matters from the stomach be present, the solution 
must be well agitated along with a small portion of muriatic and tartaric acid ; then 
filtered previous to being experimented on. 

Treatment. — Encourage vomiting by free administration of warm water and other 
diluents, or employ the stomach-pump, if necessary. Infusions containing tannin 
are very useful by decomposing the poison. 

Baryta, and Preparations of. — The only two preparations of baryta that have 
caused death are the Carbonate and Chloride. 

Symptoms. — Those of irritation, combined with an affection of the brain and nerv- 
ous system, as vertigo, convulsions, and paralysis. 

Morbid Appearances. — Evidences of inflammation of the mucous coat of the 
stomach. 

Tests. — In solution : sulphuric acid throws down a profuse dense white (sulphate 
of baryta) precipitate. Solution of nitrate of silver also produces a white (sulphate 
of silver) precipitate. Sulphuretted hydrogen produces no change of appearance; 
which circumstance, being peculiar to salts of barium, is valuable as a negative test. 

Treatment. — Sulphates of magnesia or soda in solution in water, if the patient is 
seen early; they are, however, of little use where the carbonate has been taken, for 
in this case emetics and the stomach-pump should be used. 

Belladonna. See Vegetable Poisons. 

Bismuth. — The only preparation that has caused death is the Subnitrate. 

Symptoms. — Burning pain in the throat, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, coldness 
of the extremities, and spasms. 

Morbid Appearances. — Inflammation of the fauces and oesophagus, redness of the 
stomach and intestines. 

Tests. — In substance : Dissolves in nitric acid, without change of color, and without 
effervescing (which distinguishes it from a carbonate). Sulphuric acid produces no 



poisons. 485 

precipitate (disproving the possible idea of its being a preparation of lead). Dissolve 
it in nitric acid, and add solution of potasb so long as any precipitate is thrown down ; 
gather this in a filter, and, after washing and drying it, place it on charcoal (and treat 
it as directed for preparations of lead), when its reduction to the metallic condition 
will be effected. 

Treatment. — Induce vomiting by tickling the fauces, &c, and give continuous full 
draughts of sweet milk. 

Bromine. — An irritant, corrosive mineral poison. 

Symptoms. — Irritation and inflammation of the parts with which it comes in con- 
tact, whether in substance or in vapor. 

Morula 1 Appearances. — Fauces, oesophagus, and stomach inflamed and corroded, 
mucous membrane gelatinized, duodenum of a yellow color, and thickened; the parts 
retaining a strong smell of the poison. 

Tests. — Its color, odor, and volatility. All solutions containing it are rendered 
colorless by the addition of potassa. On being evaporated, the residue is to be incine- 
rated at a low temperature, the ash dissolved in distilled water, filtered, and chlorine 
passed through the solution. On the addition of ether, the bromine is taken up by 
that fluid. 

Treatment. — The immediate and free use of albumen, or starch. 

Britcia. See Vegetable Poisons. 
Calomel. See Mercury. 
Camphor. See Vegetable Poisons. 

Cantharides. — An acrid and corroding animal poison. 

Symptoms. — A burning sensation in the throat; violent pain in the stomach and 
bowels; nausea, vomiting, and purging — the ejections being frequently bloody and 
purulent; great heat and irritation of the urinary organs, sometimes the most painful 
priapism; pulse quick and hard; convulsions, tetanus, delirium, syncope. 

Morbid Appearances. — Inflammation and erosion of the stomach; if in substance, 
fragments of the flies, adhering to the mucous coat, or mixed with contents; marks 
of inflammation in the intestines and urinary organs : these are most evident when 
death does not soon follow the ingestion of the poison. 

Tests. — The characteristic green, shining appearance of the fragments of the flies, 
and the character of the symptoms. 

Treatment. — The promotion of vomiting by means of warm demulcents; copious 
dilution, bleeding, the warm bath, opiate frictions, enemata of mutton broth, lauda- 
num, &c. Camphor, though not an antidote, alleviates some of the most distressing 
symptoms. 

Carbonic Acid Gas. 

Symptoms. — Great drowsiness; difficulty of respiration; loss of sensibility; the 
countenance of a livid or deep leaden color. 

Mor/jit/ Appearances. — Whole body, but especially the face, swollen, which is also 
usually livid, and the features distorted ; eyes generally prominent, and retaining their 
brilliancy. Vessels of the brain and lungs in a state of congestion. 

Teds. — Expose a vessel, filled with lime-water, to the deleterious atmosphere, when, 
if carbonic acid be present, it will assume a milky appearance, and let fall a white 
precipitate. A lighted candle will detect the presence of carbonic acid gas (if in 
excess) by being immediately extinguished in the tainted atmosphere; it must, for 
this purpose, be held near the floor. [The utmost caution should be observed in 
introducing lighted tapers into close situations supposed to contain this gas, lest an 
explosive hydrocarbon may, instead, be met with.] 

Treatment. — llemove the patient from the situation or apartment in which the 
poison has been inhaled; or open the doors, windows, &c, for admission of pure air. 



486 poisons. 

Continued application of cold water to the head and neck. Bleeding may be neces- 
sary; or cupping at back of the neck. Cautious inhalation of steam from warm water 
placed in a convenient vessel. 

Chlorine. — An acrid gaseous poison. 

Symptoms. — Great and painful constriction of the glottis, cough, sensation of suffo- 
cation, alternating with asphyxia ; if the case is protracted, inflammation of the larynx, 
and pneumonic inflammation; odor of the gas perceptible in the breath and in vomited 
matters. 

Morbid Appearances. — Marks of irritation and inflammation in all the parts with 
which the poison has come in contact. 

Tests. — A solution of this gas has a yellowish color, and a strong peculiar smell, 
which latter is evolved on boiling. It gives a white precipitate with nitrate of silver, 
which is insoluble in muriatic acid. 

Treatment. — The best remedy is a free use of albumen. Magnesia with muci- 
laginous fluids may also be freely exhibited. 

Chrome. — The only form of this metal that requires notice is the 

Bichromate of Potassa. — An acrid mineral poison. 

Symptoms. — Burning heat in the mouth, throat, and stomach; excessive and pain- 
ful vomiting of bloody mucus; convulsions, palsy, &c. 

Morbid Appearances. — Softening and abrasion of the mucous coat of the stomach 
and intestines. 

Tests. — In substance, by its orange-red color. In solution, by affording a rich red 
precipitate with nitrate of silver, a bright yellow with acetate of lead, a dingy green 
with sulphuretted hydrogen. 

Treatment. — The use of the carbonates of potassa or soda to neutralize the excess 
of chromic acid, followed by the administration of emetics. 

Cocculus Indicus. See Vegetable Poisons. 

Colchicum Autumnale. See Vegetable Poisons. 

Conium Maculattjm. See Vegetable Poisons. 

Copper. — This metal is not poisonous in a metallic state, but becomes highly so 
when oxidated, or in combination. 

The most common preparations of copper are the Acetate (verdigris), Sulphate 
(blue vitriol), the Carbonate, and Ammoniuret. 

Symptoms. — Violent headache, vomiting, pain in the bowels, cramps in the lower 
extremities, a peculiar and permanent coppery taste, diarrhoea, convulsions, palsy, and 
insensibility. 

Morbid Appearances. — Marks of inflammation in the stomach and intestines. 
When the case has been protracted, there is often a green tinge of the lining mem- 
brane, and a jaundiced appearance of the skin. 

Tests. — The Sulphate in a solid state : bright blue color, astringent metallic im- 
pression on the tongue. 

In solution : transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen affords a brownish-black (sid- 
pliurct of copper) precipitate. Solution of ammonia precipitates a pure green substance, 
which, on further addition of ammonia, becomes dissolved; but when only a small 
amount of the poison is present, no precipitation occurs, a clear violet-colored solution 
being then at once presented. Ferrocyanide of potassium throws down a reddish- 
brown (ferrocyanide of copper) precipitate. A piece of polished zinc or iron (as the 
blade of a table-knife) acquires a plating of copper, if placed in a liquid containing 
the above salt. The tests for sulphuric acid will indicate its presence here as the 
combining acid. 

The Acetate : Same tests as preceding, excepting the last. 



poisons. 487 

The Ammonio-sulphate : has a brilliant violet-blue color, and an ammoniacal odor. 
Solution of arsenious acid affords a fresh apple-green precipitate; this experiment is, 
conversely, that for arsenious acid. 

Treatment. — Vomiting to be promoted by copious draughts of warm water, milk, or 
mucilaginous fluids; various antidotes have been highly praised. Sugar was formerly 
recommended, but has not been as successful as was supposed. Albumen and milk 
form an insoluble compound with copper, provided they are in large excess. The 
protosulphuret of iron and iron filings have also been employed with advantage ; but 
their action is too slow. The hydrated oxide of iron has been successfully administered 
where the arsenite of copper had been taken. 

Corrosive Sublimate. — See Mercury. 

Digitalis. — See Vegetable Poisons. 

Iodine. 

Symptoms. — In large doses, this substance causes heat and constriction of the 
fauces, nausea, offensive eructations, pain in the stomach, retching, colic, diarrhoea, 
quickness of the pulse, tremblings, great thirst, salivation, convulsions, &c. 

Morbid Appearances. — Distension and inflammation of the stomach and bowels; 
sphacelation in some places : in protracted cases, increased size and paleness of the 
liver. 

Tests. — In the solid form, it is in bluish-gray scales, having somewhat the odor of 
chlorine. When heated in a tube, it gives off violet fumes; when added to the mucilage 
of starch, it strikes a deep blue color. When it is mixed with other matters, pass a 
stream of sulphuretted hydrogen through the mixture, boil it, saturate with potassa, 
add mucilage of starch, filter, add nitric acid, and the color will indicate iodine. 

Treatment. — Promote vomiting by the free administration of amylaceous and 
mucilaginous fluids, and treat the inflammatory symptoms as they occur. 

Iodide op Potassium. 

Symptoms. — Uneasiness of the stomach, followed by nausea, and a burning sensa- 
tion in the stomach, vomiting, cephalalgia, vertigo, and tremors. 

Morbid Appearances. — Stomach contracted; mucous membrane with ecchymosed 
spots, and some abrasions ; marks of inflammation in the intestine's. 

Tests. — Solid state. Heat with the protoxide of manganese; moisten the powder 
with a mixture of equal parts of sulphuric acid and water; heat in a tube, and the 
purple vapor of iodine makes its appearance. 

In solution : add to the filtered fluid an equal quantity of mucilage of starch, and 
a few drops of nitric acid, and the characteristic blue color will be produced. Test 
the urine in the same manner. It may also be detected in the solids of the body, by 
drying them, incinerating and lixiviating, filtering, and using starch and nitric acid. 

Treatment — The same as for iodine. 

Iron. — Not poisonous in a metallic state; but some of its preparations act as irri- 
tants, especially the sulphate and the muriate. 

Symptoms. — Nausea, vomiting, and purging; sensation of heat in the stomach and 
bowels; dejections of a black color, &c. 

Morbid Appearances. — Softening of the mucous coat of the stomach and intestines; 
the whole extent of the alimentary canal of a black color; marks of inflammation. 

Tests. — For the sulphate: fcrrocyanide of potassium will give a greenish-blue pre- 
cipitate, becoming a deep blue by exposure to the air; hydrosulphuret of ammonia 
will give a black precipitate. The presence of sulphuric acid can be ascertained by 
means of nitrate of baryta. 

Treatment. — In poisoning by cither salt, magnesia or the alkaline carbonates should 
be freely given. 



488 poisons. 



Lead. — In a metallic state, does not appear to be poisonous; but most of its com- 
pounds are so, especially the acetate, chloride, carbonate, and oxide. 

Symptoms. — Obstinate constipation, violent colic with retraction of the abdomen; 
vomiting, pulse small and hard, laborious breathing, and tremors, gums with a blue 
tinge, paralysis of the extremities, &c. 

Morbid Appearances. — The appearances on dissection are very various, but are prin- 
cipally those of inflammation. 

Tests. — In a solid state : Mixed with potash and charcoal, and exposed to a red 
heat (or placed in a suitably sized hollow in a piece of charcoal, and exposed to a 
blow-pipe flame), metallic lead is formed. 

In solution : Sulphuric acid, and sulphates, throw down a white [sulphate of lead) 
precipitate. Solution of carb. of soda gives a white [carbonate of lead) deposit. 
Solution of chromate of potassa a rich yellow (chromate of lead) precipitate. Trans- 
mission of hydrosulphuric acid produces a blackish {sulphuret of lead) precipitate. 
Zinc precipitates lead from solution of any of its salts. 

To render the carbonate amenable to the foregoing tests, it must first be dissolved 
in a sufficiency of nitric acid diluted with distilled water. 

Treatment. — Administer solution of sulphate of zinc in full doses; induce and con- 
tinue vomiting. If an insoluble salt of lead is the poison, almond or olive oil must at 
first be given in considerable quantity. The free exhibition of the sulphate of soda 
or magnesia, or of milk or albumen, to be followed by an emetic. In colic, the treat- 
ment is to consist of active purgatives, followed by full doses of opium or Dover's 
powder. Inflammatory symptoms are to be counteracted by antiphlogistic means. 

Lobelia. — See Vegetable Poisons. 

Mercury. — In a metallic state exercises but a slight influence on the body, but in 
a state of vapor is capable of causing violent symptoms. All the salts of mercury 
are poisonous ; but the most important is corrosive sublimate. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms caused by corrosive sublimate resemble those produced 
by arsenic, but, from the salt being more soluble, they are more immediate and violent; 
there is a more marked taste, and the evacuations are more frequently bloody. There 
are three varieties of poisouing with mercury. In the first, the leading symptoms 
are, violent irritation of the alimentary tube, namely, vomiting, purging, pain at the 
pit of the stomach, and irritation in the throat; metallic, styptic taste, corrosion of 
the mouth, tongue, and palate; constriction of the throat, and difficulty of swallowing. 
Blood evacuated both by vomiting and by stools, suppression of urine, countenance 
flushed, tumid, and bloated. In the second variety, salivation and sloughing of the 
mouth succeed to the irritation and inflammation. In the third, mercurial erethism 
comes on, and is not preceded by the symptoms of local irritation. The first variety 
arises from the more soluble salts of mercury, in large doses; the second, from the 
same preparations, but in smaller doses, and more diluted; the third, by the more 
insoluble and refractory compounds. 

Morbid Appearances. — These are similar to those attendant on irritative or corrosive 
poisoning. There are frequently shrivelling of the tongue, and enlargement of the 
papillae and root. In some cases, red and black spots in the cavities of the heart. 
Corrosion, ulceration, and disorganization of the mucous coat of the stomach and 
intestines. An inflamed condition of the urinary organs is also frequently observed. 

Tests. — Corrosive sublimate in a solid state : Is sublimed when heated in a test- 
tube; and the acrimonious fumes speedily condense into a crystalline, semi-transparent 
mass. Placed in a test-tube, and potassa or soda added in solution, a yellow (peroxide 
of mercury) precipitate is thrown down (lime has the same effect). Triturated with 
an equal weight of well-dried carbonate of potassa, metallic globules of mercury will 
become visible. 

In solution: Ammonia sends down a white (ammonio-chloride of mercury) pre- 
cipitate. Solution of proto-chlonde of tin affords a (calomel) precipitate, which 
at first is white, but acquires a leaden color on adding more of said test; when 
this precipitate (after being well agitated) is dried, minute globules of quicksilver are 



poisons. 489 



formed. Transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen produces a (bisidplmret of mercury) 
precipitate, which at first is leaden-colored, then black. Solution of iodide of potas- 
sium affords an intensely brilliant scarlet (proto-ioduret of mercury) precipitate. 
Corrosive sublimate may be reduced to the metallic state through galvanic influence 
applied as follows : A drop of the suspected fluid being laid on a piece of polished gold, 
and both it and the gold touched at the same instant by a point of iron (as a thick 
needle, or the end of a penknife), a small silvery coating of mercury soon becomes 
apparent on the gold. Being most soluble in sulphuric ether, addition of this fluid is 
of much service when the poison is found mingled with organic or other matters. 

The Bicyanide: When heated in a tube, cyanogen gas is evolved, which, when 
inflamed at the mouth, burns with a rose-red flame, with a blue halo. 

Calomel: Is sublimated by heat. When heated along with potash, it at first 
assumes a black appearance, and then quicksilver globules are observed. Hydro- 
sulphuret of ammonia is equally valuable in treatment of calomel, as in the fore- 
going. 

The Iodide: On cautious application of heat, it sublimes in red-colored crys- 
tals, which soon change to yellow, and subsequently to a dusky hue. On exposure 
to a sufficient degree of heat, iodine fumes are disengaged. When mixed with 
potash (in equal weights) and heated in a test-tube, decomposition occurs; metallic 
mercury being sublimed, and iodide of potassium deposited in the tube. 

Red Precipitate : Exposed to heat in a test-tube, metallic mercury is sublimed; 
evolution of oxygen being at the same time demonstrable. 

The Persulphate: Treated in same manner as foregoing, sublimation of the 
mercury takes place; and sulphurous acid gas is perceptibly evolved. 

Treatment. If vomiting does not already exist, it must be produced by the ex- 
hibition of emetics. Various antidotes have been suggested for this poison. The 
best appears to be albumen of eggs in continuous large doses, and infusion of 
catechu afterwards; sweet milk; mixtures of flour with water (for sake of gluten) 
in successive cupfuls; iron filings (emetics of tartrate of antimony have been re- 
commended, to combat ptyalism, when present); but to check excessive salivation, 
small doses of the chlorate of potassa appear to be the most successful. 

Morphia. See Vegetable Poisons. Opium. 

Nux Vomica. See Vegetable Poisons. 

Opium. See Vegetable Poisons. 

PnosPHortus. — A corrosive poison. 

Symptom* are protracted in their appearance. A hot alliaceous taste in the mouth ; 
acrid burning sensation in the throat and stomach; nausea and vomiting. The vomited 
matters are of a dark color, and emit white fumes; pulse small and frequent; fre- 
quently violent convulsions. 

Morbid Appearances. — A general inflammatory appearance of the stomach and 
intestines, with sphacelated spots in various parts. 

Tests. — The peculiarity of its odor; its highly inflammable property, when only 
moderately heated. 

Treatment. — Mixture of magnesia and cold water, in repeated draughts. Promote 
continuous vomiting by tickling application of a feather to the fauces. The exhibi- 
tion of oil is injurious, as it tends to dissolve the phosphorus. 

Strychnia. — See Vegetable Poisons. Nux vomica. 

Tin. — This is not poisonous in a metallic state ; but some of its salts, as the chlorides, 
are violent irritants. 

Symptoms. — An austere metallic taste; constriction of the throat, impeded respira- 
tion, violent vomiting, cramp of the stomach and violent colic, purging, pulse small 
and quick, convulsions, sometimes paralysis, asphyxia. 



490 POISONS. 

Morbid Appearances.— Inflammation and erosion of the stomach and intestines. 

p ests _Chloride of gold gives a deep purple-brown, almost black precipitate. 
Nitrate of silver affords a white precipitate, insoluble in nitric acid. Sulphuretted 
hvdro^en throws down a deep chocolate-brown precipitate, even m diluted solutions. 

Treatment —Copious draughts of milk; then excite vomiting. Inflammatory symp- 
toms to be combated by antiphlogistics, and nervous irritation by opiates and anti- 
spasmodics. 

Vegetable Poisons.— These are very numerous, and possessed of the most dif- 
ferent qualities; some being mere irritants, others narcotic irritants— whilst another 
class are pure narcotics. 

Irritants —This includes a great number of vegetable substances, the principal 
of which are aloes, arum, capsicum, colocynth, creasote, croton^ seeds, elaterium, 
euphorbium, gamboge, jalap, mezereon, ricinus or castor seeds, savin, scammony, &c. 

Symptoms— Many of these articles act especially on the bowels, and in moderate 
doses are efficaciously used as purgatives. In large doses, they cause hypercatharsis, 
and much irritation of the stomach and bowels. 

Morbid Appearances.— These are various degrees of inflammation of the stomach 

an Tes7— None by means of reagents. The rich yellow color of gamboge may some- 
times prove a means of its detection; and familiar acquaintance with others ot the 
above substances may lead to their recognition by smell, taste, &c. 

Treatment.— The expulsion of the poison by means of emetics, and, when this is 
effected, copious demulcent drinks in a warm state; succeeded by liquid cordial, 
stimulant, or opiate medicines suited to particular circumstances. 

Narcotics.— This is a small class of the vegetable poisons, the most important of 
which are opium, hydrocyanic acid, and hyoscyamus. 

#SLs.— Drowsiness, stupor, perfect insensibility, followed by delirium or pro- 
found coma; pallid countenance, deep and stertorous breathing, cold sweats, slow and 
full pulse, cold and livid skin, suspension of all the secretions except perspiration; 
sometimes convulsions, particularly in children. m 

Morbid Appearances.- Sometimes redness of the stomach and intestines, fluidity 
of the blood, engorgement of the lungs; but the only post-mortem appearance that 
appears to occur in all cases is tumescence of the vessels of the bram, sometimes with 
effusion of water on its surface or into the ventricles. But this condition of the brain 
does not furnish of itself any evidence of poisoning by opium, as it is frequently iound 
to arise from a variety of other causes. . 

Tests —Opium in substance : its peculiar taste, color, and odor (especially the latter 
quality when arising from opium in a softened or moist state, and more so if it be 
moderately heated; as when just obtained from the stomach). 

In solution: Nitric acid throws down a red-colored (nitrate of morphia) precipitate. 
Tincture of the muriate of iron produces a (meconate of iron) deposit, which is also 

^ When the suspected fluid has been procured from the stomach it usually contains 
a mingling of organic substances; these must be broken down, and the whole rendered 
sufficiently fluid by addition of distilled water when necessary, then slightly acidulated 
with acetic acid; the liquor thus obtained, when well agitated, and filtered must be 
evaporated to thickness of syrup. And, after being digested with alcohol, it must be 
boiled, and again concentrated to nearly the consistence of syrup When this alco- 
holic extract (as it has been called) is dissolved in distilled water, solution of ammonia 
cautiously added produces a (morphia) precipitate, which acquires^ yellow color when 
nitric acid is dropped into it. When the last named precipitate is removed by filtra- 
tion, and acetate of lead added to the supernatant (meconate of ammonia) liquor, a 
(meconate of lead) deposit is afforded; which, when suspended m water, is decomposed 



poisons. 491 



by transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen; a dark precipitate being thereby thrown 
down. The fluid remaining from this last process acquires a deep cherry-red hue on 
addition of the sesquichloride of iron. 

Morphia in the solid state : Is soluble only in a slight degree in water. Nitric 
acid turns it first to an orange, and then to a deep orange-reel. Cbloride of iron gives 
an inky-blue color, which is destroyed by acids. Iodic acid is decomposed by mor- 
phia. To show this, the acid is to be mixed with starch ; on the addition of morphia, 
the iodine combines with the starch, which becomes of a blue color, if the quantity is 
large, or of a reddish or purplish tint, if small. 

Treatment. — The stomach to be evacuated by means of the stomach-pump, as 
speedily as possible. This is to be pursued until the water used no longer has the 
smell or taste of opium. When a stomach-pump cannot be procured, emetics of sul- 
phate of zinc are to be administered, until the stomach is freed ; strong decoctions of 
tea or coffee are found useful in the intervals. Cold affusions on the head, chest, and 
spine have been used with great success. Flagellation and other means of arousing 
the patient from a state of lethargy must also be employed. Bleeding should not be 
resorted to until all the poison has been eliminated, as the abstraction of blood tends 
to promote absorption. The administration of vinegar is also objectionable. The 
best liquid that can be given is a strong decoction of coffee. The various antidotes 
that have been recommended are useless. 

Hyoscyamus. 

Symptoms. — Sickness, stupor, dimness of sight and delirium, followed by coma and 
much dilatation of the pupils ; pulse at first hard, but becoming weak and tremulous ; 
petechia often making their appearance before death. 

Morbid Appearances. — Inflammation of the stomach, bowels, and brain. 

Tests. — There are no tests that can be relied upon, except a recognition of the plant 
and the nature of the symptoms. 

Treatment. — The speedy evacuation of the poison, by means of emetics and purga- 
tives, and the subsequent use of acidulous drinks. 

Narcotico-Irritants. — These are very closely allied in their effects to the last 
class, but have a more direct action on the spinal marrow and nerves, as shown by 
the more frequent occurrence of convulsions and paralysis. They differ much from 
each other in their action on the system; most of them, however, owing their proper- 
ties to the presence of an alkaloidal principle. The most important are : digitalis, 
vcratrum, conium, colchicum, lobelia, aconitum, belladonna, stramonium, tobacco, nux 
vomica, &c. 

Symptoms. — These are various, but in general are vertigo, coma, delirium, paralysis, 
or convulsions, with disturbance and pain in the stomach and intestines. Those belong- 
ing to the nux vomica tribe have marked effects on the spinal marrow, causing tetanus 
and convulsions, but seldom coma or delirium ; whilst, on the other hand, squill and 
foxglove produce symptoms of narcotism, preceded by vomiting, and other signs of 
irritant action on the stomach. 

Morbid Appearances. — These, like the symptoms, are very various. In some cases, 
there is inflammation of the stomach and intestines; in others, this is wholly wanting. 
Where there have been symptoms of cerebral disturbance, traces of congestion of the 
brain are usually discernible, but are not found in every case. 

Tests. — Most of these poisons, as before said, owe their deleterious powers to the 
presence of an alkaloidal principle, which is exceedingly difficult to detect by chemical 
tests; hence the strongest evidence is to be derived from an inspection of the frag- 
ments of the plant itself, if it has been administered in substance ; but this mode of 
discrimination fails where the poison has been taken in the form of extract, infusion, 
or decoction. In such cases, the only reliance is on the symptoms and concomitant 
circumstances. 

Treatment — This consists in the prompt use of emetics, or the stomach-pump, fol- 
lowed by the administration of purgatives. No antidote can be relied upon ; but, as 



492 



POISONS. 



tannin decomposes these alkaloids, the free use of decoctions or infusions containing 
it may be resorted to with advantage. 

Zinc. — This has no poisonous properties in a metallic state, but several of its salts 
possess active powers. Of these, the sulphate or white vitriol is the most common 
and most likely to occasion unpleasant symptoms. 

Symptoms. — Pain in the abdomen, violent vomiting and diarrhoea, quick pulse, 
paleness and contraction of the features, coldness of the extremities. There is always 
a very austere taste in the mouth. 

Morbid Appearances. — Marks of inflammation in the stomach and intestines. 

Tests. — Ammonia gives a white precipitate, soluble in an excess of the alkali. 
Chromate of potassa affords an orange-red deposit, the chromate of zinc. 

Treatment. — The free exhibition of warm water with milk. Infusions containing 
tannin. Where the poison has entered the bowels, emollient clysters are to be given. 



TABLE OF POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 

The following table, from Taylor " On Poisons," gives a succinct view of the most 
approved antidotes for the several poisons noticed in the foregoing pages : — 



Non-Metallic Poisons 
Poisons, 
f Sulphuric, 



Mineral Acids. 

Vegetable Acids. 
Salts. - - - 

Alkalies. - - 
Salts - - - 



j Nitric, 
1 Muriatic, 
[ Nitro-Muriatic. 
f Oxalic, 
| Tartaric. 

iBinoxalate of potassa. 
Bitartrate of potassa. 



Antidotes. 

Magnesia mixed with water or milk ; car- 
bonate of lime; compound chalk pow- 
der; soda, potassa. 

< Carbonate of lime. 

Carbonate of lime. Sulphate of lime 

and water. 
Carbonate of soda in solution. 
( Potassa, soda, ammo- f 
1 nia, and their car- < Vinegar, lemon juice, citric acid, oil. 
(^ bonates. (^ 

f Baryta and its soluble Sulphate of soda, potassa, magnesia or 
I salts. lime. 

1 Carbonate of baryta. Mixture of sulphate of magnesia and 
vinegar. 
Alum. Carbonate of soda or ammonia. 



Arsenic and soluble arsenites. 

Corrosive sublimate and salts of mer- 
cury. 
Soluble salts of lead. 
Carbonate of lead. 

Soluble salts of copper. 
Tartar emetic. 

Chloride of antimony. 
Salts of tin. 

Sulphate or acetate of zinc. 
Sulphate of iron. 
Nitrate of silver. 



Metallic Poisons. 

C Hydrated oxide of iron; hydrated mag- 
1 nesia. 

( Mixture of oil and lime water. 
(Albumen, gluten or flour, diffused in 
| water. 

The alkaline sulphates. 

Sulphate of magnesia and vinegar, 
f Albumen, gluten, flour diffused in water; 
1 milk. 

j Decoctions and tinctures containing tan- 
\ nin. 

Magnesia. 

Carbonate of soda; magnesia. 

Milk; carbonate of soda; magnesia. 

Milk ; carbonate of soda ; magr 

Carbonate of soda or ammonia. 

Chloride of sodium. 



poisons. 493 



Narcotic Poisons. 

{Emetics; stomach pump ; cold affusion. 
Strong decoction of coffee; electro- 
magnetism. 
Prussic acid. Ammonia; chlorine; cold affusion. 

MODES OF DISTINGUISHING SOME OE THE VEGETABLE ALKALOIDS, WHEN IN 
POWDER. 

Treat the powder with nitric acid; this is colored red by Brucia, Delphia, Morphia, 
and by the Strychnia of commerce, but not the pure. If the reddened acid becomes 
violet on the addition of protochloride of tin, it is Brucia; if it becomes black and 
carbonaceous, it is Delphia. If the powder is fusible without decomposition, and 
decomposes iodic acid, it is Morphia; if it is not fusible without decomposition, and 
does not decompose iodic acid, it is Strychnia. If the powder strikes a green with 
nitric acid, it is Soiania; if insoluble in ether, and does not redden nitric acid, it is 
Emetia; if soluble in ether, does not redden nitric acid, but melts and volatilizes with 
heat, it is Atropia; if thus affected by ether or nitric acid, but does not volatilize, it 
is Veratria. 



INDEX 



DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 



Abscess. Lead oint., 817. Lead cataplasm, 317. Soap cataplasm, 362. 

Abscess, Mammary. Liniment acet. lead, 314. Oint. iod. potass, and morphia, 323. 

Acidity op Stomach. Ammonia, 91. Lime water and milk, 135, 136. Prepared 
chalk, 136. Alkaline infusion cascarilla, 150. Milk and soda water, 261. Mag- 
nesia mixt., 269. Carbonate potass., 331. Alkaline tincture, rhubarb, 351. Pur- 
gative pastilles, 366. Carb. soda, 381. Lozenges, soda, 382. 

Acne. Wash of benzoin, 129. Oint. subacetate lead, 315. Compound powder 
sulphur, 393. 

Amaurosis. Ainmoniac mixture, 98. Anemone, 102. Comp. powder sulphate 
mercury, 245. Pills strychnia, 390. Collyrium and liniment strychnia, 390. 
Powder white hellebore, 408. 

Amenorrhea. Hiera picra, 82, and other preparations of aloes. Injection ammonia, 
91. Muriate ammonia, 95. De Haen's pills, 97. Iodide calcium, 135. Can- 
tharides and savine, 141. Infusion dittany, 185. Metallic iron, 200. Bolus 
metallic iron, 200. Ammoniated iron, 201. Ointment bromide iron, 202. Pills 
carbonate iron, 203. Mixture chloride iron, 204. Lozenges iodide iron, 206. 
Ointment iodide iron, 208. Black oxide iron, 211. Phosphate iron, 212. Sul- 
phate iron, 211. Hooper's pills, 211. Compound galbanum pills, 217. Com- 
pound infusion gentian, 220. Compound tincture guaiacum, 227. Ammoniated 
tincture guaiacum, 228. Infusion pennyroyal, 229. Bacher's pills, 230. Tinc- 
ture black hellebore, 230. Compound pills iodide mercury, 242. Saturated tincture 
iodine, 251. Clyster iodine, 252. Muriate manganese, 273. Horehound, 274. 
Myrrh and sulphate iron, 280. Tincture myrrh and hellebore, 287. Madder, 354. 
Decoction madder, 854. Savine and ginger, 856. Savine pills, 856. Oil savine, 
357. Compound infusion senna, 372. Mixture of borax, 881. 

Anasarca. Calomel and squill, 240. Crernor tartar, 338. Mixture dandelion, 398. 

Anaesthetic Remedies. Sulphuric ether, 80. Chloroform, 159. 

Angina Pectoris. Assafetida and musk, 117. 

Angina Syphilitic. Mercurial gargle, 233. 

Aphonia. Decoction arnica, 113. 

Aphthae. Decoction wild indigo, 124. Decoction barbcny, 129. New Jersey tea, 
154. Chlorine, 158. Infusion goldthread, 179. Collutory crcasote, 182. Soot 
mouth wash, 216. Collutory rbatauy, 260. Mixture carbonate potass., 333. Lo- 
zenges borax, 380. Collutory borax, 380. Honey borax, 380. 

Arsenic, Poisoning by. IlyJrated oxide of iron, 209. 

Ascarides. Suppository aloes, 84. Injection aloes, 85. Clyster Southern wood, 
114. Assafetida and iron, 117. Clyster assafetida, 118. Clyster camphor, 
140. Compound tincture tartrate of iron, 213. Mixture senna, 855. Infusion 
tansy, 397. 



496 INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 



Ascites. Electuary Per. bark and iron, 164. Pill foxglove, 196. Foxglove and 
tartaric acid, 191. Elaterium mixture, 194. Gamboge mixture, 219. Cremor 
tartar, 338. Mixture dandelion, 398. 

Asthma. Ammoniac pill, 97. Ammoniac mixture, 98. Assafetida mixture, 117. 
Benzoin, 128. Catalpa, 152. Tincture larkspur, 189. Pill foxglove, 193. Gal- 
banum mixture, 217. Henbane and squill, 249. Mixture elecampane, 250. 
Oxymel elecampane, 251. Ipecacuanha and carbonate potass., 253. Ipecacuanha 
and nitre, 253. Ipecacuanha and foxglove, 254. Tincture lobelia, 268. Opium 
and foxglove, 296. Opium and castor, 297. Solution cyanide potass., 320. 
Scillitic acetate potass., 329. Mixture extract elder berries, 359. Squill and 
ammoniac, 367. Compound tincture squill and benzoin, 369. Compound stra- 
monium pills, 388. 

Atrophy. Mixture eggs, 305. 

Bed Sores. Alum liniment, 89. Mixture of tincture camphor, 140. Carbonate 

lead ointment, 316. Liniment and ointment tannate of lead, 318. 
Bladder, Diseases op. Emulsion cantharides, 142. Buchu, 192. Pareira brava, 

306. Paullinia, 307. Mixture carbonate soda and copaiba, 382. Compound 

powder uva ursi, 404. 
Bones, Pains op. Decoction mezereon, 278. Tincture acetate strychnia, 391. 
Bronchitis. Anisated ammoniated alcohol, 94. Nitrate of silver, 111. Indian 

turnip, 115. Iodide calcium, 135. Creasote pills, 181. Monesia, 279. Linctus 

opium, 299. 
Bubo. Mercurial plaster, 235. Anodyne ointment, 299. Plaster acetate lead, 314. 

Lead ointment, 317. Lead cataplasm, 317. 
Burns, Scalds. Ointment wild indigo, 124. Lotion benzoin, 129. Solution 

chlorinated lime, 134. Lime water and oil, 135. Compound creasote ointment, 

182. Carded cotton, 224. Cerate cherry laurel, 264. Liniment flaxseed, 267. 

Kentish's ointment, 293. Liniment eggs, 305. Basilicon ointment, 348. 

Calculous Affections. Draught muriatic acid, 74. Phosphate of ammonia, 96. 
Lime water and carbonate potass., 135. Wild potato, 177. Mixture Prussian 
blue, 206. Nitrate of iron, 209. Magnesia and gentian, 270. Solution nitro- 
saccharate lead, 318. Solution caustic potass., 329. Mixture bicarbonate potass., 
334. Pills carbonate soda, 381. Lozenges carbonate soda, 381. Injection car- 
bonate soda, 382. Uva ursi, 404. 

Calculi, Biliary. Turpentine and ether, 293. 

Cancer. Arsenical powder, 69. Solution of arsenic, 69. Injection alum, 89. 
Acetate ammonia, 92. Iodide arsenic, 113. Chloride gold, 121. Chloride barium, 
125. Compound pills belladonna, 127. Extract marigold, 137. Ointment mari- 
gold, 138. Carrot ointment, 148. Infusion hemlock, 175. Cataplasm hemlock, 
178. Arseniate of iron, 201. Pills red oxide iron, 212. Compound soot oint- 
ment, 216. Hop ointment, 232. Infusion cherry laurel, 264. Ointment cherry 
laurel, 264. Ointment turpentine, 269. Ointment carbonate lead, 316. Oint- 
ment chloride lead, 316. Lotion chloride lead, 316. Ointment iodide potass, and 
opium, 323. Solution chloride soda, 383. Chloride zinc, 412. 

Cancrum Oris. Pyroligneous acid, 69. Solution chloride potass., 334. 

Cardialgia. Oil of wormwood, 64. Mixture boracic acid, 70. Acetic ether, 79. 
Ammonia, 91. Lime water and potass., 136. Pills gentian and ammonia, 220. 
Magnesia mixture, 269. Nux vomica, 288. Rhubarb and chalk, 348. Carbonate 
soda and rhubarb, 381. 

Caries. Phosphoric acid, 75. Creasote ointment, 182. 

Cataract. Anemone, 102. 

Catarrh. Gum mixture, lozenges, &c, 66. Mixture benzoic acid, 70. Garlic, 81. 
Ammoniated anisated alcohol, 94. Ammoniac mixture, 98. Ammoniac and nitric 



INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 497 

acid, 98. Almond emulsion, 101. Starch lozenges, 102. Lozenges kermes 
mineral, 106. Syrup kermes mineral, 106. Catechu and liquorice, 152. Powder 
spermaceti, 155. Spermaceti mixture, 155. Mixture bittersweet, 194. Prepared 
liquorice, 224. Mixture henbane, 249. Compound pills elecampane, 250. Mix- 
ture elecampane, 250. Compound oxymel elecampane, 251. Ipecacuanha lozenges, 
254. Lozenges ipecacuanha and camphor, 254. Lozenges lactucarium, 263. 
Horehound syrup and candy, 273. Pectoral hydromel, 276. Mixture balsam 
Peru, 285. Myrrh and squills, 286. Solution cyanide potass., 320. Nitrate 
potass, and orris root, 335. Syrup red poppies, 352. Squill and ipecacuanha, 367. 
Seneka and prep., 371-2. Sulphur and liquorice, 393. Sulphur and orris root, 
393. Turpentine and myrrh, 399. Emulsion balsam tolu, 401. Mixture tolu 
and morphia, 401. 

Cephalalgia. Asarabacca, 115. "Ward's essence, 140. Liniment oil amber, 392. 

Cerebral Affections. Clyster tartar emetic, 108. Cataplasm horseradish, 112. 
Clyster colocynth, 173. Infusion galium, 218. Mixture borotartrate potass., 331. 
Clyster common salt and arnica, 379. 

Chancre. Syrup gold, 120. Ointment gold, 120. Creasote lotion, 182. Mer- 
curial lotion, 233. Mercurial liniment, 235. Black wash, 244. 

Chaps. Glycerin, 233. Anodyne ointment, 299. Liniment carbonate potass., 332. 
Cold cream, 352. Ointment elder leaves, 359. Camphor soap, 360. 

Chilblains. Muriatic acid lotion, 74. Sulphuric acid liniment, 76. Alum oint- 
ment, 90. Solution chloride lime, 134. Camphor ointment, 140. Compound 
ointment creasote, 183. Ointment henbane, 249. Lotion iodine, 251. Liniment 
balsam Peru, 285. Turpentine lotion, 292. Embrocation petroleum, 307. Soap 
iodide potass., 323. Lotion carbonate potass., 332. Liniment pellitory, 340. 
Rose oil, 352. Mustard liniment, 378. Borax ointment, 381. 

Chlorosis. Pills aloes and iron, 82. De Ilaen's pills, 97. Metallic iron, 200. 
Compound powder metallic iron, 200. Pills metallic iron, 200. Bolus ammoniated 
iron, 201. Pills carbonate iron, 203. Tincture chloride iron, 204. Bath iodide 
iron, 208. Black oxide iron, 210. Electuary black oxide iron, 210. Sulphate 
iron, 211. Bland's pills, 211. Syrup sulphate iron, 212. Tartrate of iron and 
potass., 212. Taunatc iron, 213. Compound galbanum pills, 217. Oxide man- 
ganese, 273. Chocolate with paullinia, 307. Compound rhubarb pills, 349. 
Decoction madder, 354. Compound powder valerian, 405. 

Cholera. Mixture nitric acid, 74. Liniment nitric acid, 74. Compound bismuth 
powder, 130. Camphor powder, 138. Extract hemp, 141. Infusion logwood, 
228. Sugar milk draught, 261. Opium and acetate lead, 297. Compound pill 
acetate lead, 314. Mixture bicarbonate potass., 334. Compound powder chloride 
potass., 334. Plaster sulphate quinine, 347. 

Cholera Infantum. Milk and suet, 261. Acetate lead, 313. Infusion Benne, 377. 

Chorea. Ammoniated copper, 186. Carbonate iron, 202. Mixture Dippel's animal 
oil, 289. Mixture cyanide potass., 320. Oxide zinc, 410. Ethereal tincture 
chloride zinc, 411. 

Colic. Alkaline tincture wormwood, 04. Aniseed, 103. Dewees' carminative, 
118, 270. Clyster assafetida, 118. Infusion caraway, 148. Embrocation cara- 
way, 149. Clove plaster, 149. Infusion catnep, 152. Infusion cinnamon, 167. 
Infusion fennel, 215. Oil pennyroyal, 229. Oil laurel, 267. Mace, 269. 
Dalby's carminative, 270. Plaster opium and camphor, 298. Opium liniment, 
:i<>:;. Cataplasm black pepper, 310. Emulsion carbonate potass., 332. Tinct. 
rhubarb and gentian, 350. Compound sagapenum pills, 357. Tercbinthinate 
balsam sulphur, 394. Infusion tobacco, 396. Clyster turpentine, 399. Turpen- 
tine mixture, 400. 

Colica Pictonum. Sulphuretted water, 73. Sulphuric acid lemonade, 76. Alum 
julep, 89. Alum mixture, 90. Liniment belladonna, 128. Opium and sulphur, 
290. Opium and cinnamon water, 300. 
32 



498 INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 

Condylomata. Lotion corrosive sublimate and camphor, 238. Eed oxide mercury, 
244. 

Constipation. Acetic acid clyster, 68. Preparations aloes, 82. Assafetida and 
aloes, 82. Pills elaterium, 194. Extract butternut, 257. Compound pills buck- 
bean, 278. Compound rhubarb pills, 349. Rhubarb and ox gall, 349. Com- 
pound solution sulphate of soda, 384. Rochelle salts, 385. Compound powder 
sulphur, 393. Clyster turpentine, 399. 

Contusions. Sulph. acid and alcohol, 76. Lotion sal ammoniac, 95. Liniment 
sal ammoniac, 95. Arnica and rue, 113. Lotion sulphate copper, 188. Cata- 
plasm hops, 232. Arquebusade water, 298. Compound spirit nutmeg, 285. 
Fomentation carbonate potass., 332. Lotion nitrate potass., 336. Wine of roses, 
353. Aromatic fomentation, 353. Aromatic vinegar, 353. Fomentation common 
salt, 378. Turpentine liniment, 399. 

Convulsions. Garlic, 81. Assafetida mixture, 117. Musk clyster, 284. 

Cornea, Affections of. Anemone, 102. Ointment cyanide silver, 110. Oint- 
ment iodide silver, 111. Ointment sulphate cadmium, 133. Powder calomel and 
sugar, 239. Compound oiut. cod liver oil, 290. Collyrium caustic potass., 329. 
Collyrium carbonate potass., 332. 

Corns. Plaster ammonia, 91. Verdigris ointment, 186. Verdigris plaster, 186. 
Lotion iodine, 251. 

Corrosive Sublimate, Antidote. Powder gold and iron, 120. 

Coryza. Lozenges cubebs, 184. Injection opium, 297. 

Cough. Mixture gum Arabic, 65. Almond emulsion, 100. Green linctus, 100. 
White linctus, 101. Antimonial wine and ammoniac, 109. Assafetida and squill, 
117. Camphorated cough mixture, 141. Tincture cochineal, 169. Mixture 
quince seeds, 189. Barley sugar, 231. Lactucarium, 262. Brown cough mix- 
ture, 303. Opiate linctus, 303. Pectoral syrup, 306. Mixture oil amber, 392. 
Mixture tolu and belladonna, 401. Oxide zinc, 410. 

Cramp in the Stomach. Ammoniated tincture of castor, 151. Ferrocyanide 
zinc, 412. 

Croup. Sulphuretted syrup, 95. Sulphate copper, 187. Syrup sulphuret potass., 
327. Compound syrup sulphuret potass., 327. Mixture sulphuret potass., 328. 
Compound syrup squill, 368. Oxymel squill and valerian, 369. Mixture seneka, 
372. Cataplasm tobacco, 396. 

Cutaneous Diseases. Hydrosulphuretted bath, 72. Muriatic acid bath, 74. 
Lotion alum, 89. Arseniate ammonia, 92. Hydriodate ammonia, 94. Sulphur- 
etted hydrosulphate ammonia, 95. Sulphuret antimony, 105. Lotion tartar 
emetic, 108. Iodide arsenic, 113. Donovan's solution, 114. Chloride barium, 
123. Solution bromine, 130. Lime ointment, 136. Anthracokali, 146. Oint- 
ment iodide carbon, 147. Creasote ointment, 182. Decoction bittersweet, 193. 
Extract bittersweet, 194. Mixture soot, 216. Fuligokali, 216. Decoction 
guaiacum, 226. Guaiacum and sulphur, 227. Compound mercurial powder, 233. 
Solution acetate mercury, 236. Ointment white precipitate, 236. Batcman's 
lotion, 238. Plummer's pill, 240. Calomel ointment, 241. Ointment red iodide 
mercury, 243. Ointment nitrate mercury, 243. Ointment sulphate mercury, 246. 
Black sulphuret mercury, 246. Bed sulphuret mercury, 246. Muriate manga- 
nese, 273. Compound decoction mezereon, 279. Cod liver oil, 290. Phosphorated 
cerate, 309. Pills Burgundy pitch, 312. Tar water, 312. Lotion cyanide potass., 
321. Ointment iodide potassa and mercury, 323. Ioduretted water, 323. Sul- 
phuret potassa, 326. Lotion sulphuret potass., 329. Barlow's lotion, 327. Mix- 
ture sulphuret potass., 328. Aromatic bath, 353. Extract elder berries, 359. 
Sarsaparilla, 362-5. Ointment bromide soda, 379. Sulphuret soda, 379. Ar- 
seniate soda, 380. Soda and ipecacuanha, 381. Ointment carbonate soda, 382. 
Hydrosulphate soda, 383. Compound pills sulphuret soda, 384. Lotion sulphuret 
soda, 385. Sulphur and cremor tartar, 393. Poison oak, 402. Decoction elm 
bark ; 403. Decoction white hellebore, 408. Iodide zinc, 412. 



INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 499 

Deafness. Cayenne pepper lozenges, 145. Acoustic balsam, 285. Injection caustic 
potass., 329. 

Debility. Preparations cacao, 132. Camphor mixture, 139. Hartshorn jelly, 180. 
Preparations iron, 200. Barley meal, 231. Clyster eggs, 305. Mixture eggs, 
Chocolate and Paullinia, 306. 

Delirium Tremens. Opium and musk, 296. Laudanum and tartar emetic, 304. 

Diabetes. Phosphoric acid, 75. Hydrosulphate ammonia, 94. Compound pilh 
ammoniated copper, 187. Compound pills kino, 259. Pills acetate morphia, 281. 
Carbonate potass, and ammonia, 334. Sulphur mixture, 394. 

Diarrhoea. Tannic acid, 76. Acetate alumine, 87. Alum, 87-8. Angustura,, 
103. Mixture chamomile, 104. Antimonial wine and laudanum, 109. Arnica, 
112. Dewees' carminative, 118, 270. Clyster bistort., 130. Compound powder 
chalk, 136. Lozenges chalk, 136. Chalk mixture, 137. Camphor water and 
laudanum, 139. Camphor water and nitric acid, 139. Compound cascarilla pow- 
der, 150. Catechu, 152. Chlorine clyster, 159. Peruvian bark and rhatany, 163. 
Electuary Peruvian bark, 164. Infusion columbo and ginger, 174. Columbo and 
cascarilla, 174. Creasote mixture, 182. Sulphate copper, 187. Electuary sul- 
phate copper, 188. Wine persimmons, 193. Infusion black purslane, 195. Mix- 
ture ammoniated iron, 201. Persesquinitrate iron, 209. Compound infusion galls, 
218. Syrup galls, 218. G-eranium, 222. Decoction pomegranate rind, 225. 
Infusion logwood, 228. Electuary logwood, 228. Compound powder kino, 258. 
Electuary kino, 259. Compound powder rhatany, 259. Monesia, 279. Injection 
acetate morphia, 281. Opium and chalk, 296. Koasted opium, 296. Plaster 
opium and camphor, 298. Mixture wine of opium, 301. Sedative mixture, 306. 
Bolus allspice, 309. Acetate lead, 313. Acetate lead mixture, 315. Decoction 
oak bark, 342. Confection acorns, 342. Boasted rhubarb, 348. Bhubarb mix- 
ture, 357. Confection dog rose, 352. Electuary roses, 353. Decoction black- 
berry root, 354. Infusion benne, 377. Hardhack, 386. Compound turpentine 
plaster, 400. Tormentil, 401. Infusion slippery elm, 403. 

Disinfection. Prophylactic vinegar, 68. G-aseous muriatic acid, 73. Chloride of 
lime, 134. Chlorine, 158. Solution chloride potass., 320. Solution chloride 
soda, 383. 

Dropsy. Indian hemp, 109. Infusion horseradish, 112. Compound spirit horse- 
radish, 112. Decoction asparagus, 116. Extract asparagus, 116. Chloride gold 
and soda, 121. Hairy horehound, 124. Wine bryony, 131. Camphorated ethereaL 
tincture cantharides, 143. Vinegar cayenne pepper, 145. Infusion carrot seeds, 
148. Celandine, 157. Pipsissewa, 157. Black snakeroot, 160. Vinegar col- 
chicum, 171. Colchicum and squill, 172. Horsebalm, 172. Colocynth, 172. 
Powdered foxglove, 190. Pills foxglove, 191. Infusion foxglove, 191. Elaterium, 
194. Canada fleabane, 197. Gamboge, 219. Black hellebore, 229. Bacher's 
pills, 230. Compound wine black hellebore, 230. Jalap and cremor tartar, 256. 
Compound powder jalap, 256. Compound infusion juniper, 257. Preparations 
juniper, 257. Mustard whey, 201. Aromatic tincture lettuce, 263. Starkey's 
soap, 293, 360. Embrocation petroleum, 307. Mixture petroleum, 308. Infu- 
sion parsley root, 308. Solution hydriodate potass., 325. Scillitic acetate potass., 
329. Liquid acetate potass., 330. Mixture acetate potass., 330. Borotartrate 
potass., 331. Nitrate potass, and squill, 335. Mixture nitrate potass., 336. 
Cremor tartar, 338. Tartrate potass, and ammonia, 339. Decoction elder bark, 
359. Confection scammony, 366. Squill, 366-71. Squill and nitrate potass., 
367. Squill and cremor tartar, 307. Infusion and decoction broom, 371. Ace- 
tate soda, 379. Solution carbonate soda, 382. Pills tobacco, 396. Wine tobacco, 
396. Decoction dandelion, 398. Extract dandelion, 398. Electuary turpentine, 
399. Veratria, 407. 

Dropsy, Ovarian. Ointment iodine and mercury, 252. Solution iodide potass., 321. 

Dysentery. Mixture nitric acid, 74. Starch jelly, 102. Starch and suet, 102. 
Angustura, 103. Clyster bistort, 130. Camphor water and laudanum, 139. 



500 INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 

Camphor water and nitric acid, 139. Electuary catechu, 183. Infusion black 
purslane, 198. Mixture extract logwood, 225. Calomel and opium, 239. De- 
coction ipecacuanha, 254. Mixture ipecacuanha, 251. Emulsion jalap, 257. 
Electuary kino, 259. Mixture rhatany, 2G0. Milk and suet, 261. Mixture 
cherry laurel, 264. Injection morphia, 280. Nux vomica, 288. Mixture mix 
vomica and aloes, 289. Oleaginous mixture, 291. Opium and acetate lead, 297. 
Opiate, 298. Plaster opium and camphor, 298. Opium and syrup poppies, 300. 
Confection dogrose, 352. Syrup blackberries, 355. Compound powder sulphur, 
393. Infusion slippery-elm, 403. Compound pills sulphate zinc, 414. 

Dysmenorrhea. Infusion Southern wood, 114. Compound pills ergot, 197. Clys- 
ter iodine, 252. 

Dyspepsia. Wormwood, 64. Aloes pills, 82-84. Aniseed, 103. Orange peel 
and rhubarb, 119. Cayenne pepper pills, 145. Infusion cinnamon, 167. Pow- 
der coriander, 180. Pill prepared metallic iron, 200. Mixture malate iron, 209. 
Nitrate iron, 209. Mixture soot, 216. Infusion gentian and rhubarb, 221. Mix- 
ture gentian and sulphuric acid, 221. Masterwort, 231. Infusion hops, 232. 
Mercury, chalk, and ipecacuanha, 233. Bolus ipecacuanha, 253. Ipecacuanha 
and centaury, 254. Puce jelly, 305. Solution hydrargyro-iodide potass., 325. 
Sulphate potass, and rhubarb, 337. Rhubarb pills, 349. Soda and rhubarb, 381. 
Mixture carbonate soda and quassia, 382. Compound turpentine plaster, 400. 
Oxide zinc and columbo, 410. 

Dyspnoea. Opium and castor, 297. 

Dystjria. Benzoic acid and copaiba, 70. Tartar emetic and phosphate lime, 107. 
Infusion fieabane, 197. Pills nitrate potass., 335. Mixture tobacco, 396. 

Ear, Affections of. Injection morphia, 280. Acoustic balsam, 285. Antiotitic 
mixture, 299. Opium liniment, 303. 

Ecchymosis. Juniper liniment, 258. Lotion nitrate potass., 336. 

Elephantiasis. Mudar, 138. 

Enlargements, Glandular. Ointment animal charcoal, 146. 

Engorgements, Visceral. Pills black oxide iron, 212. Electuary black oxide 
iron, 212. Calomel and dandelion, 240. Calomel and squill, 240. Sulphate 
mercury, 246. Compound powder rhubarb, 348. Tartrate soda and rhubarb, 385. 
Mixture tartrate soda, 385. Tartrate soda whey, 385. Compound infusion dan- 

* delion, 398. 

Epilepsy. Nitrate silver, 111. Belladonna, 126. Oil box, 131. Electuary Pe- 
ruvian bark, 164. Muriate copper, 186. Ammoniated copper, 186. Ammo- 
niated copper and belladonna, 187. Compound pills sulphate copper, 188. 
Ammoniated iron, 201. Prussian blue, 205. Wine galium, 218. Masterwort, 
231. Calomel and opium, 241. Indigo, 250. Opium and nitrate silver, 297. 
Tincture opium and asarabacca, 302. Phosphuretted oil, 308. Mixture biniodide 
potass., 324. Compound powder valerian, 404. Oxide zinc, 410. Compound 
pills oxide zinc, 410. Ethereal tincture chloride zinc, 411. Compound pills sul- 
phate zinc, 414. 

Epistaxis. Alum, 88-9. Sulphate copper styptic, 188. Injection sulphate iron, 
211. 

Excoriation. Cold cream, 155, 352. Carbonate lead ointment, 316. Plaster 
carbonate lead, 316. Ointment tannate lead, 318. Rose oil, 352. Camphor 
soap, 360. Ointment oxide zinc, 411. Cerate carbonate zinc, 413. 

Exanthemata. Compound mercurial powder, 233. Sulphuret magnesia, 272. 
Mixture Vii'ginia snakeroot and allspice, 376. Compound infusion elm bark, 403. 

Eye, Affections of. Atropia, 118. Camphor ointment, 140. Camphor collyrium, 
141. 

Pace, Eruptions on, Blotches, &c. Wash sal ammoniac, 96. Almond paste, 



INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 501 

98. Almond powder, 99. Compound almond lotion, 99. Milk roses, 99, 100, 129. 
Goulard's lotion, 100. Cosmetic liniment, 101. Water anemone, 102. Wash 
of benzoin, 129. Emulsion benzoin, 129. Spermaceti liniment, 155. Sultana 
ointment, 155. Emulsion corrosive sublimate, 237. Cosmetic wash, 238. Lotion 
carbonate potass., 332. Beef marrow soap, 360. Aromatic soap, 360. Cosmetic 
soap powder, 361. Essence of soap, 361. 

Fainting. Aromatic vinegar, 68. Aromatic carbonate of ammonia, 92. 

Fever. Vinegar mixture, 67. Syrup vinegar, 67. Acetate ammonia, 91. Citrate 
ammonia, 94. Nitrate ammonia, 96. Tartar emetic, 107. Mixture extract cen- 
taury, 154. Boneset, 198. Compound powder ammoniated iron, 201. Mixture 
avens, 223. Calomel and jalap, 239. Calomel and nitrate potass., 239. Ipecacu- 
anha and tragacanth, 283. Infusion malt, 272. Citrate potass., 324. Nitrate 
potass., 335. Nitrous powders, 335. Mixture nitrate potass., 336. Mixture sul- 
phate potass., 337. 

Fever, Hectic. Compound infusion boneset, 198. G-oelis' powder, 284. Com- 
pound powder sulphate quinine, 345. Compound infusion sage, 359. 

Fever, Intermittent. Fills arsenic and opium, 70. Lockstadt's pills, 101. 
Golden sulphuret antimony, 106. Tartar emetic and quinine, 107. Electuary 
orange peel, 119. Bebeerinine, 126. Camphor water and ether, 139. Cetrarine, 
156. Preparations Peruvian bark, 160-66. Cinchonia, 166. Decoction coffee, 
170. Dogwood, 180. Pills sulphate copper, 187. Sulphate copper and opium, 
188. Persimmon, 193. Compound powder Prussian blue, 205. Horse chestnut, 
247. Tulip tree bark, 267. Magnolia, 272. Narcotina, 288. Phloridzine, 308. 
Phosphorated oil turpentine, 309. Piperine, 311. Mixture acetate potass., 330. 
Arsenical solution, 330. Arseniate potass., 330. Mixture citrate potass, and bark, 
335. Oxalate potass., 336. Quassia, 341. Oak bark, 341. Quinine and salts, 
242-47. Salicine, 358. Willow bark, 358. Virginia snakeroot, 376. Common 
salt and lemon juice, 319. Arseniate soda, 380. Solution chloride soda, 383. 

Fever, Typhus. Carbonate ammonia, 93. Wild indigo, 124. Clyster camphor, 
140. Liniment can tharides, 143. Tincture cayenne pepper, 145. Musk mixture, 
283. Turpentine mixture, 292. Laudanum and tartar emetic, 303. Egg and 
brandy mixture, 305. Egg and wine mixture, 305. Mixture Virginia snakeroot 
and allspice, 376. Wine Virginia snakeroot and vanilla, 376. Tincture Virginia 
snakeroot and balsam Peru, 376. Mustard whey, 377. 

Fissures, Anus. Ointment acetate lead, 314. 

FiSTULiE. Injections copaiba, 178. Injection corrosive sublimate, 238. Injection 
myrrh, 287. Injection iodide potass., 321. Injection iodine, 324. Compound 
lotion iodide potass., 324. 

Flatulence. Ammoniated alcohol, 94. Tincture angelica, 103. Aniseed, 103. 
Chamomile pills, 104. Tincture assafeticla and soot, 118. Assafetida plaster, 
118. Elixir orange peel, 119. Tincture benzoin, 129. Calamus, 133. Aromatic 
powder and confection, 147. Compound tincture cardamom, 148. Spirit caraway, 
1-19. Preparations cloves, 149. Cinnamon, 167. Coriander, 180. Magnesia 
:nd camphor, 270. Peppermint, 277. Nutmeg, 284. Confection opium, 298. 
^Vater allspice, 309. Electuary black pepper, 310. Compound tincture sassafras, 
•'!*'> 1 . Purgative pastilles, 366. Mixture carbonate soda and gentian, 382. Com- 
pound turpentine plaster, 400. Gingei-, 415. 

FgETOR Oris. Mixture nitric acid, 94. Alum, 88. Lozenges chloride of lime, 131. 
Charcoal lozenges, 140. Lozenges catechu, 153. Pastilles catechu, 153. 

V\\" it, Effects of. Bust's ointment, 90. Oil elatcrium, 195. Compound ointment 
henbane, 249. Embrocation petroleum, 307. 

FUNGOUS FLESH. Burnt alum, 87. Chloride antimony, 105. Lotion orpiment, 
114. Verdigris and savine, 185. Verdigris ointment, 186. 

Ganglionic System, Diseases of. Pills Prussian blue, 200. 



502 INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 



Gangrene. Compound camphor pills, 138. Peruvian bark and arnica, 161. Cata- 
plasm Peruvian bark, 166. Anodyne ointment, 299. Cataplasm oak bark, 342. 

Gastralgia. Mixture aconite, 78. Subnitrate bismuth, 129. Syrup codeia, 169. 

Gastrodynia. Oxide silver, 111. Compound bismuth powder, 129. Compound 
tincture cinnamon, 168. Oil of ergot, 197. Mercurial mixture, 274. 

Glands Enlarged. Plaster ammoniac with mercury, 98. Cataplasm bryony, 131. 
Ointment chloride lime, 134. Animal charcoal, 145. Hemlock and dandelion, 
175. Plaster foxglove, 191. Ointment iodide iron, 208. Compound galbanum 
plaster, 217. Compound mercurial liniment, 235. Ointment iodide mercury, 243. 
Red sulphuret mercury, 246. Liniment henbane, 249. Ethereal tincture iodine, 

251. Mixture iodine and iodide potass., 231. Sulphuret potass., 326. Compound 
plaster sulphuret potass., 328. Burnt sponge, 387. 

Gleet. Tannic acid, 76. Tincture cantharides and guaiacum, 142. Cubebs and 
ergot, 183. Compound powder ergot, 196. Pills guaiacum and turpentine, 227, 
399. Injection chloride zinc, 411. 

Glottis, Spasm op. Cataplasm tobacco, 396. 

Goitre. Solution chloride calcium, 133. Animal charcoal, 145. Iodine ointment, 

252. Cataplasm iodine, 252. Iodide potass., 321. Ointment iodide potass., 322. 
Liniment iodide potass., 323. Sulphuret potass., 326. Burnt sponge, 387. 

Gonorrhoea. Alumine, 87. Alum, 89. Nitrate silver, 112. Assafetida and 
opium, 117. Oil box, 131. Pills chloride calcium, 134. Emulsion hemp, 141. 
Compound bolus catechu, 152. Electuary catechu, 153. Wine Peruvian bark 
and calamus, 166. Copaiba and its preparations, 177-8. Cubebs, 183-4. In- 
jection ammoniated copper, 187. Injection sulphate copper, 188. Compound 
powder ammoniated iron, 201. Injection iodide iron, 208. Pills sulphate iron, 
211. Tincture galls, 218. Oil guaiacum, 227. Injection corrosive sublimate, 
238. Calomel and catechu, 240. Saturated tincture iodine, 251. Injection opium, 
299. Sedative injection, 306. Oil parsley, 308. Acetate lead mixture, 315. 
Injection sulphuret potass., 327. Injection caustic potass., 329. Pills nitrate 
potass, and camphor, 335. Nitrated emulsion, 336. Starkey's soap, 360. Tur- 
pentine and rhubarb, 399. Turpentine mixture, 400. Injection acetate zinc, 413. 
Fomentation sulphate zinc, 414. Injection sulphate zinc, 414. 

Gout. Aconite, 77. Ammoniacal liniment, 91. Carbonate ammonia, 93. Phos- 
phate ammonia, 96. Ammoniacal succinic acid, 97. Golden sulphuret antimony, 
106. Sulphuret calcium, 135. Camphorated ether, 140. Portland powder, 154. 
Pills pipsissewa, 158. Colchicum, 170, 171. Wine hedge hyssop, 226. Pills 
guaiacum and sulphur, 227. Ammoniacal tincture guaiacum, 228. Magnesia and 
colchicum, 270. Confection opium, 298. Phosphorated oil, 308. Mixture 
caustic potass., 329. Solution silicate potass., 337. Warner's cordial, 350-1. 
Extract elder berries, 359. Pills soap and ox gall, 361. Conserve broom, 369. 
Compound tincture senna, 374. Liniment sulphuret carbon, 395. Turpentine 
mixture, 400. Veratria, 407. Wine white hellebore, 418. 

Gravel. Mixture Prussian blue, 206. Carbonate potass, and ammonia, 334. 

Gums, Affections of. Boracic acid, 70. Alumine, 87. Electuary alum, 88. 
Gargle alum, 89. Collutory catechu, 153. Collutory creasote, 182. Gargle sul- 
phate zinc, 414. 

Headache. Mixture vinegar and cardamom, 67. Lotion ammonia, 91. Car- 
bonate ammonia, 93. Vicat's mixture, 94. Ward's essence, 140. Castor plaster, 
151. Sneezewort, 229. Mixture valerian and ammonia, 405. Valerianate 
zinc, 415. 

Hematemesis. Pills acetate lead, 313. 

Hemoptysis. Powder starch, 101. Carrageen mixture, 160. Electuary Peruvian 
bark and catechu, 104. Creasote mixture, 181. Bolus foxglove, 190. Mixture 
tincture foxglove, 191. Sedative mixture, 311. Compound pills acetate lead, 314. 
Tolu mixture, 401. Mixture uva ursi, 404. 



INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 503 



Hemorrhages. Alum, 87, 88. Alum whey, 89. Bistort, 130. Alum and cate- 
chu, 152. Sulphate copper, 187. Compound powder ergot, 196. Extract ergot, 
197. Chloride iron and acetate lead, 204. Tincture chloride iron, 204. Solution 
sulphate iron, 211. Compound powder galls, 218. Avens, 222. Compound 
powder kino, 259. Mixture rhatany, 260. Alum whey, 261. Matico, 275. 
Roasted opium, 296. Opium and acetate lead, 313. Compound pills acetate lead, 
314. Acetate lead, 313. Mixture bistort, 319. Powder sulphate soda and 
opium, 384. 

Hemorrhoids. Aloetic mixture, 85. Alum ointment, 90. Lime. ointment, 136. 
Charcoal suppository, 146. Extract Peruvian bark, 166. Hemlock oil, 176. 
Suppository hemlock, 176. Saffron ointment, 183. Oil elaterium, 195. Oint- 
ment galls, 219. Compound gall ointment, 219. Witch hazel, 229. Ointment 
mercury and belladonna, 235, Ointment red oxide mercury and tin, 245. Oint- 
ment henbane, 249. Electuary jalap, 256. Ointment matico, 276. Injection 
morphia, 280. Anodyne ointment, 299. Ointment opium and tar, 299. Lau- 
danum ointment, 303. Confection black pepper, 310. "Ward's paste, 310. Pile 
ointment, 314. Lead ointment, 317. Mixture tartrate potass., 338. Mixture 
bitartrate potass., 339. Ointment figwort, 371. Electuary senna and sulphur, 373. 
Ointment tin, 387. Ointment stramonium, 389. Sulphur electuary, 393. Fo- 
mentation sulphate zinc, 414. 

Hair, Loss of, &c. Garlic, 81. Almond cream, 100. Macassar oil, 101. Fixa- 
ture, 101, 292. Hair dye, 111. Compound tincture cantharides, 142. Pomatum 
cantharides, 144. Shampoo liquid, 144. Pomatum Peruvian bark, 165. Bando- 
line, 189. Lotion galls, 218. Compound ointment balsam Peru, 286. 

Hair, To Remove. Orpiment and Powder orpiment, 114. 

Heart, Affections of. Syrup asparagus, 116. Bromine, 130. Foxglove and 
acetate lead, 191. Digitalin, 192. Mixture iodide potass., 322. 

Hemicrania. Compound powder valerian, 405. Electuary valerian, 405. 

Hemiplegia. Pills poison oak, 402. 

Hepatitis. Mixture nitric acid, 74. Bath nitromuriatic acid, 75. Compound 
mercurial pill, 234. Chlorate potass., 334. Dandelion, 398. 

Hernia. Clyster belladonna, 128. Infusion tobacco, 396. 

Herpes. Chlorine liniment, 159. Arseniate iron, 201. Ointment carburet iron, 
204. Decoction soot, 215. Ointment black hellebore, 230. Liniment acetate 
mercury, 230. Compound calomel pill, 240. Calomel ointment, 241. Ointment 
red oxide mercury and lead, 245. Ointment sulphate mercury, 246. Red sul- 
phuret mercury, 247. Ointment red sulphuret mercury, 247. Lotion sulphuret 
potass., 327. 

Hiccough. Ammoniated alcohol, 94. Assafetida, 111. 

HoopiNG-CouGn. Succinated ammonia, 96. Extract anemone, 102. Kcrmes' 
mineral, 106. Antimonial wine and bittersweet, 109. Assafetida mixture, 117. 
Assafetida and tolu, 117. Assafetida plaster, 118. Belladonna, 126-7. Fumi- 
gating powder, 128. Emulsion cantharides, 142. Tincture bark and cantharides, 
165. Syrup Peruvian bark, 106. Cochineal and carbonate potass., 169. Con- 
fection ipecacuanha, 254. Mixture ipecacuanha, 254. Compound syrup ipecacu- 
anha, 255. Alkaline wine ipecacuanha, 255. Syrup sulphuret magnesia, 272. 
Myrrh and zinc, 304. Lettsom's elixir, 303. Mixture carbonate potass., 333. 
Compound syrup squill, 308. Carbonate soda and ipecacuanha, 382. Tincture 
artificial musk, 391. Liniment oil of amber, 392. Compound powder tobacco, 
396. Mixture balsam tolu and copaiba, 401. Sulphate zinc, 414. Mixture sul- 
phate zinc, 415. 

Hydrophobia. Extract hemp, 141. Tonquin powder, 282. 

HYDROCEPHALUS. Powder foxglove, 190. Calomel and foxglove, 239. Ointment 
iodide potass, and mercury, 323. 

Hydrothorax. Tincture colchicum and foxglove, 171. Mixture colocynth ; 173. 



504 INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 



Pills foxglove, 190. Mixture elaterium, 194. Gamboge mixture, 219. Extract 
lettuce, 203. Mixture tobacco, 396. 

Hypochondria. xVssafetida, 117. Mixture lettuce and dandelion, 262. 

Hypopion. Pills scneka, 371. 

Hysteria. Mixture acetic etber, 79. Carbonate ammonia, 93. Succinate ammonia, 
97. Mixture chamomile, 104. Infusion Southern wood, 114. Assafetida and iron, 
117. Assafetida mixture, 117. Alkaline tincture assafetida, 117. Tincture 
assafetida and soot, 118. Assafetida and castor, 118. Bolus castor, 151. Castor 
pills, 151. Skunk cabbage, 193. Soot pills, 215. Compound galbanum pills, 
217. Mixture lacfcucarium, 202. Musk, 283. Pills opium and musk, 297. 
Tincture opium and asarabacca, 302. Mixture rue and squills, 355. Liniment 
oil of amber, 392. Compound powder valerian, 405. Vanilla, 407. Valerianate 
zinc, 415. 

Ileus. Hemlock oil, 176. 

Impetigo. Lotion hydrocyanic acid, 72. Glycerine, 223. Compound powder 
sulphur, 393. Powder iodide sulphur, 395. Ointment oxide zinc and opium, 
411. 

Indurations. Pills calomel and antimony, 240. 

Iritis. Turpentine mixture, 292. 

Ischuria. Assafetida and opium, 117. 

Itch. Sulphuric acid ointment, 76. Lime water and sulphur, 135. Lime ointment, 
136. Chlorine ointment, 159. Lotion corrosive sublimate, 237. Ointment red 
oxide mercury and sulphur, 245. Tincture sulphuret potass., 327. Compound 
lotion sulphuret potass., 327. Ointment carbonate potass., 333. Soap and sul- 
phur, 362. Lotion sulphuret iodine, 379. Decoction stavesacre, 388. Compound 
powder sulphur, 393. Sulphur ointment, 394. Compound sulphur ointment, 
394. Ointment white hellebore, 409. 

Jaundice. Barberry, 129. Compound wine centaury, 184. 

Joints, Affections of. Pipsissewa beer, 158. Compound decoction guaiacum, 
220. Pills guaiacum and antimony, 227. Ointment calomel and scoiills, 241. 
Oil laurel, 263. 

Kidneys, Affections of. Emulsion manna, 273. Emulsion carbonate soda, 382. 
Ointment turpentine, 399. 

Labor. Contrayerva mixture, 177. Ergot and its preparations, 196-7. Decoc- 
tion cotton root, 224. Compound powder borax, 380. 

Laryngitis. Creasote pills, 181. Liniment croton oil, 294. Plaster croton oil, 
295. 

Leucorrhcea. Injection gallic acid, 71. Tannic acid, 70. Whytt's pills, 84. 
Alum, 88. Electuary catechu, 153. Peruvian bark and isinglass, 161. Wine 
Peruvian bark and calamus, 166. Cubebs and ergot, 183. Compound powder 
ergot, 196. Infusion black purslane, 198. Compound pills carbonate iron, 203. 
Lozenges iodide iron, 206. Bath iodide iron, 208. Ointment iodide iron, 208. 
Black oxide iron, 210. Electuary black oxide iron, 211. Sulphate iron, 211. 
Syrup sulphate iron, 212. Solution tartrate iron and potass., 212. Injection soot, 
216. Tincture galls, 218. Avens, 222. Compound powder guaiacum, 227. 
Calomel and catechu, 240. Saturated tincture iodine, 251. Injection rhatany, 
260. Injection subacetate lead, 314. Iodide potass., 321. Decoction oak bark, 
342. Pills turpentine and guaiacum, 399. 

Lepra. Pills arsenic and opium, 70. Iodide arsenic, 113. Donovan's solution, 
114. Barytic liniment, 126. Mudar, 138. Chlorine oil, 159. Mixture tincture 
colocynth, 173. Carburet iron, 203. Ethereal solution bromide mercury, 276. 
Oint. naphthaline, 287. 



INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 505 

Lichen. Carburet iron, 203. Ointment glycerine, 223. Ointment calomel and 
camphor, 241. Ointment cyanide mercnry, 242. 

Lips, Excoriation of. Spermaceti lip salve, 155. 

Liver, Affections of. Muriatic acid pecliluvium, 74. Terebinthinated ether, 81. 
Ointment tartar emetic, 108. Belladonna, 127. Blue pill and jalap, 234. Blue 
pill and quinine, 234. Compound mercurial pill, 234. Compound cathartic pills, 
240. Calomel and jalap, 256. Tartrate of potass, and rhubarb, 338. Mixture 
tartrate potass., 338. 

Lumsago. Camphor ointment, 140. Spirit turpentine mixture, 292. 

Lungs, Affections of. Syrup chamomile, 104. Tartar emetic, 107. Tartar 
emetic and opium, 107. Lotion tartar emetic, 108. Ointment tartar emetic, 108. 
Syrup antimonial wine, 109. Fig coffee, 214. Syrup asparagus, 116. Compound 
tincture benzoin, 129. Compound pills henbane, 248. Ipecacuanha and antimony, 
253. Myrrh and ipecacuanha, 286. Naphthaline, 287. Tar water, 312. Solu- 
tion cyanide potass., 320. Decoction and syrup seneka, 372. Storax, 389. Bal- 
sam tolu, 400. Colt's foot, 403. 

Mammae, Affections of. Ointment carbonate ammonia, 93. Fomentation sal- 
ammoniac, 95. Cataplasm sal-ammoniac, 95. Lime water and oil, 135. Oint- 
ment turpentine, 399. Ointment oxide zinc and lycopodium, 411. 

Mania. Compound pills columbo, 173. Pills foxglove, 193. 

Marasmus. Jelly orange leaves, 119. 

Measles. Infusion safflower, 148. Spermaceti mixture, 155. 

Menorrhagia. Pills gallic acid, 71. Pills tannic acid and opium, 76. Alum, 88. 
Compound bolus catechu, 152. Peruvian bark and isinglass, 161. Mixture ex- 
tract ergot, 197. Infusion black purslane, 198. Pills ammoniated iron, 201, 
Injection sulphate iron, 211. Aromatic alum whey, 261. 

Mercurial Disease. Mixture sulphuret potass., 328. Sulphur mixture, 394. 

Milk, To Increase Secretion of. Compound powder fennel, 215. 

Milk, To Retard Secretion of. Bolus acetate potass., 329. Pills acetate soda, 
379. 

Mouth, Affections of. Vinegar gargle, 67. Muriatic acid gargle, 74. Collutory 
nitric acid, 74. Alum, 89. Chlorine gargle, 158. Collutory balsam Peru, 285. 
Collutory carbonate potass., 332. 

Mollities Ossium. Phosphate lime, 137. 

3Iuscles, Eigidity of. Ointment iodine and oil tobacco, 252. • 

Nausea. Clove cataplasm, 149. Clove bag, 149. Pennyroyal, 229. Compound 
infusion mint, 278. Aromatic plaster, 311. Mixture carbonate potass., 332. 

Nephritis. Compound decoction oatmeal, 123. Infusion carrot seed, 148. 

Neuralgia. Aconite plaster, 77, 78. Plaster belladonna, 128. Oil benzoin, 129. 
Emulsion cantharides, 142. Bolus castor, 151. Liniment chloroform, 159. Tinc- 
ture colchicum, 170. Colchicum and camphor, 172. Crcasote pills, 181. Car- 
bonate iron, 202. Mixture tincture guaiacum, 228. Calomel and opium, 240. 
Compound pills henbane, 248. Lotion cherry laurel, 264. Sulphate morphia, 282. 
Turpentine mixture, 292. Opiated turpentine liniment, 293. Carbonate lead 
ointment, 316. Lotion chloride lead, 316. Lotion cyanide potass., 320. Oint- 
ment cyanide potass., 321. Solution chloride potass., 334. Extract cevadilla, 
355. Extract tobacco, 396. Ointment tobacco, 396. Vcratria, 407. Valerian- 
ate zinc, 411. 

Nervous Disorders. Camphor and musk, 138. Camphor water and Hoffmann's 

"iync, 139. Peruvian bark and valerian, 101. Pills ammoniated iron, 201. 

Infusion hops, 232. Compound powder henbane, 248. Musk, 283. Wild cherry 

bark, 340. Compound pills sulphate quinine, 346. Oxide zinc, 410. Cyanide 

zinc, 412. Ferrocyanide zinc ; 412. 



506 INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 

Nipples, Excoriated. Oil elaterium, 195. Glycerine, 223. Manimillary lotion, 

285. Opium and lime water, 800. 
Nodes, Venereal. Mercurial plaster, 235. 
Nux Vomica, Poisoning by. Sulphuric ether and turpentine, 81. 
Nyctalopia. Calomel, antimony, and henbane, 239. 

(Edema. Fomentation arnica, 113. 

Onychia. Corrosive sublimate and zinc, 237. Red oxide mercury, 244. 

Ophthalmia. Alum collyrium, 88. Alum curd, 88. Acetate ammonia, 92. An- 
timonial wine, 108. Nitrate silver, 111. Ointment nitrate silver, 112. Chloride 
gold, 121. Chloride barium, 125. Sulphate cadmium, 133. Verdigris and alum, 
185. Verdigris ointment, 186. Collyrium sulphate copper, 188. Decoction 
quince-seeds, 189. Eyebright, 199. Ointment Prussian blue, 206. Ointment 
red oxide and zinc, 245. Yellow root, 248. Wine opium, 301. Collyrium ace- 
tate lead, 314. Collyrium subacetate lead, 314. Ointment subacetate lead, 315. 
Collyrium biniodide potass., 324. Compound lotion iodide potass., 324. Colly- 
rium caustic potass., 329. Ointment oxide zinc, 411. Ointment oxide of zinc and 
calomel, 411. Mixture ferrocyanide zinc, 412. Collyrium acetate zinc, 413. Col- 
lyrium sulphate zinc, 414. 

Ophthalmia, Gonorrheal. Mercurial lotion, 234. 

Opium, Poisoning by. Vinegar coffee, 70. 

Orchitis. Mixture chloride barium, 125. 

Oz.ena. Angelica, 103. Chloride lime, 134. Mercurial gargle, 233. Compound 
powder sulphate mercury, 245. 

Palpitation. Syrup asparagus, 116. Powder foxglove, 190. Wild cherry 
bark, 340. 

Pannus. Compound powder seneka, 371. Pills seneka, 371. 

Paralysis. Infusion horseradish, 112. Extract arnica, 113. Assafetida, 116. 
Brucine, 131. Nitrate camphor, 141. Cantharides and Cayenne pepper, 142. 
Nux vomica, 288. Tincture nux vomica, 288-9. Pills opium and nitrate silver, 
297. Phosphorated oil, 308. Lotion mustard, 378. Bath common salt and 
arnica, 379. Strychnine, 389. Iodate strychnine, 391. 

Peripneumonia. Golden sulphuret antimony, 106. Powder foxglove, 190. Pills 
calomel and antimony, 240. 

Periostitis. Compound mercurial ointment, 235. 

Phymosis. Solution sulphate copper, 188. 

Phthisis. Mixture hydrocyanic acid, 72. Alum and benzoin, 88. Mixture chloride 
barium, 125. Belladonna, 127. Iodide calcium, 135. Iceland moss, 156. 
Electuary Peruvian bark and sulphur, 164. Pills creasote, 181. Pills sulphate 
copper, 187. Vinegar foxglove, 191. Ipecacuanha and nitrate potass., 253. Arti- 
ficial goat's milk, 261. Locatelli's balsam, 285. Myrrh and Canada balsam, 286. 
Compound extract myrrh, 286. Griffith's mixture, 287. Acetic turpentine lini- 
ment, 293. Compound pills acetate lead, 314. Mixture iodide potass., 322. Sul- 
phuret potass, and charcoal, 326. Chlorate potass., 334. 

Pleuritis. Mixture foxglove, 191. Cataplasm long pepper, 310. 

Pneumonia. Benzoic acid and ipecacuanha, 70. Mixture foxglove, 191. Powder 
ipecacuanha and muriate ammonia, 253. Powder ipecacuanha and antimony, 253. 

Porrigo. Ointment nitric acid, 74. Lotion corrosive sublimate and copper, 238. 
Ointment calomel and acetate lead, 241. Ointment nitrate mercury and lead, 244. 
Ointment sulphate mercury, 246. Ointment oxide manganese, 173. Banyer's 
ointment, 317. Compound lotion sulphuret potass., 327. Powder iodide sulphur, 
395. 



INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 507 



Prurigo. Fomentation opium, 299. Ointment carbonate soda, 382. Powder 

iodide sulphur, 395. 
Pruritus. Lotion borax, 380. Lotion carbonate soda, 382. Lotion chloride soda, 

383. 
Psoriasis. Arsenic and pepper pills, 69. Ointment nitric acid, 74. Ointment 

subnitrate bismuth, 130. Compound powder anthracokali, 147. Decoction soot, 

215. Naphthaline ointment, 287. Ointment poke, 309. Tar ointment, 312. 

Compound lotion sulphuret potass., 327. Lotion tobacco, 396. Ointment tobacco, 

396. 
Psorophthalmia. Ointment sulphate copper, 188. Ointment red oxide mercury, 

204. Ointment red oxide mercury and cinnabar, 245. Ointment common salt, 

379. Compound sulphur ointment, 394. 
Pyrosis. Alkaline wine aloes, 85. Compound pills kino, 259. Mixture carbonate 

potass., 333. 

Eachitis. Phosphate lime, 137. Black oxide iron, 211. Phosphate magnesia, 
272. Mixture cod liver oil, 290. Acorn coffee, 342. Compound powder mad- 
der, 354. 

Rectum, Diseases of. Suppository hemlock, 176. Injection copaiba, 178. 

Rheumatism. Aconite, 77. Aletris, 81. Ammoniacal liniment, 91. Phosphate 
ammonia, 96. G-olden sulphuret antimony, 106. Tartar emetic and opium, 107. 
Plaster tartar emetic, 108. Antimonial powder, 109. Burdock, 110. Extract 
arnica, 113. Ointment chloride gold, 121. Sulphuret lime, 135. Nitrate cam- 
phor, 141. Compound tincture cantharides, 142. Plaster castor, 151. Black 
snakeroot, 160. Colchicum, 170-1. Tincture colchicum flowers, 171. Creasote 
pills, 181. Compound decoction bittersweet, 193. Compound galbanum plaster, 
217. Hedge hyssop, 226. Decoction guaiacum, 226. Oil guaiacum, 227. Com- 
pound powder guaiacum, 227. Gruaiacum mixture, 227. G-uaiacum and bitter- 
sweet, 227. Tincture guaiacum, 227. Plummer's pills, 240. Black sulphuret 
mercury, 246. Nervine balsam, 269. Magnesia and colchicum, 270. Tincture 
magnolia, 272. Oil of horsemint, 279. Turpentine mixture, 292. Opium and 
antimony, 296. Opium plaster, 298. Fomentation wine opium, 301. Opium 
liniment, 303. Plaster petroleum, 308. Phosphorated oil, 308. Plaster black 
pepper, 310. Pitch plaster, 311. Plaster subacetate lead, 315. Solution chlorate 
potass., 334. Plaster pellitory, 340. Tincture cevadilla, 355. Camphorated 
essence soap, 361. Zittman's decoction, 363. Conserve broom, 371. Pills 
stramonium seeds, 388. Lotion stramonium, 388. Sulphuret carbon, 395. Tur- 
pentine liniment, 399. Poison oak, 402. Veratria 407. Wine white hellebore, 
408. 

Ringworm. Ointment cocculus indicus, 168. Vinegar borax, 380. 

Salivation. Sulphuretted hydrogen, 72. Tannic acid, 76. Gargle sulphate cop- 
per, 188. Pills iodine, 251. Sulphuret potass, and cremor tartar, 326. Gargle 
borax, 380. 

Scarlatina. Mixture hyponitrous ether, 80. Acetate ammonia, 92. Plaster 
tartar emetic, 100. Belladonna, 127-8. Cayenne pepper gargle, 145. Chlorine 
mixture, 159. Myrrh gargle, 287. Mixture tartrate potass., 338. Mixture 
cremor tartar, 339. 

Sciatica. Liniment succinatcd ammonia, 97. Plaster sulphuret antimony, 107. 
Oil turpentine and honey, 292. Oil turpentine mixture, 292. 

Sciitrriius. Bolus sal ammoniac, 95. Extract marigold, 137. Charcoal, 146. 
Hemlock, 175. Mercury and antimony, 239. Ointment mercury and bella- 
donna, 235. 

Scrofula. Hydriodate ammonia, 94. Chloride barium, 125. Iodide barium, 125. 
Barytes, 125. Compound cataplasm bryony, 131. Solution chloride calcium, 133. 
Animal charcoal, 145. Anthracokali, 146. Hemlock, 175. 



508 INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 



Koechlin's drops, 186. Mixture bittersweet, 194. Compound powder metallic 
iron, 200. Ammoniated iron, 201. Bromide iron, 202. Compound pills car- 
bonate iron, 203. Lozenges iodide iron, 207.^ Ammoniated tincture gentian, 231. 
Frost weed, 229. Ointment mercury and belladonna, 235. Mercury and anti- 
mony, 233. Iodide mercury, 242. Ointment iodide mercury, 243. Biniodide 
mercury, 243. Black sulphuret mercury, 246. Iodine bath, 251. Mixture iodine, 
252. Cod liver oil, 290. Iodide lead, 317. Ointment iodide lead, 317. Solu- 
tion bromide potass., 319. Ointment bromide potass., 319. Ointment iodide 
potass., 322. Mixture iodide potass., 322. Bath sulphm-et potass., 327. Mix- 
ture sulphuret potass., 328. Conserve acetate potass., 329. Acorn coffee, 342. 
Hydriodate quinine, 343. Decoction madder, 354. Jauperand's decoction, 363. 
Compound infusion sassafras, 365. Compound ointment common salt, 379. Bath 
common salt and gelatine, 378. Carbonate soda and chamomile, 383. Sulphur 
electuary, 393. 

Scurvy. Wood sorrel, 67. Alumine, 87. Mixture horseradish, 112. Brook 
lime, 126. Scurvy grass, 169. Collutory lemon juice, 265. Mixture buckbean, 
278. Chlorate potass., 334. 

Sea Sickness. Plaster carbonate ammonia, 93. 

Sleeplessness. Camphor water and Hoffmann's anodyne, 139. Tincture hops, 232. 
Mixture lactucarium, 262. Acetate morphia, 281. Preparations opium, 295. 
Syrup poppy heads, 306. Jamaica dogwood, 311. 

Snake Bites. Ammonia and ether, 91. Eau de luce, 93, 392. 

Sore Throat, Venereal. Mercurial lotion, 233. 

Spasm Eyelids. Lotion opium and oil chamomile, 298. 

Spasmodic Diseases. Sulphuric acid and ether, 76. Succinated ammonia, 96. 
Nitrate silver, 111. Electuary orange leaves, 119. Camphor, 138. Ethereal 
tincture camphor, 139. Castor, 151. Chloroform, 159. Mayweed, 181. Pills 
foxglove, 190. Tincture galbanum, 217. Calomel, antimony, and henbane, 239. 
Anti-hysteric water, 277. Musk, 283. Dippel's animal oil, 289. Opium and its 
preparations, 291. Succinated tincture opium, 302. Clyster opium and valerian, 
303. Cyanide potass., 320. Mixture nitrate potass., 336. Confection rue, 365. 
Extract stramonium, 388. Purified oil amber, 391. Artificial musk, 391. Bal- 
sam amber, 392. Infusion linden, 400. Valerian, 404. Oxide zinc, 410. 
Cyanide zinc, 412. 

Spermatorrhea. Compound powder cascarilla, 150. Mixture acetate lead, 315. 

Spina Ventosa. Bath sulphuret potass., 327. 

Spleen, Diseases of. Solution hydrargyro-iodide potass., 325. 

Sprains. Lotion sal ammoniac, 95. Liniment opium, 298. Aromatic vinegar, 353. 

Stomach, Affections of. Cayenne pepper pills, 145. Chlorine mixture, 159. 
Tincture chloride iron, 204. Mixture tincture guaiacum, 228. Aromatic plaster, 
311. Compound powder sulphate quinine, 345. Mixture sulphuret carbon, 395. 

Strangury. Clyster laudanum, 303. Infusion parsley, 308. Mixture nitrate 
potass., 336. 

Sweating, Profuse. Mixture nitric acid, 74. Agaric, 130. Acetate lead, 313. 
Mixture acetate lead, 315. 

Syphilis. Mixture nitric acid, 74. Sulphuretted hydrosulphate ammonia, 95. 
Chloride silver, 110. Cyanide silver, 110. Gargle orpiment, 114. Preparations 
gold, 120-2. Compound powder anthracokali, 147. Hemlock and calomel, 175. 
Koechlin's drops, 186. Mercury and its preparations, 232. Opiated acetate mer- 
cury, 297. Bichloride platina, 313. Chloroplatinate soda, 313. Mixture bin- 
iodide potass., 324. Compound tincture carbonate potass., 333. Double chloride 
quinine and mercury, 343. Zittman's decoction, 363. 

Tapeworm. Chloride barium, 125. Male fern, 214. Compound powder gamboge, 



INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 509 

.219. Decoction pomegranate root, 225. Anthelmintic emulsion, 292. Mixture 
petroleum, 308. Compound powder cevadilla, 355. Oxide tin, 388. 

Teeth, Diseases of. Alum and ether, 88. Vicat's mixture, 94. Chloride lime, 
134. Cantharides plaster, 144. Oil cloves, 149. Plaster castor, 151. Chlorine 
oil, 159. Hemlock collyriurn, 175. Solution creasote, 182. Compound oil guaia- 
cum, 227. Mixture guaiacum, 228. Mastic paste, 275. Turpentine lotion, 292. 
Antiodontalgic mass, 298. Balsam and drops for toothache, 298. Odontalgic 
drops, 301. Pellitory and preparations, 340. 

Testicle, Engorged. Compound mercurial ointment, 235. Ointment iodide po- 
tass., 322. 

Tetanus. Extract hemp, 141. Mixture Dippel's animal oil, 289. Opium and 
cinnamon water, 300. Solution caustic potass., 128. 

Throat, Affections of. Nitrate silver, 111. Cayenne pepper gargle, 145. Gar- 
gle Peruvian bark, 165. Liniment verdigris, 186. Gargle ammoniated copper, 
187. Gargle figs, 213. Gargle galls, 218. Gargle pomegranate rind, 225. Mu- 
riate manganese, 272. Gargle myrrh, 287. Gargle nitrate potass., 336. Gargle 
sulphate quinine, 347. Gargle sage, 359. Vinegar sage, 359. Vinegar elder 
flowers, 359. 

Tinea Capitis. Lotion hydrocyanic acid, 72. Ammoniacal liniment, 91. Sul- 
phuret antimony, 105. Ointment azedarach, 123. Liniment chloride lime, 134. 
Compound soot ointment, 216. Ointment calomel and alum, 241. Ointment 
poke, 309. Oil black pepper, 310. Tar ointment, 312. Ointment black pitch, 
312. Ointment bromide potass., 319. Compound lotion sulphuret potass., 329. 
Ointment sulphuret potass., 328. Compound ointment common salt, 379. Lotion 
sulphuret soda, 379. Ointment carbonate soda, 382. Compound sulphur oint- 
ment, 394. Ointment sulphur and zinc, 394. Ointment sulphuret carbon, 395. 

Tonsils Inflamed, &c. Gargle alum, 88. Gargle iodine, 252. Ointment 
iodine, 252. 

Tenesmus. Clyster, laudanum, 303. Pills rhubarb and ipecacuanha, 349. 

Trismus. Musk mixture, 284. 

Ulcers. Nitric acid, 74. Sulphate alumine, 87. Burnt alum, 87. Anglo Saxon 
ointment, 90. Ointment oxide silver, 111. Ointment nitrate silver, 112. Chlo- 
ride lime, 134. Ointment charcoal, 146. Charcoal cataplasm, 146. Chlorine 
liniment, 159. Peruvian bark and camphor, 161. Cerate Peruvian bark, 166. 
Hemlock ointment, 175. Verdigris lotion, 185. Metz's balsam, 185. Egyptian 
ointment, 186. Sal ammoniated copper, 187. Ointment ammoniated copper, 187. 
Ointment sulphate copper, 188. Ointment foxglove, 191. Ointment oleine, 195. 
Ointment soot, 216. Ointment galls, 219. Compound oil guaiacum, 227. Oint- 
ment red oxide mercury, 245. Lotion henbane, 248. Infusion cherry laurel, 264. 
Ceromel, 276. Mezereon ointment, 279. Ointment moncsia, 280. Root of mul- 
berries, 280. Tincture balsam Peru, 285. Ointment balsam Peru, 286. Plaster 
balsam Peru, 28(3. Cod liver oil, 290. Ointment bichloride platina, 313. Lotion 
acetate lead, 315. Goulard's lotion, 315. Ointment subacetate lead, 315. Com- 
pound powder carbonate lead, 316. Ointment carbonate lead, 310. Caustic solu- 
tion iodide potass., 324. Ointment biniodidc potass., 325. Saviard's lotion, 329. 
Solution chloride potass., 334. llesin cerate, 348. Wine roses, 313. Ointment 
willow leaves, 358. Balsam sulphur, 394. Turpentine liniment, 399. Turpen- 
tine plaster, 399. Cataplasm slippery-elm, 404. Lotion chloride zinc, 411. Plas- 
ter carbonate zinc, 414. 

Ulckrs VENEREAL. Mercurial liniment, 235. Lotion corrosive sublimate, 237. 
Yellow wash, 238. Ointment cyanide mercury, 242. Ointment red iodide mer- 
cury, 243. Black wash, 244. Compound tincture opoponax, 304. Plaster Inn- 
iodide potass, and opium, 321. 

Urethritis. Injection kino, 259. Injection subacetate lead and lime water, 315. 
Pills nitrate potass., 325. 



510 INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 

Urinary Organs, Affections of. Pipsissewa, 157. Buchu, 192. Clyster 

laudanum, 303. Pareira brava, 306. Embrocation petroleum, 307. Extract 

dandelion, 398. Turpentine pills, 399. Pills turpentine and magnesia, 399. 

Compound uva ursi, 401. 
Urine, Incontinence. Chloride gold and soda, 121. Compound pills mix vomica, 

289. Powder iodide sulpbur, 395. 
Urine, Retention. Sal ammoniac, 95. 
Uterus, Diseases of. Animal charcoal, 146. Chlorine injection, 158. Syrup 

ergot, 196. Injection rhatany, 260. Ointment acetate morphia, 281. Mixture 

wine opium, 301. 
Uvula, Relaxation of. Gargle galls, 218. Gargle oak bark, 342. Gargle sage, 

359. 

Vagina, Diseases of. Injection copaiba, 178. Injection opium, 299. Suppository 
chloride zinc, 411. 

Vermin, To Destroy. Ointment cocculus inclicus, 168. Ointment fennel, 215. 
Ointment cevadilla, 356. Capuchin powder, 356. Vinegar stavesacre, 388. 
Ointment stavesacre, 388. 

Vertigo. Bolus castor, 158. 

Vomiting, To Check. Mixture catechu, 153. Compound pills Colombo, 174. 
Mixture Colombo, 174. Creasote mixture, 182. Clyster laudanum, 303. Aro- 
matic plaster, 311. Antiemetic mixture, 382. 

Vomiting, Spasmodic. Mercurial mixture, 234. Mixture ipecacuanha, 254. 

Warts. Escharotic powder alum, 87. Ointment chloride antimony, 105. Verdi- 
gris ointment, 186. Verdigris plaster, 186. Corrosive sublimate and copper, 237. 
Savine and verdigris, 386. Savine ointment, 357. 

Weakness of Back. Lotion Peruvian bark, 165. Iron plaster, 203. Plaster red 
oxide iron, 212. 

White Swelling. Ointment nitrate silver, 112. Chloride calcium, 133. 

Worms. Tincture and wine wormwood, 64. Ointment aloes, 86. Semen contra, 
115. Assafetida and iron, 117. Azedarach, 123. Wormseed, 157. Cochineal 
and common salt, 169. Mixture copaiba, 179. Male fern, 214. Cabbage tree 
bark, 222. Mercurial mucilage, 233. Calomel and scammony, 219. Calomel 
and jalap, 240. Black sulphuret mercury, 246. Cowhage, 284. Dippel's animal 
oil, 289. Mixture olive oil, 291. Anthelmintic emulsion, 291. Castor oil and 
ether, 292. Emulsion opoponax, 304. Savine and pinkroot, 356. Anthelmintic 
emulsion, 375. Pinkroot, 385. Powder tin, 387. Sulphuret tin, 387. Tansy, 
397. Turpentine and jalap, 399. 



INDEX 



PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES 



Abies canadensis, 312 
excelsa, 311 
picea, 311 
Abietis resina, 311 
Absinthium, 65 
Acacia, 66 

arabica, 66 
catechu, 152 
senega], 66 
vera, 66 
Acetosella, 67 
Acetum, 67 
Acidum aceticum, 68 

empyreumaticum, 69 
arseniosum, 69 
benzoicum, 70 
boracicum, 70 
citricum, 71 
gallicum, 71 
hydrocyanicum, 71 
hydriodicum, 72 
hydrosulphuricum, 72 
lacticum, 73 
muriaticum, 73 
nitricum, 74 
nitro-muriaticum, 75 
oxalicum, 75 
phosphoricum, 75 
sulphuricum, 75 
tannicum, 76 
tartaricum, 77 
valcrianicum, 77, 406 
Aconitina, 7S 
Aconitum, 77 

napellus, 77 
panicnlaturn, 77 
Acorus calamus, 133 
Adiantum, 79 

capillus veneris, 79 
pedatum, 79 
.'Esctilus hippocastanum, 247 
.Ether accticus, 79 

hydrocyanicus, 80 
hyponitrosuB, 79 
niuriaticus, 80 
aalpharicuB, 80 
tcrcbinthinatus, 81 
Agathotes chirayta, 15S 
Ah-lris, 81 

farinosa, 81 
Allium, 81 

sativum, 81 
Aloe, 82 

socotrina, 82 
spicata, 82 
vulgaris, 82 



Althaea, 86 

officinalis, 86 
Alumina, S6 
Alumina? acetas, 87 

et potassas sulphas, 87 
sulphas, 87 
Ammonia, 90 
Ammonias acetas, 91 
arsenias, 92 
carbonas, 92 
citras, 94 
hydriodas, 94 
hydrosulphas, 94 
murias, 95 
nitras, 96 
phosphas, 96 
succinas, 96 
sulphas, 97 
Ammoniacum, 97 
Amygdala, 98 

amara, 98 
dulcis, 98 
Amygdalus communis, 9S 
Amylum, 101 
Amyli iodidum, 102 
Anacylus pyrethrum, 340 
Anamirta cocculus, 168 
Anemone, 102 

pratensis, 102 
Pulsatilla, 102 
Angelica, 102 

atropurpurea, 102 
officinalis, 102 
Angustura, 103 
Anisum, 103 
Anthemis, 104 

nobilis, 104 
Antimonialis pulvis, 109 
Antinionium, 104 
Antimonii chloridum, 105 

et potass;e tartras, 107 
sulphas, 107 
sulphurctum, 105 
Apis mellifica, 276 
Apocynum, 109 

androsa-mifblium, 109 
cannabinum, 109 
Aralia nudicatilis, 110 

spinosa, 110 
Arctium, 110 

lappa, 110 
Arctostaphylos uva ursi, 404 
Argentum, 110 
Argcnti chloridum, 110 
cyanidum, 110 
iodidum, 110 



512 INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES. 



Argenti oxidum. Ill 

nitras, 111 
Aristolochia hirsuta, 

reticulata, 
serpentaria, 
Armoracia, 112 
Arnica, 1 12 

montana, 112 
Arsenicum, 113 
Arsenici iodidum, 113 

et hydravgyri iodidum, 114 
sulphuretum, 114 
Artanthe elongata, 275 
Artemisia, 114 

absinthium, 65 
abrotanum, 1 14 
contra, 115 
judaica, 115 
moxa, 1 14 
santonica, 115 
Arum, 115 

triphyllum, 115 
Asagraa officinalis, 355 
Asarum, 115 

canadense, 115 
europsca, 115 
Asclepias, 115 

incarnata, 116 
syriaca, 116 
tuberosa, 115 
Asparagus, 116 

officinalis, 116 
Assafetida, 116 
Astragalus tragacantha, 402 
Atropa belladonna, 126 
Atropia, 118 
Aurantium, 118 
Aurantii cortex, 119 
flores, 120 
folia, 119 
Aurum, 120 

ammoniatum, 123 
stanno paratum, 123 
Auri chloridum, 120 
cyanidum, 122 
et sodii chloridum, 121 
iodidum, 122 
oxidum, 122 
Avena sativa, 123 
Azedarach, 124 

Ballota lanata, 124 
Balsamodendron myrrha, 286 
Baptisia tinctoria, 124 
Barium, 124 
Barii chloridum, 124 

iodidum, 125 

sulphuretum, 125 
Barosma crenata, 192 

serratif'olia, 192 
Baryta, 125 
Barytas acetas, 126 
Bebeerina, 126 
Beccabunga, 126 
Belladonna, 126 
Benzoinum, 128 
Berberis, 129 

vulgaris, 129 
Bismuthum, 129 
Bismuthi subnitras, 129 
Bistorta, 130 
Boletus laricis, 130 
Brominum, 130 
Brucia, 130 
Bruciae acetas, 131 
murias, 131 
sulphas, 131 



Bryonia, 131 

alba, 131 

dioica, 131 
Buxus, 131 

sempervirens, 131 

Cacao, 132 
Cadmium, 133 
Cadmii sulphas, 133 
Calamus, 133 
Calcis carbonas, 136 
phosphas, 137 
Calcii chloridum, 133 
iodidum, 135 
sulphuretum, 135 
Calcium, 133 
Calendula, 137 

officinalis, 137 
Calotropis, 138 

gigantea, 13S 
Calx, 135 

chlorinata, 134 
Camphora, 13S 

officinarum, 138 
Canella, 141 

alba, 141 
Cannabis, 141 

sativa, 141 
Cantharis, 141 

vesicatoria, 141 
Capsicum, 144 

annuum, 144 
baccatum, 144 
frutescens, 144 
Carbo animalis, 145 
ligni, 146 
mineralis, 146 
Carbonis iodidum, 147 

sulphuretum, 395 
Cardamine, 147 

pratensis, 147 
Cardamomum, 147 
Carota, 14S 
Carthamus, 148 

tinctoria, 148 
Carum, 148 

carui, 148 
Caryophyllus, 149 

aromaticus, 149 
Cascarilla, 150 
Cassia acutifblia, 373 
elongata, 373 
fistula, 150 
marilandica, 150 
obovata, 373 
Castor fiber, 151 
Castoreum, 151 
Catalpa, 152 

cordifolia, 152 
Cataria, 152 
Catechu, 152 
Ceanothus, 154 

americanus, 154 
Centaurea benedicta, 154 
Centaurium, 154 
Cephaslis ipecacuanha, 252 
Cerasus serotina, 340 
Cetaceum, 154 
Cetraria, 156 
Chelidonium, 156 

majus, 156 
Chenopodium, 156 

anthelminticum, 156 
Chimaphila, 157 

umbellata, 157 
Chiretta, 15S 
Chlorinum, 15S 



INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES. 



513 



Chloriformum, 159 
Chondrus, 159 

crispus, 159 
Chrysophyllum, 279 
Cichorium, 160 

intybus, 160 
Cimicifuga, 160 

racemosa, 160 
Cinchona, 160 
Cinchonia, 166 
Cinnamomum, 167 

aromaticum, 167 
zeylanicum, 167 
Cissampelos pareira, 306 
Citrullus colocynthis, 172 
Citrus aurantium, 118 

limonum, 264 
Cocculus, 168 

palmatus, 173 
Coccus, 168 
Cochlearia, 199 

armoracia, 112 
officinalis, 169 
Codeia, 169 
Coffea, 169 

arabica, 169 
Colchicutn, 170 

autumnale, 170 
Collinsonia, 172 

canadensis, 172 
Colocynthis, 172 
Colomba, 173 
Comptonia, 174 
Conium, 175 

maculatum, 175 
Contrayerva, 176 
Convolvulus panduratus, 177 
scammonia, 365 
Copaiba, 177 
Copaifera officinalis, 177 
Coptis, 179 

trifolia, 179 
Coriandrum, 179 

sativum, 179 
Cornu, 178 
Cornus, 180 

circinata, 180 
florida, 180 
sericea, ISO 
Cotula, 181 
Creasotum, 181 
Crocus, 1S2 

sativus, 182 
Croton eleutheria, 150 
lacciferurn,262 
tiglium, 293 
Cubeba, 183 
Cum'mum cyminum, 189 
Curiila, 185 

mariana, 185 
Cuprum, 185 

ammoniatum, 186 
Cupri acetas, 185 
murias, 186 
sulphas, 1S7 
Cydonia, 188 

vulgaris, 188 
Cyminum, 189 
Cytisus scoparius, 371 

Daphne gnidium, 278 
mezereum, 278 

Datura stramonium, 388 

Daucus carota, 14S 

Delphinium, 189 

consolida, 189 
Btaphisagria, 388 

33 



Delphinia, 189 
Dianthus, 190 

caryophyllus, 190 
Digitalis, 190 

purpurea, 190 
Digitalina, 192 
Diosma, 192 
Diospyi-os, 193 

virginiana, 193 
Diplolepis gallas tinctoriae, 218 
Dirca, 193 

palustris, 193 
Dorema ammoniacum, 97 
Dorstenia contrayerva, 176 
Dracontium, 193 
Drimys winteri,410 
Dulcamara, 193 

Ecbalium elaterium, 194 

Elaterina, 195 

Elaterium, 194 

Elemi, 195 

Elettaria cardamomum, 147 

Emetina, 195 

Ergota, 196 

Ergotetia arbortifaciens, 196 

Erigeron, 197 

Erigeron annuum, 197 

canadense, 197 
heterophyllum, 197 
philadelphicum, 197 
strigosum, 197 
Eryngium, 197 

aquaticutn, 198 
maritimum, 197 
Erythraa centaurium, 154 
Eugenia pimenta, 309 
Eupatorium, 198 

perfoliatum, 198 
purpureum, 198 
teucrifolium, 198 
Euphorbia, 198 

corollata, 198 
hypericifolia, 198 
ipecacuanha, 198 
lathyris, 198 
Euphorbium, 199 
Euphrasia, 199 

officinalis, 199 

Ferrum, 199 

ammoniatum, 201 
sulphuretum, 212 
Ferri acetas, 200 

ammonio-tartras, 213 

arsenias, 201 

bromidum, 201 

carbonas, 202 

carburetum, 203 

chloridum, 204 

citras, 205 

et potassaj tartras, 212 

ferrocyanuretum, 205 

filum, 199 

gallas, 206 

iodidum, 206 

lactas, 208 

malas, 208 

nitras, 209 

oxidum hydratum, 209 
nigrum, 209 
rubrum, 210 

phosphas, 210 

ramenta, 199 

sulphas, 210 

tannas, 213 

valerianas, 213 



514 



INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES. 



Ferula assafcetida, 116 

tingitana, 97 
Ficus, 213 

carica, 213 
Filix mas, 214 
Fceniculum, 215 

vulgare, 215' 
Frasera, 215 

carolinensia, 215 1 
Fraxinns ornus, 273 
Fuligo, 215 
Fuligokali, 216 

Galbanum,2l7 

officinale, 217 
Galipea officinalis, 103 
Galium verum, 218 
Galla, 218 
Gambogia, 219 
Gaultheria, 220 

procumbens, 220 
Gentiana, 220 

lutea, 220 
Gentianina, 222 
Geranium, 222 

maculatum, 222 
Geoffroya inermis, 222 
Geum, 222 

rivale, 222 
urbanum, 223 
virginianum, 225 
Gillenia, 223 

trifoliata, 223 
Glycerinum, 223 
Glycyrrhiza, 223 

glabra, 223 
Gossypium, 224 

herbaceura, 224 
Granatum, 225 
Gratiola, 226 

aurea, 226 
officinalis, 226 
Guaiacum, 226 

officinale, 226 

HEematoxylon, 228 

campechianum, 22S 
Hamamelis, 229 

virginiana, 229 
Hebradendron, 219 
Hedeoma, 229 

pulegioidea, 229 
Helenium, 229 

autumnale, 229 
Helianthemum, 229 

canadense, 22S* 
Helleborus,229 

niger, 229 
Helonias officinale, 355 
Hemidesmus, 230 

indicus, 230 
Hepatica, 230 

triloba, 230 
Heracleum,231 

lanatum, 23f 
Heuchera, 231 

amerieana, 231 
Hippocastanum, 247 
Hordeum, 231 

distichon, 231 
vulgare, 231 
Humulos, 232 

lupulus, 232 
Hydrargyrum, 232 

ammoniatum, 236 
Hydrargyri acetas, 235 
boras, 236 



Hydrargyri bromidum, 236 

chloridum corrosivum, 237 

mite, 238 
cyanuretum, 241 
et quiniae chloridum, 241 
iodidum, 242 

rubrum, 243 
nitras, 243 
oxidum nigrum, 244 
rubrum, 244 
phosphas, 245 
sulphas, 245 

sulphuretum nigrum, 246 
rubrum, 246 
tartras, 247 
Hydrastis canadensis, 248 
Hyoscyamus, 248 

niger, 248 

Ichthyocolla, 249 
Indigofera, 250 
Indigum, 250 
Inula, 250 

helenium, 250 
Iodidum, 251 

sulphuris, 395 
Ipecacuanha, 252 
Ipomaea jalapa, 255 
Iris florentina, 255 

Jalapa, 255 
Janipha manihot, 397 
Juglans cinerea, 257 
Juniperus, 257 

communis, 257 

sabina, 356 

virginiana, 258 

Kino, 258 
Krameria, 259 

triandra, 259 

Lac, 260 
Lacca, 262 
Lactuca, 262 

elongata, 262 

Lactucarium, 262 
Lauri baccae, 263 

folia, 263 
Lauro cerasus, 264 
Laurus, 263 

nobilis, 263 



Lavandula, 264 

vera, 264 
Limon, 265 
Linum, 267 

usitatissimum, 267 
Liriodendron, 267 

tulipifera, 267 
Lobelia, 268 

inflata, 268 
Lupulina, 268 

Macis, 269 

Magnesia, 269 

Magnesia? acetas, 270 

carbonas, 270 
citras, 271 
phosphas, 272 
sulphas, 271 

Magnesii sulphuretum, 272 

Magnesium, 269 

Magnolia, 272 

glauca, 272 

Mai turn, 272 

Malva, 272 



INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES. 



515 



Malva sylvestris, 272 
Manganesii carbonas, 272 
murias, 272 
oxidum, 273 
sulphas, 273 
Manganesium, 272 
Manna, 273 
Mannita, 274 
Maranta, 274 

arundinacea, 274 
Marrubium, 274 

vulgare, 274 
Maruta cotula, 181 
Mastiche, 275 
Matico, 275 
Matricaria, 276 

chamomilla, 276 
Mel, 276 

Melaleuca cajuputi, 289 
Melia azedarach, 124 
Melissa, 277 

officinalis, 277 
Mentha piperita, 277 

viridis, 277 
Menyanthes, 278 

trifoliata, 278 
Mezereum, 278 
Monarda, 279 

punctata, 279 
Monesia, 279 
Mora, 280 
Morphia, 280 
Morphia? acetas, 280 

bimeconas, 281 
citras, 281 
hydriodas, 282 
murias, 282 
nitras, 282 
phosphas, 2S2 
sulphas, 282 
tartras, 2S3 
Morus nigra, 280 
rubra, 280 
Moschus, 283 

moschiferus, 283 
Mucuna, 284 

pruriens, 284 
Myristica, 284 

moschata, 284 
Myroxylon, 285 

peruiferum, 285 
Myrospermum toluiferum, 400 
Myrrha, 2S7 

Naphthalina, 287 
Narcotina, 288 
Narcotina? murias, 288 
Narthex, 116 
Nect.indra radaii, 126 
Nepeta cataria, 152 
Nephrodium filix mas, 214 
Nicotiana tabacum, 395 
Nux vomica, 288 

Olea curopaia, 290 

Oleum animale empyreumaticum, 

cajuputi, 289 

jecoris aselli, 290 

morrhua:, 290 

oliva;, 290 

ricini, 291 

terebinthina;, 292 

tiglii, 293 
Opium, 295 
Opoponax, 304 

chironium, 304 
Origanum, 304 



Origanum vulgare, 304 
Ornus europaea, 273 
Oryza, 304 

sativa, 304 
Ovum, 305 
Oxalis acetosella, 67 

Papaver, 306 

rhoeas, 351 

somniferum, 295, 306 
Pareira, 306 

brava, 306 
Paullinia, 307 

sorbilis, 307 
Petroleum, 307 
Petroselinum, 308 

sativum, 308 
Phloridzina, 308 
Phosphorus, 308 
Phytolacca, 309 

decandra, 309 
Physeter macrocephalus, 154 
Picraena excelsa, 341 
Pimenta, 309 
Pimpinella anisum, 103 
Piper, 310 

angustifolium, 275 
cubeba, 183 
longum, 311 
nigrum, 310 
Piperinum, 311 
Piscidia erythrina, 311 
Pistacia lentiscus, 275 
Pix abietis, 311 
canadensis, 312 
liquida, 312 
nigra, 312 
Platina bichloridum, 313 
Platinum, 313 
Plumbi acetas, 313 

carbonas, 316 
chloridum, 316 
iodidum, 316 
oxidum semivitreum, 317 

rubrum, 318 
saccharas, 31S 
tannas, 318 
Plumbum, 313 
Podophyllin, 31S 
Podophyllum, 31S 

peltatum, 318 
Polygala senega, 371 
Polygonum, 319 

bistorta, 130, 319 
Potassa, 328 

acetas, 329 
arsenitis liquor, 330 
arsenias, 330 
bicarbonas, 333 
bisulphas, 337 
bitartras, 338 
boras, 330 
borotartras, 331 
carbonas, 331 
chloras, 334 
citras, 334 
cum sulphure, 338 
ct ammonia; carbonas, 334 
sulphas, 337 
tartras, 339 
et magnesia; sulphas, 337 
iodas, 335 
nitras, 335 

purificatum, 335 
oxalas, 336 
silicas, 336 
sulphas, 337 



516 INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL. AND BOTANICAL NAMES. 



PotassEB tartras, 338 
Potassii biniodidum, 323 

bromidum, 319 

chloridum, 319 

cyanuretum, 320 

hydrargyro-iodidum, 325 

iodidum, 321 

sulpho-cyanuretum, 326 

sulphuretum, 326 
Potassium, 319 
Potentilla tormentilla, 401 
Prinos, 339 

vertieillatus, 339 
Prunum, 340 
Prunus domestica, 340 

lauro-cerasus, 264 

Virginiana, 340 
Pterocarpus marsupium, 258 
Punila granatum, 225 
Pyrethrum, 340 

Quassia, 341 

amara, 341 
excelsa, 341 
Quercus, 341 

alba, 341 
infectoria, 218 
pedunculata, 341 
robur, 341 
tinctoria, 341 
Quinia, 342 
Quiniae acetas, 342 
arsenias, 343 
citras, 343 
et ferri citras, 343 

iodidum, 343 
ft hydrargyri chloridum, 34> 
ferrocyanas, 343 
hydriodas, 343 

iodureta, 343 
kinas,344 
lactas, 344 
murias, 344 
nitras, 344 
phosphas, 344 
sulphas, 344 
tannas, 347 
tartras, 347 
valerianas, 347 

Resina, 347 

Ilheum, 348 

Rhffias, 351 

Rhus toxicodendron, 402 

Ricinus communis, 291 

Rosa canina, 352 

centifolia, 352 
gallica, 352 
Rosmarinus, 353 

officinalis, 353 
Ilubia, 354 

tinctorum, 354 
Rubus trivialis, 354 
villosus, 354 
Ruta, 355 

graveolens, 355 

Sabadilla, 355 
Sabbatia, 356 

angularis, 356 
Sabina, 356 
Saccharum, 357 

officinarum, 357 
Sagapenum, 357 
Sago, 357 
Salicina, 358 



Salix, 358 

alba, 358 
Salvia, 358 

officinalis, 358 » 
Sambucus, 359 

canadensis, 359 
nigra, 359 
Sanguinaria, 359 

canadensis, 359 
Sapo, 360 

durus, 360 
mollis, 360 
vulgaris, 360 
Sarsaparilla, 362 
Sassafras, 365 

officinale, 365 
Scammonium, 365 
Scilla, 367 

maritima, 367 
Scoparius, 371 
Scrophularia nodosa, 371 
Senega, 371 
Senna, 373 
Serpentaria, 376 
Sesamum, 376 

indicum, 376 
orientale, 376 
Simaruba, 377 

amara, 377 
officinalis, 377 
Sinapis, 377 

alba, 377 
nigra, 377 
Smilax, 362 
Soda, 379 
Soda? acetas, 379 
arsenias, 380 
boras, 380 
carbonas, 381 
chloras, 383 
chlorinata: liquor, 383 
et potasses tartras, 385 
hydrosulphas, 383 
phosphas, 384 
sulphas, 384 
Sodium, 378 
Sodii bromidum, 378 
chloridum, 378 
chloro-platinas, 313 
sulphuretum, 379 
Solanum dulcamara, 193 
Spigelia, 385 

rnarilandica, 385 
Spiraea, 386 

tomentosa, 386 
Spongia, 387 
Stanni chloridum, 387 
oxidum, 388 
sulphuretum, 387 
Stannum, 387 
Staphisagria, 388 
Stramonium, 38S 
Strychnia, 389 
Strychnia; acetas, 390 
iodas, 391 
murias, 391 
nitras, 391 
sulphas, 391 
Strychnos nux vomica, 288 
Styrax, 389 

benzoin, 128 
officinale, 389 
Succinum, 391 
Sulphur, 392 
Sulphuris carburetum, 395 

iodidum, 395 
Symplocarpus foetidus, 197 



INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES. 



51T 



Tabacum, 395 
Tamarindus, 397 

indicus, 397 
Tanacetum, 397 

vulgare, 397 
Tapioca, 397 
Taraxacum, 398 

dens leonis, 398 
Terebinthina, 399 
Theobroma cacao, 132 
Tilia europsa, 400 
Tolutanum, 400 
Tormentilla, 401 
Toxicodendron, 402 
Tragacantha, 402 
Tussilago, 403 

farfara, 403 

Ulmus campestris, 403 

fulva, 403 
Uva ursi, 404 

Valeriana, 404 

officinalis, 404 
Vanilla, 406 

aromatica, 406 



Veratria, 407 
Veratriae murias, 408 

nitras, 408 

sulphas, 408 
Veratrum album, 408 

sabadilla, 355 

viride, 409 
Veronica aaagallis, 126 

beccabunga, 126 
Viola odorata, 409 

Wintera, 410 

Zincum, 410 
Zinci acetas, 413 

carbonas, 413 

chloridum, 411 

cyanuretum, 412 

ferro-cyanuretum, 412 

iodidum, 412 

oxidum, 410 

sulphas, 414 

valerianas, 415 
Zingiber, 415 

officinale, 415 



GENEBAL INDEX 



Abbreviations in pharmaceutical formulae, 33 
Acetate of alumina, 87 

ammonia, 91 

copper, 185 

■ iron, 200 

lead, 313 

mercury, 235 

morphia, 280 

potassa, 329 

quinine, 342 

soda, 279 

strychnine, 390 

zinc, 413 

Acetic acid, 68 

cataplasm, 68 

clyster, 68 

diluted, 68 

Acid, acetic, 68 
■ arsenious, 69 

benzoic, 70 

boracic, 70 

citric, 71 

gallic, 71 

hydriodic, 72 

hydrocyanic, 71 

hydrosulphuric, 72 

lactic, 73 

muriatic, 73 

nitric, 74 

nitro-muriatic, 75 

oxalic, 75 

phosphoric, 75 

polygalic, 372 

pyroligneous, 69 

sulphuric, 75 

tannic, 76 

tartaric, 77 

valerianic, 77, 406 

Acids, 53 
Aconite, 77 

extract, 77 

alcoholic, 77 

ammoniated, 78 

pills of, 77 



mixture, 78 
ointment, 78 

ammoniated, 78 

plaster, 77 

powder, compound, 77 
tincture, 78 
ine, compound, 78 



Aconitinc,78 

lotion, 78 

ointment, 78 

Adhesive plaster, 348 

Baynton's, 317 

Administration of medicines, 47 
Affusion, 466 
Agaric, white, 130 

pills, with opium, 130 

powder, 130 



Agaric, white, powder, with opium, 130 
Air in convalescence, 63 
Alcohol, ammoniated, 94 

aromatic, 94 

mixture, 94 

anodyne, 



anisated, ammoniated, 94 

lotion, 94 

- mixture, 9 



Alkaloids, 461 
Allspice, 309 

bolus of, 309 

spirit of, 309 

tincture of, 309 

water of, 309 



Almonds, 98 

bitter, 98 

butter of, 99 

clyster, 100 

cold cream, 100 

confection of, 99 

cream of, 100 

emulsion of, 99, 100 

aromatic, 100 



- fixature, 101 
-jelly, 417 

- linctus, green, 100 
white, 101 

• liniment, cosmetic, 101 

• Lockstadt's pills, 101 

■ lotion, 99 

Goulard's, 100 

■ Macassar oil, 101 

■ milk anodyne, 99 

artificial, 99 

of roses, 99 

■ mixtures, 101 
oil, 100 

of bitter, 100 

■ paste, 99 

■ powder, 99 
soap, 360 
sweet, 98 

• syrup of orgeat, 99 
water of bitter, 100 

diuretic, 100 



Aloes, 82 

clyster, 85 

decoction, compound, 84 

electuary, 84 

elixir, Boerhaave's, 85 

Clauder's, 85 

Garus', 86 

Stoughton'8,86 



injection, 85 

mixture, 85 

ointment, 86 

pills, 82 

Anderson's, 83 

antichlorotic, 83 

aperient, 84 



520 

Aloes, pills, Barthez's, 84 

Becker's, 84 

Chapman's, 82 

compound, 82 

Duchesne's, 83 

Frank's, 84 

Fuller's, 83 

Griffith's, 84 

• Hooper's, 83 

James's, 83 

Lady Webster's, 83 

Mitchell's, 82 

Morrison's, 83 

Peter's, 83 

Pittschaft's, 84 

Speediman's, 83 

splenetic, 83 

Whytt's, 84 

with assafetida, 82 

blue mass, 84 

iron, 82 

myrrh, 82 



and canella, 82 
compound, 82 
emmenagogue, 82 



GENERAL INDEX. 



suppository, 84 
tincture, 85 

and myrrh, 85 

ethereal, 85 



wine, 85 

alkaline, 85 

balsamic, 85 



87 
■ bolus, 88 

- burnt, 87 

- collyrium, 88 
-curd, 88 

- draught, 90 

- electuary, 88 

- errhine, 88 

- gargle, 88, 89* 

- injection, 89 
-julep, 89 

- liniment, 89 

- lotion, 89 

- ointment, 90 

Anglo-Saxon, 9ft 

chilblain, 90 

pile, 90 

Rust's, 90 



Amber tincture, alkaline, 392 

ethereal, 392 

American centaury, 356 

extract, 356 

infusion, 356 
tincture, 356 



columbo, 215 

infusion, 215 

tincture, 215 

hellebore, 409 

extract, 409 

mixture, 409 

ointment, 409 

pills, 409 

tincture, 409 

wine, 409 



senna, 150 

■infusion, 151 



Ammonia, 90 
acetate, 



pills 



with benzoin, 



powder, 87 

root, 231 

solution, 89 
odontalgic, 88 

whey, 89, 261 
aromatic, 89, 261 



acetate, 87 
astringent, Rust's, 87 

■ electuary, 87 

■ sulphate, 87 
wash, detergent, 87 



Amber, 391 

artificial musk, 391 

emulsion, 391 

tincture, 391 

balsam, 392 

eau de luce, 392 

liniment, 392 

— — mixture of oil, 392 

oil, 391 

purified, 391 



cataplasm, 92 

collyrium, 92 

mixture, 92 

solution, 91 

arseniate, 92 

solution, 92 



carbonate, 92 

aromatic, 92 

draught, 93 

with ginger, 93 

drops, 93 

liniment, 93 

mixture, 93 

ointment, 93 

Gondret's, 93 

pills, 93 

plaster, 93 

potion, 92 

•tincture, compound, 93 



citrate, 94 

gargle, 90 

hydriodate, 94 

ointment, 94 

' hydrosulphate, 94 

liniment, 95 

sulphuretted, 95 

■ syrup, 95 



powder, fumigating, 391 
tiacture, 392 



injection, 91 

liniment, 90 

compound, 90 

sulphuretted, 91 

terebinthinate, 91 

lotion, 91 
Granville's, 90 

mixture, 91 

muriate, 95 

bolus, 95 

cataplasm, 95 

collutory, 95 

draught, 95 

— emulsion, 96 

— — fomentation, 95 

— — — — liniment, 95 

lotion, 95 

powder, 95 

wash, 96 



nitrate, 96 

mixture, 96 



phosphate, 96 

solution, 96 



plaster, 91 

sinapism, 91 

spirit, fetid, 91 

succinate, 96 

— impure, 96 

liniment, 97 

mixture, 96, 97 



GENERAL INDEX. 



521 



Ammonia, succinate, spirit, 96 

with ether, 97 

succinic acid, 



sulphate, 97 
water, 90 



Ammoniac mixture, 97, 98 

— — — compound, 9S 

with nitric acid, 9S 



pills, 97 

compound, 97 

De Haen's, 97 

Klein's, 97 

with rhubarb, 97 

plaster, 98 

gum, 98 

with hemlock, 98 

mercury, 98 



Ammoniated alcohol, 94 

anisated, 94 

lotion, 94 

mixture, 94 

aromatic, 94 

mixture, 94 

Vicat's, 94 

Ammonio-citrate of iron, 205 

tartrate of iron, 213 

solution, 213 

Amorphous quinine, 342 
Anemone, 102 

collyrium, 102 

extract, 102 

pills, 102 

water, 102 

Angelica, 102 

conserve, 103 

essence, 103 

errhine mixture, 103 

tincture, 103 

compound, 102 



tree, 110 
water, 103 



Angustura, 103 

electuary, 103 

— — — — infusion, 103 

mixture, 103 

tincture, 103 

Animal charcoal, 145 
Anise, 103 

lozenges, 103 

mixture, 104 

oil of, 104 

spirit, 103 

tincture, 104 

Antacids, 53 

Anthelmintic purgative, 239 
Anthelmintics, 54 
Anthracokali, 146 

powder, 147 

compound, 147 

sulphuretted, 147 

Anti-dysenteric opiate, 298 
Antilithics, 54 
Antimonial powder, 109 
James 1 



Antimony, 104 
chloride 



puis, 
wine, 



s, 109 

Hfh calomel, 109 

108 



, 105 
— nitro-muriatic oxide, 105 

ointment, 105 

sulphuret, 105 

golden, 106 

powder, 106 

Kermes mineral, 105 

emulsion, 106 

— • lozenges, 106 

mixture, 106 



Antimony, sulphuret, Kermesine powder, 106 

compound, 106 



lozenges, 105 

mixture, 106 

with lime, 106 

pills, 106 

plaster, 107 



ointment, 105 
pills, 105 
precipitated, 105 



sulphate, 107 

tartrate and potassa, 107 



Anti-odontalgic mass, 29S 
Antispasmodics, 54 
Apothecaries' measure, 16 
weight, 12 



Apple water, 418 
Approximative measures, 17 
Arrowroot, 274 

beef tea, 274 

milk, 274 

pudding, 274 

vanilla, 407 

water, 274 

Arseniate of ammonia, 92 

iron, 201 

potassa, 330 

quinine, 343 

soda, 380 

solution, 3S0 



Arsenic, 113 

iodine, 113 

sesquiodide, 113 

ointment, 113 

pills, 113 

solution with mercury, 114 

draught,114 



Arsenical solution, 330 
Arsenious acid, 69 



cerate, 69 
ointment, 69 
pills, 69 

with opium, 70 

pepper, 69 



powder, 



solution, 



compound, 



Arsenite of potassa, solution, 330 
Arteriotomy, 476 
Artificial musk, 391 

sulphuretted water, 73 

Asarabacca, 115 

powder, compound, 115 

Asparagus, 116 

decoction of roots, 116 

1 extract of roots, 1 16 

of shoots, 116 



•mixture, 116 
•syrup of shoots, 1 16 



Assafetida, 116 

Dewees' carminative, 118 

enema, 118 

mixture, 117 

' compound, 118 

with oxyniel squills, 117 

tolu, 117 



116 

with aloes, 118 

iron, 117 

lactucarium, 116 

musk, 117 

opium, 117 



plaster, 118 

tincture, 117 

alkaline, 117 

ammoniated, 118 

and castor, 118 



522 

Assafetida tincture and soot, 118 
Asses' milk, artificial, 420 
Atropine, 118 

solution, 118 

Avens, 222 

mixture, 223 

powder, compound, 223 

water, 222 

.. decoction, 222 

white, 223 

Azedarach, 124 

decoction, 124 

ointment, 124 

Balm, 277 

spirit, compound, 277 

water of, antihysteric, 277 

Balsam acoustic, 285 

amber, 392 

cloves, aromatic, 149 

emulsion, 401 

Goulard's, 315 

inhalation, 401 

Locatelli's, 285 

lozenges, 400 

Metz's, 185 

mixture with almond emulsion, 401 

belladonna, 401 

copaiba, 401 

opium, 401 

morphia, 401 

nervine, 269 

of Peru, 285 

acoustic balsam, 2S5 

collutory, 285 

liniment, 285 

lotion, mammillary, 285 

mixture, 285 

ointment, 2S6 

compound, 286 



GENERAL INDEX. 



pills, 285 
plaster, 286 
syrup, 285 
tincture, 285 



of tolu, 400 

soap, camphorated acetic, 361 

sulphur, 395 

ethereal, 395 

terebinthinated, 395 



tincture, 400 



compound, 400 
with foxglove, 401 



toothache, 298 

Turlington's, 129 

— — — syrup, 401 
Bandoline, 189 
Barberry, 129 

lemonade, 129 

Barium, 124 

chloride, 124 

collyrium, 125 

— ^— mixture, 125 

pills, 125 

powders, 124 

solution, 125 



iodide, 125 

ointment, 125 

powder, 125 

sulphuret, 125 



Barytes, acetate, 126 

liniment, 126 

solution, 125 

Basilicon ointment, 348 
Baths, 462 

aromatic, 353 

cold, 463 

common salt and gelatine, 378 

cool, 463 

douche, 465 

hot, 463 

hydrosulphuretted, 72 

iodide of iron, 208 

iodine, 251 

ioduretted, 324 

local, 465 

medicated, 466 

muriatic acid, 74 

nitro-muriatic acid, 75 

shower, 464 

sulphuret of potassium, 327 

sodium, 379 




Barley, 231 

decoction, 231 

compound, 231 

with nitrate of potassa, 231 

meal, 231 

sugar, 231 

mixture, 420 

Barytes, 125 



Baume's hydrometer, 23 

table of agreement with 

sp. gr., 25 
Bay tree, 263 
Bebeerine, 126 

pills of sulphate, 126 

solution of, 126 



Beef essence, 41S 

tea, 418 

arrowroot, 274 



Beer, ginger, 415, 420 

molasses, 420 

Peruvian bark, 166 

pipsissewa, 158 

sarsaparilla, 365 

spruce, 420 

Belladonna, 126 

clyster, 128 

extract, 127 

alcoholic, 127 

solution of, 127 



fumigation, 127 
liniment, 128 
mixture, 128 
ointment, 128 
opiated, 129 
pills, compound, 127 
plaster, 128 
powder, 126 

and rhubarb, 129 



syrup, 127 
Gillet's, 127 

tincture, 127 
ethereal, 12S 



Benne, 376 

infusion, 877 

Benzoic acid, 70 

and copaiba mixture, 70 

and ipecacuanha powder, 70 

mixture, 70 



Benzoin, 128 

balsam, Turlington's, 127 

emulsion, 129 

lard, benzoated, 128 

lotion, 129 

milk of roses, 129 

oil, 129 

pastiles, fumigating, 128 

powder, 128 

— fumigating, 128 



GENERAL INDEX. 



523 



Benzoin tincture, 129 

compound, 129 



wash, 129 



Bibromide of mercury, 236 
Bicarbonate of potassa, 333 

of soda, 381 

Biniodide of potassium, 323 
Binoxalate of potassa, 336 
Biscuit jelly, 417 
Bismuth, 129 

subnitrate, 129 

ointment, 130 

pills, 130 

powder, compound, 129 

Bistort, 130, 319 

clyster, astringent, 130 

extract, 319 

infusion, 130 

mixture, 319 

Bisulphate of potassa, 337 

soda, 385 

Bitartrate of \ 
Bitter almonds, 
Bittersweet, 193 

decoction, 193 

compound, 193 

extract, 193 

pills, 194 



mixture, 194 
syrup, 194 



Black alder, 

decoction, 339 

drop, 300 

Guy's Hospital, 300 

Houlton's, 300 

Lancaster, 300 

Porter's, 300 

■ Rousseau's, 300 

hellebore, 229 

■ extract, 230 

— — ointment, 230 

pills, compound, 229 

tincture, 230 

mixture, 230 



vino-alcoholic, 2c 
P> 



Is, 230 



oak, 341 

oxide of iron, 209 
mercury, 244 

pepper, 310 

cataplasm, 310 

confection, 310 

electuary, 310 

oil, resinous, 310 

volatile, 310 

ointment, 310 

plaster, 310 

Ward's paste, 310 

pitch, 312 

— ointment, 312 
plaster, 313 



wine, compound, 230 



purslane, 1! 



infusion, 



snakeroot, 160 

decoction, 160 

tincture, 1( 



sulphuret of mercury, 246 

Blackberry, 354 
decoction, 354 

syrup, 355 

Blancmange isinglass, 420 

rice, 420 

Blessed thistle, 154 

infusion, 154 

wine, 154 

Blistering court plaster, 144 



Blisters, 38, 470 
Blood-letting, 474 

genera], 474 

topical, 474 

Bloodroot, 359 

infusion, 360 



pills, ; 

tincture, 360 

Blue pills, 284 

and colocynth, 284 

jalap, 284 

quinine, 284 

rhubarb, 284 



Boiled flour, 418 
Bolus, 447 

acetate of morphia, 282 

potassa, 329 



• allspice, 309 
■ alum, 88 

• ammoniated iron, 201 
burnt sponge, 387 
castor, 151 
catechu, 152 
chloride of gold, 121 
cinchonia, 166 
copaiba, 177 
croton oil, 293 
foxglove, 190 
ipecacuanha, 253 
iron, metallic, 200 
male fern, 214 
musk, 283 
narcotine, 288 

oxide of manganese, 273 

Peruvian bark, extract of, 162 

pomegranate root, 226 

sal ammoniac, 95 

soap, 361 

sulphate of morphia, 282 

sulphuret of potassium, 326 

tartar emetic, 107 

valerian and iron, 405 

sulphate of potassa, 405 



198 

decoction, 198 
infusion, 198 

compound, 198 



Boracic acid, 70 

collutory, 70 

mixture, 70 



Borate of soda, I 
Borax, 380 

collutory, 380 

collyrium, 380 

gargle, 380 

honey, 380 

lotion, 380 

lozenges, 380 

mixture, 381 

ointment, 381 

powder, compound, 

vinegar, 380 

Boullay's filter, 452 
Bowman's root, 198 
Box, 131 

oil, 131 

Bran tea, 419 
Bread jelly, 417 
British oil, 307 
Bromide of iron, 201 

mercury, 236 

potassium, 319 

sodium, 378 



Bromine, 130 
solution, i; 



Brooklime, 126 



alcoholic, 130 



524 

Brooklime, syrup, 126 

water, 126 

Broom, 371 

conserve, 371 

decoction, 371 

compound, 371 

extract, 371 

infusion, 371 

Broth, mutton, 417 

vegetable, 417 

Brown mixture, 224 
Brucine, 130 

acetate, 131 

muriate, 131 

pills, 131 

solution, 131 

sulphate, 131 

tincture, 131 

Bryony, 131 

cataplasm, 131 

— compound, 131 

wine, 131 

Buchu,192 

extract, 192 

fluid, 192 

infusion, 192 

compound, 192 

tincture, 192 

Buckbean, 278 

extract, 278 

infusion, 278 

mixture, 278 

diuretic, 278 

pills, compound, 278 

Burdock, 110 

decoction, 110 

infusion, 110 

Burgundy pitch, 311 

Burnt aliim, 87 

hartshorn, 137, 180 

sponge, 

sugar, 357 

Butter of almonds, 99 

cocoa, 132 

mixture, 132 

— — ointment, 132 

Butternut, 257 

extract, 257 

Button snakeroot, 257 

Cabbage tree bark, 222 

decoction, 222 

extract, 222 

mixture, 222 

Cadmium, 133 

sulphate, 133 

ointment, 133 

solution, 133 

Cajeput oil, 289 
liniment, 289 

mixture, 289 

Cakes, soda, 421 
Calamine, 413 
Calamus, 133 

electuary, 133 

infusion, 133 

compound, 133 

tincture, 133 

compound, 133 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Calcium, sulphuret, 135 

liniment, 135 

pills, compound, 135 



Calcium, 133 

chloride, 133 

cataplasm, 133 

mixture, 134 

pills, 134 

solution, 133 



iodide, 135 
pills, 135 



Calomel, 23S 

collyrium, dry, 239 

electuary with, 241 

pills, 239 

and acetate of lead, 239 

antimony, 240 

catechu, 230 

colocynth, 240 

dandelion, 240 

guaiacum, 240 

jalap, 240 

iron, 240 

opium, 240 

quinine, 239 

squill, 240 

cathartic, compound, 240 
compound, 240 



ointment, 241 

with acetate of copper, 241 

alum, 241 

camphor, 241 

squill, 241 



powder 



ith antimony, 238 
and 



henbane, 
239 



anthelmintic, 239 
with foxglove, 239 

gamboge, 239 

jalap, 239 

and rhubarb, 



nitrate of potassa, 239 
opium, 239 
pink root, 239, 



140 



Calves' foot jelly, 418 
Camphor, 138 

and chloroforri 

ether, 140 ' 

Hoffmann's anodyne, 139 

laudanum, 139 

— milk, 139 

nitric acid, 139 



clyster, 140 

collyrium, 141 

cough mixture, 141 

essence, Ward's, 140 

emulsion, 139 

infusion, 139 

— — liniment, 140 

and turpentine, 141 

vinegar, 140 



compound, 140 
ethereal, 140 



mixture, 139 

nitrate, 141 

ointment, 140 

pills, 138 

and lactucarium, 13S 

musk, 138 

compound, 138 

powder, 138 
compound, 138 

tincture, 139 

and saffron, 139 

ethereal, 139 

mixture, 140 



water, 139 



Canada extract, 197 

fleabane, 197 

infusion, 197 

pitch, 312 

Canella, 141 
Cantharides, 141 

court-plaster, blistering, 144 

decoction, 143 



GENERAL INDEX. 



525 



Cantharides, emulsion, 142 

extract, 142 

ethereal, 143 



infusion, 142 
liniment, 143 

and camphor, 143 

soap, 143 



stimulating, 144 



oil, 143 
ointment, 143 
issue, 144 



pills with capsicum, 142 
iron, 142 

plaster, 144 

camphorated, 144 

compound, 144 

odontalgic, 144 

pomatum, 144 

powder with camphor, 142 
savine, 142 



shampoo liquid, 144 

tincture, 142 

camphorated, 142 

ethereal, 143 

camphorated, 



vinegar, 142 



with guaiacum, 142 



Caramel, 357 
Caraway, 148 

embrocation, 149 

infusion, 148 

oil, 149 

spirit, 149 

water, 148 

Carbon, iodide, 147 

ointment, 147 

sulphuret of, 395 

drops, 395 

liniment, 395 

mixture, 395 



Carbonate of ammonia, 92 

iron, 202 

lead, 316 

lime, 136 

magnesia, 270 

manganese, 272 

potassa, 331 

soda, 381 

Carburet of iron, 203 

sulphur, 395 

Cardamom, 147 

confection, 147 

extract, ethereal, 148 

powder, aromatic, 147 

— syrup, 148 

tincture, 147 

■ — compound, 148 

Carminative, Dalhy's, 270 

■ Dewees', 118, 270 

Carrageen, 159 

decoction, 159 

jelly, 160 

mixture, 160 

Carrot, 14S 

cataplasm, 148 

extract, 148 

infusion of seeds, 148 

ointment, 148 

Cascarilla, 150 

extract, 150 

■ mixture, 150 

• infusion, 150 

alkaline, 150 

powder, compound, 150 

tincture, 150 

wine, compound, 150 



Cassia, purging, 150 

confection, 150 

mixture, 150 

pulp, 150 

Castanello's powders, 417 
Castor, 151 

lotus, 151 

oil, 291 

clyster, 292 

emulsion of, 291 

seeds, 2: 



fixature, 292 

mixture, 291 

with ether, 292 

pills, 151 

plaster, compound, 151 
powder, compound, 151 
spirit, compound, 151 
tincture, 151 

ammoniated, 151 

compound, 151 

ethereal, 151 



with succinic acid, 151 

Catalpa, 152 

decoction, 152 

Cataplasms, 468 

acetate of lead, 315 

acetic acid, 68 

black pepper, 310 

bryony, 131 

compound, 131 

carrot-root, 148 

Cayenne pepper, 145 

charcoal, 146 

chloride of calcium, 133 

clove, 149 

emollient, 267 

flaxseed, 267 

— foxglove, 191 

garlic, 81 

hemlock, 176 

hops, 232 

horseradish, 112 

iodine, 252 

lead, 317 

long pepper, 310 

mayweed, 181 

mercurial, 235 , 

mustard, 377 

compound, 377 

oak bark, 342 

oatmeal, 124 

Peruvian bark, 165 

powder for, 124 

pyroligneous acid, 69 

sal ammoniac, 95 

slipperv elm, 404 

soap, 362 

soot, 216 

subacetate of lead, 314 

— tobacco, 396 

— vinegar, 67 

Catechu, 152 

bolus, 152 

compound, 152 



• collutory, 153 

• electuary, 153 
- infusion, 153 
compound, 153 

injection, 153 

lozenges, 153 

mixture, 153 

anti-emetic, 153 

with logwood, 153 

■ pastilles, aromatic, 153 

■ pills with alum, 152 
liquorice, 152 



526 

Catechu powder, compound, 152 

tincture, 153 

Cathartics, 55 
Catnep, 152 

infusion, 152 

Caudle, 420 

Caustic chloride of gold, 120 

potassa, 328 

soda, 379 

Caustics, 60 
Cayenne pepper, 144 
cataplasm, 145 



GENERAL INDEX. 



gargle, 145 
infusion, 145 
lotion, 145 
lozenges, 145 
pills, 145 
tincture, 145 

with cantharides, 145 



vinegar, 145 



Celandine, 156 

extract, 157 

mixture, 157 

pills, 157 

Cement, diamond, 250 

parolic, 261 

shell lac, 262 

Centaury, 154 

American, 154 

extract, 154 

mixture, 154 

pills, 154 

Portland powder, 154 

wine, compound, 154 

Cerate, 471 

acetate oflead, 314 

arsenical, 69 

carbonate of zinc, 413 

cherry laurel, 264 

croton oil, 295 

eggs, 305 

lead, 317 

mercurial, 235 

compound, 235 

opium, 299 

oxide of zinc and lycopodium, 411 

Peruvian bark, 165 

phosphorated, 309 

pitch, 312 

red sulphuret of mercury, 247 

resin, 34S 

compound, 348 

savine, 357 

spermaceti, 155 

subacetate oflead, 315 

sulphur, 394 

Ceromel, 276 
Cetrarine, 156 

powder, 156 

Cevadilla, 355 

Capuchin, 356 

extract, 355 

ointment, 356 



ointment, 356 



powder, compound, 355 

tincture, 355 



Chalk, 136 

mixture, 136 

prepared, 136 

Chalybeate water, artificial, 203 
Chamomile, 104 

decoction, compound, 104 

extract, 104 

■ pills, compound, 104 

German, 276 

infusion, 104 

mixture, 104 



Chamomile syrup, 104 ! 
Charcoal, animal, 145 

ointment, 146 

powder, 145 

purified, 145 



cataplasm, 146 
electuary, 146 
lozenges, 146 
mineral, 146 
ointment, 146 



powder, dentifrice, 146 

and quassia, 146 



suppository, 146 

wood, 146 

Cheltenham salts, 271 
Cherry cerate, 264 

infusion, 264 

laurel, 264 

ointment, 264 

water, 264 

lotion, 264 

mixture, 264 

Chicken jelly, 419 

panada, 419 

water, 418 

Chinoidine, 342 
Chiretta, 158 

infusion, 158 

tincture, 158 



Chlorate of potassa, 334 

soda, 3S3 

Chloride of barium, 124 

calcium, 133 

gold, 120 

— and sodium, 121 



iron, 204 

lead, 316 

lime, 134 

potassium, 319 

silver, 110 

soda, 383 

sodium, 378 

— — zinc, 411 

Chlorinated lime, 134 

soda, 383 

Chlorine, 158 

clyster, 159 

collutory, 158 

gargle, 158 

injection, 158 

liniment, 159 

mixture, 159 

oil, 159 

ointment, 159 

water, 158 

Chloroform, 159 

emulsion, 159 

liniment, 159 



Chloroplatinate of sodium, 313 

injection of, 313 



e, 420 

— aromatic, 132 

— cream, 132 

— Iceland moss, 156 

— milk, 420 

— paullinia, 307 

— purgative, 367 

— salep, 132 

— vanilla, 132 

— white, 132 
a, 166 

— boluses, 167 

— kinate, 166 

— muriate, 166 
-pills, 166 

— sulphate, 166 
pilla, 167 



GENERAL INDEX. 



527 



Cinchonia, sulphate, wine, 167 

syrup, 167 

tincture, 167 

wine, 167 

Cinnamon, 167 

electuary, compound, 167 

infusion, 167 

lozenges, 167 

oil, 168 

plaster, spiced, 168 

powder, compound, 167 

tincture, 167 

compound, 16S 

ethereal, 168 



vinegar, compound, 167 

water, 168 

compound, 168 

wine, compound, 167 

Citrate of ammonia, 95 

iron, 205 

and quinia, 205, 343 

magnesia, 271 

morphia, 281 



potassa, 334 

quinine, 343 

Citric acid, 71 

lozenges, 71 

syrup, 71 

Cleanliness in sick room, 46 
Cloves, 149 

bag, 149 

balsam, 149 

cataplasm, 149 

infusion, 149 

mixture, odontalgic, 149 

oil, 149 

plaster, 149 

spirit, 149 

tincture, 149 

water, 149 

wine, 149 

Clysters, 55 

acetate of morphia, 281 

acetic acid, 68 

anthelmintic, of aloes, 85 

assafetida, 118 

belladonna, 128 

bistort, 130 

camphor, 140 

castor oil, 292 

chlorine, 159 

colocynth, 173 

common salt, 378 

and arnica, 379 



copaiba, 179 
cubebs, 184 
dandelion, 399 
egg, 305 

emollient, oil of almonds, 100 
malt, 272 



— ergot, 197 

— flaxseed oil, 267 

— iodine, 252 

— laudanum, 303 
and valerian, 303 

— musk, 284 

— olive oil, 291 

— opium, 299 

-- Peruvian bark, 165 

— rhatany, 260 

— soap, 362 

— southernwood, 114 

— stimulating, with nutmeg, 284 
-- sulphate of magnesia, 271 

quinine, 347 

soda, 385 

— tartar emetic, 108 



Clysters, tartarized soda, 385 

turpentine, 399 

oil, 293 

wormwood, 65 

Cocculus indicus, 168 

ointment, 168 

picrotoxin, 168 



Cochineal, 168 

1 tincture, 169 

with carbonate of potass 

common salt, 169 



Cocoa, 132 

butter, 132 

ointment, 132 

mixture, 132 



chocolates, 132 

aromatic, 132 

cream, 132 

salep, 132 



vanuia, 132 
white, 132 



powders, compound, 132 

palamond, 132 

racahout, 132 

■ wikana, 132 



Codeia, 1 

and muriate of morphia, 169 

syrup, 169 

Cod liver oil, 290 

compound, 290 

liniment, 290 

mixture, 290 

ointment, 290 

compound, 290 



syrup, 290 

Coffee, 169 

acorn, 342 

decoction, 170 

figs, 214 

milk, 420 

syrup, 170 

vinegar, 170 

Colchicum, 170 

extract bulb, 170 

acetic, 170 



liniment, with camphor, 172 
mixture, 171 

with ammonia, 172 

elaterium, 171 

magnesia, 171 

— squill, 172 

sulphate magnesia, 171 



oxymel, 171 
pills, 170 

compound, 170 

syrup, 171 



■ flowers, 171 
seeds, 170 

and foxglove, 171 

compound, 171 

mixture, 171 



vinegar, root, 171 

seeds, 171 

mixture, 172 

wine, compound, 171 



mixture, 172 
— root, 170 

■ seeds, 170 

Cold bath, 463 

— — cream, 100, 155 

without spermaceti, 155 

custard, 419 

Collodion, 225 

Collutory, balsam of Peru, 285 

boracic acid, 70 

borax, 380 



528 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Collutory, carbonate of potassa, 332 
— — — — catechu, 153 

chlorinated lime, 134 

chlorine, 158 

creasote, 1S2 

hemlock, 175 

lemon juice, 265 

mastic, aromatic, 275 

myrrh, 286 

nitric acid, 74 

pyroligneous acid, 69 

rhatany, 260 

■ rose water, 352 

sal ammoniac, 95 

soot, 216 

Collyrium, acetate of lead, 314 

zinc, 413 

alum, 88 

anemone, 102 

anodyne, 299 

antimonial wine, 10S 

biniodide of potassium, 324 

borax, 380 

calomel, dry, 239 

camphor, 1*41 

carbonate of potassa , 332 

caustic potassa, 329 

chloride of barium, 125 

gold, 121 

corrosive sublimate, 23S 



iodide of zinc, 413 

nitrate of silver, 111 

saffron, 1S3 

strychnine, 390 

subacetate of lead, 314 

sulphate of copper, 18S 

zinc, 414 

and camphor, 414 



wine of opium, 301 



Colocynth, 172 

clyster, 173 

extract, 172 

compound, 172 

mixture, 173 

pills, and henbane, 173 

compound, 173 

powder, 172 



tincture, 173 

mixture, 173 



Columbo, 173 

American, 215 

decoction, compound, 174 

extract, 174 

infusion, 174 

and ginaer, 174 

rhubarb, 174 

mixture, 174 

and cascarilla, 17-1 

salep, 174 



Common salt powder, compound, 378 

with cochineal, 378 

Confections, 449 
Confection acorns, 342 

almonds, 99 

aromatic, 147 

black pepper, 310 

cassia, 150 

copaiba, 178 

dog rose, 352 

ipecacuanha, 254 

orange flowers, 120 

peel, 119 

roses, 353 

scammony, 366 

compound, 373 

Conserves, 449 

Conserve of acetate of potassa, 329 

angelica, 103 

broom, 371 

violets, 409 

Contrayerva, 176 

decoction, 176 

extract, 176 

gargle, 177 

mixture, 177 

powder, compound, 176 

tincture, 177 

- compound, 177 



Copaiba, 177 

boluses, 177 

clyster, 179 

confection, 178 

emulsion, 178 

injection, 178 

mixture, 178 

oil, 179 

paste, 179 

pil| S) 177 

and cnbebs, 177 

cubebs and turpentine, 17S 



tincture, 179 
alkaline 



Copper, 185 

acetate, 185 

ammoniated, 



179 
compound, 179 



gargle, 187 
injection, 187 
ointment, 1S7 
pills, 187 

compound, 187 

powder, with belladonna, 

solution, 187 



pills, compound, 174 

powder and iron, 173 

ginger, 174 

magnesia, 173 

tartrate of iron, 174 



tincture, 174 



Coltsfoot, 403 

decoction, 403 

compound, 403 



trup, 493 



Common salt, 378 

bath, with gelatine, 378 

clyster, 378 

with arnica, 379 



fomentation, 378 
mixture with lemon juice, 379 
ointment, 379 
compound, 379 



muriate, 186 

and ammonia, 186 

cupreous ether, 1S6 

Koechlin's drops, 1S6 

solution, with mercury, 186 

subacetate, 1S5 

balsam, Metz's, 185 

liniment, 186 

lotion, compound, 1S5 

ointment, 1S6 

Egyptian, 1S6 



1S5 
- with alum, 1S5 



plaster, 186 

powder, with savine, 1S5 

wash, ophthalmic, 185 



sulphate, 1S7 

collyrium, 188 

electuary, 188 

gargle, 1SS 

lotions, 188 



GENERAL INDEX. 



529 



Copper, sulphate, ointment, 188 

pills, 189 

and opium, 1S7 

compound, 18S 



powder, compound, 1S7 
styptic, 1S8 



Cordial, Godfrey's, 302 

Warner's, 351 

Coriander, 179 

powder, compound, 180 

tincture, 180 

water, compound, 180 

Corrosive sublimate, 237 

collyrium, 238 

injection, 238 

lotion, 237 

Bateman's, 238 

cosmetic, 237 

with camphor, 238 

• copper, 238 



mixture, 237 

pills, 237 
compound, 237 

powder with copper, 237 
zinc, 237 



solution, 237 
alcoholic, 237 



tincture, antacid, 238 
wash, cosmetic, 238 
yellow, 238 



Cotton, 224 

decoction of root, 224 

solution, ethereal, 225 

Court plaster, 249 
Cowhage, 284 

electuary, 284 

Cranesbill, 222 

decoction, 222 

extract, 222 

Cream, chocolate, 132 

cold, 100, 155 

without spermaceti, 155 

of tartar, 338 

Creasote, 1S1 
collutory, 182 

lotion, 182 

mixture, 181, 182 

ointment, 182 

compound, 182 

pills, 1S1 

solution, alcoholic, 182 

Cremor tartar, 33S 
Croton oil, 293 

bolus, 293 

cerate, 295 

embrocation, 295 

emulsion, 294 

liniment, 294 

lozenges, 294 

mixture, 294 

ointment, 295 

pills, 293 

compound, 294 

with blue mass, 294 

quinine, 294 

plaster, 295 

soap, 294 

solution, saponaceous, 294 

tincture, 294 

Cubebs, 183 

clyster, 184 

electuary, 184 

extract, alcoholic ethereal, 184 

emulsion, 184 

ethereal, 184 

lozenges, 1S4 



lozenges, alcoholic ethereal extract, 1S4 



Cubebs, mixture, 184 

oil and copaiba, 185 



oil, 185 

powder, 183 

and alum, 183 

ergot, 183 

hemlock, 1S3 



syrup, alco-ether. extract, 184 

tincture, 184 

Cuckoo flower, 147 
Cumin, 189 

plaster, 189 

Cyanide of gold, 122 
mercury, 241 

potassa, 320 

silver, 110 

zinc, 412 

Cyanuret of gold, 122 

mercury, 241 

potassium, 320 

silver, 110 

zinc, 412 

Cupping, 476 

Custard, cold, 419 
rice, 420 



Dalby's carminative, 270 
Dandelion, 398 

clyster, 399 

decoction, 398 

extract, 398 

fluid, 398 

pills, 398 

with blue mass, 



infusion, compound, 39S 

mixture, 398 

Decoction, 451 

aloes, compound, 84 

arnica, 113 

asparagus, 116 

azedarach, 124 

barley, 231 

■ compound, 231 



bittersweet, 193 
compound, 193 

black alder, 339 
snakeroot, 160 

blackberry root, 355 

boneset, 198 

broom, 371 
compound, 371 

burdock, 110 

cabbage tree bark, 222 

cantharides in turpentine, 143 

carrageen, 159 

catalpa, 152 

chamomile, compound, 104 

coffee, raw, 170 

coltsfoot, 403 
compound, 403 

columbo, compound, 174 

contrayerva, 176 

cotton-root, 224 

dandelion, 398 

dogwood, 181 

elder bark, 359 

elecampane, 250 

elm bark, 403 

ergot, 196 

figs, 213 
compound, 213 

geranium, 222 

guaiacum wood, 226 

compound, 226 



34 



hniry horehound, 124 
hardback, 3S7 
horehound, compound, 274 



530 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Decoction, horse balm, 172 

horsechestnut bark, 247 

compound, 247 

Iceland moss, 156 

Indian hemp, 109 

sarsaparilla, 231 

ipecacuanha, 254 

■ logwood, 228 

madder, 354 

marshmallow, 86 

matico, 275 

mezereon, 278 

compound, 279 

New Jersey tea, 154 

oak bark, 342 

oatmeal, compound, 123 

Pareira brava, 306 

Peruvian bark, 162 

and cascarilla, 163 

rhatany, 163 



compound, 163 



pipsissewa, 157 
compound, 157 

pomegranate rind, 225 
root, 225 

poppy heads, 306 

sarsaparilla, 362 

compound, 362 

Feltz's, 363 

Jauperand's, 363 

Vinache's, 363 

Zittman's, 363 



Delphi 



- seneka, 372 

- soot, 215 

- stavesacre, 38S 

- tormentil, 402 

- uva ursi, 404 

- water avens, 222 

- wild indigo, 124 

- willow bark, 35S 

- wormseed, 157 
189 

ointment, 189 
solution, 189 



Demulcents, 56 

Dentifrice, bitartrate potassa, 338 

burnt hartshorn, 180 

charcoal, 146 

chlorinated lime, 134 

electuary, 136, 137 

mastic, 275 

orris root, 255 

Peruvian bark, 161 

phosphate of lime, 137 

rhatany, 259 

sulphate of quinine, 347 

willow bark, 358 

with carbonate of lime, 136 

Dewberry, 354 

Dewees' carminative, 1 IS, 270 
Diaphoretics, 57 
Diet-drink, Lisbon, 363 
Diet in convalescence, 63 
Digitalin, 192 

pills, 192 

granules, 192 

Diluents, 57 

Dippel's animal oil, 2S9 

liniment, 289 

mixture, 289 

tincture, 289 

Displacement, 452 
Distillation, 455 
Distilled oils, 456 

waters, 455 

Dittany, 185 
infusion, 185 



Dittany, oil, 185 
Diuretics, 57 
Dog rose, 352 

confection, 352 



Dogwood, 180 

decoction, 181 

Jamaica, 311 

pills, 1S1 

round-leaved, 180 

swamp, 180 

tree, 180 

wine, 181 

Dogsbane, 109 
Donovan's solution, 114 
Dose of medicines, 50 
Drops, 17, 462 

Bateman's, 302 

Battley's, 302 

carminative, 269 

Koechlin's, 186 

odontalgic, 301 

table of, 17 

toothache, 298 

Draughts, 454 
Draught, anodyne, 303 

morphia, 280 

solution, iodide, arsenic and mercurv, 

114 

sugar of milk, 267 

sulphate potassa, effervescing, 337 



Eau de Javelle, 320 

de luce, 97, 392 

Effervescing draught, 333, 381 
- powders, 333, 381 



Eggs, 305 

cerate, 305 

clyster, emollient, 305 

restorative, 305 



emulsion, 305 

liniment, 305 

mixture, 305 

with brandy, 305 

wine, 305 



oil, 305 

Elaterine, 195 

tincture, 195 

Elaterium, 194 

mixture, 194 

oil, 195 

pills, 194 

Elder, 359 

decoction of bark, 359 

extract of berries, 359 

mixture, 359 



— gargle, 359 

— ointment, 359 
leaves, 359 



vinegar, 359 

water of flowers, 359 

Elecampane, 250 

decoction, 250 

extract, 250 

mixture, 250 

oxymel, compound, 250 

pills, compound, 250 

Electuaries, 449 
Electuary, anthelmintic, 84 

dentifrice, 136, 137 

laxative, 84 

for teeth, 87 

of alum, 88 

angustura, 103 

bitartrate of potassa, 339 

— black oxide of iron, 210 

pepper, 310 



burnt sponge, 387 



GENERAL INDEX. 



531 



Electuary of calamus, 133 

calomel, 241 

carburet of iron, 203 



— catechu, 153 

— charcoal, 146 

— cinnamon, compound, 167 

— cowhage, 284 

— cubebs, 184 

— indigo, 250 

— jalap, 256 

— juniper, 258 

— kino, 259 

— logwood, extract of, 228 

— male fern, 214 

— orange leaves, 119 
■peel, 11 



Peruvian bark, 164 • 

astringent, 164 

with catechu, 164 

cloves, 164 

iron, 164 

sulphur,l64 

tin, 164 



— pomegranate root, 225 

— rhatany, 259 

— rhubarb, 349 

— roses, 353 

— scurvy grass, 169 

— semen contra, 115 

— senna and cremor tartar, 373 

figs, 373 

rhubarb, 373 

sulphur, 373 



soap, 361 
squill, 370 

sulphate of copper, 188 
soda, 3S4 



— sulphur, 393 
compound, 393 

— sulphuret of potassium, 326 

— tamarinds, 397 

— tin, 3S7 

— turpentine, 399 
-- valerian, 405 

Virginia snakeroot, 376 



Elemi, 195 

cautery plaster, 195 

ointment, 195 

Elixir, vitriol, 75 
Boerhaave's, 85 

Clauder's, 85 

Garus', 86, 183 

ipecacuanha, 255 

Lettsom's, 303 

orange peel, 119 

scammony, 366 

Stoughton's, 86 

Elm bark, 403 

decoction, 403 

infusion, 403 

slippery, 403 

Elutriation, 447 
Embrocation, caraway, 149 

croton oil, 295 

petroleum, 307 

Embrocations, 469 
Emetic, tartar, 107 
Emetics, 57 
Emetin, 195 

impure, 195 

lozenges, 196 

mixture, 195 

pure, 195 

syrup, 196 

Emmenagoguea, 58 
Emollients, 56 
Emulsions, 454 



Emulsion, 454 

almond, 99, 100 

aromatic, 100 



- anthelmintic, 291, 375 

- artificial musk, 392 
-benzoin, cosmetic, 129 
-camphor, 139 
-cantharides, 142 

- carbonate of potassa, 332 
-castor oil seeds, 291 
-chloroform, 159 

- copaiba, 178 

- croton oil, 294 

- cubebs, ethereal extract, 1S4 

- egg, 305 

- hemp seed, 141 
-jalap, 256 
-kermes mineral, 106 
-lupulin, 268 
-manna, 373 
-nitrated, 336 

- opoponax, 304 
-purgative, 271 
-sal ammoniac, 96 

- scammony, 366 
compound, 366 



seneka, 372 

squill, 370 

sulphate soda, 384 

■ tartar emetic, 10S 



Enemata, 55 
Epispastics, 58 
Ergot, 196 

clyster, 197 

decoction, 196 

extract, 197 

infusion, 196 

injection, 197 

mixture, 196 

extract, 197 



oil, 197 

pills, compound, 197 
extract, 197 



powder, compound, 196 

syrup, 196 

tincture, 196 

wine, 196 

Errhine, alum, S8 

euphorbium, 199 

Errhines, 60 
Escharotics, 60 
Essence of angelica, 103 

ginger, 416 

lavender, compound, 265 

lemon, 265 

peppermint, 277 

roses, 352 

sarsaparilla, 368 

compound, 369 



— soap, 361 
camphorated, 361 

— vanilla, 407 

Ward's for headache, 140 



Essential oils, 456 
Ether, acetic, 79 

mixture, 79 

pirit, 79 



cupreous, 186 
hydrocyanic, SO 
muriatic, 80 

mixture, 80 

spirit of, 80 



nitrous, 79 

mixture, 80 

sweet spirit of, 79 

■ mixture of, 



phosphorated, SOS 



532 

Ether, sulphuric, 



GENERAL INDEX. 



ethereal oil, 80 
Hoffmann's anodyne, 80 
lotion, 80 

mixture with camphor, 81 
turpentine, 81 



rectified, 

spirit, SO 

syrup, 81 

terebinthinated, SI 

Ethereal oil, 80 
Euphorbium, 199 

oil, 199 

plaster, 199 

sternutatory, 199 

Examination of excretions, 47 
Exercise in convalescence, So 
Expectorants, 60 
Extracts, 448 
Extract of aconite, 77 

alcoholic, 77 

ammoniated, 78 

American centaury, 356 

hellebore, 409 

anemone, 142 

arnica, 113 

asparagus roots, 116 

. shoots, 116 

belladonna, 127 

alcoholic, 127 



bistort, 319 
bittersweet, 193 
black hellebore, 230 
alcoholic, 230 



broom, 371 

buchu, 192 
fluid, 192 

buckbean, 278 

butternut, 257 

cabbage tree bark, 222 

Canada fleabane, 197 

cantharides, 142 
ethereal, 143 



cardamom, 148 

carrot root, 148 

cascarilla, 150 

celandine, 157 

centaury, 154 

cevadilla, 355 

chamomile, 104 
■ colchicum bulb, 170 
acetic, 170 

colocynth, 172 
compound, 172 

• columbo, 174 

• contrayerva, 176 

• cubebs, 184 

alcoholic ethereal, 184 



dandelion, 398 

fluid, 39S 



elder berries, 359 

elecampane, 250 

ergot, 197 

foxglove, 190 

galls, 21S 

gentian, 220 

ginger, ethereal, 416 

guaiacum wood, 227 

hardhack,387 

hemlock, 175 
alcoholic, 175 

hemp, 141 

■ henbane, alcoholic, 24S 
■aqueous, 248 



hops, 232 
horehound, 274 
Indian hemp, 109 



Extract of ipecacuanha, 253 

jalap, 256 

alkaline, 256 

juniper, 257 



lettuc 



watery, 263 

liquorice, 223 

lobelia, acetic, 268 

logwood, 228 

male fern, 214 

marygold, 137 

may apple, 318 

mezereon, 279 

myrrh, 286 

nux vomica, 288 

oak bark, 342 

opinm, acetous, 295 

alcoholic, 295 



aqueo-alcoholic, 295 

aqueous, 295 

by fermentation, 296 

denarcotized, 296 

roasted, 296 

vinous, 295 

pareira brava, 307 

paullinia, alcoholic, 307 

pellitory, 341 

Peruvian bark, 162 
vinous, 162 



pink-root, compound, i 

fluid, 386 

— pipsissewa, 157 

poison oak, 402 

pomegranate root, 225 

P°PPy heads, 306 

■ quassia, 341 

rhatany, 259 

rhubarb, 350 

fluid, 350 



rue, 355 

sarsaparilla, 363 
fluid, 363 

scammony, 366 

seneka, with squill, 372 

senna, alcoholic, 373 
fluid, 375 



squill, 370 

stramonium leaves, 388 

,388 



succory, 160 
tansy, 397 
tobacco, 396 
tormentil, 401 
uva ursi, 404 
valerian, 406 
fluid, 406 



vanilla, fluid, 407 
wood sorrel, 67 
wormwood, 65 



Eyebright, 199 

False sarsaparilla, 110 
Fats, 460 

Fecula of hemlock, 175 
Fennel, 215 

infusion, 215 

oil, 215 

ointment, 215 

powder, compound, 215 

water, 215 

Fern, male, 214 

bolus, 214 

electuary, 214 

extract, ethereal, 214 

pills, 214 



jelly, 214 
■ mixture, 214 



GENERAL INDEX. 



533 



Fern, male, oil, 214 

pills, 214 

powder, 214 

tincture, 214 



Ferrocyanate of quinine, 343 

zinc, 412 

Ferrocyanuret of iron, 205 
Figs, 213 

coffee, 214 

decoction, 213 

— compound, 213 

gargle, 213 

paste, 214 

Figwort, 371 

oil, 371 

ointment, 371 

Filter, Boullay's, 452 
Fixature, 101, 292 
Fixed oils, 460 
Flaxseed, 267 

cataplasm, 267 

clyster of oil, 267 

infusion, 267 

liniment of oil, 267 

meal, cataplasm, 267 

■ compound, 257 



mixture, 267 



Fleabane, 197 

Canada, 197 

infusion, 197 

extract, 197 

infusion, 197 

Flies, Spanish, 141 
Florentine orris, 255 
Flour, boiled, 418 

buchu, 192 

Fluid extract of pinkroot, 3S6 

rhubarb, 350 

sarsaparilla, 363 

senna, 375 

spigelia, compound, 386 

valerian, 406 

vanilla, 407 

Flummery of oatmeal, 123 
Fomentations, 46S 
Fomentation, arnica, 113 

with rue, 113 

aromatic, 353 

carbonate of potassa, 332 

common salt, 378 

mustard, 377 

nitric acid, 74 

opium, 299 

phosphoric acid, 75 

sal ammoniac, 95 

sulphate of zinc, 414 

wine of opium, 301 

Fowl, with rice, 419 
Fowler's solution, 330 
Foxglove, 190 

bolus, 190 

extract, 190 

infusion, 190 

mixture, expectorant, 191 

with acetate of lead, 191 

potassa, 191 

tartaric acid, 191 



ointment, 191 
pills, 190 



plaster, 191 

1 powder, 190 

syrup, 192 

tincture, 191 

ethereal, 191 

mixture, 191 



Frictions, 469 



vinegar, 191 



Frost-weed, 229 
Frumenty, 420 
Fuligokali, 216 

ointment, 216 

sulphuretted, 216 

pills, 216 

Fumigations, 472 

Fumigation with belladonna, 127 

Furniture of sick room, 48 

Galbanum, 217 

mixture, 217 

pills, compound, 217 

plaster, 217 

compound, 217 

purified, 217 

tincture, 217 

compound, 217 



lie acid, 71 

injection, 71 

pills, 71 



Galls, 218 

extract, 218 

ointment, 218 



gargle, 218 
infusion, 218 



compound, 218 



lotion, 218 

ointment, 219 

compound, 219 

powder, compound, 218 

syrup, 218 

tincture, 218 

Gamboge, 219 

pills, compound, 219 

powder, compound, 219 

mixture, 219 

with elatine, 219 



solution, alkaline, 219 
tincture, alkaline, 219 

ammoniacal, 220 



Gargle, acetate of ammonia, 92 
lead, 315 

alum, 88, 89 

ammoniated copper, 187 

borax, 380 

carbonate of soda, 383 

cayenne pepper, 145 

chloride of soda, 383 

chlorine, 158 

cinnamon, tincture, 168 

contrayerva, 117 

cyanuret of mercury, 242 

elder flowers, 359 

figs, 213 

galls, 218 

iodine, 252 

mercurial, 233 

muriatic acid, 74 

mustard, 377 

myrrh, 287 

nitrate of potassa, 336 

oak bark, 342 

orpiment, 114 

Peruvian bark, 165 

pomegranate rind, 225 

sage, 359 

scurvy grass, 169 

subacetatc of lead, 314 

sulphate of copper, 188 

quinine, 347 

114 



tannic acid, 76 

tormentil, 402 

vinegar, 67 

Garlic, 81 

cataplasm, 81 



534 

Garlic, lotion, capillary, SI 

syrup, 81 

Gelatine and Peruvian bark, 165 
Gentian, 220 

extract, 220 

syrup, 221 

infusion, 221 

compound, 221 

with rhubarb, 221 

mixture, 221 



GENERAL INDEX. 



■ pills, compound, 220 
with ammonia, 220 

■ powder, compound, 220 

■ syrup, 221 
tincture, 221 

acidulated, 221 

alkaline, 221 

ammoniacal, 221 

compound, 221 

mixture, 221 

with sulphuric acid, 221 



wine, 221 



Gentianin, 222 

pills, 222 

syrup, 222 

tincture, 222 

German chamomile, 276 
Ginger, 415 

beer, 415, 420 

essence, 416 

extract, ethereal, 416 

■ syrup, 416 

■ tincture, 416 

lozenges, 415 

oil, 416 

spice plaster, 416 

syrup, 415 

Glass, soluble, 337 
Gloucester jelly, 417 
Glycerin, 223 

ointment, 223 

Godfrey's cordial, 302 
Gold, 120 

ammoniated, 123 

pills, 123 



chl< 



, 120 

bolus, 121 

caustic, 121 

collyrium, 121 

ointment, 121 

pills, 121 

powder, 120 

tincture, 121 

with sodium, 121 

lozenges, 121 

ointment, 122 

pills, 121 

powder, 121 

solution, 121 

syrup, 121 

■ compound, 122 



cyanide, 122 

lozenges, 122 

pills, 122 

powder, 122 

solution, 122 



iodide, 122 
ointment, 120 
oxide, 122 

— pills, 123 
powder, 122 



I'" 



,-der, 120 

with iron, 120 



purple of Cassius, 123 

syrup, 120 

Golden sulphuret of antimony, 106 
Goldthread, 179 



Goldthread, infusion, 179 

tincture, 179 

Gondret's ointment, 93 
Goulard's balsam, 315 
Granulation, 447 
Granules of digitalin, 192 
Gravity, specific, 20 
Grease balls, 361 
Griffith's mixture, 202 
Griffitt's pills, S4 
Groat gruel, 123 
Gruel, oatmeal, 123 
Guaiacum, 226 

decoction, 226 

compound, 226 



extract, 226 

mixture, 227 
with bittersweet, 227 

oil, 227 
compound, 227 

pills with aloes, 227 

— antimony, 227 

sulphur, 227 

turpentine, 227 

powder, compound, 227 

tincture, 227 

ammoniated, 228 

and camphor, 228 

■ copaiba, 228 



mixture, odontalgic, 228 
with henbane, 228 



■lozenges of, 66, 67 
■mixture of, 66, 67 
• mucilage of, 66 
■paste of, 66 
■ syrup of, 66 

compound, ' 



tincture of, 67 



plaster, 

tragacanth, 402 

Hair dye, 111 

Hairy horehound, 124 

decoction, 



124 



Hardback, 3S6 

decoction, 387 

extract, 387 

Hartshorn, 180 

burnt, 180 

dentifrice, 180 

jelly, 180 

compound, 180 



Hedge hyssop, 226 

powd 

wine, 



:r, compound, 226 
226 



Hellebore, American, 409 

black, 229 

white, 408 

Hemlock, 175 

cataplasm, 176 

collutory, 175 

extract, 175 

alcoholic, 175 

fecula, 175 

infusion, 175 

mixture, 176 



oil, 176 

ointment, 175 

pills with calomel, 175 

dandelion, 175 

ipecacuanha, 175 



pitch, 312 

plaster, 176 

powder, 175 

compound, 176 

suppository, 176 



GENERAL INDEX. 



535 



Hemlock, tincture, 175 

ethereal, 175 

Hemp, 141 

emulsion, 141 

extract, 141 

resin, 141 

tincture, 141 

Indian, 109 

Henbane, 248 

extract, alcoholic, .248 

aqueous, 24S 



infusion, 248 
compound, 248 

liniment, 249 

mixture, 249 

with antimony, 249 

squill, 249 

ointment, 249 
compound, 249 

pills, compound, 248 

and ipecacuanha, 24S 

opium, 248 

powder, compound, 248 

tincture, 249 

ethereal, 249 



Hive syrup, 368 
Hoffmann's anodyne, SO 
Holly, sea, 197 
Honeys, 451 
Honey, borax, 380 

clarified, 276 

ceromel, 276 

hydromel, 276 

mixture, expectorant, 276 

oxymel, 276 

pectoral, 276 

prepared, 276 

roses, 353 

violets, 409 

water, 276 

Hooper's pills, S3 
Hops, 232 

cataplasm, 232 

extract, 232 

infusion, 232 

mixture, 232 

ointment, 232 

tincture, 232 

alkaline, 232 

Horehound,274 
candy, 275 

decoction, compound, 274 

extract, 274 

hairy, 124 

mixture, pectoral, 274 

syrup, 274 

Horse balm, 172 

decoction, 

oil, 172 

tincture, 172 



172 



chestnut, 247 

decoction, 247 

•compound, 247 



extract, 247 

powder, compound, 247 



Horsemint, 279 

liniment, 279 

oil, 279 

Horseradish, 112 

cataplasm, compound, 112 

infusion, 112 

mixture, 112 

spirit, compound, 112 

Hot bath, 464 
Hundred-leaved rose, 352 
Hungary water, 354 
Hydrargyro-iodide of potassium, 325 



Hydriodate of ammonia, 94 
Hydriodic acid, 72 
Hydrocyanic acid, 71 

extemporaneous, 71 

injection, 72 

julep, 72 

lotion, 72 

mixture, 72 

syrup, 72 

ether, SO 



Hydromel, 276 

pectoral, 276 



Hydrometers, 20 
Hydrometrical equivalents, 26 
Hydrosulphuric acid, 72 

artificial sulphuretted water, 

73 

bath, hydrosulphuretted, 72 

lotion, hydrosulphuretted, 73 

powder against salivation, 72 

Hyposulphited sulphuret of potassium, 326 

Iceland moss, 156 

cetrarine, 156 

powder, 156 



chocolate, 156 
decoction, 156 
jelly, 156 
mixture, 156 



Imperial, 339 

measure, 16 



Incompatible^, table of, 422 
Indelible ink, 111 
Indian hemp, 109 

decoction, 109 

extract, 109 



■ physic, 223 

■ sarsaparilla, 230 

decoction, 231 

infusion, 230 

mixture, 230 

syrup, 230 



turnip, 115 

Indigo, 250 

electuary, 250 

pills, 250 

powder, 250 

sulphate, 250 

wild, 124 

decoction, 124 

ointment, 124 

Infusions, 451 

Infusion, American centaury, 356 

columbo, 215 

senna, 151 



■ arnmoniated copper, 1S7 
angustura, 103 

arnica, 113 
compound, 113 

benne, 377 

bistort, 130 

black purslane, 198 

blessed thistle, 154 

bloodroot, 360 

boneset, 198 
compound, 198 

broom, 371 

buchu, 192 
compound, 192 

buckbean, 278 

burdock, 110 

calamus, 133 

camphor, 139 

Canada fleabane, 197 

cantharides, 142 

caraway, 148 

■ carrot seeds, 148 



536 

Infusion, cascarilla, 150 
alkaline, 



GENERAL INDEX. 



catechu, 153 
compound, 153 

catnep, 152 

Cayenne pepper, 145 

chamomile, 104 

cherry laurel, 264 

chiretta, 158 

cinnamon, 167 

cloves, 149 

columbo, 174 

with ginger, 174 

rhubarb, 174 



dandelion, 398 

dittany, 185 

elm bark, 403 

ergot, 196 

fennel, 215 

flaxseed, 267 

fleabane, 197 

foxglove, 191 

galls, 218 

compound, 218 

■ gentian, 220 

compound, 220 

with rhubarb, 221 



• goldthread, 179 

■ hemlock, 175 

■ henbane, 248 
compound, 248 

■ hops, 232 

■ horseradish, 112 
compound, 112 

■ Indian sarsaparilla, 230 

■ iron, bitter, 209 
■juniper, 257 
compound, 257 

■ kino, 259 

• linden flowers, 400 
compound, 400 

■ lobelia, 268 

■ logwood, 228 

■ maidenhair, 79 
■malt, 272 

■ marygold, 137 

■ matico, 275 
compound, 275 

■ mayweed, 181 

- mint, 278 

compound, 278 

■ mudar, 13S 

- orange peel, 119 
■compound, 119 



pareira brava, 

parsley root, 30S 

pennyroyal, 229 

persimmon bark, 193 

Peruvian bark, 163 

compound, 163 

— with iron, 164 

lime water, 163 

magnesia, 163 

serpentaria, 163 

valerian, 163 



pinkroot, 3S6 
compound, 3S6 

pleurisy root, 115 

quassia, 341 
compound, 341 

red poppy, 352 

rhatany, 259 

rhubarb, 349 
alkaline, 350 



roses, acid, 353 
safflower, 148 
saffron, 183 



Infusion, sage, 358 

compound, 359 

sarsaparilla, 362 

alkaline, 



sassafras bark, 365 

compound, 365 

■ savine, 357 

seneka, 372 
compound, 372 

senna, 374 

compound, 374 

with buckthorn, 375 

coffee, 374 

lemon juice, 375 

rhubarb, 375 

tamarinds, 374 

tincture of senna, 375 

simaruba, 377 

compound, 377 

skunk cabbage, 193 
slippery elm, 403 
southern wood, 114 
succory, 160 
tamarind, 397 
tansy, 397 
tobacco, 396 
tulip tree bark, 267 
valerian, 405 

compound, 405 



Virginia snakeroot, 376 

compound, 376 

with ether, 377 

yellow ladies' bedstraw, 218 



ild cherry bark, 340 
ginger, 115 



wormwood, 65 



Inhalations, 462 

Inhalation, balsam of tolu, 401 

Injection, acetate of zinc, 413 

alum, S9 

ammonia, 91 

carbonate of soda, 3S2 

catechu, 153 

caustic potassa, 329 

chloride of zinc, 411 

chlorinated lime, compound, 134 

chlorine, 158 

chloroplatinate of sodium, 313 

copaiba, 178 

corrosive sublimate, 238 

cubebs, 184 

detursive, 85 

ergot, 197 

gallic acid, 71 

hydrocyanic acid, 72 

iodide of iron, 208 

potassium, 322 



ioduretted, 324 

kino, 259 

morphia, 280 

opium, 299 

pyroligneous acid, 69 

rhatany, 260 

sedative, 306 

soot, 216 

stimulating, 2S7 

subacetate of lead, 314 
and lime water, 315 

sulphate of copper, 1S8 

iron, 211 

zinc, 414 



sulphuret of potassium, 327 

tannic acid, 76 

Ink, blue, 206 

indelible, 111 

without mordant, 111 

writing, 206 



GENERAL INDEX. 



537 



Inspissated juices, 448 
Introduction, 9 
Iodide of arsenic, 113 

and mercury, 114 

barium, 125 

gold, 122 

iron, 206 

lead, 316 

mercury, 242 

red, 243 



potassium, 321 

silver, 110 

starch, 102 

sulphur, 395 

zinc, 412 

Iodine, 251 

bath, 251 

cataplasm, 252 

clyster, 252 

gargle, 252 

liniment, 252 

lotion, 251 

mixture, 251 

with iodide of potassium, 251 



compound, 252 
with mercury, 252 

; of tobacco, 252 



pills, 251 
plaster, 252 
tincture, 251 

compound, 251 

ethereal, 251 



Ipecacuanha, 252 

bolus, 253 



■ confection, 254 

■ decoction, 254 

• elixir, 255 
extract, 253 

■ lozenges, 254 

• mixture, 254 

pills, compound, 254 

■ with centaury, 254 

foxglove, 254 

opium, 253 

powder with antimony, 253 

calomel, 253 

carb. soda, 253 

muriate ammonia, 253 

myrrh, 253 

nitre, 253 

opium, 252 

rhubarb, 253 

tartar emetic, 253 

tragacanth, 253 



syrup, 254 
compound, 254 

wild, 198 

wine, 255 

alkaline, 255 

compound, 255 

with tartar emetic, 255 



3tate, 200 

and alum, 200 

— tincture, alcoholic, 200 
ethereal, 200 



ited, 201 

bolus, 201 

mixture, 201 

pills, 201 

powder, compound, 201 

tincture, 201 

3,201 

- ointment, 201 

- pills, 201 



Iron, bromide, 201 

ointment, 202 

pills, 201 



carbonate, 202 

artificial chalybeate water, 203 

pills, 202 

plaster, 203 

saccharine, 202 

subcarbonate, 202 

mixture, 202 

pills, comp., 203 

powder, 202 



wine, 203 



■ carburet, 203 

electuary, 203 

mixture, 204 

ointment, 204 

pills, 203 

plaster, 204 

powder, 203 

prepared, 203 

• chloride, 204 

and acetate of lead, 204 

mixture, 204 

syrup, 204 

tincture, 204 

ethereal, 204 

■ citrate, 205 

ammonio, 205 

and quinine, 205 

liquid, 205 

syrup, 205 

tincture, 205 

wine, 205 

aromatic, 205 



ferrocyanuret, blue ink, 
mixture, 206 

pills, 206 

powder, 205 

— - —— — - — compound, 205 

Prussian blue, 205 



filings, 199 

gallate, 206 
writing ink, 206 

iodide, 206 

bath, 208 

injection, 208 

lozenges, 206 

mixture, 207 

pills, 207 

solution, 207 

officinal, 207 



syrup, 207 

•and chloride of iron, . 



tincture, 207 

wine, 207 

lactate, 208 

lozenges, 20S 

pills, 20S 

syrup, 20S 

malate, 208 

bitter infusion, 209 

mixture, 209 

solution, 208 

tincture, 209 



metallic, prepared, 199 

bolus, 200 

■ mixture, 200 

pills, 200 

powder, 200 

compound, 200 



nitrate, 209 

solution, 209 

oxide, black, 209 

electuary, 210 

pills, 210 

powder, 209 



538 

Iron, oxide, hydrated, 209 

red, 210 

pills, 210 

plaster, 210 

persesquinitrate, 209 

phosphate, 210 

proto-iodide,207 

pills, 207 

syrup, 207 

tincture, 207 

sulphate, 210 

dried, 211 

injection, 211 

mixture, 212 



GENERAL INDEX. 



compound, 211 

pills, 211 

_ Bland's, 211 

compound, 211 

with rhubarb, 211 

powder, 211 

— solution, 211 

syrup, 212 

sulphuret, 212 

tannate, 213 

tartrate, and potassa, 212 

powder, and columbo 212, 

effervescent, 212 



solution, 212 

tincture, compound, 213 

wine, 212 

compound, 212 

ammonio, 213 

solution, 213 



valerianate, 213 

Isinglass, 249 

blanc mange, 420 

■ court plaster, 249 
diamond cement, 250 



470 



Jalap, 255 

electuary, 256 

emulsion, 256 

extract, 256 

alkaline, 256 

mixture, 257 

— — — pills, compound, 256 
with calomel, 256 



powder, compound, 256 

with calomel, 255 

cremor tartar, 256 

— — — ipecacuanha, 256 

scammony, 256 



resin, 256 
soap, 257 
tincture, 257 

compound, 257 

mixture, 257 



Jamaica dogwood, 311 

pepper, 309 

tincture, 311 

James's powder, 109 
Jelly almond, 417 

biscuit, 417 

bread, 417 

calves' foot, 418 

carrageen, 160 

chicken, 419 

— — Gloucester, 417 

hartshorn, ISO 

compound, ISO 

Iceland moss, 156 

- male fern, 214 

■ orange leaves, 119 

pectoral, 372 

rice, 305 

starch, 102 



Jelly, tapioca, 397 
Julep, alum, S9 

hydrocyanic, 72 

Juniper, 257 

electuary, 25S 

extract, 257 

infusion, 257 

compound, 257 



■ liniment, 25S 

■ mixture of oil, 25S 

■ spirit, compound, 258 



Kermes mineral, 105 
Kermesine powder, 106 
Kinate of cinchonia, 166 

quinine, 344 

Kino, 258 

electuary, 259 

infusion, 259 

injection, 259 

pills, compound, 259 

powder, compound, 25S 

syrup, 259 

tincture, 259 

Labarraque's solution, 3S3 
Lac, 262 

bleached, 262 

cement, 262 

sealing wax, 262 

solution, aqueous, 262 

Lactate of iron, 208 

quinine, 344 



Lactic acid, 73 

lemonade, 73 

lozenges, 73 

Lactucarium, 262 

mixture, 262 

pills, 262 

— syrup, 262 
tincture, 262 



Ladies' bed straw, yellow, 218 

infusion, 21S 

wine, 218 



Lady Webster's pills, S3 
Lancaster black drop, 300 
Larkspur, 189 

tincture, 1S9 

Laudanum, 301 

Smith's, 302 

Swediaur's, 302 

Sydenham's, 301 



Laurel, 263 

cherry, 264 

oil, 263 

ointment, 263 

Lavender, 264 

essence, compound, 265 

ointment, 265 

powder, compound, 264 

spirit, 264 

compound, 265 



tincture, ethereal, 265 
i-ater, 264 



Lead, 313 

acetate, 313 

cataplasm, 315 

cerate, 314 

collyrium, 314 

gargle, 315 

Goulard's balsam, 315 

liniment, 314 

lotion, 315 

mixture, 315 

ointment, 314 

pile, 314 

paste, rubefacient, 314 



GENERAL INDEX. 



539 



Lead, acetate, pills, 313 

plaster, 314 

powder, 313 

carbonate, 316 

ointment, 316 

camphorated, 316 

; plaster, 316 

powder, camphorated, 316 



chloride, 316 

lotion, 316 

ointment, 316 



iodide, 316 

ointment, 317 

pills, 317 

powder, 317 

litharge, 817 

cataplasm, 317 

cerate, 317 

ointment, 317 

Banyer's, 317 

compound, 317 



plaster, 317 
Baynton's, 317 

diapalma, 317 

Gaulthier's, 317 



red, 31S 

plaster, Nuremberg, 318 

■ saccharate, 318 

nitro,318 

solution, 318 

subacetate, 313 
• cataplasm, 314 

- cerate, 315 
collyrium, 314 

gargle, 314 

. Garland's vegeto-mineral 

water, 315 

injection, 314 

with lime, 315 



liniment, 315 
ointment, 315 
plaster, 315 
solution, 314 



Leather wood, 193 
Leeching, 477 
Lemon, 265 

collutory of juice, 205 

Cologne water, 266 

essence, 265 

juice, artificial, 71 

lozenges of juice, 265 

oil, 265 



spirit, 



206 

odoriferous, 266 
syrup, 266 



vinous of peel, 206 



water of peel, 266,419 
■unparalleled, 267 



Lemonade, 205 

barberries, 129 

compound, 265 

dry, 71 

lactic acid, 73 

phosphoric acid, 75 

■ sulphuric acid, 7G 

■ tartaric acid, 77 

with sulphate of soda, 384 

Lettuce, wild, 262 

extract, 262 

lactucarium, 202 

— lozenges, 203 

mixture, 262 

pills, 262 

■ — ■ syrup, 262 

tincture, 262 



thridacc, 262 
syrup, 262 



Lettuce, extract, watery, 263 

mixture, 263 

powder, 263 

mixture, with dandelion, 262 

syrup, 263 

tincture, 263 

water, 263 

mixture, 263 

Lime, 135 

carbonate, 136 

dentifrice, 136 

■ electuary, 136 

— — ^^— lozenges, 136 

mixture, 137 

compound, 137 



powder, aromatic, 136 

compound, 136 

with opium, 136 

precipitated, 136 

prepared chalk, 136 

oyster shells, 136 



chlorinated, 134 

collutory, 134 

dentifrice, 134 

injection, 134 

liniment, 134 

lozenges, 134 

ointment, 134 

preservative liquid, 134 

liniment, with sulphur, 135 

ointment, 136 

phosphate, 137 

electuary, dentifrice, 137 

hartshorn, burnt, 137 

powder, dentifrice, 137 

water, 135 

compound, 135 

and carbonate of potassa, 135 

milk, 135 



Linctus, gum Arabic, 67 

green, 100 

opiate, 303 

opium, 299 

sulphur, 393 

white, 101 



liniment, 135 

with alcohol, 135 

oil, 135 

opium, 135 

sulphur, 135 

mixture, antacid, 136 



Linden, 400 

infusion, 400 

compound, 400 

Liniments, 469 

Liniment, acetate of mercury, 236 

alum, 89 

amber, oil of, 392 

ammonia, 90 

camphorated, 93 

1 compound, 90 

sulphuretted, 91 

terebinthinate, 91 



belladonna, 128 

cajeputoil, 289 

camphor, 140 

compound, 140 

ethereal, 140 

turpentine, 141 

with vinegar, 140 



irides, 143 

aromatic, 144 

— — — soap, 143 

stimulating, 144 

with camphor, 143 



carbonate of potassa, 332 

chlorinated lime, 134 



540 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Liniment, chlorine, 159 

chloroform, 159 

— — — cod liver oil, 172 

colchicum and camphor, 172 

cosmetic, 101 

croton oil, 294 

Dippel's oil, 289 

eggs, 305 

flaxseed oil, 267 

for chilblains, 285 

milk abscess, 314 

sore breasts, 136 

garlic, 81 

henbane, 249 

horsemint, 279 

iodide of potassium, 323 

iodine, 252 

juniper, 258 

laudanum and lime water, 301 

lime and sulphur, 136 

water and alcohol, 136 

oil, 136 

136 



opiur 

-- mercurial, compound, 235 
opiated, 235 

— mercury and chalk, 233 

— muriatic acid, 74 

— mustard, 378 

— nitrate of mercury, 244 

— nitric acid, 74 

— opiate, 303 

— opium, 298 

with oil of chamomile, 29S 

— pellitory, 340 

— phosphorated, 309 

— sal ammoniac, 95 

— spermaceti, 155 
-- strychnine, 390 

— subacetate of lead, 315 

— succinate of ammonia, 97 

— sulphate of quinine, 346 

— sulphur and soap, 394 

— sulphuret of calcium, 135 
carbon, 395 

sodium, 379 



sulphuric acid, 76 

tannate of lead, 318 

tartar emetic, ammoniacal, 108 

turpentine, 399 

acetic, 293 

oil, 293 

opiated, 293 

sulphuric, 293 



veratrine, 40S 
verdigris, 186 
Wilkinson's, 95 



Lip salve, 155 
Liquorice root, 223 

extract, 223 

refined, 223 

lozenges, 224 

with opium, 224 



mixture, 224 
paste, 224 
syrup, 224 



Lisbon diet drink, 363 
Litharge, 317 
Lithontriptics, 54 
Liverwort, 231 
Lobelia, 268 

extract, acetic, 

infusion, 26S 

mixture, 268 

syrup, 268 

tincture, 268 



, 26S 



vinegar, 



Logwood, 228 

decoction, 228 

extract, 228 

electuary, 228 

mixture, 228 



infusion, 228 



Long pepper, 310 

cataplasm, 310 

Lotions, 469 

Lotion, anti-rheumatic, 389 

Barlow's, 327 

Bateman's, 23S 

capillary, 81 

for burns, 129 

chilblains, 292 

hiccough, 94 

toothache, 292 

Granville's, 90 

Goulard's, 100 

hydrosulphuretted, 73 

mammillary, 385 

mercurial, 237 

Saviard's, 329 

of acetate of lead, 315 

zinc, 413 



aconitine, 78 

almond, compound, 99 

alum, S9 

ammonia, 91 

borax, 380 

bromine, 130 

carbonate of potassa, 332 
soda, 382 

Cayenne pepper, 145 

cherry laurel water, 264 

chlorate of soda, 383 

chloride of lead, 316 

zinc, 411 

■ copper, 188 

corrosive sublimate, 237 

and camphor, 23! 

copper, 238 



cosmetic, 237 



creasote, 182 

cvanuret of potassium, 320 

galls, 218 

hydrocyanic acid, 72 

iodide of potassium, compound, 324 

iodine, 251 

marygold, extract of, 137 

muriatic acid, 74 

mustard, 378 

nitrate of potassa, 336 

nitric acid, 74 

nux vomica, 2S9 

orpiment, 114 

oxide of zinc, 411 

Peruvian bark, 166 

sal ammoniac, 95 

sulphate of morphia, and borax, 283 

potassium, 327 

compound, 327 



sodium, 379 
zinc, 414 



sulphuric ether, 80 

tartar emetic, 108 

and camphor, 10S 

corrosive sublimate, 

108 
tobacco, 396 



veratrin, 40S 

verdigris, compound, 185 



Lozenges, 462 

of anise, 103 

balsam of tolu, 400 

bicarbonate of soda, 3S1 



GENERAL INDEX. 



541 



Lozenges of borax, 380 

catechu, 153 

Cayenne pepper, 145 

chalk, 136 

charcoal, 146 

chloride of gold and sodium, 121 

chlorinated lime, 134 

cinnamon, 167 

citric acid, 71 

croton oil, 294 

cubebs, 184 

extract, 1S4 

emetine, 196 

ginger, 415 

gum, 66 

iodide of iron, 206 

potassium, 321 

ipecacuanha, 254 

and camphor, 254 

kermes mineral, 106 



lactate of iron, 208 
lactic acid, 73 
lactucarium, 263 
lemon juice, 265 

oil, 265 

liquorice, 224 

and opium, 224 



manna, 273 

marsh mallow, 86 

- muriate of morphia, 282 
and ipecacu- 



inha, 



— naphthaline, 258 

— oxalate of potassa, 

— oxalic acid, 75 

— paullinia, 307 

— peliitory, 340 

— peppermint, 277 

— rose, 352 

— starch, 102 

— tartaric acid, 77 
Tronchin's gum, 67 

vanilla, 407 



Wistar's, 224, 304 

Lunar caustic, 111 
Lupuline, 268 

emulsion, 268 

ointment, 269 

pills, 268 

powder, 268 

syrup, 268 

tincture, 268 

Mace, 269 

balsam, neurine, 269 

— — drops, carminative, 269 

tincture, 269 

Maceration, 452 
Mackenzie's solution, 111 
Madar, 138 

Madder, 354 

decoction, 354 

powder, compound, 354 

Magnesia, 269 

acetate, 270 

carbonate, 270 

carminative, Dalby's, 270 

Dewees', 270 

mixture, 270 

with camphor, 270 

colchicum,270 



solution, 270 



citrate, 271 

solution, 271 

water, 271 



heavy, 269 
mixture, 269 



Magnesia, mixture, and gentian, 270 
rhubarb, 270 



phosphate, 272 

powder, with orang.e peel, 269 

rhubarb, 269 

sulphur, 269 

sulphate, 271 

Cheltenham salts, 271 

clyster, 271 

mixture, with coffee, 271 

: — nitric acid, 272 

Rochelle salt, 

271 

sulphuric acid, 

271 

tartar emetic, 

271 
sulphuret, 272 

■ syrup, 272 



Magnolia, 272 

tincture, 272 

Maidenhair, 79 

infusion, 79 

syrup, 79 

compound, 79 



Male fern, 214 
bolus, 214 



- electuary, 214 

• extract, ethereal, 214 

pills 

■jelly, 214 

• mixture, 214 
-oil, 214 

pills, 214 



powder, 214 

tincture of buds, 214 

Mallow, common, 272 
Malt, 272 

clyster, 272 

infusion, 272 

Management of convalescence, 6 
Manganese, 272 

carbonate, 272 

muriate, 272 

pills, 272 



oxide, 273 

bolus, 273 

ointment, 273 

compound, 273 



powder, 273 



sulphate, 273 



Manna, 273 

emulsion, 273 

lozenges, 273 

mixture, 273 

syrup, 273 

Mannite, 274 
Marsh mallow, 86 

decoction, S6 

lozenges, 86 

ointment, 86 

paste, 86 

powder, 86 

— syrup, 80 

Marygold, 137 

extract, 137 

lotion, 137 

pills, 137 

infusion, 137 

ointment, 138 

Masterwort, 231 

Mastic, 275 

collutory, 275 

dentifrice, 275 

' paste, anti-odontalgic, 275 

tincture, ethereal, 275 

varnish, crystal, 275 



542 

Mastic, varnish, picture, 275 
Matico, 275 

decoction, 275 

infusion, 275 

with senna, 275 

ointment, 276 

syrup, 275 

■ tincture, 275 

May apple, 318 

extract, 318 

podophyllin, 318 

Mayweed, 181 

cataplasm, 1S1 

infusion, 1S1 

Meal, barley, 231 

flaxseed, compound, 267 

Measures, 15 

approximative, 15 

drops, 17 

foreign, 19 

French, 19 

imperial, 15 

wine, 15 

Medicated waters, 455 
Mellites, 451 
Mercury, 232 

— acetate, 235 

liniment, 236 

pills, 236 

with opium, 236 



GENERAL INDEX. 



solution, 236 

ammoniated, 236 

ointment, 236 



i,233 



and antimony, 232 

chalk, 233 

liniment, 233 

with ipecacuar 

gum, 233 

pills, with hemlock, 233 

magnesia, 234 

borate, 236 

bromide, 236 

bibromide, 236 

protobromide, 236 

solution, ethereal, 236 



•calomel, 238 

• cataplasm, 235 

• cerate, 235 

compound, 235 

corrosive sublimate, 237 
■ cyanuret, 241 

gargle, 242 

ointment, 242 

pills, compound, 241 

solution, 241 

tincture, compound, 242 



gargle, 233 

iodide, 242 

ointment, 242 

pills, 242 

compound, 242 

powder, 242 



red, 243 

ointment, 243 
pills, 243 
tincture, 243 

ethereal, 243 



liniment, compound, 235 

opiated, 235 



lotion, 233 
mixture, 234 



mucilage, 232 

nitrate, 243 

liniment, 244 

ointment, 243 

with lead, 244 



pills, 243 



Mercury, nitrate, protoxide, 243 

ointment, 234 

■ camphorated, 235 

compound, 235 

with belladonna, 235 
oxide, black, 244 

wash, 244 

ointment, 244 

pills, 244 



red, 244 

ointment, 244 

brown, 245 

with cinnabar, 245 

lead, 245 

sulphur, 245 

tin, 245 



pills, 244 
powder, 244 



— zinc, 245 



phosphate, 245 
pills, 245 

pills, 234 

Abernethy's, 234 

and antimony, 233 

colocynth, 234 

jalap, 234 

quinine, 234 

■compound, 234 



rhubarb, 234 

compound, 234 



plaster, 235 

•with belladonna, 235 



powder, compound, 232 
purified, 232 
sulphate, 245 

ointment, 246 

^— — powder, compound, 245 

yellow, 245 

sulphuret, black, 246 

— pills, 246 
powder, 246 



1,246 

- cerate, 247 

- ointment, 247 

- pills, 246 

■ powder, 246 

fumigating, 247 



tartrate, 247 

and potassa, 247 

Method of displacement, 452 
Mezereon, 278 

decoction, 278 

compound, 27£ 



extract, 279 
oil, 279 
ointment, 279 



anodyne, 99 

arrowroot, 274 

artificial, 99 

asses', 420 

goats', 261 

cement, parolic, 261 

chocolate, 420 

coffee, 420 

mixture, with suet, 261 
soda water, 261 



powder, 261 

roses, 99, 129 

sago, 358 

sugar of, 261 

draught, 261 

with gum Arabic, 261 

Iceland moss, 261 



syrup, 261 
vanilla, 407 
whey alum, 



GENERAL INDEX. 



543 



Milk whey, aromatic, 261 

cremor tartar, 260 

mustard, 260 

simple, 260 

tamarind, 260 

vinegar, 260 

wine, 261 

Mineral, Kermes, 105 

Mint, 277 

Mixture, acetate of ammonia, 92 

lead, 315 

morphia, 281 

potassa, 320 



acetic ether, 79 
aconite, 78 
American hellebore, 409 
ammonia, 91 
and ether, 91 



ammoniac, 97, 9S 

and nitric acid, 98 

compound, 9S 

ammoniated alcohol, 94 
iron, 201 

angustura, 103 

anisated ammoniated alcohol, 94 

aniseed, 104 

antacid, 136 

anthelmintic, 308 

anti-emetic, 153, 382 

anti-epileptic, 111 

anti-otitic, 299 

antimonial wine and ammoniac, 109 

bittersweet, 109 

laudanum, 109 



anodyne, Vicat's, 94 



— arseniate of potassa, 330 

— asparagus, diuretic, 116 

— assafetida, 117 

and oxymel of s 

tolu, 117 

compound, 118 



prills, 117 



avens, 223 

balsam of Peru, 285 

tolu, 401 

and almond emulsion, 

401 

belladonna, 401 

copaiba, 401 

morphia, 401 

opium, 401 



— belladonna, 128 

— benzoic acid, 70 

— bicarbonate of potassa, 334 
— - bichloride of platina, 313 

— biniodide of potassium, 324 

— bistort, 319 

— bitartrate of potassa, 339 

— bittersweet, 194 

— black drop, 301 

hellebore, 230 

— boracic acid, 70 

— borax, 381 

— borotartrate of potassa, 331 
and 

— brown, 224, 303 

— buckbean, 278 
diuretic, 278 

— butter of cocoa, 132 



magnesia, 
331 



cabbage tree bark, 222 

camphor, 139 

and chloroform, 140 

ether, 140 

water, 140 

carbonate of ammonia, 93 

ind ginger, 93 



potc 



Mixture, carbonate of magnesia and camphor, 270 

colchicum, 270 

:a, 332 

ind chamomile, 382 

copaiba, 382 

gentian, 382 

ipecacuanha, 382 

quassia, 382 



carburet of iron, 204 

carminative, 277 

carrageen, 160 

cascarilla, 150 

cassia pulp, 150 

castor oil and ether, 192 

catechu and logwood, 153 

caustic potassa, 329 

celandine, 157 

centaury, 154 

chalk, 137 
compound, 137 

chamomile, 104 

cherry laurel water, 264 

chloride of barium, 125 
- calcium, 134 

iron, 204 



chlorine, 159 

citrate of potassa and Peruvian bark, 335 

cochineal and carbonate of potassa, 169 
common salt, 169 

cod liver oil, 290 

colchicum, 171 

and elaterium, 171 

magnesia, 171 

sulphate of magnesia,171 

tincture, 171 

with foxglove, 171 



vinegar, 172 
with squills 



colocynth, 173 

tincture, 173 



columbo, 174 

and cascarilla, 174 

•salep, 174 



magnesia, 270 



— common salt and lemon juice, 379 
-— contrayerva, 177 

— copaiba, 178 

— corrosive sublimate, 237 

— creasote, 181 
-- croton oil, 294 

— cubebs, 184 

oil and copaiba, 185 

— cyanuret of potassium, 320 

— dandelion, 398 

— Dippel's oil, 289 

— diuretic, 308 

— eggs, 305 

and brandy, 305 

wine, 305 

— elaterium, 194 

— elder, 359 

— elecampane, 250 

— emetine, 195 

— ergot, 196 
extract, 197 

— errhine, 103 

— expectorant, 276 

-- ferrocyanide of quinine, 343 
zinc, 412 

— flaxseed, 267 

— foxglove and acetate potassa, 191 
tartaric acid, 191 



expectorant, 191 
tincture, 191 



galbanum, 217 
gamboge, 219 
and elatine, 219 



544 

Mixture, gentian, 221 

and sulphuric acid, 221 

tincture, 221 

guaiacum, 227 

and bittersweet, 227 

camphor, 22S 

copaiba, 22S 

henbane, 228 



GENERAL INDEX. 



odontalgic, 228 

gum Arabic, 66 
Wendt's, 67 

hemlock and paregoric, 176 

henbane, 249 

and antimony, 249 

•squill, 249 



hops, 232 

horseradish, 112 

hydrocyanic acid, 72 

hyponitrous ether, SO 

Iceland moss, 156 

Indian sarsaparilla, 230 

iodide of iron, 207 

and chloride, syrup of, 20S 

potassium, 322 

and sarsaparilla, 322 

iodine and iodide of potassium, 251 

ipecacuanha, 254 

iron, aromatic, 200 
compound, 211 

jalap, 257 
tincture, 257 

Kermes mineral, 106 

lactate of quinine, 364 

lactucarium, 262 

extract, 263 

water, 263 



idanum and asarabacca, 302 

soap, 302 

tartar emetic, 304 



lettuce and dandelion, 262 
liquorice, 224 
lobelia, 268 
logwood, extract, 228 
magnesia, 268 

and gentian, 270 

rhubarb, 270 



malate of iron, 209 

male fern, 214 

manna, 273 

mercurial 234 

milk and suet, 261 

monesia, 279 

muriate of morphia, 282 
quinine, 244 

muriatic ether, 80 

myrrh, compound, 2S7 
Griffith's, 287 

narcotine, 288 

neutral, 334 
compound, 335 

nitrate of ammonia, 96 
potassa, 336 

nitric acid, 74 

nux vomica, 2S9 

odontalgic, 149 

oil of almonds, 101 

amber, 392 

anise, 104 

cajeput, 2S9 

juniper, 258 

mole plant, 199 

valerian, 406 



— oleaginous, 291 

— olive oil, 291 

— opium and cinnamon water, 300 

lime water, 300 

syrup of poppies, 300 



Mixture, pectoral, 274 

Peruvian bark, 161, 166 

phosphate of soda, 3S4 

pomegranate root, extract, 225 

Prussian blue, 206 

quince seed, 1S9 

rhatany, 260 

rhubarb, 351 

rue, 355 

scammony, 366 

sedative, 301, 306 

semen contra, 115 

seneka, 372 

senna, 375 

soot, 216 

spermaceti, 155 

squill, syrup, 369 

extract, and rhubarb, 369 

oxymel and ammoniac, 370 

ipecacuanha, 370 

marsh mallow, 370 

valerian, 369 



vinegar, 370 

and ammoniac, 370 



starch and suet, \0'2 
stramonium, 3SS 
strychnine, 390 
subcarbonate of iron, 202 
succinate of ammonia, 96 
sugar of milk and gum Arabic, 261 
Iceland moss, 261 



sulphate of iron, 212 

magnesia and coffee, 271 

nitric acid, 272 

Rochelle salt, 

271 
sulphuric acid, 

271 



tartar emetic, 

271 
morphia, 283 
potassa, 337 
quinine, 346 

and coffee, 346 



zinc, 415 



sulphur, 394 
sulphuret of antimony, 106 
and lime, 



106 



carbon, 395 
potassium, 328 
sodium, 379 



sulphuric ether and camphor, 81 

turpentine, 87 



sweet spirit of nitre, SO 
tannic acid, 76 
tartarized soda, 3S5 
tartrate of potassa, 338 
and ammonia, 339 



tobacco, 396 
turpentine, 403 

oil, 292 

and ether, 293 



uva ursi, 404 

valerian and ammonia, 405 

Hoffmann's anodyne, 406 

vinegar, 67 

and cardamoms, 67 



Virginia snakeroot, acetated, 376 

and allspice, 376 

wine of opium, 301 
wormseed oil, 157 



Mode of administration of medicine, 47 
Molasses beer, 420 

posset, 419 

Mole plant, 19S 

mixture of oil, 199 



Monesia, 279 



GENERAL INDEX. 



545 



Monesia, mixture, 279 

ointment, 280 

purified, 279 

syrup, 279 

compound, 279 



tincture, 279 



Monkshood, 17 
Morphia, 280 

acetate, 280 

bolus, 281 

clyster, 281 

— — — — — — — — mixture, 281 

ointment, 2S1 

pills, 281 

powder, compound, 281 

solution, 281 

alcoholic, 281 

bimeconate, 281 



solution, 281 



citrate, 2S1 
draught, 280 
hydriodate, 282 
injection, 280 
muriate, 282 

lozenges, 282 

and ipecacuanha,!! 



• mixture, 282 
solution, 282 
syrup, 282 

compound, 282 



nitrate, 28 

pills, 280 

phosphate, 282 

sulphate, 282 

bolus, 282 

lotion, 283 

mixture, 283 

pills, 282 

solution, 283 

syrup, 283 



tartrate, 283 



Mucilage, gum Arabic, 66 

mercurial, 233 

rice, 304 

salep, 417 

sassafras pith, 365 

— starch, 101 
tragacanth, 402 



Mudar, 138 

infusion, 138 

oil, 138 

pills, 138 

Mulberries, 280 
syrup, 280 

root, 280 

Mulled wine, 419 
Muriate of ammonia, 95 

cinchonine, 104 

manganese, 272 

morphia, 282 

narcotine, 288 

opium, 300 

quinine, 166 

Muriatic acid, 73 

■ bath of, 74 

diluted, 73 

draught, 74 

gargle, 74 

gaseous, 73 

liniment, 74 

lotion, 74 

pediluvium, 74 

Musk, 283 

artificial, 391 

emulsion, 392 

tincture, 391 



Musk, clyster, 284 

mixture, 284 

pills, 283 

■ powder, 283 

tincture, 284 

Mustard, 377 

cataplasm, 377 

compound, 377 

fomentation, 377 

foot-bath, 377 

gargle, 377 

liniment, 37S 

lotion, 378 

oil, 378 

tincture, 378 

ointment, 378 

compound, 378 



whey, 377 



Mutton tea, 418 

broth, 419 

Myrrh, 286 

collutory, 286 

extract, compound, 286 

gargle, 287 

injection, 287 

mixture, compound, 287 

Griffith's, 287 



oil, 287 

pills and Canada balsam, 286 

squill, 286 

sulphate of iron, 286 

zinc, 286 



plaster, 287 

powder, emmenagogue, 286 

and ipecacuanha, 286 



solution, alkaline, 286 
tincture, 287 
and hellebore, 287 



Naphthaline, 287 

lozenges, 288 

ointment, 287 

syrup, 287 



Narcotics, 61 
Narcotine, 288 

bolus, 288 

mixture, 2S8 

muriate, 288 



Neutral mixture, 334 
New Jersey tea, 154 
decoction, 154 



35 



3, 283 



Nicotina, 396 

Nitrate of camphor, 141 

■ potassa, 335 

quinine, 344 

silver, 111 

veratrine, 40S 

Nitre, 335 

sweet spirit, 79 

Nitric acid, 74 

collutory, 74 

diluted, 74 

fomentation, 74 

liniment, 74 

lotion, 74 

i mixture, 74 

ointment, 74 



Nitro-muriatic acid, 75 

bath, 75 

Nutmeg, 284 

clyster, 284 

powder, anti-hectic, 284 

aromatic, 284 



• spirit, 285 

compound, 285 



Nux vomica, 288 
extract, 288 



546 

Nux vomica, extract, pills, 289 

lotion, 289 

mixture, 289 

pills, 289 

and aloes, 289 

compound, 2S9 



GENERAL INDEX. 



powder, 288 
tincture, 289 
compound, 289 



Oak bark, 341 

— — acorn coffee, 342 

cataplasm, 342 

confection, 342 

decoction, 342 

extract, 342 

gargle, 342 

powder, compound, 342 

Oat, 123 

cataplasm, 124 

decoction, 123 

flummery, 123 

gruel, groat, 123 

powder for cataplasm, 124 

Oatmeal gruel, 123 

Observations on management in the sick room. 

45 
Officinal preparations and directions, 44G 
Oil of almond, 100 

bitter, 100 

amber, 391 

purified, 391 

benzoin, 129 

black pepper, resinous, 310 

volatile, 310 



box, 131 
cajeput, 289 
cantharides, 143 

• carraway, 149 
castor, 291 

• chlorine, 159 

• cinnamon, 168 
cloves, 149 

■ cod liver, 290 

■ copaiba, 179 

• croton, 293 

■ cubebs, 185 

■ dittany, 185 

■ eggs, 305 

■ elaterium, 195 
■ergot, 197 

■ euphorbium, 199 

■ fennel, 215 

■ fig wort, 371 

■ ginger, 416 

■ guaiacum, 227 
compound, 227 

• hedge hyssop, 226 

• hemlock, 176 

- horsebean, 172 

- horsemint, 279 

- laurel, 263 

- macassar, 214 

- male fern, 214 

- mezereon, green, 279 

- mudar, 138 

- mustard, 378 

- myrrh, 287 

- olive, 290 

- orange flowers, 120 

- parsley, 308 

- partridge berry, 220 

- pennyroyal, 229 

- peppermint, 277 

- rose, 352 

- rosemary, 354 

- roses, 352 



Oil of sassafras, 365 

savine, 357 

scammony, 366 

soot, 216 

stramonium, 389 

tansy, 397 

tobacco, 396 

turpentine, 292 

and ether, 293 

honey, 292 



clyster, 293 

emulsion, 292 

liniment, 293 

acetic, 293 

opiated, 293 

sulphuric, 293 

lotion, 292 

for toothache, 292 

■ mixture, 292 

• phosphorated, 309 

• purified, 292 

• soap, Starkev's, 293 

• wine, 293 



valerian, 4UD 
violets, 409 
wormseed, 157 
wormwood, 65 

essential, 65 



British, 307 

Dippel's, 289 

distilled, 456 

essential, 556 

fixed, 460 

phosphorated, 308 

volatile, 456 

Ointments, 471 
Ointment, aconitine, 78 

ammoniacal, 93 

Anglo-Saxon, 90 

anodyne, 299 

arsenical, 69 

Banyer's, 317 

basilicon, 348 

camphor, 140 

Egyptian, 186 

for chilblains, 90 

issue, 144 

itch, 362 



udanum, 303 
mercurial, 234 

camphorated 235 

compound, 235 

and belladonna, 235 



• naphthaline, 287 

■ phosphorated, 309 

■ pile, 90, 314 

• Rust's, 90 

■ saffron, 1S3 

■ savine, 357 
■soot, 216 

compound, 216 

- spermaceti, 155 

- and rose water, 155 



sulphuric acid, 76 

sultana, 155 

of acetate of lead, 314 

morphia, 281 



aconite, 78 

ammoniated, 7S 



■ aloes, S6 

■ Americau hellebore, 409 
-Gondret's, 93 



- ammoniated copper, 187 

■ animal charcoal, 146 

- arseniate of iron, 201 

■ azedarach, 124 

- balsam of Peru, 286 



GENERAL INDEX. 



547 



Ointment of balsam of Peru, compound, 2S6 
belladonna, 12S 



■ bichloride of platina, 313 

biniodide of potassium, 325 
■ and opium, 325 

black hellebore, 230 
oxide of mercury, 244 

pepper, 310 

pitch, 312 

borax, 381 

bromide of iron, 202 

potassium, 319 

compound, 319 

calomel, 241 

and acetate of copper, 241 

alum, 241 

camphor, 241 

squill, 241 



cantharides, 143 
carbonate of ammonia, 93 

lead, 316 

camphorated, 316 



potassa, 333 
soda, 382 



carburet of iron, 204 
carrot, 148 
cevadilla, 356 

extract, 356 



charcoal, 146 
cherry laurel, 264 
chloride of antimony, 145 

gold, 121 

and sodium, 122 



lead, 316 



chlorinated lime, 134 

■ chlorine, 159 

■ cocculus indicus, 16S 

■ cod liver oil, 290 
compound, 290 

common salt, 379 
compound, 379 

■ creasote, 182 
compound, 182 

• croton oil, 295 

• cyanide of silver, 110 

■ cyanuret of mercury, 242 
potassium, 321 

• delphinia, 189 

• elder flowers, 359 
leaves, 359 

• elemi, 195 

• fennel, 215 

■ figwort, 371 
foxglove, 191 

■ fuligokali,216 
galls, 219 

compound, 219 

extract, 218 

■ glycerin, 223 
gold, 120 

• hemlock, 175 

. henbane, 249; 
compound, 249 

• hops, 232 



hydrargyro-iodide of potassium, 325 

hydriodate of ammonia, 94 

iodide of arsenic, 113 

barium, 125 

carbon, 147 

iron, 208 

lead, 317 

mercury, 242 

potassium, 322 

and opium, 322 

mercury ,323 

morphia, 323 



silver, 111 



Ointment of iodide of sulphur, 395 
zinc, 413 



iodine, 252 

compound, 252 

with mercury, 252 

oil of tobacco, 252 



laurel, 263 

lavender, 265 

lead, 317 
compound, 317 

lime, 136 

lupulin, 269 

marygold, 138 

marsh mallow, 86 

mezereon, 279 

monesia, 280 

mustard, 378 
compound, 378 

nitrate of bismuth, 130 
mercury, 243 

silver, 112 

compound, 112 



•strychnine, 391 



nitric acid, 74 
opium and tar, 299 
oxide of manganese, 273 

and sulphur, 273 



silver, 111 



petroleum, 307 

picrotoxin, 168 

poke, 309 

Prussian blue, 206 

red iodide of mercury, 243 

oxide of mercury, 244 

and basilicon, 245 

cinnabar, 245 

lead, 245 

sulphur, 245 

tin, 245 

zinc, 245 



sulphuret of mercury, 247, 



rhatany, compound, 260 

• rose water, 352 
squill, 370 

compound, 370 

• stavesacre, 388 
stramonium, 3S9 
strychnine, 390 
subacetate of lead, 315 
sulphate of cadmium, 133 

copper, 188 

mercury, 246 

quinine, 347 

sulphur, 394 

and camphor, 394 

soap, 394 

zinc, 394 



compound, 394 



Iphuret of antimony, 105 

potassium, 328 

sodium, 379 



tannate of lead, 318 

tannic acid, 76 

tar, 312 
compound, 312 

tartar emetic, 108 
compound, 108 

tin, 387 

tobacco, 396 

turpentine, 399 

compound, 399 



3ratrin, 408 

and iodine, 40S 

opium, 408 



verdigris, 186 
white hellebore, 409 
compound, 409' 



548 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Ointment of white precipitate, 236 

wild indigo, 124 

willow leaves, 35S 

zinc, oxide, 411 

and calomel, 411 

lycopodium, 411 

opium, 411 

Olive oil, 290 

clyster, 291 

mixture, 291 

Opiate, anti-dysenteric, 29S 
Opium, 295 

balsam, 29S 

cerate, 299 

clyster, 299 

collyrium, 299 

confection, 298 

draught, anodyne, 303 

drops, 298 

elixir, Lettsom's, 303 

extract, acetous, 295 

alcoholic, 295 

aqueous, 295 

aqueo-alcoholic, 295 

denarcotized, 296 

fermented, 296 

roasted, 296 

Godfrey's cordial, 302 

fomentation, 299 

injection, 299 

linctus, 299, 303 

liniment, 298 

with oil of chamomile, 29S 

lozenges, Wistar's, 304 

mass, anti-odontalgic, 298 

mixture, anti-otitic, 299 

brown cough, 303 

with cinnamon water, 300 

lime water, 300 

syrup of poppies, 300 

— sedative, 301 



Opium tincture and soap, 302 

tartar emetic, 304 



Bateman's, 302 
Battley's, 302 
camphorated, 302 
clyster, 303 
compound, 302 
liniment, 303 

and lime water, 303 



ointment, 303 
Smith's, 302 

■ succinated, 302 

■ Swediaur's, 302 
• Warner's, 303 
■Guy's hospital, 3( 

Houlton's, 300 

■ Lancaster, 300 
-mixture, 301 



vinegar, or black drop, 300 

Porter's, 301 

Rousseau's, 300 



water, 300 

wine, '301 

collyrium, 301 

drops, odontalgic, 301 

fomentation, 301 

mixture, 301 



Sydenham's, 301 

Opodeldoc, liquid, 91 
Steer' 



91 



Opoponax, 304 

emulsion, 304 

tincture, 304 

compound, 



muriate, 300 
ointment, 299 
and tar 



299 



pills, 296 

aromatic, 297 

-- with acetate of lead, 297 

mercury, 297 



Orange, IIS 

flowers, 120 

confection, 120 

oil, 120 

pastilles, 120 

syrup, 120 

water, 120 

leaves, 119 

electuarv, 119 

jelly, 119 



ant'mony, 296 
butter of cocoa, 297 
camphor, 297 
castor, 297 
foxglove, 297 
hemlock, 297 

and henbane, 296 

liquorice, 297 

musk, 297 

nitrate of silver, 297 

sulphate of zinc, 297 

sulphuret antimony, 297 



plaster, 298 

with camphor, 298 

powder, compound, with chalk, 296 

roasted, 296 

with antimony, 296 

camphor, 296 

musk, 296 

nitre, 296 

sulphur, 296 



suppository, 299 

syrup, 299 
succinated, 299 

tincture, 301 

acetated, 301 

ammoniated, 302 

and asarabacca, 302 



peel, 119 

confection, 119 

electuary, 119 

elixir, 119 

infusion, 119 

compound, 119 



powder, with rhubarb, 119 
spirit, 119 
syrup, 119 
tincture, 119 



Orgeat, syrup ot, 99 
Origanum, 304 
Orpiment, 114 

gargle, 114 

lotion, 114 

powder, 114 



Orris root, 255 
dentifrice, 255 



Oxalic acid, 75 

ozenges, 



ir> 



Oxide, antimonv, nitro-muriatic, 105 

gold, 122 

manganese, 273 

silver, 111 

zinc, 410 

Oxymel,276 

bitartrate of potassa, 339 

colchicum, 171 

elecampane, compound, 250 

squill, 370 

Oyster-shell, prepared, 136 

Panada, 417 



GENERAL INDEX. 



549 



Panada, chicken, 419 
Paregoric elixir, 302 
Pareira brava, 306 

decoction, 307 

extract, 307 

infusion, 306 

tincture, 307 

Parsley, 308 

infusion of, 308 

oil of, 308 

Partridge-berry, 220 

oil, 220 

water, 220 

Pastes, 462 
Paste, almond, 99 

chloride of zinc, 411 

cocoa, compound, 132 

copaiba, 179 

de guimauve, 66 

fig, 214 

— — liquorice, 224 

marshmallow, 86 

— odontalgic, 275 

pectoral, of gum Arabic, 66 

phosphorus, 309 

tragacanth, 402 

rubefacient, 314 

Ward's, 310 

Pastilles, catechu, 153 

fumigating, 128 

orange flowers, 120 

purgative, 366 

vinegar, 67 

Paullinia, 307 

chocolate, 307 

extract, alcoholic, 307 

lozenges, 307 

pills, 307 

syrup, 307 

Pediluvium, mustard, 377 

muriatic acid, 74 

Pellitory, 340 

extract, 340 

liniment, 340 

lozenges, 340 

plaster, 340 

tincture, 340 

compound, 340 

Pennyroyal, 229 
infusion, 229 

oil, 229 

Pepper, black, 310 

cubebs, 183 

Jamaica, 310 

white, 310 

Peppermint, 277 

essence, 277 

lozenges, 277 

mixture, 277 

oil, 277 

Persimmon, 193 

infusion of bark, 193 

wine of fruit, 193 

Persulphate of mercury, 245 
Peruvian bark, 160 

beer, 165 

cataplasm, 165 

cerate, 165 

clyster, 165 

decoction, 162 

compound, 163 

mixture, 163 

with cascarilla, 103 

rhatany, 163 



-- electuary, 164 

astringent, 164 

with catechu, 164 



Peruvian bark, electuary, with cloves, 164 

iron, 164 

sulphur, 164 

tin, 164 



extract, 162 

bolus, 162 

pills, 162 

vinous, 162 



— gargle, 165 

— gelatine, 165 

— infusion, 163 
compound, 164 

with iron, 164 



with limewater, 163 

magnesia, 163 

snakeroot, 163 



valerian, 163 



lotion, 165 

mixture, 161 , 166 

pomatum, 165 

powder, compound, 160 

dentifrice, 161 

with arnica, 161 

camphor, 161 

cascarilla, 161 

isinglass, 161 

valerian, 161 



syrup, 166 

compound, 165 



— tincture, 164 

compound, 164 

with ammonia, 165 

cantharides, 165 

gentian, 165 

snakeroot, 165 

■ valerian, 164 



wine, 166 

and calamus, 166 

iron, 166 



Petroleum, 307 

anthelmintic mixture, 308 

British oil, 307 

diuretic mixture, 30S 

embrocation, 307 

ointment, 307 

plaster, 308 

Pharmaceutical names, table of, 433 
Phloridzine, 30S 

powder of, 308 

Phosphate of ammonia, 96 

iron, 210 

lime, 137 

mercury, 245 

quinine, 344 

soda, 384 



Phosphoric acid, 75 

diluted, 75 

fomentation, 75 

lemonade, 75 

pills, 75 

tincture of myrrh, 75 

Phosphorated ether, 308 

liniment, 309 

oil, 30S 

— turpentine, 309 



Phosphorus, 30S 

— cerate, 309 
paste, 309 



Picrotoxin, 168 
Pills, 447 

Abernethy's, 234 

— acetate of copper, 185 

lead, 313 

mercury, 236 

nd opium, 236 



morphia, 281 



550 

Pills, acetate of potassa, compound, 329 
soda, compound, 379 

aconite, extract, 77 

agaric and opium, 134 

aloes, 82 

and assafetida, 82 

blue mass, 84 

iron, 82 

myrrh, 82 

rhubarb, 84 

Anderson's, S3 



GENERAL INDEX. 



antichlorotic, 83 

aperient, S4 

Barthez's, S4 

Bicker's, 84 

Chapman's, 82 

compound, 82 

Duchesne's, 83 

Frank's, 84 

Fuller's, S3 

Griffitts', 84 

James's analeptic, S3 

Hooper's, 83, 211 

Lady Webster's, 83 

Mitchell's, 82 

Morrison's, 83 

Peters', S3 

Pitschaft's eccoprotic, 84 

Rufus', 82 

Speediman's, 83, 349 

splenitic, 83 

Wbytt's, 84 

alum, 88 

and benzoin, S8 

astringent, 88 

American hellebore, 409 

ammoniac, 97 

and rhubarb, 97 

compound, 97 

De Haen's, 97 

Klein's, 97 



ammoniated copper, 1S7 

compound, 1S7 

gold, 123 



iron, 201 



anemone, 102 

antimonial powder and calomel, 109 

arseniate of iron, 201 

arsenic and opium, 70 

pepper, 69 

arsenical, 69 

assafetida, 116 

and aloes, 4S 

lactucarium, 116 

iron, 117 

musk, 117 

opium, 117 



Bacher's, 
balsam of Peru, 285 
belladonna, compound, 127 
bichloride of platina, 313 
bittersweet, extract, 194 
black hellebore, 229 

extract of, 230 



black oxide of mercury, 244 

Bland's antichlorotic, 211 

bloodroot, 360 

blue, or mercurial, 234 

and colocynth, 234 

jalap, 234 

quinine, 234 

rhubarb, 234 

compound, 234 



borotartrate of potassa, compound, 331 

bromide of iron, 201 

brucia, 131 

buckbean, compound, 278 



Pills, calomel, 239 

and acetate of lead, 239 

antimony, 240 

catechu, 240 

colocynth, 240 

dandelion, 240 

guaiacum, 240 

iron, 240 

jalap, 240 

opium, 240 

quinine, 239 

squill, 240 



camphor, 11 



compound, 240 



compound, 13S 
and lactucarium, 138 
musk, 138 



cantharides and capsicum, 142 

iron, 142 

carbonate of ammonia, 93 

iron, 202 

compound, 203 



soda, 381 



carburet of iron, 203 

castor, 151 
and succinic acid, 151 

catechu and alum, 152 
liquorice, 152 

cathartic, compound, 240 

Cayenne pepper, 145 

celandine, 157 

centaury, extract, 154 

chamomile, compound, 144 

chloride of barium, 125 

calcium, 134 

gold, 121 

and sodium, 121 



mercury and quinine, 241, 

343 
silver and ammonia, 110 

colchicum, 170 

compound, 170 

colocynth, compound, 173 

and henbane, 173 



columbo, compound, 174 

copaiba, 177 

and cubebs, 177 

and turpentine, 178 

corrosive sublimate, 237 
compound, 237 

creasote, 181 

croton oil, 293 

compound, 294 

and blue mass, 294 

quinine, 294 

cyanide of gold, 122 
zinc, 412 



cyanuret of mercury, compound, 241 

potassium, 320 



dandelion, 39S 
and blue mass, 



digitalin, 192 

dogwood, round-leaved, 181 

elaterium, 194 

elecampane, compound, 250 

ergot, extract of, 197 

compound, 197 

ferrocyanate of quinine, 343 

zinc, compound, 412 

foxglove, 190 

fuligokali, sulphuretted, 216 

galbanum, compound, 217 

gallic acid, 71 

gamboge, compound, 219 

gentian, compound, 220 

and ammonia, 220 



gentianin, 222 



GENERAL INDEX. 



551 



Pills, guaiacum and aloes, 227 

antimony, 227 

sulphur, 227 

turpentine, 227 

hemlock and calomel, 175 

dandelion, 175 

ipecacuanha, 175 

henbane, compound, 24S 

and ipecacuanha, 248 

opium, 248 

hydrargyro-iodide of potassium, 325 

iodide of arsenic, 113 

calcium, 135 

iron, 207 

lead, 317 

mercury, 242 

compound, 242 

potassium, 321 



iodine, 251 
indigo, 250 
ipecacuanha and centaury, 254 

foxglove, 254 

• opium, 253 



compound, 254 



iron, prepared, 200 

jalap and calomel, 256 

compound, 256 

Keyser's, 236 

kinate of quinine, 344 

■ kino, compound, 259 

lactate of iron, 208 

quinine, 344 

lactucarium, 262 

Lockstadt's, 101 

lupulin, 268 

male fern, extract, 214 

oil, 214 



marygold, extract, 137 
mercury and antimony, 233 

gum, with hemlock, 233 



morphia, 2S0 

mudar, 138 

muriate of manganese, 272 

musk, 283 

myrrh and Canada balsam, 286 

squill, 286 

sulphate of iron, 286 

zinc, 286 



nitrate of bismuth, 130 

potassa, 335 

and camphor, 335 



nux vomica, 289 

and aloes, 289 

compound, 289 

extract, 289 

compound, 289 

opium, 296 

and acetate of lead, 297 

mercury, 297 

butter of cacao, 297 

— ■ camphor, 297 

castor, 297 

foxglove, 297 

hemlock, 297 

henbane, 296 

liquorice, 297 

musk, 297 

nitrate of silver, 297 

sulphate of zinc, 297 

sulphurct antimony, 297 



aromatic, 297 



oxide, black, of iron, 210 

gold, 123 

red, of iron, 210 

— — zinc, 410 
compound, 410 



Pills, paullinia, 307 

Peruvian bark, extract, 162 

phosphate of mercury, 245 

phosphoric acid, 75 

piperine, 311 

and mercury, 311 

pipsissewa, 158 

Plummer's, 240 

poison oak, 402 

proto-nitrate of iron, 207 

mercury, 243 

1 Prussian blue, 206 

red iodide of mercury, 243 

oxide of mercury, 244 

rhatany, 259 

rhubarb, 349 

compound, 349 

and caraway, 349 

— — chamomile, 349 

ipecacuanha, 349 

ox-gall, 349 

soda, 349 



saffron, 183 

sagapenum, compound, 357 

■ salicine, 358 

compound, 358 

savine, 356 

scammony, 366 

— and ox-gall, 366 

compound, 366 



seneka, 371 
senna, 373 
soap, 361 

and ox-gall, 361 

compound, 361 

soda and ipecacuanha, 381 

rhubarb, 381 



soot, 215 

squill and ammoniac, 367 

calomel, 367 

croton oil, 367 

ipecacuanha, 367 

henbane, 368 



compound, 368 

stimulant, 390 

storax, 389 

stramonium, 3S8 

compound, 388 

strychnine, 390 

compound, 390 



sulphate of cinchonia, 166 

copper, 187 

and opium, 1S7 

compound, 1SS 



iron, 211 

and rhubarb, 211 

compound, 211 

morphia, 282 
potassa, 337 
quinine, 345 

compound, 346 

with gentian, 346 
soda, compound, 3S4 
zinc, 414 

compound, 414 

with myrrh, 414 

turpentine, 414 

f antimony, 105 

and lime, 106 
calcium, compound, 135 
mercury, black, 246 
red, 246 



tannic acid, 76 



potassium, 326 

and charcoal, 326 

compound, 326 

tin, compound, 388 



552 

Pills, tannic acid, and opium, 76 

tansy, 397 

tar, 392 

tartar emetic and camphor, 107 

guaiacum, 107 

opium, 107 

tobacco, 396 

turpentine, 399 

and guaiacum, 399 

jalap, 399 

magnesia, 399 

myrrh, 399 

■ rhubarb, 399 

valerian, compound, 405 

valerianate of zinc, 415 

veratrin, 407 

and henbane, 408 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Virginia snakeroot, compound, 376 

Pink, 190 

syrup, 190 

Pinkroot, 386 

and calomel, 386 



savine, dso 

decoction, 3S7 
extract, 387 

fluid, 3i 



compou 



id, 386 



infusion, compound, 

Piperine, 311 

pills of, 311 

and mercury, 311 

tincture of, 311 

Pipsissevva, 157 

beer, 15S 

decoction, 157 

compound, 157 



extract, 157 
pills, 158 
syrup, 158 



Pitch, black, 312 

ointment of, 312 

plaster of, 313 

Burgundy, 311 

Canada, 312 

cerate, 312 

hemlock, 312 

pills of, 312 

plaster, 311 

aromatic, 311 

compound, 311 

Plasters, 472 

Plaster, acetate of lead, 314 

adhesive, 348 

Baynton's, 311 

^^^— ammonia, 91 



ammoniac, 98 

with hemlock, 98 

mercury, 98 

assafetida, 118 

balsam of Peru, 286 

belladonna, 128 

biniodide of potassium, 325 

black pepper, 310 
pitch, 313 

cantharides, camphorated, 144 

compound, 144 

odontalgic, 144 

carbonate of ammonia, 93 

lead, 316 

zinc, 414 



carburet of iron, 204 
cinnamon, spice, 168 
clove, 149 
court, 249 

blistering, 144 

croton oil, 295 
cumin, 189 



Plaster, diapalma, 317 

elemi, cautery, 195 

euphorbium, 199 

foxglove, 191 

galbanum, 217 

compound, 217 

Gaulthier's, 317 

gum, 98 

hemlock, 176 

compound, 176 



iodine, 252 
iron, 203 
lead, 317 
mercurial, 235 

and belladonna, 235 



myrrh, 287 
Nuremberg, 318 
opium, 298 

and camphor, 298 

pellitory, 340 
petroleum, 308 
pitch, 311 

aromatic, 311 

compound, 311 

■ red oxide of iron, 210 
resin, 348 

spice, 416 

■ St. Andrew's, 348 
subacetate of lead, 315 

• sulphate of quinine, 347 

■ sulphuret of antimony and lime, 107 
potassium, compound, 328 

■ tartar emetic, 10S 

■ turpentine, 399 
compound, 400 

verdigris, 186 



Platina, 313 

bichloride of, 313 

mixture of, 313 

ointment of, 313 

pills of, 313 

Pleurisy root, 115 

infusion, 115 

Plummer's pills, 240 
Podophyllin, 318 
Poids de Marc, 12 
Poison, extract, 402 

oak, 402 

pills, 402 

tincture, 402 

Poisons, 479 
Poke, 309 

ointment of, 309 

Polygalic acid, 372 
Pomatum, cantharides, 144 
Pomegranate, 225 

bolus of root, 226 

decoction of rind, 225 

root, 225 



extract of root, 225 

electuary, 225 

mixture, 225 



Poppy heads 



gargle of rind, 225 
injection of rind, 225 
306 

decoction, 306 
injection, sedative, 306 
mixture, sedative, 306 
syrup, 306 

pectoral, 306 



red, 357 

Portland powder, 154 
Posological table, 426 
Posset, molasses, 419 
Potassa, 328 

acetate, 329 

scillitic, 329 



GENERAL INDEX. 



553 



Potassa, acetate, bolus, 329 

conserve, 329 

liquid, 330 

— — — — — mixture, 



pills, compound, 329 
tincture, 330 



— arseniate, 330 

mixture, 330 

■solution, 330 



bicarbonate, 333 

effervescing powders, 333 

solution, 333 



— mixture, 334 



bisulphate, 337 

disinfecting powder, 337 

effervescing draught, 337 

bitartrate, 338 

dentifrice, 338 

electuary, 339 

imperial, 339 

mixture, 339 

oxymel, 339 

powder, 338 

solution, 339 

compound, 339 



borate, 330 

borotartrate, 331 

and magnesia, 331 

• mixture, 331 



— mixture, 331 

— pills, compound, 331 

— powder, 331 

— solution, 331 
331 

— and ammonia, 334 
-collutory, 332 
-collyrium, 332 
-emulsion, 332 

— fomentation, 332 
-liniment, 332 
-lotion, 332 
-mixture, 332 
-ointment, 333 
-powder, 332 

— pure, 332 
-solution, 332 
-tincture, 332 

- compound, 333 



caustic, 328 

collyrium, 329 

injection, 329 

lotion, stimulant, 329 

mixture, 329 

solution of, 328 

lithontriptic, 329 



chlorate, 334 
powder 



solution, 334 



334 
compound, 334 



— citrate, 334 

mixture, 335 

solution, 334 

compound, 335 

— iodate, 335 
syrup, 335 

— nitrate, 335 

■ emulsion, 336 

' fused, 335 

gargle, 336 

lotion, 336 

mixture, 336 

pills, 335 

with camphor, 335 

powder, compound, 335 

with camphor, 335 

orris root, 335 

squill, 335 



Potassa, nitrate, purified, 335 

oxalate, 336 

lozenges, 336 

powder, 336 



silicate, 336 

soluble glass, 337 

solution, 337 

sulphate, 337 

and ammonia, 337 

magnesia, 337 

sulphur, 33S 



mixture, 337 
pills, 337 

powder, compound, 337 
and rhubarb, 337 



and ammonia, 339 

mixture, 339 

solution, 339 

mixture, 338 

powder, and rhubarb, 338 



328 

solution of, 32S 



Potassium, 319 
biniodide of, 



gol's, 323 



collyrium, 324 

ioduretted bath, 324 

water, 323 

Lu- 



lotion, compound, 324 
mixture, 324 
ointment, 325 

and opium, 325 

plaster, 325 

solution, compound, 324 
caustic, 324 



syrup, 324 

tincture, compound, 324 



bromide of, 319 

ointment of, 319 

compound, 319 

solution of, 319 



chloride of, 319 

solution of; 320 



cyanuret of, 320 

lotion of, 320 

mixture of, 320 

ointment of, 321 

pills of, 320 

solution of, 320 

■ syrup of, 320 



hydrargyr 



-iodide of, 325 

ointment, 325 

pills, 325 

— solution, 325 
tincture, 325 



ide of, 321 

and sarsaparilla, 322 

injection of, 322 

•liniment of, 323 

lozenges of, 321 

mixture of, 322 

ointment of, 322 

and mercury, 32S 

morphia, 323 

— opium, 322 



— pills of, 321 

— soap of, 323 

— solution of, 321 
syrup of, 322 



sulpho-cyanuret of, 326 

sulphuret of, 326 

and cremor tartar, 326 

bath, 327 

bolus, 326 

electuary, 326 



554 

Potassium, sulphuret of, ferro, 326 

hyposulphited, 326 

■ syrup, 327 

injection, 327 

lotion, 327 

compound, 327 



GENERAL INDEX. 



mixture, 328 

ointment, 328 

pills, 326 

compound, 326 

and 



charcoal, 326 



plaster, compound, 328 
soap, 328 
solution, 327 
syrup, 327 

compound, 327 



tincture, 327 

water, 327 

Potion of carbonate of ammonia, 92 
Poultices, 468 
Powders, 446 

compound, 446 

simple, 446 

Powder, acetate of lead, 313 

morphia, compound, 281 



aconite, compound, 77 

agaric, 130 
and opium, 130 

almond, 99 

aloes, S2 

and canella, 82 

compound, 82 

emmenagogue, 82 

alum, 87 

escharotic, 87 

• ammoniated copperand belladonna, 187 
iron, 201 



animal charcoal, 145 
anthracokali, 147 

compound, 147 



antihectic, 284 

arnica, compound, 112 

aromatic, 147, 284 

arsenical, 69 

arsenic, compound, 69 

asarabacca, 115 

avens, compound, 223 

belladonna, 126 

and rhubarb, 127 

benzoic acid and ipecacuanha, 70 

benzoin, 128 

bicarbonate of potassa, 333 

bismuth, compound, 129 

bitartrate of potassa, 33S 

black oxide of iron, 209 

sulphuret of mercury, 246 

borax, compound, 380 

— — borotartrate of potassa, 331 

burnt sponge, 387 

compound, 387 



calomel and antimony, 23S 

jalap, 239 

foxglove, 239 

nitrate of potassa, 239 

opium, 239 

gamboge, 239 

pinkroot, 239 

antimony and henbane, 239 

jalap and rhubarb, 239 



camphor, 138 

compound, 138 



cantharides and camphor, 142 
savine, 141 



• capuchin, 356 
carbonate of lead, camphorated, 316 
i potassa, 332 



Powder, carbonate of soda, effervescing, 381 

and magnesia, 381 

mercury, 381 

rhubarb, 381 



zinc, 414 



carburet of iron, 203 

cascarilla, compound, 150 

castor, compound, 151 

catechu, compound, 152 

cevadilla, compound, 355 

chalk, aromatic, 136 

compound, 136 

with opium, 136 

charcoal and quassia, 146 

chlorate of potassa, 334 
compound, 334 

chloride of barium, 124 

chloride of gold, 120 
and sodium, 121 



silver, 110 



cinnamon, compound, 167 
cocoa, compound, 132 
colocynth, compound, 172 
columbo and ginger, 174 

iron, 173 

magnesia, 173 

tartrate of iron, 174 



common salt and cochineal, 378 
compound, 378 

contrayerva, compound, 176 

coriander, compound, 180 

corrosive sublimate and copper, 237 
zinc, 237 

cubebs, 1S3 

and alum, 183 

ergot, 1S3 

hemlock, 183 



cyanide of gold, 122 
disinfecting, 337 
Dover's, 252 
emmenagogue, 286 
ergot, compound, 196 
fennel, compound, 215 
foxglove, 190 
fumigating, 128, 247 
galls, compound, 218 
gamboge, compound, 219 
gentian, compound, 220 
gold, 120 



golden sulphuret of antimony, 106 

guaiacum, compound, 227 

hcemostatic, 348 

hedge hyssop, 226 

hemlock, 175 

henbane, compound, 248 

horse chestnut, compound, 247 

indigo, 250 

iodide of barium, 125 

lead, 317 

mercury, 242 

sulphur, 395 



ipecacuanha and antimony, 253 

calomel, 253 

carbonate of soda, 253 

muriate of ammonia, 

253 

myrrh, 253 

nitre, 253 

— . , opium, 252 

rhubarb, 253 

tartar emetic, 253 

tragacanth, 253 



•jalap and calomel, 255 

cremor tartar, 256 

■ ipecacuanha, 256 

:ammony, 256 



compound, 256 



GENERAL INDEX. 



555 



Powder, James's, 109 
kerraesine, 106 



compound, 106 



kino, compound, 258 
lavender, compound, 264 
lupuline, 268 
madder, compound, 354 
magnesia and orange peel, 269 

rhubarb, 269 

sulphur, 269 



male fern, 214 

marsh mallow, 86 

mercurial, compound, 233 

metallic iron, 200 
compound, 200 

milk, 261 

musk, 283 

myrrh and ipecacuanha, 286 

nitrate of potassa and camphor, 335 

orris root, 335 

squill, 335 



compound, 335 

nux vomica, 288 

oak bark, compound, 342 

opium and antimony, 296 

camphor, 296 

chalk, compound, 296 

musk, 296 

nitre, 296 

sulphur, 296 



roasted, 296 



orange peel and rhubarb, 119 
orpiment, 114 
oxalate of potassa, 336 
oxide of gold, 122 
manganese, 273 



Peruvian bark, and arnica, 161 

camphor, 161 

cascarilla, 161 

isinglass, 161 

valerian, 161 



phloridzine, 308 



■ compound, 160 



phosphate of soda, compound, 384 

pinkroot and calomel, 386 

savine, 386 

Portland, 154 

Prussian blue, 205 

compound, 205 

red oxide of mercury, 244 

sulphuret of mercury, 246 

— — — — — rhatany, compound, 259 

rhubarb and chalk, 348 

magnesia, 348 

sulphate of potassa, 348 

compound, 348 

sal ammoniac, 95 

salicin, compound, 358 

salivation, against, 72 

sarsaparilla and Peruvian bark, 362 

savine and ginger, 356 

pinkroot, 356 

Spanish flies, 356 

verdigris, 356 

scnmmony and cremor tartar, 365 



soot, 366 
compound, 366 



Scidlitz, 385 
semen contra, 1 15 
scneka, compound, 371 
senna, and guaiacum, 373 

compound, 373 

soap, cosmetic, 301 
spermaceti, compound, 155 
squill and calomel, 367 

cremor tartar, 367 

ipecacuanha, 367 



Powder, squill and nitre, 367 

sulphur, 367 

compound, 367 



starch, compound, 101 

- subcarbonate of iron, 202 

- sulphate of copper, 187 
compound, 187 



— mercury, compound, 245 

— potassa, and rhubarb, 337 
compound, 337 



quinine, 345 

and morphia, 345 

soda, 345 

tartar emetic, 

345 

tartaric acid, 

345 



compound, 345 

— soda and opium, 3S4 

nitre, 384 

tartar emetic, 3 



sulphur and antimony, 393 

camphor, 392 

cremor tartar, 393 

liquorice, 393 

magnesia, 393 

orris root, 393 



compound, 393 



sulphuret of potassium and cremor tar- 
tar, 326 

tartar emetic, 107 

and ipecacuanha, 107 

phosphate lime, 107 

quinine, 107 



compound, 107 



tartarized soda and rhubarb, 385 
tartrate of iron and columbo, 212 
effervescent, 212 



potassa and rhubarb, 338 



tragacanth, compound, 402 

uva ursi, compound, 404 

valerian, compound, 404 

verdigris and savine, 185 

wild ipecacuanha, 198 

willow bark, compound, 358 

white hellebore, 40S 

zinc, oxide, 410 

and Colombo, 410 

compound, 410 

— ■ cyanide, 412 

ferricyanide, 412 



Precipitation, 447 
Preservative liquid, 134 
Proper use of utensils, 49 
Prunes, 340 
Prussian blue, 205 

ink, 206 

■ mixture, 206 

ointment, 206 

pills, 206 

— powder, 205 

compound, 205 



Pudding, arrowroot, 274 

tapioca, 398 

Pulp of purging cassia, 144 

■ tamarinds, 397 

Purging cassia, 150 

Purified animal charcoal, 145 

Pyroligncous acid, 69 

• cataplasm, 69 

' injection, 69 

mouth wash, 69 



Quassia, 341 

extract, 341 

infusion, 341 



556 

Quassia, infusion, compound, 341 

tincture, 341 

compound, 341 

wine, 341 

Quiet in sick room, 47 
Quince seeds, 188 

bandoline, 180 

decoction, 189 

mixture, 189 

Quinine, 342 

acetate, 342 

amorphous, 342 

and chloride mercury, 343 



arseniate, 343 

citrate, 343 

and iron, 343 

syrup, 343 

ferrocyanate, 343 

mixture, 343 

pills, 343 



GENERAL INDEX. 



hydriodate, 343 

impure, 342 
tincture, 342 

iodide, with iron, 343 

ioduretted hydriodate, 343 

kinate, 344 
pills, 344 

lactate, 344 

mixture, 344 

pills, 344 

s .Y r up, 344 

muriate, 344 

mixture, 344 



nitrate, 344 

phosphate, 344 

sulphate, 344 

dentifrice, 347 

enema, 347 

gargle, 347 

liniment, 346 

mixture, 346 

with coffee, 346 



ointment, 347 

pills, 345 

and gentian, 346 

compound, 346 

plaster, 347 

powder, 345 

and morphia, 345 

soda, 345 

tartar emetic, 

345 

tartaric acid, 

345 
compound, 345 

syrup, 346 
and coffee, 346 

tincture, 346 
compound, 346 

wine, 346 
aromatic, 346 



sulpho-tannate, 347 
tannate, 347 
tartrate, 347 
valerianate, 347 



Racahout, 132 

Ratafia of wormwood, 66 

Red cedar, 258 

iodide of mercury, 243 

lead, 318 

oxide of iron, 210 

mercury, 244 

poppy, 351 

infusion, 352 

compound, 352 



Red poppy, syrup, 352 

roses, 352 

sulphuret of mercury, 246 

Refrigerants, 61 
Resin, 347 

cerate, 34S 

compound, 348 

hemp, 141 

jalap, 256 

plaster, 348 

St. Andrew's, 348 

powder, haemostatic, 348 

scammony, 366 

Rhatany, 259 

clyster, 260 

collutory, 260 

dentifrice, 259 

electuary, 259 

extract, 259 

infusion, 259 

injection, 260 

mixture, 260 

ointment, compound, 260 

pills, 259 

powder, compound, 259 

syrup, 260 

tincture, 260 

Rhubarb, 348 

electuary, 349 

extract, 350 

fluid, 350 



infusion, 349 
alkaline, 350 



lozenges, 349 
mixture, 351 
pills, 349 

compound, 349 

and caraway, 349 

chalk, 348 

chamomile, 349 

ipecacuanha, 349 

oxgall, 349 

soda, 349 



powder and magnesia, 348 

sulphate of potassa, 

compound, 348 

roasted, 348 

suppository, 349 

syrup, 350 

aromatic, 350 

and senna, 350 

tincture, 350 

alkaline, 351 

and aloes, 350 

aniseed, 351 

gentian, 350 

senna, 350 



Warner's cordial, 351 



wine, 351 

and gentian, 351 

compound, 351 

Rice, 304 

blancmange, 420 

custard, 420 

gruel, 304 

mucilage, 304 

water, 304 

Rochelle salt, 385 
Rose, dog, 352 

confection, 352 

hundred-leaved, 352 

collutory, 352 

essence, 352 

lozenges, 352 

oil, 352 

water, 352 

ointment, 352 



GENERAL INDEX. 



557 



Rose, red, 352 

confection, 353 

electuary, 353 



— honey, 353 

— infusion, acid, 353 

— syrup, 353 

— tincture, 353 

— vinegar, compound, 353 
wine, 353 



Rosemary, 353 

aromatic bath, 353 

fomentation, S53 

vinegar, 353 



Hungary water, 354 
oil, 354 
spirit, 354 
tincture, 354 



Rosin, 347 

Round-leaved dogwood, 180 

Rue, 355 

confection, 355 

extract, 355 

mixture, 355 

and squill, 355 

syrup, 355 

tincture, 355 

Rules for the administration of medicine, 53 
Rust's astringent, 87 

Saccharate of lead, 318 
Saccharine carbonate of iron, 202 
Safflower, 148 

infusion, 148 

Saffron, 182 

collyrium, 183 

elixir, 183 

infusion, 183 

ointment, 183 

pills, 183 

syrup, 183 

tincture, 183 

compound, 183 

Sagapenum, 357 

pills, compound, 357 

Sage, 358 

gargle, 359 

infusion, 358 

compound, 359 

vinegar, 359 

Sago, 357 

milk, 358 

mucilage, 357 

posset, 357 

Sal ammoniac, 95 
Salep, mucilage, 417 

powder, compound, 417 

Salicin,358 

pills, 358 

compound, 358 

powder, compound, 358 

Salt, common, 378 
Saltpetre, 335 

Saponine, 361 
Sarsaparilla, 362 

beer, 365 

decoction, 362 



compound, 362 
Feltz's, 363 
Jauperand'8, 363 
Vinache's, 363 
Zittman's, 363 



essence, 363 
compound, 364 

extract, 363 
fluid, 363 



Indian, 230 
decoction, 231 



Sarsaparilla, Indian, infusion, 230 

mixture, 230 

syrup, 230 

infusion, 362 

Ikaline, 362 



Lisbon diet drink, 363 
powder, with Peruvian bark, : 
syrup, 364 

compound, 364 

Gesnouin's, 365 

Laffecteur's, 364 



Sassafras, 364 

bark, 364 

infusion, 364 

compound, 364 

oil, 364 

tincture, 364 

compound, 364 



pith, 364 

— mucilage, 364 



Savine, 356 

cerate, 357 

extract, 356 

infusion, 357 

oil, 357 

ointment, 357 

pills, 356 

powder with cantharides, 356 

ginger, 356 

pinkroot, 356 

verdigris, 356 



tincture, 357 

compound, 357 



Scammony, 365 

chocolate, 367 

confection, 366 

elixir, 366 

emulsion, 366 

compound, 366 



mixture, 366 
oil, 366 
pastilles, 366 
de sante, 



pills 



366 

compound, 366 
with ox-gall, 36' 



powder with cream tartar, 365 
soot, 365 



compound, 366 



Scarifications, 477 
Scurvy grass, 169 

electuary, 169 

gargle, 169 

Sea holly, 197 
Sealing-wax, red, 262 
Sedatives, 61 
Seidlitz powders, 385 
Semen contra, 115 

electuary, 115 

mixture, 115 

powder, 115 

Semi-vitrified oxide of lead, 317 
Sencka, 371 

decoction, 372 

emulsion, 372 

extract with squill, 372 

infusion, 372 

compound, 372 

jelly, 372 

mixture, 372 

pills, 371 

■- polygalic acid, 372 

syrup, 373 

powder, compound, 371 

syrup, 327 



Senna, 373 

American, 150 



558 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Senna, American, infusion, 151 

confection, 373 

compound, 373 

electuary with cremor tartar, 373 

figs, 373 

rhubarb, 373 

sulphur, 373 

emulsion, 375 

extract, alcoholic, 373 

infusion, 374 

compound, 374 

with buckthorn, 375 

coffee, 374 

lemon juice, 375 

rhubarb, 375 

— tamarinds, 374 
tincture, 375 



Snakeroot, Virginia, tincture, 376 

with balsam Peru, 

376 



wine, with vanilla, 376 



mixture, 375 

pills, 373 

powder, compound, 373 

•and guaiacum, 373 



jp, 375 

— and apples, 375 
rhubarb, 375 



tincture, compound, 374 

with gentian, 374 

jalap, 374 



wine, compound, 374 

Setons, 471 
Shampoo liquid, 144 
Sialagogues, 61 
Silicate of potassa, 336 
Silk weed, 116 
Silver, 110 

chloride, 110 

and ammonia, 110 

pills, 110 



cyanide, 110 



powder, 110 



Ument, 110 



iodide 



. no 

ointment, 111 

nitrate, 111 

collyrium, 111 

hair dye, 111 

indelible ink, 111 

mixture, 111 

ointment, 112 

compound, 112 

pills, 111 

solution, 111 

Mackensie's, 111 



111 

ointment, 111 



Simaruba, 377 

infusic 



, 377 
compound, 377 



Sinapisms, 469 
Skunk cabbage, 193 

infusion, 193 

tincture, 193 

Slippery elm, 403 

cataplasm, 404 

infusion, 403 

Snakeroot, black, 160 

decoction, 160 

tincture, 160 

Virginia, 376 

electuary, 376 

infusion, 376 

compound, 376 



mixture, with allspice, 376 

acetated, 

376 



ether, 376 



pills, compound, 376 



Sneezewort, 229 
Soap, 360 

almond, 360 

- aromatic, 360 

arsenical, 361 

balsam, camphorated acetic, J 

beef marrow, 360 

bolus, 361 

camphorated, 360 

castile, 360 

cataplasm, 362 

clyster, 362 

cod liver oil, 362 

ioduretted, 362 



- common, 360 

- electuary, 361 

- essence, 361 

camphorated, 361 

- grease balls, 361 

- hard, 360 

■ iodide of potassium, 323 
• itch ointment, 362 
•jalap, 257 
-pills, 361 

and ox-gall, 361 

compound, 361 



powder, aromatic, 361 

saponine, 361 

soft, 360 

solution, ethereal, 361 

Spanish, 360 

Starkey's, 293, 360 

sulphuret of potassium, 328 

suppository, 362 

turpentine, 360 

with sulphur, 362 

Soda, 379 

acetate, 379 

pills, compound, 379 



solution, 



bicarbonate, 381 
lozenges, 381 

bisulphate, 385 
and magnesia, 385 

borate, 380 

cakes, 421 

carbonate, 381 

dried, 381 

emulsion, 382 

injection, 382 



lotion, 

mixture, anti-emetic, 382 

with chamomile, 382 

copaiba, 382 

gentian, 382 

ipecacuanha, 382 

■ quassia, 382 



— ointment, 3S2 
-pills, 381 

— powder, with magnesia, 381 
— mercury, 381 

rhubarb, 381 



Dlution, diuretic, 382 



caustic, 379 
chlorate of, 383 

gargle, 

lotion, l 



chlorinated, 383 

gargle, 383 

solution, 383 

diluted, 383 



hydrosulphate of, 383 



GENERAL INDEX. 



559 



Soda, hyposulphite of, syrup, 383 

phosphate, 384 

mixture, 384 

powder, compound, 3S4 



pills, 



ith ipecacuanha, 381 
- rhubarb, 381 



powder, effervescing, 381 
solution, 379 

effervescing, 3S1 



sulphate, 3S4 

clyster, 385 

electuary, 3S4 

emulsion, 384 

lemonade, 3S4 

lotion, 385 

pills, compound, 384 

— — — powder, with nitre, 384 

opium, 384 

tartar emetic, 



solution, compound, 3S4 

suppository, 3S5 

tartarized, 385 

clyster, 385 

mixture, 385 

powder, with rhubarb, 385 

Seidlitz's, 385 

whey, 385 



Sodium, 378 

bromide, 378 

ointment, 378 

chloride, 378 

bath, with gelatine, 378 

clyster, 378 

and arnica, 379 

fomentation, 378 



mixture, with lemon juice, 379 

ointment, 379 
compound, 379 

powder, compound, 378 
and cochineal, 378 



chloroplatinate, 313 

injection, 



lphuret, 379 

bath, 379 

liniment, 379 

lotion, 379 

mixture with sal ammoniac, 

379 
ointment, 379 



Soluble glass, 337 
Solution, arsenical, 330 

Donovan's, 114 

Fowler's, 330 

Labarraque's, 383 

of acetate ammonia, 91 

barytes, 126 



mercury, 236 
morphia, 281 
alcoholic, 281 



odontalgic, 



arseniate of ammonia, 92 
soda, 380 



arsenic, 69 
ammoniated copper, 187 



muriate of copper and 



186 



ammonio'-tartrate of iron, 213 

atropine, 1 IS 
barytes, 125 
belladonna, extract, 127 

■ bimcconate ofmorphia, 281 
bitartrate of potassa, 339 

compound, 339 

■ borotartratc of potassa, 331 
bromide of mercury, ethereal, 236 

potassium, 319 



Solution of bromine, 130 

alcoholic, 130 



brucia, 131 

carbonate of potassa, 332 

soda, 382 

diuretic, 382 

effervescing, 381 



caustic potassa, 328 

chlorate of barium, 125 
potassa, 334 

chloride of calcium, 133 

gold and sodium, 121 

soda, 383 

diluted, 383 



chlorinated potassa, 320 
citrate of magnesia, 271 

potassa, 234 

corrosive sublimate, 237 

alcoholic, 



cotton, ethereal, 225 

creasote, alcoholic, 183 

croton oil, saponaceous, 294 

cyanide of gold, 122 

cyanuret of mercury, 241 
potassium, 320 

delphinia, 189 

ferrocyanide of zinc, 412 

gamboge, alkaline, 219 

hydrargyro-iodide of potassium, 325 

iodide o'firon, 207 

officinal, 207 

potassium, 321 

caustic, 324 

compound, 324 



413 



lac, 262 

magnesia, 270 

muriate ofmorphia, 282 

myrrh, alkaline, 286 

nitrate of silver, 111 

nitro-saccharate of lead, 318 

potassa, 328 

effervescing, 333 

lithontriptic, 329 

persesquinitrate of iron, 209 

phosphate of ammonia, 96 



soap, ethereal, 361 

soda, 379 

subacetate of lead, 314 

sulphate of bebeerine, 126 

cadmium, 133 

iron, 211 

morphia, 283 

soda, compound, 3S4 

veratrine, 408 

zinc, 414 



sulphuret of potassium, 327 
tartrate of iron and potassa, 212 
— potassa and ammonia, 339 



Soot, 215 

cataplasm, 216 

decoction, 215 

injection, 216 

mixture, 216 

mouth wash, 216 

oil, 216 

ointment, 216 

compound, 216 

pills, 215 

tincture, 216 

Southernwood, 1 14 

clyster, 114 

infusion, 114 

Spanish Hies, 141 
Spearmint, 277 

arqucbusade water, 278 

infusion, 278 



560 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Spearmint, infusion, compound, 278 
Specific gravity, 20 
Spermaceti, 154 

cerate, 155 

liniment, 155 

lip salve, 155 

mixture, 155 

ointment, 155 

and rosewater, 155 

sultana, 155 



powder, compound, 155 



Spirits, 461 

Spirit of acetic ether, 79 

allspice, 309 

ammonia, and succinic acid, 86 

fetid, 91 

aniseed, 103 

balm, compound, 277 

caraway, 149 

castor, compound, 151 

cloves, 149 

horseradish, compound, 112 

juniper, compound, 258 

lavender, 264 

compound, 265 



lemon, 266 
odoriferous, 266 

muriatic ether, 80 

nutmeg, 285 
compound, 285 

orange peel, 119 

rosemary, 354 

succinated ammonia, 96 

sulphuric ether, SO 



— sweet of nitre, 79 
vanilla, 407 

— vinegar, aromatic, 6S 
wormwood, compound, 65 



Sponge, 387 

burnt, 387 

bolus, 387 

electuary, 387 

powder, 387 

compound, 387 

Sponging, 467 
Spruce beer, 420 
Spurge, 198 
Squill, 367 

electuary, 370 

emulsion, 370 

extract, 370 

and rhubarb, 369 

ointment, 370 

compound, 370 



oxymel, 370 

mixture, with ammonia, 370 

ipecacuanha, 370 

marsh mallow, 370 



pills and ammoniac, 367 

calomel, 367 

croton oil, 367 

henbane, 368 

ipecacuanha, 367 



compound, 368 



powder with calomel, 367 

cremor tartar, 367 

ipecacuanha, 367 

nitre, 367 

sulphur, 367 



compound, 367 

syrup, 370 

aromatic, 371 

compound, 368 

mixture, 369 

tincture, 369 

alkaline, 369 

and elaterium, 



Squill, tincture, and benzoin, compound, 
ethereal, 369 



vinegar, 370 
mixture, 370 



• and ammonia, 370 



Star grass, 81 

tincture, SI 

Starch, 101 

iodide, 102 

jelly, 102 

lozenges, 102 

—^— mixture, with suet, 102 

mucilage, 101 

powder, compound, 101 

Starkey's soap, 273, 360 

Stavesacre, 38S 

decoction, 388 

ointment, 388 



vinegar 



Stimulants, 62 
Storax, 389 

pills, compound, 389 

purified, 389 

syrup, 389 

Stramonium, 3SS 

extract of leaves, ', 

seeds, 3 



lotion, 388 

mixture, 388 

ointment, 3S9 

pills, 3SS 
compound, 38S 

syrup, 389 

tincture of leaves, 389 

seeds, 389 

ethereal, 389 



wine, 389 



Strychnine, 389 

acetate, 390 

solution, 390 

tincture, 391 

collyrium, 390 

iodate, 391 

liniment, 390 

. mixture, 390 

muriate, 390 

nitrate, 391 

intment, 391 



ointment, 390 
pills, 390 

stimulant, 390 

powder, compound, 390 
sulphate, 391 
tincture, 390 



Styptic of sulphate of copper, 
Stuping, 468 

Subacetate of copper, 185 
lead, 314 



Subcarbonate of iron, 202 
Subnitrate of bismuth, 129 
Succinate of ammonia, 96 
Succory, 160 

extract, 160 

infusion, 160 

syrup, compound, 160 

Sugar, 357 

barley, 231 

burnt, 357 

milk, 261 

syrup, 357 

vanilla, 407 

Sulphate of alumina, 87 

and potassa, 87 



ammonia, 97 



GENERAL INDEX. 



561 



Sulphate of antimony, 107 

brucia, 131 

cinchonia, 166 

copper, 187 

indigo, 250 

iron, 210 

■ magnesia, 271 

manganese, 273 

morphia, 282 

potassa, 337 

and ammonia, 337 

magnesia, 337 

sulphur, 338 

quinine, 344 

soda, 384 



zinc, 414 

Sulpho-cyanuret of potassium, 326 

tartrate of quinia, 347 

Sulphur, 392 

balsam, 394 

ethereal, 394 

terebinthinated, 394 



cerate, 394 

electuary, 393 
compound, 393 

iodide, 395 

— — — — ointment, 395 
powder, 395 

linctus, 393 

liniment, with soap, 394 

mixture, 394 

ointment, 394 

compound, 394 

with camphor, 3 

soap, 394 

zinc, 394 



powder, compound, 393 

with antimony, 393 

camphor, 392 

cremor tartar, 393 

liquorice, 393 

— — — — magnesia, 393 

orris root, 393 



precipitated, 392 
sublimed, 392 
washed, 392 



Sulphuret of antimony, 105 

arsenic, 114 

barium, 125 

calcium, 135 

carbon, 395 

iron, 212 

magnesia, 272 

mercury, black, 246 

red, 246 



potassium, 326 
soda, 379 



Sulphuretted water, artificial, 73 
Sulphuric acid, 75 

and alcohol, 76 

nitric ether, 76 



dilute, 75 
lemonade, 76 
liniment, 76 
ointment, 76 



ether, 80 

ethereal oil, 80 

Hoffmann's anodyne, 80 

lotion, 80 

mixture, with camphor, 81 

turpentine, 81 



rectified, 80 

spirit, 80 

syrup, 81 

Suppositories, 56 
Suppository, anthelmintic, 84 
charcoal, 146 

36 



Suppository, hemlock, 176 

opium, 299 

rhubarb, 349 



zinc, chloride of, 411 



Swamp dogwood, 180 
Sweet almonds, 98 

fern, 174 

spirit of nitre, 79 

violet, 409 

Sydenham's laudanum, 301 
Syrups, 450 
Syrup, 357 

acetate of morphia, 281 

antimonial wine, 109 

asparagus shoots, 116 

balsam of Peru, 285 

tolu, 401 



belladonna, 127 

Gillet's, 127 



biniodide of potassium, 324 

bittersweet, 194 

blackberry, 355 

brooklime, 126 

cadmium, 148 

capillaire,79 

chamomile, 104 

chloride of gold and sodium, 121 

compound, 122 



iron, 204 

■ cinchonia, 167 

• citrate of iron, 205 

■ citric acid, 71 

• clove pink, 190 

■ cod liver oil, 290 

■ codeia, 169 

• coffee, 170 

• colchicum, 171 

■ coltsfoot, 403 

• cubebs, alcoholic ethereal extract, 184 

■ cyanuret of potassium, 320 

■ emetine, 196 

• ergot, 196 

• galls, 218 

• garlic, 81 
gentian, 221 

extract, 221 

gentianin, 222 

• ginger, 415 

ethereal extract, 416 

gold, 120 

gum, 66 
compound, 66 

hive, 36S 

horehound, 274 

hydrocyanic acid, 72 

hyposulphite of soda, 383 

hyposulphited sulphuret of potassium, 327 

Indian sarsaparilla, 230 

iodate of potassa, 335 

iodide and chloride of iron, 208 

of iron, 207 

potassium, 322 

zinc, 413 

ipecacuanha, 254 
compound, 254 

kino, 259 

lactate of iron, 208 
quinine, 344 

lactucariutn, 263 

lemon, 266 

— peel, 266 

vinous, 266 



lettuce, 263 
liquorice, 224 
lobelia, 268 
lupuline, 268 



562 

Syrup, 



GENERAL INDEX. 



maidenhair, 79 

compound, 79 

manna, 273 
marsh mallow, 86 
matico, 275 
milk, 261 
monesia, 279 

compound, 279 



mulberries, 280 
muriate of morphi 



naphthaline, 287 

opium, 299 
succinated, 299 

orange flowers, 120 
peel, 119 

orgeat, 99 

paullinia, 307 

pectoral, 306 

Peruvian bark, 166 

pipsissewa, 158 

poppy heads, 306 

proto-iodide of iron, 207 

red roses, 353 

rhatany, 260 

rhubarb, 350 

and senna, 350 

aromatic, 350 



282 
compound, 282 



rue, 355 

saffron, 183 

sarsaparilla, 364 

compound, 364 

Gesnouin's, 365 

Laffecteur's, 364 



seneka, 372 

senna, 375 

and apples, 375 

rhubarb, 375 

squill, 370 

aromatic, 371 

compound, 368 

storax, 389 

stramonium, 389 

succory, compound, 160 

sulphate of iron, 212 

morphia, 283 

quinine, 346 

and coffee, 346 

sulphuret of magnesia, 272 

potassium, 327 

compound, 327 



sulphuretted, 95 

sulphuric ether, 81 

thridace, 262 

uva ursi, 404 

valerian, 405 

vinegar, 67 

violets, 409 

wild cherry bark, 340 

wormwood, 65 

Table of avoirdupois weights, 10 

distilled oils, 458 

drops and minims, 18 

foreign weights, 14 

hydrometrical equivalents, 28 

— — — incompatibles, 422 

pharmaceutical names, 433 

posological, 426 

sp. grs. and Baume's hydrometer, 25 

of preparations, 31 

Tamarinds, 397 

electuary, 397 

infusion, 397 

pulp, 397 

whey, 397 

Tannate of lead, 318 



Tannate of quinine, 347 
Tannic acid, 76 

gargle, 76 

injection, 76 

mixture, 76 

ointment, 76 

pills, 76 

and opium, 76 



Tansy, 397 

extract, 397 

infusion, 297 

oil, 397 

pills, 397 

tincture, compound, 397 

Tapioca, 397 

jelly, 397 

pudding, 397 



Tar, 



ointment of, 312 

compound, 312 



pills, 312 

water, 312 

Tartaric acid, 77 

lemonade, 77 

lozenges, 77 

Tartar emetic, 107 

bolus, 107 



clyster, 108 

emulsion, 108 

liniment, with ammonia, 108 

lotion, 108 

and camphor, 108 

corrosive sublimate, 



ointment, 108 
compound, 108 

pills and camphor, 107 
guaiacum, 107 



plaster, 
powder 



opium, 107 

108 

107 

and ipecacuanha, 107 

phosphate of lime, 

107 

quinine, 107 

compound, 107 

>lution, 108 

and squill, 108 

ine, 108 

— collyrium, 108 

— mixture, with ammonia, 109 
bitter sweet, 



laudanum, 



syrup, 109 



Tartarized soda, 385 

Tartrate of antimony and potassa, 107 

iron and potassa, 212 

mercury and potassa, 247 

potassa, 338 

and ammonia, 339 



quinine, 347 

soda and potassa, 385 



Tea, beef, 418 

bran, 419 

mutton, 418 

veal, 418 

Temperatures in pharmaceutical operations, 28 
Tepid bath, 463 
Thermometrical scales, 32 
Thridace, 262 
Tin, 387 

chloride, 387 

electuary, 387 

ointment, 387 

oxide, 388 

powder, 387 



GENERAL INDEX. 



563 



Tin, sulphuret, 387 

powder, compound, 388 

Tinctures, 451 

Tincture, acetate of iron, 200 

alcoholic, 200 

ethereal, 200 



morphia, 
potassa, 391 
zinc, 413 



aconite, 78 

root, 78 



aloes, 85 
and myrrh, 85 

allspice, 309 

amber, 392 

alkaline, 392 

ethereal, 392 

American centaury, 356 

columbo, 215 

hellebore, 409 



ammonia, compound, 93 

ammoniated iron, 201 

angelica, 103 

compound, 102 



■ angustura, 102 

■ aniseed, 104 
antacid, 238 
arnica, 113 
assafetida, 117 

alkaline, 117 

ammoniated, 118 

— and castor, 118 

soot, 118 



balsam of Peru, 285 

tolu, 400 

compound, 400 

■with foxglove, 401 



belladonna, 127 
ethereal, 128 



benzoin, 129 

compound, 129 

black hellebore, 230 

snakeroot, 160 

bloodroot, 360 
brucia, 131 
buchu, 192 
calamus, 133 

compound, 133 

camphor, 139 

and saffron, 139 

ethereal, 139 



cantharides, 142 

and guaiacum, 142 

camphorated, 142 

ethereal, 143 



compound, 142 
ethereal, 143 



carbonate of potassa, 332 
compound, 333 

cardamom, 147 

compound, 148 

• cascarilla, 150 

castor, 151 

•ammoniated, 151 

compound, 151 

ethereal, 151 

catechu, 153 
■ Cayenne pepper, 145 

ind cantharides, 145 



cevadilla, 355 

chiretta, 158 

chloride of gold, 121 

iron, 204 

ethereal, 204 

zinc, ethereal, 411 



cinchonia, 167 
cinnamon, 167 



Tincture, cinnamon, compound, 16 
ethereal, 168 



cochineal, 169 
colchicum flowers, 171 

seeds, 170 

compound, 171 



colocynth, 173 

columbo, 174 

contrayerva, 177 
compound, 177 

copaiba, 179 
alkaline, 179 



compound, 179 

coriander, 180 

Croton oil, 294 

cubebs, 184 

cyanuret mercury, compound, 242 

Dippel's oil, 289 

elaterin, 195 

ergot, 196 

foxglove, 191 

ethereal, 191 



galbanum, 217 

compound, 217 

galls, 218 

gamboge, alkaline, 219 

ammoniacal, 220 



gentian, 221 

acidulated, 221 

alkaline, 221 

ammoniacal, 221 

compound, 221 

gentianine, 222 

ginger, ethereal extract, 416 

goldthread, 179 

guaiacum, 227 
ammoniated, 22S 

hemlock, 175 
ethereal, 175 

hemp, 141 

henbane, 249 
ethereal, 249 



hops, 232 
alkaline, 232 

horse balm, 172 

hydrargyro-iodide of potassium, 325 

iodide of iron, 207 
potassium, compound, 324 

iodine, 251 

compound, 251 

ethereal, 251 

saturated, 251 



■ jalap, 257 
compound, 257 

• Jamaica dogwood, 311 

■ kino, 259 

• lactucarium, 263 

■ larkspur seeds, 189 

■ lavender, ethereal, 265 

• lettuce, aromatic, 263 

■ lobelia, 268 
ethereal, 268 

■ lupuline, 268 

• mace, 269 

- magnolia, 272 

■ malate of iron, 209 

- male fern buds, 214 

- mastic, ethereal, 275 

■ matico, 275 

■ monesia, 279 

■ musk, 284 
artificial, 391 

- myrrh, 287 

and hellebore, 287 



nux vomica, 2S8 
compound, 288 



564 

Tincture, opium, acetated, 301 

ammoniated, 302 

and asarabacca, 3C 

soap, 302 

Bateman's, 302 

camphorated, 302 

compound, 302 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Smith' 

succinated, 302 

Swediaur's, 302 

Warner's, 303 

opoponax, 304 

compound, 3( 



orange peel, 11! 

pareira brava, 307 

pellitory, 340 
compound, 340 

Peruvian bark, 164 

and ammonia, 165 

cantharides, 165 

gentian, 165 

snakeroot, 165 

valerian, 164 



compound, 1( 



■ phosphoric, of myrrh, 75 

■ piperine, 311 

• poison oak, 402 

■ proto-iodide of iron, 207 

• quassia, 341 
compound, 341 

■ quinine, 342 
impure, 342 



red iodide mercury, 243 
ethereal, 243 



rhatany, 260 
rhubarb, 350 
and 



aloes, 350 
aniseed, 351 
gentian, 350 
senna, 350 



alkaline, 351 



rosemary, 354 
roses, 353 
rue, 355 
saffron, 183 

compound, li 



sassafras, 



compound, 365 

savine, 357 
compound, 357 

senna, and jalap, 374 

gentian, 374 

compound, 374 

skunk cabbage root, 193 
seed, 193 



snakeroot, black, 160 

Virginian, 376 

and balsam Peru, 

376 

soot, 216 

squill, 369 

alkaline, 369 

and benzoin, 369 

elaterium, 369 



■- ethereal, 



stargrass, 81 

stramonium ethereal, 389 

leaves, 3S9 

seeds, 3S9 

strychnine, 390 

sulphate of quinine, 346 

compound, 346 



sulphuret of potassium, 327 

tansy, compound, 397 

tartrate of iron, compound, 213 

tobacco, 396 

tulip tree bark, 267 



Tincture, valerian, 405 

ammoniated, 405 

compound, 405 



compound, 405 



vanilla, 407 
veratrine, 408 
white hellebore, 408 
winter's bark, 410 
wormwood, 65 

alkaline, 65 



Toast water, 41S 
Tobacco, 395 

cataplasm, 396 

extract, 396 

infusion, 396 

lotion, 396 

— — — — mixture, 396 

nicotina, 396 

oil, 396 

ointment, 396 

pills, 396 

powder, compound, 396 

tincture, 396 

wine, 396 

Tolu, balsam of, 400 
Tonics, 62 
Tormentil, 401 

decoction, 402 

extract, 401 

gargle, 402 

powder, compound, 401 

Tous les mois, 417 
Tragacanth, 402 

mucilage, 402 

paste, 402 

powder, compound, 402 



Troches, 462 
Tulip tree bark, 267 

infusion, 267 

tincture, 267 



Turlington's balsam, 129 
Turpentine, 399 

clyster, 399 

electuary, 399 

liniment, 399 

mixture, 400 

oil, 292 

ointment, 399 

compound, 399 

pills, 399 

with guaiacum, 399 

jalap, 399 

magnesia, 399 

myrrh, 399 

rhubarb, 399 



plaster, 



compound, 400 

Uva ursi, 404 

decoction, 404 

extract, 404 

mixture, 404 

powder, compound, 404 

syrup, 404 



Valerian, 404 

bolus, with iron, 405 

sulphate cf potassa, 405 



electuary, 405 

extract, 406 
fluid, 406 

infusion, 405 
compound, 405 

mixture, with ammonia, 405 
Hoffmann's anodyne, 406 

oil, 406 
with ammonia, 406 



GENERAL INDEX. 



565 



Valerian, pills, compound, 405 

powder, compound, 404 

syrup, 405 

tincture, 405 

ammoniated, 405 

compound. 405 

compound, 405 

with Hoffmann's anodyne, 406 



wine, 405 



Valerianate of quinine, 347 

zinc, 415 

Valerianic acid, 77, 406 
Vanilla, 406 

arrowroot, 407 

essence, 407 

extract, fluid, 407 

lozenges, 407 

milk, 407 



Vapor bath, 465 
Varnish, crystal, 275 

picture, 275 

Veal tea, 418 
Vegetable broth, 417 
Venesection, 474 
Ventilation of sick room, 45 
Veratrin, 407 

liniment, 408 

lotion, 408 

muriate, 40S 

nitrate, 408 

ointment, 40S 

with iodine, 408 

opium, 408 



pills, 407 
with henbane, 408 

sulphate, 408 
solution, 408 



tincture, 408 



Verdigris, 1S5 
Vesicatories, 470 
Vinegar, 67 

aromatic, 68 

spirit, 68 

borax, 380 

cantharides, 142 

cataplasm, 67 

Cayenne pepper, 145 

cinnamon, compound, 167 

coffee, 176 

colchicum root, 171 

seeds, 171 

distilled, 68 

elder flowers, 359 

four thieves, 68 

gargle, 67 

lobelia, 268 

mixture, 67 

and cardamom, 67 



opium, 300 
pastilles, 67 
prophylactic, 68 
rosemary, aromatic, 353 
roses, compound, 353 



sage, 359 

squill, 370 

syrup, 67 

stavesacre, 388 

Vinegars, 454 
Violet, sweet, 409 

conserve, 409 

honey, 409 

oil, 409 

Vocabulary of words used in prescriptions, 34 
Volatile oils, 456 



Walnut, white, 257 
Warm bath, 463 
Warner's cordial, 317 
Wash, black, 244 

cosmetic, 129, 238 

detergent, 87 

ophthalmic, 185 

sal ammoniac, 96 

yellow, 238 

Water, allspice, 309 

ammonia, 90 

anemone, 102 

angelica, 103 

anti-hysteric, 377 

apple, 418 

arquebusade, 278 

avens, 227 

barley, with nitrate potassa, 232 

bitter almonds, 100 

brooklime, 126 

camphor, 139 

and laudanum, 139 

nitric acid, 139 

Hoffmann's anodyne, 139 



■ caraway, 148 

■ chalybeate, artificial, 203 

• cherry laurel, 264 

• chlorine, 158 

• cinnamon, 168 
compound, 168 

• citrate of magnesia, 271 
clove, 149 

• Cologne, 266 

■ coriander, compound, 180 
distilled, 455 

diuretic, 100 

elder flower, 359 

fennel, 215 

Goulard's vegeto-mineral, 315 

honey, 276 

Hungary, 354 

ioduretted, 323 

lavender, 264 

lemon peel, 266, 419 

lettuce, 263 

lime, 135 

and carbonate of potassa, 135 

milk, 135 



compound, 135 

medicated, 455 

opium, 300 

orange flower, 120 

partridge berry, 220 

rice, 304 

rose, 352 

Seidlitz, 271 

souchy, 419 

sulphuret of potassium, 327 

sulphuretted, artificial, 73 

tar, 312 

toast, 418 

unparalleled, 267 

Weights and measures, 9 

apothecaries', 12 

avoirdupois, 9 

foreign, 12 

French, 12 

metrical, 12 

Troy, 9 

Whey, 260 



i urn, 



aromatic, 



261 



cremor tartar, 260 
mustard, 261, 377 
tamarind, 260, 397 
tartarized soda, 385 
vinegar, 260 



566 



GENERAL -INDEX. 



Whey, wine, 261 
White hellebore, 408 

decoction, 408 

ointment, 409 

compound, 409 



powder, 408 
tincture, 408 
wine, 408 



precipitate, 236 

walnut, 257 

Wikana, 132 

Wild cherry bark, 340 

infusion, 340 

syrup, 340 

ginger, 115 

— infusion, 115 

ipecacuanha, 198 

powder, compound, 198 

potato, 177 

Wilkinson's liniment, 95 
Willow bark, 358 

decoction, 35S 

dentifrice, 358 

ointment, 358 

powder, compound, 358 

Wine of aconite, compound, 78 

— aloes, 85 

alkaline, 85 

— — balsamic, 85 



American hellebore, 409 
black hellebore, 230 
blessed thistle, 154 
bryony, 131 

centaury, compound, 154 
cinchonia, 167 
cinnamon, compound, 167 
citrate of iron, 205 
aromatic, 205 



cloves, 149 

colchicum root, 170 

seeds, 170 

compound, 171 

dogwood, round-leaved, 181 

ergot, 196 

gentian, 221 

iodide of iron, 207 

ipecacuanha, 255 

alkaline, 255 

and tartar emetic, 255 

compound, 255 



iron, 203 

opium, 301 
Sydenham's, 301 

Peruvian bark, 166 

persimmons, 193 

and calamus, 

iron, 166 



quassia, 341 
rhubarb, 351 

and gentian, 351 

compound, 351 

roses, 353 

senna, compound, 374 

squill, 368 

— bitter, 369 
compound, 369 



stramonium, 389 

sulphate of quinine, 346 

aromatic, 346 

tartrate of iron, 212 

compound, 212 



tobacco, 396 

valerian, 405 

Virginia snakeroot, 376 

white hellebore, 408 

wormwood, 65 

yellow ladies' bedstraw, 218 



Wineantimonial, 108 

diuretic, 293 

mulled, 419 

whey, 261 

Wines, 453 
Winter's bark, 410 
tincture, 410 



Wistar's cough lozenges, 304 
Witch hazel, 209 
Wolfsbane, 112 

decoction, 113 

extract, 113 

fomentation, 113 

infusion, 113 

compound, 113 

powder, compound, 112 

tincture, 113 



Wood sorrel, 67 

extract of, 67 

Wormseed, 157 

decoction, 157 

oil, 157 

mixture, 157 



Wormwood, 65 

clyster, 65 

essential oil, 65 

infusion, 65 

ratafia, 66 

syrup, 65 

tincture, 65 

alkaline, 65 



wine, 65 



Yellow ladies' bedstraw, 218 

root, 248 

sulphate of mercury, 245 

Zinc, 410 

acetate, 413 

collyrium, 413 

injection, 413 

lotion, 413 

tincture, 413 



carbonate, 413 

cerate, 413 

— ■ plaster, 414 

precipitated, 413 

prepared, 413 

chloride, 411 



disinfectant, 411 
injection, 411 
lotion, 411 
paste, 411 
suppository, 411 
tincture, ethereal, 411 
412 

pills, 412 
powder, 412 



ferrocyanide, 412 

mixture, 412 

pills, compound, 412 

powder, 412 

lution, 412 



iodide, 412 

collyrium, 413 

ointment, 413 

solution, 413 

syrup, 413 

oxide, 410 
cerate, with lycopodium, 411 

lotion, 411 

ointment, 411 

with calomel, 411 

opium, 411 



ills 



410 
compound, 410 



GENERAL INDEX. 



567 



Zinc, oxide, powder, 410 

— — — — — compound, 410 

with colomba, 410 

sulphate, 413 

collyriurn, 414 

: with camphor, 41' 

fomentation, 414 

gargle, 414 

injection, 414 

lotion, 414 



Zinc, sulphate mixture. 415 

pills, 414 

compound, 414 

with turpentine, 41' 

myrrh, 414 



solution, 414 



valerianate, 41; 

mixture, 415 

pills, 415 



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